Evaluation of the quality of installation work. Construction quality control

The quality of the construction installation work is evaluated by their individual types, by elements and parts of buildings and structures, as well as by completed and prepared for commissioning facilities and complexes.

The quality of certain types of construction and installation works is determined as they are performed in the process of acceptance from the performers (individual workers, units, teams) by the foreman, the work foreman. Quality indicators are recorded in general work logs and then transferred to the work order for accounting when setting the size of the bonus.

Quality control hidden works is made upon their acceptance by the technical supervision of the customer. At the same time, an act is drawn up for hidden works, in which the quality indicator is indicated. The act is signed by a representative of the customer, contractor (foreman, foreman), and in the case of acceptance of especially critical structures - also by persons exercising architectural supervision.

Quality assessment is also carried out upon completion of certain types of work on the facility, performed both on its own and by subcontractors, with an entry in the general work log.

The assessment of the quality of construction and installation works on objects and complexes of structures is carried out in the process of their acceptance into operation and is recorded in the acts of the working and state commissions. When assessing the quality of construction and installation works, the compliance of the results of the work performed with the regulatory and project documentation, as well as the detected defects are analyzed. The assessment is performed using points: excellent - 5, good - 4, satisfactory - 3.

In the evaluation process, first of all, compliance with each regulatory and design requirement governing the quality of controlled indicators should be checked.

Quality analysis is of great importance for organizing work to improve it, eliminate defects and reduce unproductive costs. Both the total number of defects and their distribution by significance groups (critical, significant, insignificant), types of work, departments are analyzed. The causes of defects are carefully analyzed, performers and managers are identified, through whose fault the poor quality and marriage of work (products) is admitted. The results of the analysis are used to develop action plans to improve quality, to sum up the results of socialist competition, and to conduct educational work in a team. The results of the analysis are systematically brought to the attention of the team. For this, in particular, quality days are used.

SUPPLY MANAGEMENT

Material and technical supply is the process of planned distribution of means of production by the organization of timely and comprehensive delivery of them from producers to consumers. Uninterrupted and complete supply is the most important prerequisite for the fulfillment of production tasks and the rhythmic work of enterprises and construction organizations.

With the expansion of the range and range of products coming to construction site materials, parts and structures, the importance of complete deliveries in the most prepared form for use is increasing. Thus, the supply process is complemented by the picking process. On the assembly bases, some processes are carried out to improve the construction readiness of materials, semi-finished products and non-standard elements are manufactured.

There are three types of sets of materials, parts and technological design. delivery, transport (travel). Technological kit - a set of materials, "products and structures necessary for the construction of an object or the performance of a stage of work or part of a building, structure (section, floor, tier) in accordance with the established technology for the production of work Delivery kit - part of the technological kit received from one supplier (manufacturer, production and assembly base, assembly trust) in accordance with the schedule for the production of construction and installation works.

Logistics management consists in influencing the employees of supply agencies, supplying enterprises, production and assembly bases in order to ensure uninterrupted complete supplies of materials, parts, structures and equipment to construction sites in accordance with the schedules of construction and installation works

In construction and installation trusts (associations), house-building factories, departments of production and technological equipment (UPTK) are being created. They concentrate all the functions of managing the complete material and technical supply of facilities under construction, including: a) obtaining all types of material resources, their storage, and the creation of necessary reserves; b) performance of work to improve the construction readiness of products, the manufacture of semi-finished products, mortar and concrete mixtures, paint compositions, blanks and preparation of materials for direct use (cutting to size of glass, linoleum, wallpaper, boards, moldings), production of non-serial and non-standard structures and parts; c) the formation of kits and their centralized delivery to the facilities under construction according to hourly and weekly-daily schedules, linked to the schedules for the production of construction and installation works - UPTK is a progressive form of organizing logistics. When organizing the UPTK, the completeness of supplies is ensured, the degree of construction readiness of materials and products increases, the volume of transit supplies increases, the number of warehouses decreases, stocks of materials are minimized, accounting and safety of materials improve, waste is reduced and their utilization is introduced. All this makes it possible to reduce the construction time of facilities, increase labor productivity, reduce the cost of material and labor resources as well as construction costs. The structure of the production and technological equipment management apparatus may be different depending on the volume and structure of the construction and installation works being serviced and the conditions of supply.

In some trusts, such a form of material and technical supply management has been preserved, in which an office is created in the trust, and a department of material and technical supply is created in the construction department. The Logistics Office implements allocated funds and limits on materials, keeps records, stores, distributes and releases them to construction organizations and manufacturing enterprises. However, such an organization of logistics is considered outdated, as it is characterized by a low level of complete deliveries and a low degree of construction readiness of the supplied materials.

Today we will talk about the concept of quality control in the construction industry. This issue is very relevant at the present time due to the emergence of many firms and organizations specializing in construction works oh, and sometimes not always paying due attention to the quality of the objects being built. What is it about?

