Construction of a bridge to the Crimea - the latest news. Construction of a bridge to the Crimea - latest news Criticism regarding the reliability of the bridge on soft ground

Crossing works Kerch Strait continue in Crimea. Construction has been underway since August 2015, today the Kerch bridge, latest news with a video in September 2017 show that the work has accelerated and intensified significantly. It is planned that by the end of next year the crossing will be open for road transport, and in 2019, trains will be allowed to cross the bridge.

The total length of the structure will be 19 kilometers, thanks to which the Kerch bridge in September 2017, the video of which is available on the Internet, will become the largest in the country. For its construction, money is allocated from federal budget. The project is expensive, costing more than twice the amount spent on China's Danyang-Kunshan Viaduct.

The Chinese authorities spent $1.465 billion on it, and the construction of the Kerch bridge, a video in September 2017 confirms this, will cost the state almost $4 billion.

Kerch bridge to Crimea, September 2017: video of changes

According to the latest news, the Kerch Bridge in September 2017 became the most popular construction site in the country. Once completed, it will become one of the most high-tech and modern designs in the world. Journalists published data, according to which 209 thousand dollars are spent on each meter of the crossing.

The Kerch bridge during construction, as of September 2017, as shown in the video, has greatly changed its appearance:

• The bridge to the Crimea in September 2017 received a railway arch. This happened much earlier than the project developers had planned, thanks to which the restrictions on the movement of ships were lifted earlier than October 14th. The arch was brought to the place of installation on floating supports;
• The construction of the bridge to the Crimea in the video in September 2017 also included the installation of special supports under the arch;
• Works were carried out on the installation of a pilot section of the upper asphalt;
• The Kerch bridge on the new video in September 2017 turned into a place of practice for student construction teams, which made it possible to involve those who wish to help in the creation of such an important object in the strait;
• Through the Crimean bridge in September 2017, a video of which shows that hundreds of ships have already passed under the installed arch.

Bridge to Crimea in September 2017: up-to-date information

According to the latest news for September 2017, the Kerch bridge was mentioned in the media due to the fact that various photos of the construction of the structure began to appear. For example, images of the crossing were shown from space from the orbit of the International Space Station.

In addition, the well-known Google search engine noted the bridge to the Crimea in September 2017, but only from the side Russian Federation. The object across the strait became clearer and better from a distance, since a car arch was installed. Against its background, tourists and guests of Crimea want to be photographed.

Soon it will be easier to get to the Crimea on the bridge, the video in September 2017 demonstrates. At the end of 2018, auto traffic will be launched through the crossing.

The bridge to Crimea in September 2017 became the subject of legal proceedings between Russia and Ukraine. Journalists report that the bridge and its construction do not cause any environmental damage to the strait and the ecosystem. Russian scientists and experts insist on this, and the Ukrainian authorities claim that the strait is polluted.

Today, on December 23, 2019, the construction of the Crimean bridge was fully completed - the movement of passenger trains along the railway part of the bridge to Crimea was officially launched, the president of Russia will personally attend the opening ceremony of the railway traffic along the Crimean bridge. The first trains will depart and cross the bridge on December 25.

The construction of the Kerch bridge to the Crimea is one of the most grandiose "constructions of the century" in Russia, it is difficult to overestimate the importance of the construction of the Crimean bridge, which will connect Crimea with mainland Russia. In this publication, we told our readers about how the construction was carried out, answered topical issues around which there were endless disputes and Internet battles did not subside for a long time, especially from Ukrainian neighbors.

It should be noted right away that the new bridge to the Crimea is a record construction both for the Crimean peninsula and for the whole of Russia - its length is 19 kilometers, and this is the largest bridge in the territory of the Russian Federation, therefore this project without exaggeration can be called the "construction of the century."

What is the Kerch bridge to the Crimea?

The Crimean peninsula will be able to get not one bridge, but in fact two at once - a railway and a road. That is, these will be two parallel bridges that have the same archways for shipping traffic, but otherwise they are absolutely independent of each other. The priority, of course, is the road bridge, and according to the plan, its commissioning is scheduled for the end of 2018. And in 2019, the builders promise to commission a railway bridge across the Kerch Strait, which will connect the Kuban and Crimea.

At the first stage of construction, the builders installed piles that go into the ground to a depth of 90 meters at different angles. The indicated depth is due to the so-called "weak soils" that make it difficult to classical methods of building bridge piers.

After the installation of deep-water piles, at the second stage of the construction of the bridge, the installation of span structures began, the most important elements of which are the supports of the navigable span. At two bridges, these supports are connected and fenced with a kind of "islands" of reinforced concrete, designed to protect against collisions with ships - both accidental and intentional.

