Mortgage loan for an apartment, what documents. List of documents for obtaining a mortgage at Sberbank

In almost any young family, and not only young ones, sooner or later all the “delights” of the housing issue arise. Not everyone has the desire to live in the same area as the older generation, and sometimes there is no such opportunity.

And here programs help citizens mortgage lending. If, of course, your earnings level allows you to pay the mortgage. Who are these suitable for? credit products, and what documents are needed for a mortgage at Sberbank in 2019?

Main points of mortgage lending

Why did we start talking about Sberbank specifically? After all, there are so many banks now. Yes, there are many, but most of them are commercial and there is no state capital there at all. Sberbank was founded Central Bank Russian Federation, which is its main shareholder. And therefore the degree of reliability is much higher, plus it has various useful government programs.

Conditions for providing a housing loan

Let’s say right away that not everyone can get a mortgage. The bank imposes certain requirements on borrowers and possible co-borrowers. Here is their main list:

1. Age. The potential borrower must be over 21 years of age on the date of application. The maximum age for such lending is 75 years. Moreover, 75 is at the time of full repayment of the loan, and not on the day the application is submitted.
2. Official employment or registration as an individual entrepreneur. As of the date of application, your work experience at your last place of employment must be at least six months. For an individual entrepreneur, it is advisable that your employment period be at least 2 years, otherwise there is a high probability of refusal. The same applies to those who are one of the owners of a larger business.
3. Documentary proof of income. For working citizens, this is a standard 2-NDFL certificate or in the form of a bank. For individual entrepreneurs and business owners - a tax return with a mandatory note that it has been accepted by the tax authority.

The requirements for citizenship here are obvious - exclusively from the Russian Federation. Moreover, the housing purchased under the program must also be located on Russian territory.

In the event that the solvency of the spouses is recognized as insufficient and their earnings are not sufficient to obtain the required loan amount, you can attract co-borrowers. These are the citizens who, together with you, will be responsible to the bank for the execution loan agreement. The earnings of co-borrowers are taken into account when calculating the loan amount.

Lending objects

You can submit documents to Sberbank not only for a mortgage on an apartment. By program housing lending you can purchase:

• cottage, residential building, townhouse;
• part of a house or apartment, which consists of one or more isolated rooms;
• country house or garden house;
• garage;
• land plot.

You can also purchase several related objects:

• a plot of land with a garden house located on it;
• a garage with a “piece” of land under it;
• cottage with land, etc.

In addition, the mortgage also provides for the construction of real estate. For example, if you want to buy land and build a house or a garage on it, or both at once.

We will look at the list of documents required for housing loans in detail a little later.

Basic programs for purchasing housing

Despite the variety of ways to use credit funds, most often citizens resort to housing loans specifically for the purchase of finished housing or housing under construction.

That is why Sberbank has mortgage programs that provide for the construction or purchase of finished residential premises. Their features are shown in the table below.

Package of documents for a mortgage

So, what documents are needed to apply for a mortgage at Sberbank? There are a lot of them, but this does not mean that you need to collect everything at once. At the first stage you need very little:

1. Questionnaire. The application form can be downloaded from the bank’s official website or picked up at any of its branches. But you don’t write loan applications every day, do you? Perhaps the bank has certain requirements for filling out the entire application or a separate section of it. The Internet won't tell you much about this, so the most the best option– take the application form from the loan specialist at the first consultation and ask all questions about its preparation.
2. Passport.
3. Employment information. You can confirm your employment with the following documents:
   • a copy of the work book certified by the employer, or a properly executed extract from it;
   • a copy of the employment contract;
   • a certificate from your place of employment indicating your position, start date and total length of service;
   • certificate of state registration you as an individual entrepreneur;
   • a lawyer's certificate or an order for appointment as a notary;
   • for business owners - a license to engage in a certain type of activity.
4. Documentary proof of your income:
   • certificate in form 2-NDFL or in bank form for individuals employed;
   • certificates of monthly receipt of pensions, various payments, compensations, any lifelong maintenance;
   • for individual entrepreneurs and owners of large businesses - tax returns with confirmation that the document was received by the tax authorities.

This is what concerns the basic income of any citizen. But some also have additional sources of cash income, from which you are going to pay for the requested loan. How to confirm the existence of such income? It’s very simple - an income declaration in form 3-NDFL with a tax authority’s mark of acceptance. In cases of receiving income from renting out property - a copy of the lease agreement and documents confirming your ownership of this property, with the same declaration attached.

Note! All these certificates are valid for 1 month. Therefore, first of all, request those that will be more difficult to obtain in your specific situation.

The documents mentioned above are needed to approve the transaction and at the first stage they are quite sufficient. After the bank makes a positive decision, you will still have time to choose suitable housing, if one has not already been made. In general, choosing an apartment (or house) and providing the bank with all necessary documents you will have 4 months.