The quality of construction products is understood as the whole sum (in the aggregate) of the characteristics of a construction object ready for operation, which allows satisfying the assigned needs.

And what is quality management?

It is understood as a set of measures to ensure and maintain quality right level in the design of construction products, their production and operation. Measures for its implementation - systematic control building objects and timely impact on all influencing factors and conditions.

A set of technical, organizational, economic and other means to maintain its optimal level is used in the development of projects, industrial production of products, in the process of construction work by contractor organizations, as well as during warranty period operation.

Goals and objectives of the quality management system

What tasks are included in the quality management system when we are talking about construction and installation work?

First of all, about planning, that is, about establishing a planned level of quality, in accordance with regulatory indicators (instruction SN 378-77). Then - about ensuring the readiness of the organization for work given level. We are talking about the supply of material and technical resources in accordance with the requirements of standards.

Particular attention is paid to the metrological assurance of the accuracy and unity of the actual parameters of those indicated in the project, and staffing. An important point is the stimulation of the quality of the material and moral order, as well as information support.

Normative documentation as the basis of the UK construction and installation system

There are three stages in the development and implementation of the CS of the UK SMR. At the first of them, an order is issued to create a coordination working group, technical training of specialists, analysis and examination of the existing quality level are organized. At the second stage, the terms of reference and the project are being developed, the third stage is the implementation of the system.

The implementation of construction control is carried out on the basis of regulatory documentation, which serves as the basis for quality management in all types of construction. It consists of state standards, building codes and the rules design and estimate documentation, as well as industry standards, guidelines, instructions, etc.

The general structure of construction regulatory documentation (SND) is regulated by SNiP 10-01-94, which contains requirements for all regulatory documents. Its provisions are mandatory for use by management and supervision bodies, organizations of any form of ownership.

What is the meaning of normative documentation

The task of SND is to ensure that a building product meets its intended purpose (favorable living conditions for people), its safety for life and health, protection from possible risks in emergency situations, reliability and quality of foundations, structures and engineering systems, compliance with environmental standards.

Regulatory documents can be state, federal, related to the subjects of the Russian Federation and industrial and branch (by subjects economic activity). SNiP (abbreviated designation of building codes and regulations) of the Russian Federation regulate the mandatory requirements for the process of creating construction products.

What is she like

GOST (abbreviation stands for " state standards") in our country establish all the provisions (from mandatory to recommended) regarding the specific characteristics and parameters of buildings, structures, their parts, individual structures, materials and products.

Other provisions at the federal level are prescribed in the joint venture (sets of rules for design and construction), as well as RDS (guiding documents).

The constituent entities of the Russian Federation have established TSN - this abbreviation corresponds to territorial building codes, and in some industries the regulations are set by STP and STO - standards of enterprises and associations, including the provisions of the technology and organization of a particular production.

Organization of quality control of construction works

It takes place on three levels:

1. As state supervision carried out by specially existing bodies.
2. As a departmental quality control of construction and installation works (having the same tasks) by the bodies of ministries and departments.
3. In the form of production control within an organization or enterprise. This is internal control. It, in turn, can be input, acceptance, operational and inspection. The object of such control is the high quality of the technological process and products.

What is POS and PPR

Works cannot be started without proper documentation. The technical departments of construction organizations check the working drawings received from the customer, estimate documentation, coordinate all deviations. The teams of performers are provided with the most complex drawings made on a large scale.

The fundamental principle of everything is POS - a construction organization project. On its basis, a construction organization is developing a PPR - a project for the production of work, approved by the chief engineer of the general contractor organization. without approved PPR construction not allowed. The control of construction and installation works is based on checking the strict compliance of the ongoing process with both PPR and POS.

About input control

Incoming control in without fail everything that comes to the construction site should be subjected to - from building materials and products to any engineering equipment. Tests are carried out in construction laboratories and by external inspection.

As a primary production document, reflecting all construction control and supervision in the production process, there is a general work log - it is usually kept separately for each object. It is filled by the foreman from the first day of work. It contains the entire list of personnel with changes, registration of used estimates and working drawings, conclusions of expert commissions, etc.

In its main part - the work diary - reflect the start / end dates of each stage of production with a detailed progress.

What is operational control

Operational quality control is understood as checks during the construction process for compliance of the work performed with all requirements in the context of individual operations. Its purpose is to prevent and eliminate defects and imperfections in time.

Its implementation is the task of the master or foreman, and the chief engineer is engaged in the organization.

Construction control in the form of technical supervision carried out by the customer

This type of supervision is established to confirm the quality and scope of the work performed, their compliance with the approved project and estimate. The customer controls the quality of the materials and structures used, compliance with state standards and specifications.

Representatives of technical supervision do not have the right to make changes in the course of construction to the approved documentation. Their task is to conduct construction control by checking the results laboratory tests and analyses, availability of passports, sampling, etc. In case of detection of low-quality materials and equipment, they draw up an act and prohibit their use.

