In what year was the last census taken? Population census in Russia

Census list of the All-Union Population Census of 1989 (continuous census)

Information leaflet on the 1989 All-Union Population Census

Population census in Russia- collection, generalization, study and dissemination of demographic, economic and social data relating as of a certain time to all persons in Russia and on the territory of its former state entities.

Census history

Accounting for the population in the XIII-XVI centuries. Scribe books

Quite a few documents have been preserved that make it possible to recreate the atmosphere in which the censuses were carried out, to outline the portraits of the census takers, and to find out the attitude of the population towards the censuses. According to them, one can imagine how the population was counted in Russia in the 17th century.

The census was carried out primarily by scribes and clerks who served in the Moscow orders - central authorities responsible for one or another area of ​​state affairs. The most senior scribes held important administrative positions, the duty of the rest was to draw up numerous orders of papers.

“The state of the nobility,” wrote academician M.N. Tikhomirov, “relied to a large extent on this prikaz company, which, I must say, was bitterly hated by the population. century, even in royal documents, it was called "Moscow red tape" ... Clerks were often ruined during uprisings, sometimes they died. Since the 17th century, they had a very poetic name - "nettle seed" (Tikhomirov M.N. Russian state of the XV-XVII centuries. M., 1973).

To conduct a census in a particular county, a scribe and several of his assistants were sent there - clerks, who were divided into "old" (senior) and young. The work of a scribe was difficult, requiring special knowledge. The trip was expected to be long, and serious preparations were made for it.

First of all, the scribe was supplied with a mandate - instructions on how to conduct a census. In addition, he was given "seasoning books" - copies of materials from previous descriptions of the area to which the scribe was sent. During the 1678 census, for example, census books of 1646 were used as "seasoning" books. It is clear that the "seasoning books" were of great help to the scribe - they were both a kind of guide to the area, and a model for compiling new books, and, finally, a means of comparing the results obtained with data from past years, and, therefore, a control tool.

The census took into account three categories of the population: cash, settled (permanent) and assigned. The development was carried out mainly on the available population.

Three forms of census forms were used: form A (for peasant farms in rural communities), form B (for owner-occupied households and private houses and yards within villages), form C (for urban residents).

The census program included 14 features: attitude towards the head of household and the head of his family; age; floor; marital status; estate; status or rank; Place of Birth; place of registration; place of permanent residence; a note of absence or temporary residence; religion; native language; literacy and learning; occupation, craft, craft, position or service (with the allocation of the main and secondary occupations and the position of military service); physical handicaps were noted.

The writer A.P. Chekhov was directly involved in the conduct of this census - he led a group of counters in the Serpukhov district of the Moscow province.

The results were published in two volumes of the General Compendium of the Empire of the Results of the Development of the General Census of the Population Taken on January 28, 1897. and separate volumes on provinces, regions, four cities (St. Petersburg, Moscow, Odessa, Warsaw) and Sakhalin Island. The publication lasted until 1905.

All-Russian population census of 1920

The census was carried out before the creation of the USSR, within the borders of Soviet Russia. The population census was conducted under the leadership of V. G. Mikhailovsky as of August 28, 1920, simultaneously with the All-Russian Agricultural Census (September-October 1920) and a brief accounting of enterprises. Due to the territorial non-representation (excluding Crimea, the Far East, the mountainous regions of the North Caucasus and a number of other areas where Soviet power was not established and hostilities continued), the census is not considered universal.

The census took into account the actual population, and in the cities also the permanent population. A personal sheet was used as the main form. In urban settlements, an apartment card and a household list were also used. IN countryside the settled list of households was used.

The census program included 18 items (special emphasis was placed on the study of occupations and professional composition): gender; age; nationality; native language; citizenship (for foreigners); Place of Birth; length of residence at the census site; marital status; literacy; education; occupation (main and secondary); position in the fishery; place of work; profession; source of livelihood; physical handicaps; mental health; participation in wars. Accounts were taken of employment in agriculture, the impact of the war on it, the ability to work in one's profession and to work in general.

The first All-Union population census was carried out as of December 17 under the leadership of V. G. Mikhailovsky and O. A. Kvitkin.

During the census, the actual population was taken into account (according to personal sheets), and in the cities, the family card made it possible to obtain information on the permanent population.