Pledge documents

In mortgage lending, the purchased home is used as collateral. And first, What you need to provide to the bank is a residential purchase and sale agreement.

It is better to entrust the preparation of such an agreement to professionals. Real estate transactions are quite a serious thing in themselves, and there is also a mortgage involved. In addition, Sberbank imposes certain requirements on the agreement. In particular, it should state the following:

• the purchased property will be partially paid for using loan funds provided by Sberbank;
• the loan amount received for the purchase of housing;
• the housing will be pledged to the bank from the moment the certificate of ownership is issued in the name of the buyer.

The mortgage transaction involves not only the buyer of the residential space, but also its seller. Accordingly, the collection necessary information both sides will deal with it.

Documents provided by the seller

1. Certificate of state registration of property rights for the residential premises for sale.
2. A document that serves as the basis for the transfer of this type of real estate into ownership, which can be:
   • contract of sale;
   • agreements of gift or exchange;
   • certificate of inheritance;
   • certificate of privatization.
3. Extract from the Unified State Register rights to real estate and transactions with him in relation to the housing being sold. Such a document is ordered at the local representative office of Rosreestr or at the MFC. The statement is valid for 1 month, so it is recommended to order it as one of the last in the list of documents.
4. If the property being sold is in common shared ownership, you will need to provide notarial refusal other property participants from the pre-emptive right to purchase.
5. Consent of the seller's spouse to sell the home, notarized. Such consent must be provided only in cases where the other half has the right to legally claim a share in this property. If the residential premises were premarital property or were transferred to one of the spouses by inheritance or as a gift, then a notarized consent is not required. It is also not necessary if the spouses have a marriage contract that establishes a separate property regime.
6. Power of attorney to complete a transaction, if the seller entrusted these actions to a third party. Such a power of attorney must be certified by a notary.
7. Permission from guardianship authorities and guardianship for the sale of residential premises, if at least one of the shares of the real estate belongs to a minor citizen.

Documents provided by the buyer

1. Independent appraiser's report about the market value of the purchased property. You need to order an assessment only from an organization that is accredited by the bank, otherwise you will waste your money. A credit specialist will be happy to provide you with a list of such organizations. The period for preparing a report ranges from several days to a month, so it is better to start collecting a package of documents from there. Having ordered an assessment, you can calmly collect other documents while waiting for the appraiser’s report.
2. Availability document own funds. You know that when applying for a mortgage you need a down payment. To confirm that you have the required amount of money, you can provide a copy Passbook or a receipt from the seller stating that he has received an advance payment in the amount needed for the down payment.
3. If at the time of applying for a home loan the buyer is married, then you need to provide notarial consent spouse for the transfer of purchased housing as collateral bank or marriage contract, which establishes a regime of separate ownership of all property of the spouses.
4. If the buyer is not married, he will be required to provide a notarized statement that at the time of registration of ownership of the housing purchased with a mortgage, he was not married.
5. Permission received from the guardianship and trusteeship authorities, for the transfer of housing as collateral if one of the parties to the transaction is a minor.

Transferring property as collateral is a rather long process. Therefore, during the period of registration of such a transfer, the bank may require the provision of other security.

Depending on the type of property being pledged, a list of documents will be generated:

• when pledging transport – vehicle registration certificate, PTS, CASCO policy, report of an independent appraiser, consent of the other half;
• when pledging the rights of claims - documentary evidence of the existence of such rights and the consent of the spouse to transfer them as collateral;
• when pledging securities - the standard consent of the other half and documents certifying your right to own these securities;
• upon collateral precious metals– a certificate from the manufacturer and the same spousal consent;
• when mortgaging real estate - all documents that are provided by the buyer and seller to obtain a mortgage.

List of documents provided under special programs

Everything described above is a standard set of information required to obtain a home loan. But from the moment mortgages first started in our country, legislators have found many reasons and situations to change its conditions. This is how special subprograms were created, designed for certain categories of citizens. And each of these subprograms needs its own specific document.

When implementing a project under the “Young Family” program You will definitely be asked for a marriage certificate and birth or adoption certificates for all existing children. For a young family, an option is to calculate solvency taking into account the income of the parents. Therefore, provide additional documentation that can confirm your relationship.

For the program “Mortgage + maternity capital” a certificate of the right to receive family capital will be useful. In addition to the certificate itself, you will need to bring a certificate from the Pension Fund to the bank, which will indicate the balance of unspent funds maternity capital. This certificate has a limited validity period of 1 month, so do not rush to receive it right away.

Program " Military mortgage» associated with the provision of housing for military personnel. To participate in such a targeted program, you will need to provide a certificate stating your right to receive housing loan within the framework of the system for providing military personnel with housing.