In case of hidden work, construction and technical control requires registration in the form of acts immediately after their completion. Until such acts are signed, the subsequent stage of activity cannot be started. Works in which the approved design was violated will not be accepted, and all defects must be eliminated at the expense of the contractor.

Author's supervision - what is it about?

In addition, the design organization conducts another quality control of construction work - architectural supervision. The chief designer and chief engineer of the project are appointed as the general designer as representatives of the design organization in institutions and subcontracting firms.

If necessary, they may suspend the progress of work - if violations and deviations from the project are revealed. Control of construction quality by means of architectural supervision can be entrusted to a specialized independent organization-designer.

The powers of architectural supervision - the prohibition of the use of parts, materials and structures that do not meet the standards, the requirement to suspend work carried out with obvious violations, making proposals to bring the perpetrators to justice.

Another level of control

We are talking about state control of the quality of construction. As you know, the management of development (including planning) of cities and other settlements carried out by departments (or departments) for construction and architecture.

The functions of such bodies are to develop and issue to developers architectural and planning assignments for design, control the allocation of sites for all types of construction, monitor the organization of architectural supervision, manage geodetic services, issue permits, etc.

The chief architect directs the planning and development of any city. Among his powers - unhindered visits to any construction sites in the city and suburban areas. Conducting construction control, he has the right to suspend the course of the process if the latter is conducted in violation of the law or the approved project.

Functions of an engineer-inspector

The engineer-inspector of state control acts as the deputy chief architect, who is entrusted with construction control in the form of visiting construction sites with the right to demand any design materials and documents, control the correct and timely maintenance of work logs and other documentation, make proposals for altering low-quality work and prohibit the use substandard materials and equipment.

He can also, if necessary, require an examination or the opening of certain doubtful structures, check whether the engineers have certificates that give them the right to be admitted to certain works, raise the issue of bringing to responsibility - both disciplinary and criminal - persons convicted of violating the law in the construction sphere.

About geodetic works

Among other things, one should not forget about the geodetic maintenance of construction, on which the durability and reliability of any structure largely depends. This component technological process, which is carried out in accordance with the time-bound schedule for all work.

underway geodetic works according to SNiP 3.01.03-84. Their purpose is to create a marking base for construction, to carry out marking work directly, to control the accuracy of the erection of building structures at each stage. Building control geodetic methods allows timely detection of undesirable deformations and displacements in building elements.

It is the task of the customer to create such a marking basis for the construction of a structure, to carry out the marking work itself is the functionality of the contractor organization.

Tasks of the customer and contractor

Before the beginning land works representatives of the contractor and the customer jointly accept the working breakdown of structures, which has already been carried out by the contractor. In case of compliance with its project, an act is signed with an attached layout diagram and reference to the existing (backbone) network.

At the stage of land works, as well as all others, the construction organization is obliged to take care of preparing the conditions for carrying out such activities, in particular, the preservation of the necessary geodetic and marking marks and their restoration in case of damage.

23.04.2018 23:39:55 site

Evaluation of construction and installation works is a regulatory procedure designed to determine how well the contractor has coped with the whole project or with certain types of work. A special commission compares the results achieved by the builders with the customer's requests and with the official state regulations. As a result, the cost of construction and the object is calculated.

When is the assessment done?

The procedure is necessary to sum up the results of the intermediate stage of construction and installation or to understand whether the object is ready for delivery. It is also used in the following cases:

When the results of the work do not satisfy the customer.

When the results of the work diverge from the project plan.

When a defect in construction and installation works is discovered at the delivered object.

When the customer violates the contract with the contractor, despite the conscientious work of the latter.

When a conflict arises between the builders and the customer, the court can appoint an initial or re-assessment of the object.

What questions does the procedure answer?

Assessment of construction and installation works determines whether the work performed meets quality standards. The study determines whether the performer has acted in good faith in his duties, and answers the following questions:

Does the actual coefficient of efficiency of the brigade correspond to the construction and installation plan.

How high quality materials were used in the work.

How strong and safe the structures were made by the contractor.

Were technological standards observed in the process of work?

Whether sufficiently qualified persons performed construction and installation work.

As a result of the procedure, the appraiser determines market value objects that have been considered.

Who makes the assessment?

The subject of the appraisal is determined by Article 4 of the Federal Law of July 29, 1998 “On appraisal activities in Russian Federation". According to the document, appraisers are individuals and combine the following features:

Received higher education appraiser, expert in real estate appraisal.

They have higher education - for example, economic or construction. At the same time passed professional retraining A that allows you to evaluate objects.

They can confirm the legitimacy of their practice with a qualification certificate. This document must be valid, that is, received and confirmed no more than 3 years ago.

They act in accordance with the directions indicated in the certificate of qualification.

