Eurocodes in construction. Implementation of building Eurocodes in the United Kingdom

1989 - by decision of the EC, the rights to develop building standards were transferred to the European Committee for Standardization - CEN *.

1992-1998 - developed the 2nd program, which includes 62 prestandards + national additions.

1998-2010 - the 3rd program has been developed, including 58 European standards (EN) + National Annexes, - to completely replace the national standards.

2013-2018 - it is planned to develop a 4th program, in which the nationally determined parameters should be removed.

* CEN - Comit Europen de Normalization - was founded in 1961 with the aim of developing European standards and uniting national European standards institutions. CEN coordinates the work of more than 600 technical committees, subcommissions, working groups. Its headquarters are located in Brussels. The Secretariat operates on the basis of the British Standards Institute.

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

COUNTRIES IN THE STATE

MOSCOW COMPOSITION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMITTEE

BY STANDARDIZATION (CEN)

CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

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STRUCTURE OF THE CEN / TC 250 TECHNICAL COMMITTEE

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

CEN / TC 250 cooperates with international organizations:

ISO - International Organization for Standardization IABSE - Bridge and Bridge Association CIB - Construction Research and Documentation Committee RILEM - Union for Testing and laboratory research Materials and Structures CEB - European Committee for Concrete FIP - Federation for Prestressed Concrete ECCS - European Community for Steel Structures JCSS - Joint Committee for Safety in Building ISSMFE - International Society for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

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* Standard - a document in which, for the purpose of voluntary repeated use, the characteristics of products, rules for implementation and characteristics of the processes of production, operation, storage, transportation, sale and disposal, performance of work or provision of services are established. The standard may also contain requirements for terminology, symbols, packaging, marking or labels and the rules for their application (Federal Law "On Technical Regulation") ISO - International Organization for Standardization IEC - International Electrotechnical Commission (International Electrotechnical Commission)

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

WHAT ARE EUROCODES?

European building standards are documents that allow for a unified approach to the design and construction of facilities, regardless of their geographic location.

Climatic and other features are taken into account in specially developed national applications.

National Annexes are documents that contain:

Specific values, if alternatives are allowed in the Eurocodes or only symbols are given;

Country-specific data: eg snow and wind load maps;

Specific procedures, if the Eurocodes provide for alternative procedures;

Solutions for the use of information applications;

There are currently more than 1,500 nationally defined parameters registered for the Eurocodes for the EU member states.

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

PURPOSE OF EUROCODES

Providing general criteria and design methods that meet necessary requirements mechanical resistance, stability and fire resistance, including aspects of durability and economy;

Ensuring a common understanding in the design of structures between designers, maintenance services, contractors and suppliers of building materials;

Facilitating the exchange of construction services between the participating States;

Facilitate the marketing and use of building materials and related products, the characteristics of which are used in design calculations;

Creation of a unified basis for research and development in the construction industry;

Provide preparation of general design aids and software;

Enhancing the competitiveness of European construction firms, contractors, designers and manufacturers of structures and materials in the global market.

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

LIST OF BUILDING EUROCODES

Sections are supported by standards for materials, work rules and test methods. The total number of such standards is more than 1,500 documents.

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CONNECTION OF EUROCODES

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STRUCTURE OF THE EUROCODE SYSTEM

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STRUCTURE OF THE EUROCODE

Principles are general provisions and definitions that do not allow for alternatives. They contain the letter "P" in their number.

Application rules are generally accepted methods that are consistent with the principles and meet their requirements. In this case, the use of alternative design techniques is allowed. They are indicated by a number in parentheses.

For example, (1) P The limit state design shall be based on the use of design load models corresponding to the given limit state.

(4) Cracks may be tolerated without any control over their opening, provided they do not harm the performance of the structure.

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STAGES OF CREATING EUROCODES AND TAKING INTO ACCOUNT FOR NATIONAL PECULIARITIES

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EXPERIENCE IN IMPLEMENTING EUROCODES IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

Until 2012, Germany allowed the parallel application of national standards and Eurocodes.

In 2012, the Eurocodes and national annexes were included in the list of technical building regulations in Germany, and their observance became mandatory for the design of load-bearing structures.