Three forms were used: a personal sheet, a family card (only in cities) and a possession sheet.

The census program included 14 items: gender; age; nationality; native language; Place of Birth; length of residence at the census site; marital status; literacy; physical handicaps; mental health; occupation (with the allocation of the main and secondary); position in occupation and branch of labor; for the unemployed - duration of unemployment and previous occupation; source of livelihood (for those who have no occupation). The family map took into account the composition of the family with the allocation of married couples and their children, the duration of the marriage and housing conditions.

The actual population was taken into account during the census.

For the first time, a list form for 8 people was used as the main form, which was filled out for an apartment.

The census program included 14 items: gender; age; nationality; native language; religion; citizenship; literacy; title educational institution; class or course; whether he graduated from high school or high school; occupation (service); place of work; community group; whether he is married.

It should be noted that during this census, many deviations from the original project were made (it was supposed to take into account the permanent population, use 28 characteristics) and simplifications in the wording of the questions.

The census data did not meet the expectations of the party leadership, and therefore the information contained in it was classified. In particular, the population was 164 million, while it was assumed 170-172 million. Moreover, it was officially announced back in 1934 that the population in the USSR was 168 million. The answer to the question about religion (personally inserted in the census by Stalin). 50% of the population called themselves believers, of the villagers - 70%. The surviving preliminary census results for a number of indicators were published only in.

All-Union population census of 1939

The population of the country amounted to 170.6 million people, including urban - 56.1 million (33%). The development of the main preliminary census materials was mechanized and carried out within a period of 15 months. The outbreak of war prevented the final processing of the census materials. The incomplete development of a number of indicators was completed after the war. It is precisely the first (pre-war) preliminary census results that are most often found in the press, which differ in a number of indicators from those that were published after the war in 1947-49.

Census type: survey.

Items in the complete census questionnaire: attitude towards the head of the family, gender, reason and time of absence from the place of the census (for those temporarily absent from their permanent place of residence), age, marital status, nationality, citizenship (for foreigners), native language, another language of the peoples of the USSR, which the respondent is fluent in, education, type of educational institution (for students), source of livelihood.

Items on the sample census questionnaire: place of work, occupation at this place of work, social group, duration of continuous residence in the census place, number of children born (for women).

All-Union population census of 1989

The last census in the USSR was conducted on January 12, 1989. According to the last census, the population of the Soviet Union was 286.7 million people, including urban population- 188.8 million people, or 66 percent. The population of the RSFSR was 147.4 million people. Its distinctive feature was that for the first time, along with information about the population, information was collected about living conditions. This made it possible to obtain information about the housing conditions of various socio-demographic groups of the population in all regions of the country, about the development of housing cooperation, about the degree to which people are provided with housing and its improvement.

Passed from 14 to 25 October

All-Russian population census 2020

The next population census in Russia is scheduled for 2020. In June 2017, Rosstat announced that, according to preliminary estimates, 50 billion rubles would be required for its implementation. Supervisor Federal Service state statistics Alexander Surinov said that no serious changes would be made to the 2010 census form, but questions would be added that would allow an objective assessment of migration, including labor migration.

A pilot census will be conducted from 1 to 31 October 2018. All-Russian population census - from October 1 to October 31, 2020. The trial population census in 2018 covered about 550 thousand people.

The most important wealth of any state is people, and any wealth must be taken into account. Therefore, the population census is a record of the resources available to the country. Let's talk about who was the first to enumerate people, what are the principles and methods of conducting censuses, what is their history and future in Russia.

Census Concept

Each specific territory depends on its inhabitants. They provide her income, but also require corresponding expenses. In order to competently plan the economic support of a country, region, city, you need to know how many people live in them. For this, there is a census, a specially organized procedure for recording the number of inhabitants. The census also reveals quality characteristics population, which is important for the management of the infrastructure and activities of the region.