Is a mortgage on two documents a reality?

In fact, this statement is slightly embellished. Hearing about 2 documents, people begin to think that there are only two of them. But here we're talking about on a simplified procedure for verifying the client’s solvency.

The package of documents that is provided in relation to the collateral remains the same. The same applies to information confirming the sufficiency of own funds and specific types of documents within the framework of special targeted programs.

This simplifies the first stage of applying for a home loan, and you will not need to confirm your income level and employment. To apply for a mortgage using 2 documents to Sberbank, you provide only your passport and any other identification document.

In such a situation, the banking institution faces additional risks, because the real solvency of the client remains a mystery to it. Trying to compensate a little possible losses, Sberbank changed the conditions regarding the housing lending program according to two documents. For example, the interest rate on such a mortgage starts at 13%, and the amount of the down payment has increased to 50%.

In addition, the maximum possible loan amount is limited here:

• 15 million rubles for the purchase of residential premises located in cities of federal significance (Moscow and St. Petersburg);
• 8 million rubles for housing in other regions.

However, for those who do not have enough to buy a home small amount, the difference in interest on the loan will not be very noticeable. However, less information needs to be provided.

Video: Pitfalls and main mistakes people make when taking out a mortgage

Total

Gathering for housing loan to the bank, do not rush to collect all the necessary documents at once. To approve a loan, the bank only needs a basic package of documents, which concerns your personal data, employment and earnings.

You will have time for everything else later, after the bank approves the transaction. In addition, many documents have an expiration date, after which you will have to collect everything again.

At the first consultation, provide the loan specialist with the information necessary at the first stage and find out all the points that interest you. When you first visit, ask a bank employee to calculate the approximate amount of monthly payments to assess your financial capabilities. Applying for a mortgage for the purchase of a private or country house has its own characteristics. It is more difficult to take out such a loan from a bank than to purchase an apartment. The home mortgage lending program accounts for a small share of loan portfolio jar. Why credit organizations

reluctant to provide a mortgage to purchase a home? What requirements do banks have for this type of housing? What are the main reasons for being rejected for a home mortgage?

Bank requirements for purchased houses and reasons for refusing a mortgage Housing purchased with a mortgage, as a rule, becomes the subject of collateral for the loan. Banks in mandatory

The foundation and supports made of concrete, load-bearing walls made of brick or stone guarantee greater durability of the house than a bulk foundation and walls made of wood. Consequently, such buildings are considered the most liquid. The following factors are important to evaluate a home:

Availability of communications, roads and access roads.

The degree of infrastructure development in the locality.

Territorial distance from major cities.

Purpose land plot, on which the house is located, and the existence of ownership of the land. The site must have settlement status and be intended for the construction of individual residential facilities.

The bank makes a decision to issue a mortgage subject to compliance with all of the above requirements, which are difficult for the borrower to satisfy in full. In the secondary housing market it is possible to purchase a house with a mortgage, but in the primary market it is very difficult. The bank needs to conduct a thorough analysis of legal and construction risks, and as the bank’s risks increase, the borrower is usually denied a mortgage for a house. If problems arise with repaying the loan, the collateral subject to sale. Selling a private or country house is more difficult than selling an apartment in a multi-storey building. The demand for such buildings is insignificant.

When deciding to buy a home, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the terms and conditions of mortgages on the official websites of different banks. Mortgage loan calculator, available on all sites, will help you independently calculate the repayment terms of your home loan, set the monthly payment amount, choose the optimal loan terms and interest rate on loan.

What documents are needed to apply for a mortgage on a house?

To obtain a mortgage loan, the borrower must provide the bank with documents confirming his income and solvency (form 2-NDFL certificate, copy of work record book, etc.), and an identification document - passport. Additionally, a package of documents for the purchased property is provided:

• registration certificate for the house;
• BTI certificate on inventory value;
• cadastral site plan and building passport;
• title documents;
• report of an independent expert on the assessment of the loan object.

Depending on the requirements and conditions of the selected bank, the list of required documents may be supplemented.

What should you know when applying for a mortgage on a home?

The mortgage lending program for the purchase of a house provides an interest rate that is 2-3% higher than the program for the purchase of an apartment. The average annual interest rate in the mortgage market when buying a home varies from 12% to 15%. In addition, the amount of the down payment is 40-60% of the total collateral value of the building. Maximum term lending when buying a house with a mortgage - up to 30 years. As collateral, the borrower can provide the bank with real estate they already own or a house purchased with a mortgage. The number of co-borrowers under a home mortgage agreement is limited - no more than 3 people, including the borrower.