In addition to the 58 parts of the Eurocodes, there are 55 national annexes developed by the German Institute for Standardization DIN, in which the national parameters of the NDPs have been defined.

So far (2014), 34 parts of the 58 parts of the Eurocodes have been introduced in Germany together with national annexes, the implementation of which is monitored by the supervisory authorities.

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

EXPERIENCE IN IMPLEMENTING EUROCODES IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

Finland Finnish specialists have adopted 58 Eurocodes in total. In 2010, the Eurocode for the construction of bridges was implemented without a national annex. The reason is the relatively small need for the construction of bridges in Finland and the lack of a sufficient technical base and experience in this area.

Belarus In 2009, the Program of Measures for the Implementation of Design Norms and EU Construction Standards was approved. When introduced on alternative basis More than 600 national applications have been developed for Eurocodes.

The Concept for the development of the construction complex of the Republic of Belarus for 2011 was developed. on further implementation of EU design and construction standards in Belarus.

The transition period will last until 2015, then Kazakhstan will switch to European standards without any alternative.

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

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REASONS FOR REVISION OF THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Currently, the average age of standards is 20-25 years.

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REVISION OF THE RUSSIAN REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

technical regulation, national standard, organization standard.

In 2009, Federal Law No. 384 "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures" established mandatory requirements in the field of design and included SNiPs in the national standardization system, giving them the status of codes of practice.

At the same time, the actualization of norms and rules began, and then - harmonization with the Eurocodes.

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INTRODUCTION OF EUROCODES INTO THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

In April 2011, the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation developed the "Program for the harmonization of the Russian and European systems of regulatory documents in construction"

In accordance with the program, after the development of documents, it will be necessary to carry out:

practical testing of national applications to Eurocodes, retrofitting of testing laboratories, development of software used in exploration and design work, training of employees of state and non-state expertise, supervisory bodies, personnel of survey, design and construction organizations.

In March 2014, the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation instructed the Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of Industry and Trade and Rosstandart until December 17, 2014 to ensure the harmonization of Russian and European standards in the field of construction (Eurocodes).

Eurocodes should become part of the Russian building code system in 2015.

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

HARMONIZED STANDARD ADOPTION PROCEDURE

Translation into the national language.

Analysis of the standard and preparation of an opinion on the possibility of its application.

Clarification of parameters at the national level.

Preparation of the National Supplement.

Publication of the national version of the standard.

Transition period, establishment of interrelation with other standards.

Making a decision on registration.

In Europe, this process takes at least 60 months.

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NATIONAL PECULIARITIES OF RUSSIA

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Average annual temperature changes: 30-70 ° С Snow loads: 80-560 kg / m2

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

MAIN DIFFERENCE OF EUROPEAN AND RUSSIAN STANDARDIZATION

The basis of European standardization is the parametric method of standardization, which provides for the standardization of only final consumer properties.

Eurocodes (EN) are general technical documents in which specific technological methods and solutions are not spelled out, but unified design models and lists of standardized parameters are presented.

These parameters are determined in each country independently in the form of national applications.

Russian legislation is based on a prescriptive rationing method that sets requirements for design, survey, construction, installation, etc.

Building codes and regulations (SNiP) - documents in which construction technologies are spelled out - what and how to build. They contain direct recommended parameters and engineering methods to achieve them, ensuring the full range of requirements.

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

BUILDING STANDARDS

Calculation of foundations. The Eurocodes provide only general design requirements for the types of structures; there are no requirements for the initial data and features of the calculations of foundations on specific and weak soils, which are common in Russia.

The safety factors, on the basis of which the transition is made from the normative to the calculated values ​​of the resistance of materials, in Russian SNiPs and Eurocodes are different.

For example, the coefficient of transition from the standard strength of concrete to the calculated one in the SNiP "Concrete and reinforced concrete structures" is 1.3, and the Eurocode EN 1992 - 1.5. The use of only this coefficient according to EN 1992 will lead to an increase in the cost of reinforced concrete structures at the design stage by 10-15% due to an increase in material consumption.