History of censuses in the world

Many ancient empires conducted the first censuses in order to levy taxes on the inhabitants, as well as to plan military conscription. Rulers need to know the amount of projected financial income from each person, and for this, first of all, calculations were made of the male population. Heads of families were taxed, as well as only men were called up to the army, so it was precisely the calculation of the number of individuals of the stronger sex that was the main thing during the first censuses. In ancient Rome, censuses were made regular, sometimes “research” was carried out there at a broader level: coins of different denominations were collected from each inhabitant of the country, depending on gender and age. Counting the collected coins made it possible to draw conclusions about the qualitative characteristics of the population. In the Middle Ages, the tradition of recording in scribe books the number of taxes collected from certain people continued. But the accumulated knowledge about the number of inhabitants was quite scarce. For rulers in those days, it was important to know only the number of households. With growth industrial production and the detachment of people from peasant farms, more detailed information on the size and characteristics of the population became in demand. Censuses are becoming more regular and with greater coverage. The development of statistics and sociology leads to the fact that in the 19th century censuses begin to be conducted on a scientific basis. The first census of the new type is the Belgian census of 1846. It covered the entire population of the country. Gradually, this experience spread to all countries. Today, there is not a single country left in the world where a census has not been conducted at least once.

History of censuses in Russia

In the 9th-10th centuries, the Russian princes also kept a record of the inhabitants by collecting taxes. In the 13th century, the Mongols, who seized Russian lands, were the initiators of household accounting in order to calculate the amount of taxes they levied on the occupied territories. After the unification of the Russian principalities around Moscow, the practice of keeping scribe books was introduced, in which the number of people, villages, and cities was recorded. Then taxes were taken depending on the size of the land owned by the farm. Later, a household tax was introduced, each household was recorded in special books. Regular censuses in Russia begin in the 17th century, they are held about once every 30 years. Under Peter the Great, a procedure for conducting state audits was introduced, during which the number of men in the country was counted every 20 years. The census of the population over the years has become a common practice, it made it possible to make some kind of forecasts, to identify patterns. These estimates were not accurate, since they were based on fixing only those residents who were assigned to taxes. The people were afraid of such revisions, as they were accompanied by forcible detention of people at the place of "propiska", also many did not want to pay taxes and tried to avoid the census in order not to pay them. After the abolition of serfdom, attempts were made to count the inhabitants of the country, but it was not possible to collect accurate information. The first general census, in which women and children were counted, took place only in 1897. This census was carried out immediately on three grounds and made it possible to most fully estimate the population. People were not only counted, but also classified into different categories, asking 14 different questions. Processing the census data and publishing the results took several years.

After the revolution, the new authorities also decided to conduct a census, realizing its importance for the state. In 1920, it was decided to conduct simultaneously a population census, an agricultural census and a register of enterprises. Since military operations were still going on in some territories, the census was not recognized as universal. To conduct it, a questionnaire with 18 features was used, the education and occupation of citizens were of particular interest to the new government. As the territories were liberated, additional surveys were conducted, and the final results were presented in 1921, according to which it turned out that 136.6 million people live in the country, of which 15% are in cities, that is, Russia was an absolutely agrarian state.

In subsequent years, population censuses in Russia were carried out at intervals of approximately 10 years. In 1937, another "roll call" of the people was held. And it turned out that, contrary to the expectations of the party, the population had fallen and, apparently, significantly, because the results were classified. And in 1939 a new census was carried out. Later, the procedures for counting the number of inhabitants in the country ceased to attach great importance, and censuses began to be carried out less frequently. In total, during the existence of the USSR, 7 censuses were carried out, the last - in 1989, according to which 286.7 million people lived in the country.

Censuses of new Russia

With the collapse of the USSR, the new country had many problems, in particular, of an economic nature, and the government simply did not get around to counting the number of inhabitants. The first census took place in 2002, which showed that 145 million people live in Russia. The next population census in 2010 was more carefully prepared and made it possible to identify not only the number of inhabitants, but also the qualitative characteristics of the population. According to these calculations, 142 million people live in Russia. In 2014, after the annexation of Crimea, a local census was conducted in the new territories, which showed that the country's population increased by 2.2 million people.

Goals and objectives of censuses

The population census is a complex and costly procedure, why is it needed? The main purpose of the census is to obtain generalized holistic data on the demographic, economic and social characteristics of the population. Regular surveys of the population make it possible to identify the dynamics of demographic indicators, to determine the level and quality of life of people. Based on these data, the government makes decisions in the field social policy, builds economic forecasts and forms plans for the development of the country. For these purposes, both general and partial surveys, for example, of the population in 2016, can be carried out. The objectives of such studies are to assess the state of individual segments of the economy and society. Censuses also have another important function - historical, they document the state of the country at some point, they are a kind of chronicle.