The borrower can calculate the mortgage at the bank where you plan to take out a loan for a house and draw up an approximate payment schedule depending on your income level in advance. The main banks that finance mortgages for the purchase of a home include Alfa-Bank, Bank of Moscow, Bank Vozrozhdenie, Nordea-Bank, Sberbank and UniCredit. Credit calculator mortgages are available on all official websites of the listed banks.

An online application for a mortgage loan can be submitted to several banks at once. This will allow you to select best conditions lending, save time and costs on registration, and also increase the chances of receiving a positive decision on issuing a loan.

A mortgage is the fastest and easiest way to purchase personal housing for many families in Russia. A stable income, a positive credit history and compliance with bank requirements are the main conditions for mortgage lending without problems or refusal. Next, we’ll take a closer look at what you need to take out a mortgage in 2019.

Requirements for the borrower

Mortgages from banks Russian Federation in the vast majority of cases can only be obtained by a citizen of the country, although some commercial financial and credit organizations are ready to provide foreigners with this opportunity. The registration of the borrower in the bank's region is of great importance.

Sberbank and any other commercial Bank does not issue mortgage loans to persons under 21 years of age, the maximum age for obtaining a loan is 55 years for women, 60-65 years for men. The greatest weight in making a positive decision regarding a borrower is his stable income.

Stable income

The most important criterion, the confirmation of which means for the bank that the borrower has enough income to repay regular payments on time. What features are clear advantages in the eyes of the bank:

• Official work on the basis of an employment contract.
• Seniority at the same and last place of work for 1-3 years. In order to take out a mortgage, you need to work in your last job for at least six months, but long work experience and the absence of “runaways” significantly increase the chances of a positive answer.
• Being married provided that the spouse works.
• Higher education.

How much do you need to earn to get a mortgage loan? Minimum size monthly salary should be twice the amount of upcoming payments. Some loan programs offer more favorable conditions and take into account total income all family members, for example, programs for young families evaluate the joint income of newlyweds and their parents, who are needed as guarantors.

Credit history

A credit history assessment is an important step that is carried out by the bank to respond to a mortgage application. A positive credit history significantly increases the borrower’s chances of getting a loan, which cannot be said about a negative assessment. In addition, the bank may refuse to issue a loan to those persons who do not have a credit history.

Note! You shouldn’t be upset about small delays in past payments; in many cases, banks accommodate the client halfway; moreover, the borrower can justify himself by presenting to the new lender evidence of his innocence in late payments - a valid reason could be forced dismissal from work as a result of layoffs or illness .

Liquid collateral real estate

What do you need to know about mortgages when applying for a loan secured by real estate? As collateral, credit institutions prefer apartments in good condition; they should not be located in old ones, much less emergency houses, as well as in houses that are historical and architectural monuments. Houses standing on empty plots of land are considered liquid collateral real estate.

Is a property appraisal required as collateral? Definitely needed The liquidity assessment determines the speed of sale and the value of the property, therefore the report indicates not only the collateral value of the apartment, but also the market price.

Procedure

The very first steps are to assess your financial capabilities, choose a specific bank, and determine the requirements for a new home. Next, you should familiarize yourself in detail with the terms of the mortgage loan.

Credit application

The loan application is filled out at the bank office, the borrower must first take care of providing it along with the application for mortgage loan the necessary package of documents, the basis of which is personal documents, as well as official papers confirming the income of the future payer and confirming the ownership of the pledged object.

Many banks are considering loan application on a paid basis, the result of the decision made is announced to the borrower after a few days, in rare cases weeks. The bank provides the credited person with a form containing the conditions mortgage agreement, validity this decision. The bank’s positive decision lasts for 3-6 months, so you need to use it during this period.

Choosing housing and its design

A mortgage loan cools the borrower's ardor, a loan narrows the boundaries of choice - not every seller agrees to sell real estate on the basis of a mortgage. Large companies— developers offer their clients mortgage terms, however, they prefer to cooperate with selected banks. Banks, on the contrary, will refuse to issue a loan for the purchase of housing from construction company

with a dubious reputation.

Having chosen the best option, the borrower enters into a loan agreement with the seller. The contract obliges the buyer to pledge the purchased property to the bank within a few weeks after the transaction is concluded.

Home insurance After purchasing a home and receiving documents on ownership, the borrower must complete next condition , but not the bank, but the mortgage law.

The owner must insure the property against damage and risk of loss.

The policy of the insurance company is that the assessment of the object depends on the degree of probability of the occurrence of possible risks. The insurer can either increase the amount of premiums, having considered all the details relating to the home, or refuse to insure it at all. Beneficiary of insurance collateral real estate

The bank itself acts, that is, all insurance payments of the client are intended for it. Note! Except compulsory insurance immovable object

, the bank can persistently offer the client life insurance and ownership of collateral housing. Such actions are not legal.