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

PRINCIPAL DIFFERENCES OF RUSSIAN AND EUROPEAN

BUILDING STANDARDS

SNiP II-23 “Steel Structures” set higher requirements for impact toughness for steel structures, which is caused by Russian climatic conditions, in particular, high negative temperatures.

For some buildings, the requirements for fire resistance of structures in Russia are higher than in the Eurocodes.

There are large differences in the loads on buildings and structures. In SNiP 2.01.07 "Loads and Impacts", the payloads on the floors are presented in more detail.

Snow loads. EN 1991-1-3 gives the values ​​of snow loads according to the map of snow loads for Europe; in Russia they are much higher: in Europe the maximum loads reach 95 kg / m2, in Russia the minimum 80 kg / m2, the maximum 560 kg / m2.

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

PRINCIPAL DIFFERENCES OF RUSSIAN AND EUROPEAN

BUILDING STANDARDS

There are fundamental differences in determining the pulsation component of the wind load: dynamic and correlation coefficients are determined differently.

Seismic load. 40% of the territory of Russia is an earthquake hazardous zone.

The calculated seismic loads calculated according to Eurocode 1998 are 1.4 times higher than those calculated according to SNiP II-7-81 * “Construction in seismic regions”, with the same parameters.

As a result, an increase in the cost of objects when calculating according to EN 1998 and SNiP II-7-81 * can reach 20-40% (depending on the construction conditions and types of structures, the intensity of seismic effects).

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

PRINCIPAL DIFFERENCES OF RUSSIAN AND EUROPEAN

BUILDING STANDARDS

Due to the significant difference in winter temperatures compared to European ones, buildings in Russia are subject to large temperature differences across the thickness of the structures.

More than 2/3 of Russia is located in the permafrost zone - special design and Constructive decisions... They don't build in Europe multi-storey buildings in such areas. The depth of soil freezing in Russia is greater.

Due to the different operating temperatures of buildings, thermal conductivity in Russia corresponds to a temperature of 0 ° C, in Europe - 10 ° C.

Due to Russian climatic conditions, it is impossible to use the structures of windows, walls, ventilation specified in European standards, as freezing and destruction of structures will occur.

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

PRINCIPAL DIFFERENCES OF RUSSIAN AND EUROPEAN

BUILDING STANDARDS

In European standards, there are no calculations of the air permeability of enclosing structures and heat-insulating materials used in multi-storey buildings with stone walls common in Russia.

More than 75% of building structures in Russia are operated in aggressive environments. In Russia, a fundamentally different classification of operating environments has been established, which leads to the need to apply additional protection measures in the design and construction that are not provided (or differ) in the Eurocodes.

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

CONSEQUENCES OF DIRECT APPLICATION OF EUROCODES

complete collapse of metal structures of the warehouse high-rise (36 m) complex in Domodedovo (Moscow region);

collapse of the coating of oil storage tanks in Kirishi after heavy snowfall (near St. Dmitrovskoe highway) - the roof collapsed directly on the cars.

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

MAIN PROBLEMS OF HARMONIZATION

The application of any standard is possible only on condition of the application of a set of regulatory documents interconnected with it.

All translations of standards into Russian must be approved by CEN (this will take 5-6 years).

Currently, the Rosstandart fund lacks the texts of all the necessary CEN normative documents, even in the language of the publisher.

Difficulties with professional translation of available documents.

Differences in terms, definitions, designations.

Differences in methodological approaches to calculations and testing.

Differences in the metrological base.

Differences in the system of building standards: national documents are of a procedural nature and aimed at the user; European standards contain many explanations and conclusions, including bibliographic references.

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

MGSU - CENTER FOR TRAINING EUROCODES

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

MAIN STAGES OF PREPARATION

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Training and professional development of civil engineers and designers

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

TRAINING AT BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTE

(BRITISH STANDARD INSTITUTE, BSI)

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

CONDUCTING ON THE BASIS OF MGSU MASTER CLASSES WITH

PARTICIPATING BY LEADING EXPERTS CEN TC 250

EN 1990: Fundamentals of building design, prof. R. Narayanan, Imperial College London

EN 1991: General actions and loads, P. Spel, SECO, Belgium

EN 1992: Design of reinforced concrete structures, prof. J. Walraven, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands

EN 1993: Design of Steel Structures, R. Debrueckere - SECO Steel and Composite Structures Department, Belgium

EN 1994: Design of steel-reinforced concrete structures, prof. R. Debrueckere

EN 1998: Design of earthquake-resistant structures, E. Carvalho, Chairman of CEN / TC250 / SC8, Portugal More than 300 participants attended. from universities, design institutes and construction organizations in Moscow and Russian regions.