Types of censuses

From the point of view of strict scientific terminology, the census is a general survey of the population. But in practice there are several options for these procedures. According to the principle of obtaining data, censuses are distinguished, when information is filled in from the words of the person being examined, and one-time registration, when data about people are taken from various registration forms, for example, personal files in passport offices. According to the object of study, general censuses and partial censuses aimed at assessing a specific segment can be distinguished. For example, the agricultural census of 2016 will be partial, and censuses of entrepreneurs are also periodically conducted. A variant of the census are also forms of statistical accounting, which are submitted by various bodies, for example, committees on social. security, educational or medical institutions.

Principles of

A population census is an information collection activity organized according to special rules and principles. There are several conditions that make a census representative and reliable and provide objective information. The census should be:

- Universal, that is, to cover all categories of the population. Traditionally, three groups of residents are included in the census: the actual population, that is, the one that is in this moment is located on the territory, the legal population, i.e., fixed by any documents in this place, is permanent, that which lives in one place for more than 6 months.

- Simultaneous- the procedure should be carried out as much as possible short time, to capture the so-called counting moment and not allow people to be counted in several places at the same time.

- programmed. The census is carried out according to a clear, carefully designed program, which makes it possible to obtain uniform and reliable information.

- by name. During the census, each person must be interviewed separately.

- Personal. In the course of the census, data about a person is obtained only when his personal answers to questions.

Also, the census should be centralized, take place periodically and keep the information confidential.

Methods

There are several ways to determine the population. The population census is most often carried out by the expedition method, that is, a specially trained person with questionnaires goes to the respondents' homes and fills them out according to people's words. There is also a questionnaire method, when respondents are sent a questionnaire, which they fill out personally and return to the place of information collection. Another method of conducting a census is the informal one. In this case, the respondents come to specially equipped points, and there they answer the questions of the questionnaire.

2016 Agricultural Census

Once every 10 years, a specific census is conducted in Russia - an agricultural census. It is aimed at counting the number of people living in rural areas and engaged in various types agricultural labor. The planned 2016 agricultural census will cover not only individuals living in villages, but also owners of personal subsidiary plots, farmers, gardeners, individual entrepreneurs in the village. The purpose of this event is to collect information about the real state of affairs in the agricultural sector of the country.

The future of the census

The last population census conducted in Russia in 2010 turned out to be a rather laborious and costly undertaking. Therefore, the government proposes to conduct the next census using the Internet. The experience of some European countries shows that this is quite possible. The next census should take place in 2020, and by this time it is planned to develop an optimal survey mechanism that will cover every resident of the country. A version of the bill is also being considered, which would make participation in the census mandatory. Today there is a fairly large segment of the population, which, for various reasons, shy away from participating in the survey. Therefore, the government is looking for options to maximize the involvement of people in this process.

1.1 Household censuses

1.2. Poll censuses

2. Soviet censuses

3. Micro-censuses

4. All-Russian population census of 2002

5. Analysis of population censuses 1992 - 2006

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

A population census is a scientifically organized operation of collecting data on the size and composition of the population, summarizing, evaluating, analyzing and publishing demographic, economic and social data on the entire population living at a certain point in time in a country or its clearly limited part.

The work of conducting a census is not limited to the collection of information, it also includes the assessment of the quality of census results, their analysis and publication. The last quality of the census is especially important for our country, where after 1926 the publication of census results was constantly reduced, until by the 1980s they were reduced to one volume.

The census shows a number of population structures that go beyond the boundaries of the subject of demography - ethnic and social-class structures, distribution of the population by territory and migration, distribution of the population by sectors of the economy and occupations, unemployment, position in occupation, etc.

The history of the census in Russia has several periods, during which census takers were interested in completely different issues. So, during the first known census, which took place in Russia during the Mongol-Tatar invasion (were considered at home), the data were needed to impose tribute on the population of Russia. During the Soviet period Russian history seven censuses were conducted and the main unit of enumeration was the family.

The purpose of this work is to study the history of the development of the population census in our country.