They belong to a self-regulatory appraisal organization.

We insured our liability in accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On appraisal activities”.

According to general requirements to appraisers, these specialists must be clean before the law. They are required to provide the customer with a certificate stating that they have no outstanding or outstanding convictions for crimes of the following kind:

economic;

moderate;

• especially heavy.

The specialist must understand the standards and be able to apply them correctly.

It is based on building GOSTs and on instruction SN 378-77, which regulates the assessment of the quality of construction and installation procedures.

How to conduct an assessment?

Establishing the real price of the appraisal object, the commission conducts a series of studies. It determines how well the standards the following elements object:

bearing structures;

fences;

building materials;

insulation;

If the check does not reveal any defects, the object is allowed for operation. In this case, the work is assigned one of the following ratings:

• satisfactorily.

The higher the score, the greater the cost of the work of the contractor and the final price of the object. It is rated "excellent" to mark the special skill of the performer. The work of the highest standard assumes an improved project while maintaining the original estimate. The result is characterized by the following nuances:

accuracy;

technical accuracy;

superiority over standards.

“Good” ratings are awarded to projects that are completed to the letter according to the documentation, in accordance with all the requirements of the customer.

“Satisfactory” is given to performers who made minor mistakes. Blots disagree with the customer's request, but do not affect the following indicators of the object:

for strength;

on reliability;

for sustainability;

for durability;

in appearance;

for suitability for use.

The construction and installation works carried out are not always of sufficient quality for the commission to allow the facility to operate. In this case, we are talking about defects.

Defects are understood as design violations or any kind of deviation from the regulations. Such errors need to be corrected.

A significant defect damages the durability of the object, it is eliminated in the general course of construction and installation work. At the same time, a critical defect means that the object is fragile, unsafe. To resolve critical errors, all other work is suspended.

What is needed for the procedure?

In order for a specialist to be able to do his job, he is given access to the object of assessment. A complete package of well-prepared documents is also required.

What documents are required?

By establishing a working relationship, the customer concludes with the contractor written contract. It indicates the identification and qualification data of the appraisers, as well as the following information:

the purpose of the operation;

tasks of the operation;

a detailed description of the object of assessment;

the cost of the commission;

the date of the assessment;

standards on which the commission is going to rely.

Among other things, the agreement regulates insured events, as well as the behavior of the customer and the contractor in case of disagreement. In addition to it, the appraiser will need access to project documentation, to certificates for building materials.

Who pays for the procedure?

The evaluation procedure is paid by the customer. The cost of the service does not depend on the results of the procedure, it is written in the contract and is unchanged.

As a rule, the assessment price ranges from 10 thousand rubles to 25 thousand rubles and depends on the procedure established by the local architectural and urban planning department.

What documents are issued after the procedure?

After the procedure, the service customer receives a paper or electronic assessment report. It should be interpreted unambiguously, ambiguities are excluded from the text. The document contains redundant contact and personal information about the customer and contractor, as well as the following data:

the date of the report;

serial number solutions;

the number of the contract under which the assessment was carried out;

evaluation period;

the purpose of the assessment;

Full description object of inspection.

The appraisal report describes how the ordered procedure went and what it led to. It also includes the following entries:

on the value of the appraised object;

about the documents used by the appraiser.

Appraisers certify the paper with personal seals, physical or enhanced electronic signatures.

How long is the report valid for?

According to article 12 of the Federal Law of July 29, 1998 “On appraisal activity in the Russian Federation”, the appraisal report is valid for 6 months. This is true if hidden defects are not revealed during operation or new ones do not appear.

STATE COMMITTEE OF THE USSR COUNCIL OF MINISTERS FOR CONSTRUCTION (GOSSTROY USSR)

INSTRUCTIONS

ON ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION

Approved

Decree of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for Construction of August 19, 1977 No. 122

MOSCOW STROYIZDAT 1977

UDC 693.658.562(033.96)

"Instructions for assessing the quality of construction and installation works" (SN 378-77) was developed in the development of section 8 of the chapter of SNiP IIM-76 "Organization of construction production" by the Department of technical regulation and standardization and TsNIYOMTP Gosstroy of the USSR with the participation of construction ministries and departments.

With the introduction of this Instruction, the "Temporary guidelines for assessing the quality of construction and installation works, structural parts of buildings and structures and completed facilities and launch complexes" (SN 378-67) become invalid.

Editors - engineers L. L. Lysogorsky (Gosstroy of the USSR), E. V. Aleksandrov (Glavmosstroy), B. N. Gagin (Mintyazhstroy of the USSR), V. Af. Rychev (Ministry of Construction of the USSR) Ph.D. tech. Sciences Ya. V. Smirnov (Mintransstroy), engineer. G. A. Sukalsky (Minmontazhspetsstroy of the USSR), Ph.D. tech. Sciences V. D. Toptsy (TsNIIOMTP).