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE "CURRENT PROBLEMS OF APPLICATION

EUROCODES AND NATIONAL STANDARDS IN CONSTRUCTION

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On the need to expand experimental research work in order to clarify the calculation formulas of Eurocodes;

On the expediency of further work on the harmonization of European and national standards of the CIS countries;

On the need for cooperation between universities, research, design, construction organizations in Russia and the CIS countries in the development of national applications;

On the feasibility of developing joint training programs for design engineers and builders;

On the need to carry out work on the terminological correspondence of European and national regulatory documents and drafting Participants:

an appropriate glossary; More than 200 people (63 organizations) from 8 countries:

Russia (16 cities), Ukraine, Belarus,

On the need to include Russia as Kazakhstan, Armenia, the Netherlands, Great Britain-affiliated member in the European Committee, Czech Republic, Belgium.

for standardization - CEN.

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

CREATION OF AN EDUCATIONAL-METHODOLOGICAL BASE FOR STUDYING EUROCODES

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

TRAINING PROGRAM "EUROCODES IN RUSSIA"

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e-mail: [email protected] website: www.mgsu.ru Address: 129337, Moscow, Yaroslavskoe shosse, 26.

MOSCOW STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

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Who said Eurocodes are better ?! The topic of the introduction of Eurocodes in design and construction continues to excite the professional community, and so much so that it came to open letters to President Vladimir Putin. It was with such a document that the coordinator of the National Association of Russian Designers for the Siberian Federal District, Jozef Mosenkis, spoke. The proposals expressed in the open letter were accepted at the regional conference of the SRO of Siberian designers, which took place on June 19, 2014 in Novosibirsk.

Dear Vladimir Vladimirovich!

I am asking you to familiarize yourself with the proposals of the designers of the Siberian Federal District adopted at the district conference on June 19, 2014 in Novosibirsk on the issue of transition to the Eurocodes.

In order to improve the quality and efficiency of construction projects, the Government of the Russian Federation plans to switch construction industry Russia for the application of Eurocodes.

Supporters of the transition to Eurocodes believe that this will lead to an increase in the quality and efficiency of design solutions. The Siberian design community believes and this point of view is supported by the overwhelming majority of our colleagues that it would be more correct to radically improve the work on improving domestic regulatory documents, it is appropriate to note here that in 1993 UNESCO at the United Nations recognized our Russian system SNiPs the best in the world.

The question arises: "Why should we give up the best in favor of an incomprehensible and worse system of standards?" Who determined that the Eurocodes are better than others and why are many countries not using them? As you know, the approaches to the calculation of load-bearing structures according to Eurocodes, leads to an increase in the consumption of building materials.

Once again, it should be noted that the most correct thing would be to improve your Russian system of regulatory documents to required level... We urge you, Mr President, to consider the issue of the inexpediency of introducing Eurocodes in the design of facilities capital construction on the territory of Russia, since this will lead not only to long-term confusion and complication of the design process, but also to the possible collapse of the design business in Russia in view of the likely massive arrival of organizations from Western European countries on the market of design services.

Due to the loss of the traditions of the national school of design, the backwardness of domestic design technologies from the European and world level, the unsystematic and inconsistent technical and legal regulation in the field of construction, the decline in the prestige of the professions of architect and design engineer leads to a decrease in quality design and estimate documentation... The reasons for this situation are the insufficient level of qualifications of specialists and poor knowledge of the requirements of the current domestic regulatory documents. There is no doubt that currently there are problems with the application of the current design standards, which is caused by the rapid development of construction technologies, materials, machinery and equipment.