Transfer of housing as collateral to the bank The last stage is the execution of a pledge agreement in the form of the bank. The agreement is registered on state level

, comes into force only after registration. Rosreestr makes a note in the database about encumbering an apartment or private house with collateral.

Required documents

The collection of necessary documentation begins with documents confirming the identity of the borrower; this category includes:

• Passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation.
• The second document to choose from is a passport, driver's license, military ID, pension certificate, TIN, spouse’s passport, and so on.

Although many mortgage programs are designed for people over 21 years old, in fact, banks are in no hurry to issue amounts of this size to persons under 25 years of age; young people who have not served in the army may also not receive the bank’s trust.

To apply for a mortgage, you must provide the bank with documents confirming your solvency:

• A copy of the work record, certified by the employer.
• A copy of the employment contract.
• Correction of the borrower's income in form 2-NDFL, alternatively - a certificate in the form of the bank.
• A copy of the tax return in form 3-NDFL, if the client Last year had additional income, not related to wages.
• Copies of the certificate of ownership of expensive property or securities, if the client is the owner of movable and immovable objects.
• Documents confirming that the borrower has deposits and additional accounts in Russian banks.
• Bank account statement form.
• A certificate with account details based on a bank example.

In some cases, the lender bank may require the borrower to provide a list additional documents and information. What certificates are required by the bank:

• Certificate of registration in form No. 9.
• Copies of passports of relatives living with the client in the same living space.
• Copies of pension certificates and a certificate from the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation on the amount of pension, if there are pensioners in the family.
• Certificates about the client’s health status from drug treatment and psychoneurological dispensaries.
• Documents confirming credit history borrower, if the client has already taken out loans in the past.
• Characteristics from the place of work.

For an individual entrepreneur

Design mortgage It is somewhat more difficult for an individual entrepreneur than for an individual. To ensure that there are no problems with obtaining a loan to purchase housing, The individual entrepreneur must submit a package of documents to the bank, which includes official papers such as:

• Single tax return for the last year entrepreneurial activity if the individual entrepreneur operates under a simplified taxation system. If single tax is paid on UTII - imputed income, then the bank will require tax return over the past two years.
• Tax returns by personal income tax form for the last taxable period, if the individual entrepreneur works according to general regime taxation.
• Extract from the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs.
• TIN and OGRN.
• A copy of the license, provided that the entrepreneur conducts activities that are subject to mandatory licensing.

Documents for the purchased property

The borrower must provide the bank not only with personal documents and documents confirming the existence of stable income, but also papers for the purchased property, be it an apartment, a private house or participation in shared construction.

What is needed for a mortgage on an apartment, the main requirements of financial and credit organizations:

• Documents confirming ownership. These include contracts of purchase and sale, donation, privatization, and inheritance.
• A certificate stating that no one is registered or living in the purchased apartment. The certificate can be obtained from the Housing Office or the passport office. Please note that the document has certain period actions.
• A copy of the cadastral passport of the apartment. You can obtain the document from the BTI.
• Documentation former owners real estate.

Note! If the sale of an apartment to a borrower affects the interests of minor children, then permission from the guardianship authorities will be required.

The documents for the house being purchased under the mortgage lending program are similar to the package of official papers for an apartment.

• In addition to the above, the borrower undertakes to provide the bank with the following documents:
• A copy of the technical passport.
• Cadastral passport of the plot.
• Extract from the real estate cadastre for the house.
• Extract from the Unified State Register.

Results of independent assessment. If the borrower applies for a mortgage loan to participate in shared construction

• , the package of documents will include:
• Agreement on participation in shared construction. For a positive decision, the developer must have accreditation from this bank. Sales documents legal entity

property to the bank client, containing information about the cost of the acquired share and its technical characteristics.

If the bank has not previously cooperated with the developer, the borrower must provide documents for the construction company: constituent papers, registration certificate, tax registration certificate, documents confirming the developer’s rights to sell the real estate.

For participants of special programs Many bathhouses offer their clients participation in special mortgage programs

ah with loyal conditions. The most common are the Maternity Capital and Military Mortgage programs.

To participate in the Maternity Capital mortgage program, the borrower provides the bank with the usual package of documents, attaching a certificate for receiving maternity capital.

Some constituent entities of the Russian Federation take part in this program and provide families with similar support at the birth of their second and subsequent children.

Regional certificates for receiving money for maternity capital should also be attached to other documents.

For military mortgage

Participants in the Military Mortgage program provide the bank with a standard set of documents, complement it:

• A copy of a document confirming the borrower’s membership in the Accumulative - mortgage system(NIS) and its right to receive a loan.
• Detailed borrower profile.
• Consent of the second spouse to purchase real estate with a mortgage.