And 3r 2 * 3 798 Instruct.-norm. And issue. - 7-77

Stroyizdat, 1977

1. This Instruction establishes the main provisions for assessing the quality of certain types of construction and installation works for elements and parts of buildings and structures, as well as for completed construction facilities in general (enterprises, their individual stages, launch complexes, buildings and structures). An indicative list of certain types of construction and installation works for which quality assessment is given is given in the Appendix.

2. Assessment of the quality of construction and installation works should be carried out on the basis of current legislation, project requirements, building codes and regulations, and other normative documents, standards, as well as this Instruction.

3. The quality of certain types of construction and installation works is subject to mandatory assessment at the time of intermediate acceptance, and the quality of construction and installation works on completed construction projects - upon putting them into operation.

4. Assessment of the quality of construction and installation works upon their acceptance from the performers is carried out by foremen or foremen. At the same time, the results of quality control carried out by representatives of the technical supervision of the customer, architectural supervision of design organizations, construction laboratories and geodetic services of construction should be taken into account.

assembly organizations, as well as state and departmental bodies of control and supervision acting on the basis of special provisions for them.

The assessment of the quality of all works hidden by subsequent works and structures is carried out upon acceptance of these works by the technical supervision of the customer with the participation of a representative of the contractor (foreman or foreman), and works on the construction of critical structures, in addition, with the participation of workers conducting field supervision.

5. Evaluations of the quality of construction and installation works are recorded in general work logs and acts (intermediate acceptance of critical structures, examination of hidden works, working commissions and the state acceptance commission).

6. When assessing the quality of construction and installation works, compliance with set parameters*. geometric (dimensions, marks, gaps, tolerances), physical and mechanical (strength, density, surface condition, tightness, humidity, temperature) and other parameters, as well as aesthetic requirements are taken into account.

7. The quality of certain types of construction and installation works upon acceptance from contractors is assessed:

"excellent" - when the work is performed with special care, skill and technical indicators that exceed the indicators required by regulatory documents and standards, or when the operational indicators provided for by the project are improved without increasing the estimated cost of the relevant types of work;

"good" - when the work is done in full compliance with the project, regulatory documents and standards;

"satisfactory" - when the work is performed with minor deviations from technical documentation agreed upon by the design organization and the customer, but do not reduce the indicators of reliability, strength, stability, durability, appearance and performance qualities.

Notes: 1. Work performed with deviations from projects or in violation of the requirements of regulatory documents, not agreed with design organizations and the customer, is subject to

are re-acceptable only after the appropriate alteration (correction).

2. For the purpose of uniformity of the procedure for assessing the quality of construction and installation works with the product quality certification system operating in the industry, it is allowed to conditionally equate the rating "excellent" to the highest category, "good" - to the first category and "satisfactory" - to the second category of quality.

8. Verification of compliance of construction and installation works with the requirements of the project, regulatory documents and standards should be carried out, depending on the nature of the controlled parameters and requirements, instrumentally (measurements, tests) and visually. The need for continuous or selective testing, the scope and methods of control measurements and tests are determined based on the requirements of regulatory documents and standards.

9. The assessment of the quality of construction and installation works on the completed construction facility is carried out on the basis of assessments of the quality of certain types of construction and installation works in the following order:

estimates of certain types of work are conditionally equated:

"excellent" - to a score of 5, "good" - to a score of 4, "satisfactory" - to a score of 3;

assessment of the quality of construction and installation works for the facility as a whole, taking into account the assessments of individual types of work provided for by the attached approximate list, is determined by the formula

5R 5 + 4R 4 + ZR 3 Rsh + Ra + Rsh 9 ( )

where Rz, Ra, Rz - the number of types of work that received respectively the ratings: "excellent", "good", "satisfactory";

the resulting average values ​​are taken as appropriate:

from 4.51 to 5.0 - "excellent",

from 3.51 to 4.50 - "good",

from 3.00 to 3.50 - "satisfactory" rating.

Based on the proposals of design, construction and installation organizations, the working commission establishes the most critical (most important) types of work, i.e., work whose poor performance can lead to a loss in the bearing capacity of structures or to the unsuitability of a building and structure for normal operation.

Assessment of the quality of construction and installation works

the object as a whole cannot be set higher than the assessment of any of the individual types of work classified as the most responsible (most important).

State acceptance committee checks the correctness of the assessments of the quality of certain types of work and, with proper justification, has the right to change them.

10. If there are several buildings and structures in the completed construction of the object, the assessment of the quality of construction and installation work on the object is carried out by determining the average assessment of the quality of work for the main buildings and structures, the list of which is established by the state acceptance commission.

The average score is determined by the formula

5C, + 4C" + 3C,

C 5 + C "+ C 3 '

where Cs, C t , C 3 - the number of buildings and structures in the complex, respectively, received the marks "excellent" (point 5), "good" (point 4), "satisfactory" (point 3).