It is naive to believe that the transition to the Eurocodes will turn the tide for the better in as soon as possible... In addition, the overwhelming majority of construction specialists have not seen and do not imagine what Eurocodes are and this process will require an expensive and time-consuming procedure for retraining specialists from design, construction and expert organizations, as well as in the educational sphere, construction industry workers.

Translation of Eurocodes into Russian and supplementing them with applications in order to bring them to the status of national standards, taking into account our natural and climatic conditions, will require additional financial costs... It will also take considerable time for the development of new regulatory documents by specialist designers, employees of expert organizations and construction control bodies.

Tentative preliminary calculations show that the cost of retraining one specialist will cost the design organization 200 thousand rubles. and more, while at present many design organizations have financial difficulties payment for advanced training in the amount of 7-8 thousand rubles per specialist.

Total need for financial resources the process of retraining specialists in Eurocodes (the number of designers engaged in the design of building structures is more than one hundred thousand people) will amount to 21-22 billion rubles for design organizations. and 300-350 million rubles. for expert organizations.

According to our information, in some EU countries, the transition to design according to Eurocodes has been suspended and the European Commission is revising the concept of general outline in the gradual abandonment of the Eurocodes model and movement towards convergence with the system of technical regulation in construction adopted in the Russian Federation.

Based on the above, it is proposed:

1. The priority task is to consider the improvement of domestic regulatory framework, at the same time, the possibility of alternative design according to Eurocodes for objects on the territory of Russia should be excluded. The development of Eurocodes is offered to design organizations that intend to develop projects for the construction of facilities in Western European countries.

2. Financing of work to improve regulatory documents and conduct scientific research in construction industry carry out by capitalizing funds compensation funds national associations surveyors, designers and builders, total amount funds according to the national agency for monitoring and statistics is 77.1 billion rubles, while the total amount of capitalization is at least 4.0 billion rubles annually, in connection with which it is proposed to amend legislative acts allowing the formation of a single fund of national associations for financing scientific research, the development of regulatory documents, technical regulations at the expense of capitalization of compensation funds.

The implementation of the above proposals will make it possible to recreate the domestic base of regulatory documents at a level that meets modern requirements, will reduce many times the costs of design and expert organizations for the development of Russian regulatory documents, will provide a complex of research work in the construction sector according to the program agreed with the Ministry of Construction, which will ultimately contribute to improving the quality and efficiency of projects for the construction of facilities in our country.

Jozef Mosenkis,

Honored Builder of the Russian Federation,

candidate of technical sciences,

Chairman of the Board of SRO NP "SPAS"

The current state of the European standards for the design of building structures

Taking place in last years globalization of the world economic and social space presupposes the development of a unified, generally recognized basis for integration. V economic sphere such foundations are norms and standards that allow participants in the production process to different countries speak the same technical language and make identical requirements for products and services produced in different countries. This is evidenced by the fact that immediately after the signing in 1975 of the Rome Agreement establishing the European Union ( Common market) work began on the Uniform Norms.

In 1978, the Commission of the European Community decided to implement a construction program based on Article 95 of the Agreement. The aim of the program was to remove technical barriers to cooperation and harmonize technical regulations.

Within the framework of this program, the Commission took the initiative to create a set of harmonized technical regulations for design construction projects which would initially represent an alternative to the current national regulations in the member countries and subsequently replace them.

To date, a system of European regulatory documents in the field of construction has been defined, which provides for three levels: the so-called “ Directives construction products”,“ Eurocodes ”and“ Euronorms ”.

2. “Construction Products Directive” contain the most important minimum building requirements, which should form the basis of the legislation of each EU country. The basic requirements are as follows:

“The structure must be designed and constructed so that the loads acting on it during construction and operation would not lead to any of the following conditions:

Collapse of the entire structure or part of it;

Exceeding the general deformations of the permissible limits;

Damage to other parts of the structure, systems or built-in equipment due to general deformations of reinforced concrete structures ”.

The “Directives” have been developed by the European Commission and ratified by all EU members.

Eurocodes and Euronorms

“Eurocodes”Should contain design methods taking into account the requirements of strength, stability, etc.