Mortgage under two documents

Some banks offer a mortgage loan with just two documents - passport and a second one of the borrower’s choice. In most cases, attractive conditions are available only to participants salary projects, since the bank already has sufficient information about the income of such clients, financial stability and the reliability of the company for which the borrower works.

Obtaining a mortgage is a labor-intensive and lengthy process, but with the correct submission of documents and the subsequent decision of the bank in favor of the borrower, the acquisition of residential real estate becomes a resolved issue.

Video: How to avoid mistakes when taking out a mortgage

Video: Personal experience - is it worth taking out a mortgage?

Last updated February 2019

Buying an apartment through a mortgage is a responsible and important decision in the life of every person. Therefore, a potential borrower first needs to assess his own financial capabilities. The following should be taken into account:

• A feasible amount of monthly payments (as a rule, it is no more than half of the income received);
• Cost of the apartment;
• The amount of the down payment (usually 30% or more of the cost of housing);
• Type of apartment and proposed area of ​​its location.

The instructions for purchasing an apartment with a mortgage require the following procedures.

Choosing a bank and mortgage program

Before taking out a mortgage to purchase an apartment, it is necessary to analyze the conditions and offers in various banks. Determining indicators when choosing optimal option are:

• Mortgage loan amount;
• The interest rate, as a rule, varies from 11 to 15% per annum, and depends on the bank and the desired amount;
• Encumbrances (conditions for issuance and support);
• Loan currency;
• Security conditions (including guarantee requirements);
• Payment terms;
• Insurance conditions (including the mortgaged property);
• There are penalties for early repayment.

Having selected several suitable banks and mortgage programs, you need to carefully study the intricacies of the mortgage product based on the advice received as a result of the call or visit.

It must also be remembered that many banking institutions impose requirements and restrictions on prospective borrowers, namely:

• Permanent registration in the territory determined by the bank;
• A certain length of service at the current place of work (total work experience of at least 1 year, in the last place more than 4-6 months);
• Positive credit history;
• No criminal record;
• No other parallel loans;
• Legal capacity;
• Age limit (minimum age 21 years, maximum is determined by the moment of loan repayment, by this year the borrower should be no more than 65-75 years old)
• If co-borrowers are involved, then no more than 3 people, degree of relationship - spouses, brothers, parents, third parties;
• If the borrower is a man under 27 years old without a military ID, he will be denied a loan. That is, a person liable for military service who has not completed military service, has a deferment (for example, in connection with study), etc. cannot be a borrower (with the exception of military personnel, in reserve).

By submitting applications simultaneously to several banks, You can find out the specific mortgage conditions and the procedure for purchasing an apartment in each of them. Once your application is approved, you must begin choosing a suitable apartment. This procedure usually takes 2–3 months.

Information on preliminary conditions for mortgage lending is presented on the official websites of banks.

The mortgage application approval period is from 5 to 10 working days. In the meantime, all submitted documents are carefully checked, so you need to start looking for housing only after the firm consent of the credit institution.

Important: the bank can refuse to issue a loan and conclude an agreement only if it is clear from the submitted documents that the potential borrower is not able to repay the loan and interest based on its financial opportunities. Other reasons for refusal are illegal and can be appealed to the court.

Property selection

When choosing real estate, you should take into account the bank's requirements for the mortgaged property. Usually:

An apartment on the secondary market must:

A residential building or cottage must:

• Be located in an area defined by the mortgage program;
• Have a year-round access road;
• Suitable for year-round use:
• Comply with plumbing standards (have heating, sewerage and water supply systems);
• Complete the appropriate cadastral registration.

To select real estate in new buildings, banking institutions, as a rule, offer properties from the database of developers who have passed official accreditation. For this purpose there are special programs, including government ones to support mortgage lending for the primary housing market.

Example: DeltaCredit Bank offers loans under the Mortgage with State Support program at 12% per annum. Clients can take advantage of benefits under the conditions approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

If the borrower independently selects an apartment on the primary market, then banks usually impose the following requirements on developers:

• Duration on the housing construction market – more than five years;
• Compliance with estimated financial stability standards according to Federal law 214-FZ;
• No delays (more than a year) in the completion of construction and commissioning of facilities during previous years;
• Availability of single-site and mass development objects (two or more) put into operation;
• Failure to initiate bankruptcy proceedings or liquidation decisions;
• Other requirements.

For getting professional help When choosing real estate and being confident in the legal purity of transactions, banks offer to use the services of real estate agencies that are their partners. To do this, they provide clients with appropriate partner databases.

Property valuation

For the timely fulfillment of obligations under the contract, the terms of the mortgage determine the provision of liquid collateral, which most often serves as the purchased property. Market price collateral property is the starting point for determining the amount of a mortgage loan, and therefore the assessment of collateral is an important indicator in the lending process.