The values ​​thus obtained are accepted as appropriate:

from 4.51 to 5.0 - "excellent", from 3.76 to 4.5 - "good", from 3.0 to 3.75 - "satisfactory".

11. Taking into account the peculiarities of the construction of objects of various sectors of the national economy and industry, departmental and republican instructions for assessing the quality of construction and installation work may be issued in accordance with this Instruction in accordance with the Gosstroy of the USSR.

12. When deciding on the installation of a Board of Honor with the names of the most distinguished participants in the construction at a completed construction site in a conspicuous place, as provided for by the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated October 18, 1931 No. 867, it is necessary to take into account the assessment of the quality of construction and installation work on this object, adopted in the act of the state acceptance commission.

APPENDIX

EXAMPLE LIST OF CERTAIN TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION AND ASSEMBLY WORKS,

ON WHICH THE QUALITY ASSESSMENT IS ESTABLISHED

1. Planning and strengthening the surfaces of earthworks.

2. Preparation of natural bases.

3. Compaction of bulk soils and backfills.

4. Artificial fixation of soils.

5. Device pile foundations and sheet piling

6. Drainage device.

7. Preservation of the natural properties of permafrost soils.

8 Reinforced concrete works(monolithic reinforced concrete).

9. Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete and concrete structures,

10. Anticorrosion protection of structures, pipelines and equipment.

11. Sealing joints and seams.

12. Mounting metal structures.

13. Stone work (brickwork, artificial and natural stones and large blocks).

14. Lining work.

15. Installation of wooden structures.

16. Antiseptic treatment of wooden structures.

17. The device of floors.

18. Roofing.

19. Plaster work

20. Painting and wallpaper work.

21. Glass work.

22. Facing works.

23. Installation of window and door blocks.

24. Waterproofing works.

25 Thermal insulation work.

26. Fireproof insulation device.

27. Installation of switchgear and transformer substations, power and lighting electrical equipment.

28. Laying cable power lines.

29 Installation of overhead power lines and conductors.

30. Grounding and lightning protection device.

31. Installation of equipment and communication lines.

32. Laying of external networks of water supply and sewerage. 33 Installation of internal water supply systems.

34. Laying of external heat supply networks.

35. Installation of internal heating systems.

36 Installation of internal sewer systems.

37. Installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems.

38. Installation of the main technological equipment.

39. Installation technological pipelines and fittings.

40. Installation of heat power equipment.

41. Installation of sanitary equipment.

42. Installation of handling equipment,

43. Installation of elevators.

44. Installation of gas supply systems.

45. Installation of automation systems (including fire extinguishing).

46. ​​Construction of railway tracks.

47. Construction of roads.

48. Arrangement of driveways, blind area and sidewalks.

49. Landscaping of the territory.

50. Installation of external amenities.

Note. The list can be supplemented (specified) in departmental and republican instructions, taking into account the specifics of the construction of facilities in various sectors of the national economy and industry.

STATE COMMITTEE OF THE USSR COUNCIL OF MINISTERS FOR CONSTRUCTION (GOSSTROY USSR)

INSTRUCTIONS FOR ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF CONSTRUCTION AND ASSEMBLY WORKS SN 378-77

Edition of instructive and normative literature edited by G. A. Zhigachev Editor L. N. Kuzmina Ml. editor S. A. Zudilina Technical editors E. L. Temkina, T. V. Kuznetsova Proofreaders G. A. Kravchenko, E. V. Mazhnikova

Handed over to the set on 13X1977. Signed for printing on 17.XI.1977.

Format 84XI08V8a L. l. Printing paper No. 2

0.42 arb. oven l. (0.37 ed. l.)

Circulation 100,000 copies. Ed. No. XII-7538 Order no. No. 565 Price 3 kop.

Stroyizdat YuzOOB, Moscow, Kalyaevskaya st., 23a Podolsky branch of the Production Association "Periodika" Soyuzpoligrafprom Iran State Committee Council of Ministers of the USSR for publishing, printing and book trade Podolsk, st. Kirova, 25

1. Quality control of construction and installation works (CEW) is carried out in order to clarify and ensure compliance of the work performed and the materials, products and structures used with the requirements of the project, SNiP and other applicable regulatory documents.

2. This goal is achieved by solving the following tasks:

Timely detection, elimination and prevention of defects, marriage and violations of the rules for the production of work, as well as the causes of their occurrence;

Determining the conformity of quality indicators building materials and carried out construction and installation works in accordance with the established requirements;

Improving the quality of construction and installation works, reducing unproductive costs for reworking marriage;

Increasing production and technological discipline, the responsibility of employees for ensuring the quality of construction and installation work.

3. Quality control of building materials, products, structures and work performed is carried out by their complete or selective inspection, opening, if necessary, previously completed hidden works and structures, as well as testing erected structures ( non-destructive methods, loads and in other ways) for strength, stability, settlement, sound and heat insulation and other physical, mechanical and technical properties in order to compare with the requirements of the project and regulatory documents.