CEN (European Committee for Standards) and the European Standards Organization participated in the development of the Eurocodes. Note that CEN is a more representative organization, since it includes not only EU members (but for example, Switzerland and the Czech Republic). An agreement has been signed that all CEN countries will adopt the Eurocodes after their final agreement. There are also countries outside CEN that are likely to introduce Eurocodes as national regulations (Hungary, Poland).

"Euronorms" are CEN standards for materials and products. The use of materials in accordance with the requirements of Euronorms is laid down in the Eurocodes.

Let's dwell on the Eurocodes in more detail.

All Eurocodes have a single design basis: a limit state calculation method, in which safety is ensured by a system of safety factors (or safety factors). At the same time, the unification of national norms encounters a number of difficulties, which, first of all, must be attributed different level safety factors for different national standards, expressed in safety factors (hereinafter, the term “safety factor” is used, adopted in the Eurocodes).

In 1989, the Commission and the member states of the European Union (EU) and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), based on the Agreement between the Commission and CEN, decided to prepare and issue Eurocodes through a series of mandates with the aim of giving them the status of a European standard (EN ). This fact links the Eurocodes to the provisions of Council Directives and / or Commission Decisions that relate to European standards (e.g. Council Directive 89/106 / EEC on building products (CPD) and Council Directive 93/37 / EEC, 92/50 / EEC and 89/440 / EEC on public works and services and similar EFTA Directives, the purpose of which is to develop the internal market).

Eurocodes is a set of harmonized European standards for the design of load-bearing structures building structures and protection of structures from the effects of fire. Eurocodes are not intended to be used directly and must be adapted to local conditions. For this, in each country where they are applied, national annexes to the Eurocodes are developed. After adaptation, each Eurocode acquires the status of a voluntary standard.

The Eurocodes for Building Structures program includes the following standards, each of which usually consists of several parts:

EN 1990 Eurocode. Structural Design Fundamentals

EN 1991 Eurocode 1. Actions on structures

EN 1992 Eurocode 2. Design of reinforced concrete structures

EN 1993 Eurocode 3. Design of steel structures

EN 1994 Eurocode 4. Design of steel-reinforced concrete structures

EN 1995 Eurocode 5. Design of timber structures

EN 1996 Eurocode 6. Design of stone structures

EN 1997 Eurocode 7. Geotechnical design

EN 1998 Eurocode 8. Design of earthquake-resistant structures

EN 1999 Eurocode 9. Design of aluminum structures.

The Eurocodes establish the responsibilities of the regulatory authorities in each of the member states and guarantee their right to determine the meanings of safety regulation issues at the national level, which differ from state to state.

Note that the European Committee for Standards (CEN) is a more representative organization, since it includes not only EU members (for example, Switzerland and the Czech Republic). An agreement has been signed that all CEN countries will adopt the Eurocodes after their final agreement. There are also countries outside CEN that are likely to introduce Eurocodes as national regulations (Hungary, Poland).

4. Organizations for the development of European standards:

Eurocodes - Eurocodes (European standards for the design of buildings and structures)

Codes of Practice - Codes of Practice

BSI (British Standards Institution) - British Standards Institute

EU (European Union) - European Union, EU

CEN (Comite European de Normalization) - European Committee for Standardization, CEN

ODPM (Office of the Deputy Prime Minister) - Cabinet of the Deputy Prime Minister

CPD (Construction Products Directive) - construction products directive

NSB (National Standards Body) - national standards body

EN (Euro norm) - European normative and technical document

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) - international organization for standardization, ISO

EEA (European Economic Area) - European economic space

EEC (European Economic Community) - European Economic Community, EEC

Member State - Member State, EU Member State

Building Regulations - technical regulations in construction

Building Acts - Building Laws

DAV (Date of Availability) - the date of completion of the development of the standard by the European Committee for Standardization - the date of the basis for the entry into force of the standard in the EU countries

BS (British Standard) - British standard

DIN (Deutsche Industrie Norm) - German Industrial Standard

hEN (harmonized European Standard) - harmonized European standard

NDP (Nationally Determined Parameter) - parameters set by the state based on national traditions, way of thinking, national design experience, physical and geographical conditions, etc. (regarding the six essential requirements of the Construction Products Directive)

CE marking - CE marking applied to products, packaging, accompanying documents and means that the product meets the essential requirements of the directive

Mandate - a documented mandate for the development of a standard sent by the European Commission to the CEN

It should be noted that the development and implementation of the procedure for the implementation of European standards in the field of construction as an alternative to national standards and codes of practice represents for the country actually a new area of ​​technical law - the development of the European regulatory framework.