Most banks, in order to conduct a reliable assessment of loan collateral, offer to use the services of appraisal organizations from among their partners. At the same time, they do not limit borrowers in their choice, however, if the assessment report is provided by an organization that has negative experience working with the bank, the latter has the right to initiate an additional inspection.

Also, if it is discovered that the assessments provided are unreliable or that legal requirements in the area of ​​assessment have been violated, banking institutions have the right to send reasoned complaints to regulatory organizations (SROO). Therefore, experts recommend using the services of partner appraisers.

The appraisal certificate is provided to the lending bank.

List of documents and submitting an application to the bank

In most banks, the documents provided for purchasing an apartment with a mortgage are:

• Application form for a mortgage loan, you can apply for it online on the bank’s website;
• By client, photocopies of the following documents:
  • Photocopy of passport;
  • Certificate of income in the form of a specific banking institution or 2-NDFL;
  • A certified copy of the work record;
  • SNILS - insurance certificate state pension insurance
  • Military ID for males of military age;
  • Education documents (certificates, diplomas, etc.);
  • Marriage/divorce certificates and marriage contract (if available);
  • Birth certificates of children;
  • Certificate of registration in tax authority of an individual at the place of residence on the territory of the Russian Federation (on assignment identification number taxpayer (TIN);
  • Documents on the client’s existing debt obligations (or previously fulfilled);
• For real estate:

• • Title documents (agreements, acts, etc.);
  • Technical documentation ( cadastral passport or registration certificate);
  • Photocopies of real estate sellers' passports.

Documents about other regular income and marital status may also be requested.

Example: A married couple applied to the bank to obtain a mortgage for 2,500,000 rubles, both work (shared monthly income 50 thousand rubles), no children, age 30 years. We were refused by the bank because our income did not allow us to apply for a loan - living wage for each is 15,000 rubles. Exit: take a smaller amount - 1,500,000, or look for an additional co-borrower, not of retirement age, with wages at least 25,000 per month.

If the object of collateral is registered with legally capable adults who are not borrowers, banks ask them to additionally provide signed and notarized statements indicating their awareness that:

• The apartment in which they live is transferred as collateral;
• In case of failure to fulfill the obligations specified in the mortgage agreement, the apartment will be foreclosed upon, up to and including the eviction of the applicants.

If persons who are not close relatives of the pledgor are registered in the object of collateral, banks additionally require an explanation of the need to register these persons in this object and documentary evidence of the existence of property of these persons, where they can be registered.

Important: As a rule, banks do not accept minors and/or incapacitated persons among the owners of real estate transferred as collateral.

Conclusion of a loan agreement

Before signing a loan agreement for the purchase of an apartment, you need to carefully study it. You should pay close attention to all encumbrances and potential costs, especially hidden interest, for which it is recommended to translate them into figures.

As a rule, hidden interest consists of various fees (for cash withdrawal, account maintenance, etc.) and required deposits, determined as a percentage of the mortgage loan amount.

Example: When receiving a mortgage loan of 1 million rubles at a rate of 10% per annum, annual payments without hidden interest will be 100 thousand rubles (1 million * 10%). Charging a cash withdrawal fee of 2.8% alone would result in the interest rate rising to 12.8% and additional payments in the amount of 28 thousand rubles (1 million * 2.8%).

Important: By Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation No. 8274/09 dated November 17, 2009, banks are prohibited from charging a commission for opening and maintaining a loan account.

If the bank imposes fees, making them mandatory for obtaining a loan, then it must indicate these encumbrances in the agreement and when disclosing the effective interest rate. Going through the stages of purchase, when signing an agreement, it is necessary to require the bank to disclose related costs in order to determine the real cost of the mortgage.

You should also pay attention to the conditions for changing the interest rate. Many banks provide this option in unilaterally without the borrower's consent. This is fraught with the fact that under certain economic situations The bank may increase the interest rate and the loan will become unbearable for the client. Therefore, you should strive to include conditions in the loan agreement that provide for changes in interest or loan repayment amounts only by mutual agreement of the parties.

Another important condition is the ability to repay the loan early. This is provided by law. However, banks use a trick and condition this right with additional payments.
Eg, the loan agreement may provide that in the event early repayment loan, the borrower pays the bank lump sum payment in the amount of 1% of the returned amount in excess of the early repaid loan.

Registration of a transaction with the seller and transfer of money

The next step in the purchase procedure, after concluding a loan agreement, will be to receive funds and purchase the selected property. The transfer of money is the key point of the transaction. As soon as the money is in the hands of the buyer, you can begin to draw up an *apartment purchase agreement*. The relationship between the parties is reflected in the purchase and sale agreement, the important conditions of which are the value of the property and the payment procedure. The payment procedure can be carried out:

• Cash payment (in hand);
• By non-cash payment (transfer to the seller’s account);
• Through a safe deposit box.