4. Quality control is carried out:

Representatives of state control and supervision bodies (State Architectural and Construction Supervision, Gosgortekhnadzor, Gosenergonadzor, Gossanepidnadzor, Gospozhnadzor, etc.);

Representatives of higher organizations of the customer and contractor inspecting the construction;

Representatives of design organizations (design supervision);

Complex commissions consisting of representatives of the customer and contractors;

Representatives of the customer (technical supervision of construction);

Personnel of contracting construction organizations (engineering and technical workers directly supervising the production of works, foremen and link leaders, construction laboratory, geodetic service), as well as commissions internal control appointed by the head of the contractor.

5. Quality control of the construction of facilities is carried out in the following terms:

Personnel of contracting construction organizations and representatives of the customer - daily;

Representatives of design organizations - within the time limits specified in the contract for architectural supervision;

State supervision bodies - periodically.

Checks are carried out in accordance with " methodological recommendations on the organization and conduct of random inspections of the quality of construction projects, approved by the Main Inspectorate of the State Architectural Supervision Authority of Russia dated March 5, 1994 (see Appendix 1).

6. At construction sites it is necessary:

Keep a general work log, special logs for certain types works (journal of work on the installation of building structures, a journal of welding works, a journal of anti-corrosion protection of welded joints, a journal of embedding assembly joints and assemblies, etc.), the list of which is established by the customer in agreement with the general contractor and subcontractors, a journal of architectural supervision of design organizations (if availability);

Draw up certificates of examination of hidden works, intermediate acceptance of critical structures, testing and testing of equipment, systems, networks and devices;

Draw up other production documentation provided for by SNiP for certain types of work, and executive documentation- a set of working drawings with inscriptions on the compliance of the work performed in kind with these drawings or with those entered into them as agreed

with the design organization, changes made by persons responsible for the production of construction and installation works.

7. During the control and acceptance of works, the following are checked:

Compliance of the applied materials, products and structures with the requirements of the project, GOST, SNiP, TU;

Compliance of the composition and volume of work performed with the project;

The degree of compliance of controlled physical, mechanical, geometric and other indicators with the requirements of the project;

Timeliness and correctness of registration of production documentation;

Elimination of deficiencies noted in the logs of work in the course of control and supervision of the implementation of construction and installation works.

JSC "DSK"

Yakutsk House-Building Plant is one of the few enterprises in the construction industry in the Far East, which, having gone through perestroika times, overcoming the crises of 1998 and 2008–2009, not only survived, but retained its staff and became a truly successful, modern company.

Perhaps the secret of success lies in openness to everything new, and also in the professional management and economic talent of the leaders - CEO Alexander Bersh and his first deputy Tatyana Antipkina, which made it possible to work out the right development strategy.

The house-building plant was opened in December 1987 specifically for the construction of residential buildings in Yakutia of the 112th series, developed by the Yakutgrazhdanproekt Institute. Very soon the enterprise was corporatized and became known as OAO Domostroitelny Kombinat. The crisis of 1998 showed that simply by producing and selling reinforced concrete products, it is impossible to survive in the market. It was then that a decision was made that marked the beginning of a new one and, as time showed, successful development. Created in Yakutia, a new brand - DSK - has become synonymous with reliability and quality. Since 1999, the company began to engage not only in the production of building materials, but also in the construction of facilities and their sale.

The new direction of activity made it possible to receive government orders by participating in republican programs for the demolition of dilapidated and dilapidated housing, as well as shared construction housing for state employees. Until 2008, the crisis year, JSC "DSK" built up to a thousand apartments a year, and half of them - under the state order. It should be noted that thanks to the support of the government of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), this crisis, when the purchasing power of the population has decreased, mortgage loans left, the volume of construction became less, affected the enterprise to a lesser extent than others construction companies, and a year later, helped by a program to provide housing for veterans in new homes under construction. And already in 2010, the leaders of the enterprise had full confidence that it would return to its previous volumes.

Today DSK leases 50 thousand square meters a year, the volume of construction and installation work per year has reached two billion rubles, which is for the republic, and even Far East quite a solid number. The enterprise not only survived, but also retained specialists, shop managers, who were able to form a professional team, numbering today from 850 to 950 people. The equipment and technology were preserved, which made it possible even in difficult years to master new types of products, apply different types planning decisions.

The next step in the development of the enterprise was the creation of its own design department. It was the call of the times - people no longer wanted to live in standard apartments. So eight years ago, DSK-project appeared, where competent specialists work, who have developed new, non-standard residential sections, allowing the company to freely navigate market changes and quickly adjust projects. It became possible to build residential buildings, where on the first floors there are areas for social, cultural and domestic institutions, houses with attics, both residential and non-residential. DSK also offers different types of balconies: large and small, round and semicircular.