A segment of the federal highway Tavrida will pass through the island of Tuzla, in fact, along an additional full-fledged bridge, but not over water, but over a spit. The question arises: "Why is it impossible to lay an ordinary road, and not build a bridge over the spit and islands, driving in piles?" You need to understand that the Tuzla Spit is a rather unreliable place for laying the route, therefore it was decided to build a bridge along it, so even if the spit is washed away by the sea after several decades, the bridge will not go anywhere and road and rail links across the Kerch Strait will not be interrupted.

Why such deep piles for the Crimean bridge?

It is impossible to build a Crimean bridge without special piles, all because the bottom of the Kerch Strait is a weak ground. But what does the term "weak ground" mean? In fact, the bottom of the strait is a mixture of mud, silt and liquid clay. In other words, this is a kind of "porridge", and not solid rock, so it will not be possible to install ordinary piles into it. For the reliable installation of the bridge supports, special deep piles are needed so that they can reach the solid dense soil under the silt of the Kerch Strait and so firmly fix themselves.

When building a bridge to the Crimea, piles are perhaps the most important part! At this construction site, they are used in several types and sizes. More than 3,000 piles will be installed for the railway bridge to the Crimea, and more than 2,500 for 288 pillars will be installed for the road bridge.

Before starting pile work in the fairway section, the employees of the research institute checked the bearing capacity of the soil and tubular piles in the Kerch Strait. A stand was specially deployed in the water area, on which the pile to be tested was loaded with 6 hydraulic jacks. The latter provided a pressure of 2500 tons, as a result of which the degree of pile settlement and soil resistance were determined.

Director of the Research Institute of Diagnostics LLC Svetlana Bokhanova said: “Static tests made it possible to obtain the actual bearing capacity piles on the ground. This confirms the correctness of the choice of the design of the pile foundation of the fairway supports.. For the foundation of railway and road bridge supports, three types of piles are used.

These piles will be hammered in in different ways, for example, in sections of the bridge lying over land, bored piles are installed. Initially, a hole is drilled in the ground, after which “weak soil” is removed from it. After the hole is drilled, a metal frame in the form of a giant pipe and fittings is lowered into it and filled with concrete. To make one support, from 8 to 120 piles are needed - in each case, their number depends on the geology.

Today, builders have to deal with a significant problem - weather conditions. According to statistics, stormy weather is observed about 10 times a month, and during this period it is not possible to carry out work from the water. To solve the problem, two working bridges were built across the strait (from the side of Kerch and Taman), along which special construction equipment moves and piles are driven. Installation of piles for bridge supports is carried out at several sites simultaneously, 21 contractors are working.

On the water section of the bridge construction, tubular piles are used, which are driven in at different angles, these angles of inclination are the same for the piles, but they are driven in in different directions, creating, as it were, a support beam.

The height of the piles is impressive - some more than 100 meters, and against their background a person looks tiny. To prevent corrosive processes, piles are painted in places of contact with sea water, which is a rather aggressive environment for metal. Each pile is assembled from several parts: after driving a part of the pile, the next piece is welded onto it, and so on. A pile up to 100 meters long is driven in in about a day and a half. When all the piles for one support are driven, a grillage is laid on them - this is the platform on which the bridge span will subsequently lie. A grillage is made from metal structures, and the assembly process is carried out on the ground, right above the driven piles.

It takes about 28 days for the concrete to harden and gain the necessary strength - this is how long the grillage will “rest”. Bridge spans are being assembled on ready-made grillages. By the way, the railway bridge across the strait is assembled from metal blocks twisted together. The spans are assembled on jacks, and after they are ready, they are lowered onto grillages.

Such technologies and the depth of pile driving are used to ensure that the bridge across the Kerch Strait is able to withstand a powerful earthquake.

What earthquake will the bridge to Crimea withstand?

In the Kerch Strait, an earthquake with an amplitude of up to 8.6 on the Richter scale can occur extremely rarely - about once every 500 years. A magnitude 9 earthquake can occur once every 1000 years. And only once in 2000 years can an earthquake with an amplitude of up to 9.3 points occur. But the bridge in the Kerch Strait is not the first and far from the last construction site in the world, which is being carried out in conditions of increased seismic hazard.

But what happens if an earthquake of magnitude 8 on the Richter scale occurs in Crimea? When powerful tremors begin, their main wave will be “taken over” by the bridge supports, and the vibrations going from the supports to the spans will be damped by means of anti-seismic devices, which are a kind of “layer” between the bridge span and the support. Of course, during such shocks, the roadway will crack and it is possible that the rails will undergo deformation. But in any case, the main structure of the bridge will stand. The project provides that the bridge must withstand even a strong earthquake of 9 points. Of course, after such an impact, repairs will be needed. restoration work, but the structure of the bridge itself will be preserved and will not collapse.