Often banks issue a loan on the terms of the initial registration of a real estate purchase and sale transaction and mortgage, and only after that they issue borrowed funds. In such cases, the acquisition of real estate is carried out in the following stages:

• the buyer informs the seller about the concluded loan agreement and agrees to complete the transaction with the condition of deferred payment
• pays an advance to the seller from his own funds
• the transaction and mortgage are registered
• Certificates of the concluded transaction and registration of the mortgage are provided to the bank, on the basis of which money is issued
• final payment is made to the seller

As a rule, sellers agree to such conditions, since after registering a mortgage, the bank issues credit funds in the coming working days. And the purchase and sale without payment guarantees the seller a deposit by force of law. So the seller has no risks.

The purchase transaction and registration of the apartment is carried out in Federal service state registration, cadastre and cartography (Rosreestr). When concluding it, it is important to reach agreement on all important conditions, which will not allow this deal to fail.

Insurance and mortgage transfer

To conclude a mortgage agreement, it is necessary to undergo the procedure of compulsory insurance of the collateral real estate against the risks of damage and loss. This procedure is provided for by the mortgage law.

Banks often require insurance on the borrower's life or other risks. The decision to sign an agreement with additional types of insurance is the decision of the borrower, because it leads to an increase in loan payments (hidden interest).

Next comes the process of drawing up a mortgage and mortgage agreement. The mortgage agreement is registered in Rosreestr, which will not allow the borrower to perform any actions with the property without the consent of the bank, the holder of the mortgage. The mortgage remains with the banking institution and allows it to resell the right of claim under the pledge agreement.

Methods for collecting overdue loans

Overdue loans have a negative impact on the activities of any financial organization, up to its viability. In this regard, banks will improve the process of working with problem loans.

Work with debtors proceeds through constructive dialogue. If it is determined that the borrower’s financial difficulties are urgent, banks proceed to restructure the loan by:

• Changes to the payment schedule;
• Loan extensions;
• Changes in interest rate.

If loan underwriting has identified problems with the borrower’s solvency, the bank sends him notices demanding repayment of the debt and negotiates with him. During the negotiations, the consequences of non-payment of the debt are explained, up to the possibility of transferring the case to the courts (forcibly collecting the debt).

It is worth noting that evasion of debt payment is a criminal offense. Therefore, it is necessary to use all opportunities to pay off the debt under the loan agreement, and preferably on a voluntary basis.

What to do if you don’t have money to continue paying your mortgage loan

All sorts of nuances should be taken into account, for example, loss of a job, deterioration in health, etc. If a payment is late, bank employees begin calling the debtor by phone and reminding them to pay the debt. If there is no response to this, the bank sends a postal notice about urgent payment of the existing debt within 10 days. If there is no reaction to this, the mortgagor has the right to go to court, where a decision will be made on early collection of the entire remaining loan amount and interest, and on the sale of the apartment at auction.
The apartment is sold at auction at a collateral value, which is usually less than the market value. Therefore, when concluding a mortgage agreement, you should pay attention to the size of the collateral value and try to bring it closer to the market level.

In this case, after the sale of the apartment, the debtor will receive only the amounts paid by him on the main loan minus %, also minus the fine imposed by the bank, and then provided that there is money left over from the sale of the apartment.

Example: The client was issued a loan to purchase an apartment in the amount of 3,000,000 rubles. Over 2 years, 500,000 rubles were returned to the bank, including interest. At the time of collection, the debt to the bank in court is 2,700,000 rubles. (loan balance + interest due). Collateral value the apartment was 2,300,000 rubles, but was actually sold at auction for 2,000,000 rubles. As a result, the borrower owes the bank another 700,000 rubles (this balance is covered by the insurance amount).
That is, the debtor remains in the red - he loses the apartment and the amount of interest paid, and pays a penalty to the bank, which amounts to impressive amounts. The remaining funds go to pay off legal and other costs, and to the bank (to repay a previously issued loan).

But since the process of foreclosure on an apartment is quite lengthy, during this time it is advisable to find a job and pay off debts:

• If the debtor, before the trial or even during the trial, finds a job, etc., and pays off his current debt, a peaceful settlement of the disagreement is possible, since it is also not profitable for banks to get involved with the sale of the apartment.
• If the case goes to court, the debtor can fight to reduce the amount of the penalty (under certain conditions it can be reduced).

If you have questions about the topic of the article, please do not hesitate to ask them in the comments. We will definitely answer all your questions within a few days. However, carefully read all the questions and answers to the article; if there is a detailed answer to such a question, then your question will not be published.

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