People today want to live in non-standard apartments, it is difficult to achieve this with large-panel construction. Therefore, the enterprise has mastered monolithic housing construction, but at the same time, to reduce construction time, it uses options with prefabricated structures. The project was based on the houses of the Arcos series, developed in Belarus. In "DSK-project" they were processed taking into account the northern conditions, instead of monolithic frames they began to use prefabricated frames and ceilings, they left the wet processes of concrete laying. All this made it possible for new solutions for quarterly development. Domostroitelny Kombinat OJSC does not refuse from the construction of residential buildings using masonry. Today, DSK builds objects of absolutely different directions, including social ones, and it itself produces everything necessary: ​​from piles to any structure.

The range of work was also significantly expanded. Having created subsidiary for the installation of piles, the company took over the production of foundation work, which had previously been a "bottleneck" in the process of the company's construction activities. Engaged in DSC and landscaping adjoining territories, widely using the capabilities of its mechanical repair shop for the production of metal structures for children's and sports grounds. To this should be added the company's commercial products - blocks, paving slabs, curbs, which are especially in demand today in connection with the mass repair of roads in Yakutsk, supports for power engineers. All this allows us to work stably in the difficult construction market, which means giving people jobs.

Although the house-building plant is focused on housing construction, the enterprise has many social facilities on its account: a hospital in the village of Chernyshevsky, the building of the laboratory building of the Agricultural Academy, a circus in the capital of the republic. Today, DSK is building a new most important facility for the republic - a sports and entertainment center for three thousand seats in Yakutsk. The task is difficult, a modern complex will have to be built in a very short time. Having won the competition last year, already in 2012 DSK should hand over the center to the International Forum "Russia - a Sports Power" with the participation of a large number VIP-persons and the International Sports Games "Children of Asia", which will be held for the fifth time in the republic, bringing together young athletes from dozens of countries.

The facility consists of three blocks: a hotel, engineering and main sports center for three thousand people. Already this year, the landscaping, all external and main work on the first two blocks should be completed, after which they should focus on the main structure. Due to prefabricated structures, it was possible to reduce the construction time. All work is carried out in parallel. Today, about 370 people work at the facility, in July-August their number will increase to 650. Many contractors are involved, in June the installation of stained-glass windows will begin, they are being carried out by contractors from Khabarovsk.

The sports and entertainment center is complex in architecture, including even a 54-meter tower with a rotating observation platform. It is complicated both by modern sports and television equipment, and by a special ventilation and heating system. In addition to air and conventional, infrared heating is provided here with special panels from a height of 14 meters. Therefore, special attention is paid to safety.

As part of the preparations for the Children of Asia games, it became necessary to build a four-story residential building of the Sosnovy Bor sanatorium, which will be used as a hostel for athletes during the games. This is a comfortable building for 370 people, which provides living rooms, treatment rooms, study rooms, a computer class, a library, a gym and much more.

JSC Domostroitelny Kombinat actively participates in the program for the resettlement of citizens from dilapidated and dilapidated housing, in the republican pilot project for the construction of housing in Yakutsk with the participation of the republic's budget. These are one hundred apartments in seven houses in different parts of the city.

There are, of course, problems as well. The first is that in Yakutsk there is practically no opportunity to get an unbuilt land plot. The resettlement and demolition of old houses, the construction of new quarterly networks give rise in price by 20%. The management of the company strives to contain the cost square meter, realizing that the purchasing power of the population is low. To reduce costs, use special programs technical re-equipment: transition from processing in a steam environment to a gas environment, which gives a significant reduction in cost, energy saving. But there are factors beyond the control of the company. This is an external rise in prices for tariffs and materials. Over the past six months alone, metal prices have risen by almost 30%. At the same time, when concluding agreements with equity holders, DSK fixes the price of an apartment and does not increase it during construction. This is one of the advantages of the company. In the current conditions, this, of course, is reflected in profits, therefore, the emphasis is on the volume of construction.

Among the latest innovations of Domostroitelny Kombinat OJSC is the opening of its own workshop for the production of plastic windows. Now almost all windows are installed in the workshop, which allows to reduce construction time and improve the quality of installation. Another innovation is the coloring of the panels, which also affects the timing and gives an attractive look to the house under construction. All residential buildings are leased with installed metering devices for electricity, water, heat and gas, which also makes apartments built by DSK more attractive to buyers.

And further. DSK created their own management company, which services the houses built by the company. It disciplines - representatives management company take part in the acceptance of houses and do not miss any imperfections. Well, the enterprise, in turn, is a good helper, including in garbage collection, which in urban conditions is always expensive and troublesome.

Next year JSC Domostroitelny Kombinat in Yakutsk will celebrate its 25th anniversary. During this time, from a factory for the production of reinforced concrete products, it turned into largest enterprise- the backbone of the construction industry of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

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