The navigable span of the bridge across the Kerch Strait is the most critical and complex section of the bridge, and each fairway support will be installed on 110 piles, the diameter of which is about one and a half meters. Navigable spans stand both from temporary construction platforms and from barges. High temporary platforms are being erected near the site of the future fairway supports. In the future, impressive cranes will be installed on them, the function of which is to lift and drive piles.

How do the builders of the Kerch bridge live?

The life of the workers is no less interesting than the very construction of the Kerch bridge across the strait. Workers work on a rotational basis: they work for 15 days, and then rest for the same amount. Medium wage is about 35,000 rubles (it all depends on the position), but housing and meals are provided to workers free of charge. In addition, once a month, workers are paid travel to and from their homes.

In the canteen of the construction camp of the bridge builders, located 20 minutes from the bridge, workers have breakfast and dinner, but they have to have lunch at the workplace - food is brought directly to the bridge. Hot dishes and soups are packed in thermal bags.

In total, about 2,000 people are involved in the construction of the Kerch bridge. Workers and builders live in block houses of a specially built town. 4 people live in each room. In the dining room for bridge builders, the menu is quite diverse, that is, you can choose various dishes, meals, as we have already said, are free.

Criticism regarding bridge reliability on soft ground

Due to the significant thickness of silty soils, which do not differ in hardness, the piles of the future bridge are “driven” to an impressive depth, which ranges from 18 meters to 70 meters, depending on the geology. In total, the bridge has 595 supports, under each of which geological wells were drilled to study the hardness of the rock.

There is one more feature of the construction - the piles are not immersed vertically, but with a certain slope, this is done in order to give the supports additional stability.

Is the ice of the Sea of ​​Azov threatening the Kerch bridge?

During the Great Patriotic War for the railway communication of the peninsula with Taman. But 4 months after the launch of the message on the bridge, its structure was destroyed by the ice of the Sea of ​​Azov. Would it not happen that the new bridge would suffer a similar fate?

Have you ever wondered how bridges are built beyond the Arctic Circle? The supports of the future Crimean bridge are designed for ice loads that are possible in the Kerch Strait. In addition, there will be substantial spans between the bridge piers, so no additional ice control assistance is needed. Despite this, in order to control the situation with ice during the operation of the bridge, regular monitoring of the situation will be carried out. And if the need arises, icebreaker-type vessels are located in the port of Novorossiysk, which are ready to reach the Kerch Strait in 8-10 hours to crush ice fields.

How was the route of the bridge across the Kerch Strait selected?

Sometimes there are questions on the network, for what reasons was the current place and route chosen for the construction of a bridge to the Crimea, because there are sections that are smaller in length?

It should be noted right away that the decision was not spontaneous, at the expert council before the start of the design of the Kerch bridge, 74 options for a transport crossing across the Kerch Strait were presented. The Expert Council considered them all and recommended the most optimal one - to build a bridge passing through the Tuzla Spit.

Many residents of our country are following the construction of the Kerch bridge in Crimea.

No wonder this project is called the “Construction of the Century”. After all, the bridge will connect Crimea with mainland Russia. This will solve many problems of the region and will allow many tourists to easily get to their favorite Crimean resorts.

In the summer, student construction teams participated in the construction of the Crimean bridge. In 2017, 90 students from different cities of Russia worked at the construction site for two months. Now students are returning to universities, and specialists will continue to work at the construction site.

At the end of August, it became known that the construction of the bridge had reached the finish line. Although the most difficult part of the work has already been completed, the builders will have to work for more than a year to complete the automobile part of the bridge. The railway part, according to the plan, will be commissioned at the end of 2019.

The installation of the railway arch on the fairway supports was completed on August 29. The positioning accuracy during lifting was 100%. On the same day, the reliability of its fixation was ensured with the help of wind ties.

The arch of the railway part of the bridge was assembled on land for about a year. The ready-made arch, whose weight exceeded 5 thousand tons, was delivered to the installation site and lifted onto supports. Soon, a road arch will be installed using a similar technology. It is somewhat different in size from the railway. The road arch is 500 tons lighter, but 3 meters longer. Therefore, before its installation, the re-equipment of the right-hand side is carried out.

According to the plan, the automobile part of the bridge will be launched at the end of 2018. So soon it will be possible to get to Crimea not only by ferry crossing or by plane, without leaving the country.