Taking into account the above, as well as the strategic need for the convergence of the Russian and European standardization systems, it seems advisable to start the implementation of Eurocodes as national standards or sets of rules within the framework of the procedures provided for Federal law“On technical regulation” and guideline L “Implementation and use of Eurocodes” applied within the framework of the EU Construction Products Directive 89/106 / EEC. At the same time, the national interests of the Russian Federation, as well as the territorial specifics of the implementation of construction activities, must be taken into account.

• The materials of the report "Harmonization of the Russian and European systems of regulatory documents in construction" presented by the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation (see website www.oaiis.ru) were used.
• Accidents were recorded in buildings and structures with metal frames designed by foreign designers in accordance with European standards, for example, a high-rise warehouse in Domodedovo, oil storage tanks near St. Petersburg, and a number of Metro store buildings.

Eurocodes in construction establish general principles and approaches to the development, design and construction of buildings and structures for civil purposes. They have a voluntary status. However, standards cannot be applied directly. Each country participating in the European Community can apply these standards if it develops national annexes to the Eurocodes. These applications should contain technical specifications country specific.

There are two situations when you can refuse to develop your own national applications. The Eurocodes contain recommended technical parameters. If these parameters are acceptable, then they can be adopted as national annexes. The second situation is if the own part of the Eurocode is not applicable for the country (for example, the part on earthquake resistance). In this case, national annexes are not developed, and the Eurocode itself is not applied in the country.

Structure of Eurocodes

The Eurocodes in construction are divided into ten fundamental chapters. They cover: design principles, structural loads, design for different types materials, geotechnical design and design of earthquake-resistant structures.

The structure of the Eurocodes and their relationship can be represented in the form of a diagram.

• Eurocode 0: EN 1990 - Design principles;
• Eurocode 1: EN 1991 - Effects on structures;
• Eurocode 2: EN 1992 - Design of reinforced concrete structures;
• Eurocode 3: EN 1993 - Design of steel structures;
• Eurocode 4: EN 1994 - Design of composite metal and reinforced concrete structures;
• Eurocode 5: EN 1995 - Design of timber structures;
• Eurocode 6: EN 1996 - Design of stone and brick structures;
• Eurocode 7: EN 1997 - Geotechnical Design;
• Eurocode 8: EN 1998 - Design of earthquake-resistant structures;
• Eurocode 9: EN 1999 - Design of aluminum structures.

Each of the sections is divided into parts. These parts include requirements for specific types of structures such as buildings, bridges, pipelines, towers, mast structures, etc. A total of 58 parts of the Eurocodes have been developed to date.

Each type of structure has its own numbering of parts:

• part 1 - buildings and structures for civil purposes;
• part 2 - bridges;
• part 3 - towers, masts, chimneys;
• part 4 - silos, tanks, pipelines;
• part 5 - piles;
• part 6 - crane support structures.

Each part can include subsections. For subsections, designations are assigned. However, this numbering is not always followed.

The general structure of the Eurocodes is presented in the table.

Application of Eurocodes outside the EU

Construction Eurocodes can be used outside the EU on a voluntary basis. They contain a complete set of design standards that cover basic building materials, design directions, and a wide range of structural types and building products.

The structure of Eurocodes is flexible enough. Each country can take into account the national specifics of construction through the development of applications. Application of Eurocodes allows to comply European system standardization.

This makes it possible:

• manufacturers of construction products to enter the European market;
• manufacture products that comply with EU legislation;
• provide construction and engineering services in the EU countries;
• reduce costs for European certification of building materials and products.

The European Standards Organization seeks to support any action to disseminate the results of its work and calls for the adoption of Eurocodes as national standards in non-EU countries. The application of the Eurocodes in construction is the subject of an agreement between the European Organization for Standardization and the national standards body of the country that wishes to use the standards.