To achieve this goal, we need to solve the following tasks:

· To study the history of the first population census (household, poll, first scientific census);

· History of the Soviet population census;

· Consider the history of micro-censuses;

· As well as the history of the last census.

1. The first population censuses in Russia

The history of population censuses in Russia is rooted in antiquity. True, there is, unfortunately, very little written evidence about the earliest period of this history. In the chronicles dating back to the 9th-11th centuries, there are only references to the collection of tribute by the princes. Probably, when collecting tribute, the size of the taxed population was also taken into account, but the details of this calculation are unknown. The annalistic evidence of population counts in the 13th century, during the period of the Tatar-Mongol invasion, is more reliable. In order to collect tribute, the Tatar khans conducted a census in 1246 in Kievan Rus, in 1255-1256. in the Suzdal land, in 1256-1259. - in Novgorod. The chronicles took into account the entire population, except for the clergy, exempt from tribute. The censuses were carried out by special census takers. From this we can conclude that the censuses at that time were most likely non-economic, as in other countries, i.e. the unit of observation in them was the household (“house”). The population count was of secondary importance, in any case, the total number of inhabitants could not be established from these censuses.

In the XIV-XVI centuries. with the formation of the centralized Russian state, accounting and statistics also developed. The unit of taxation was land, therefore, the censuses were land based. But in them, along with a description of land holdings, the number of households and people was indicated. The results of the censuses were recorded in scribe books, which were constantly maintained and served legal documents the right to own land and serfs.

1.1. Household censuses

In the 17th century in connection with the development of crafts and trade, the unit of taxation becomes the farm - "yard". And the censuses are turning into household censuses. The number and scope of censuses expanded so much that the Counting Order was formed in Moscow. The household censuses of 1646 and 1678 were especially large, covering almost the entire territory of the state. In accordance with tax purposes, they covered only the taxable, mostly male population. However, in some such censuses, both women and part of the non-taxable population were taken into account, distribution was given by age groups, marital status, sometimes even occupation, rank and profession were indicated. The last household census was carried out in 1710 under Peter I. It was the first time that an attempt was made to take into account not only the taxable, but the entire population without exception, including the privileged strata. The census dragged on for several years and ended in failure: it could not take into account the entire population. The number of households according to this census turned out to be almost 20% less compared to 1678, while their increase was expected. Peter I did not accept the results of the 1710 census and ordered a new census to be conducted in 1716-1717. However, this new census showed even worse results: the number of households decreased by one third compared to 1678. Such results partly reflected the actual decline in the population of Russia due to wars and ruinous living conditions, but to a greater extent were the result of incorrect information. Many landowners tried to downplay the number of households by combining several taxable households into one. Therefore, the household tax was replaced by the poll tax, and the censuses were reorganized accordingly. On November 26, 1718, Peter I issued a decree that ordered "to take fairy tales from everyone (give them a year), so that the truthful ones bring, how many male souls in which village." Lists of the population ("tales") should have been collected in 1719, and then subjected to verification ("revisions") within three years. For evading the census or "hiding souls", the decree provided for cruel punishments, up to and including the death penalty.

Poll censuses

This decree marked the beginning of a whole series of per capita censuses (“revisions”), which, with various changes, were carried out in Russia over the next 140 years, from 1719 to 1859, until the abolition of serfdom. There were 10 revisions in total, each of which lasted for several years.

Capitation censuses were still far from modern population censuses both in terms of population coverage and methods of conducting. Their object was mainly only the taxable population, they took into account the registered (legal), and not the actual population, they were carried out for a long time, the collected information did not belong to one point in time. Therefore, even the total population according to the audit data can only be determined approximately. Since revisions were related to taxation, the population treated them with hostility and tried to evade the census. The landowners and other persons responsible for compiling "fairy tales" downplayed the number of taxable souls. The officials who carried out the audits also committed abuses.

And yet, despite significant defects, the Russian revisions were a significant step forward in the development of population accounting. They were by name, all revisions took into account such important feature, as age (moreover, in the form of the number of completed years, and not by referring to the age group). Most of the revisions, except for the first, second and sixth, also took into account the female population (also indicating age) not for calculating taxes, but "for knowledge alone." Some revisions gave the distribution of the population by marital status, nationalities and classes.

The latest audits already covered more than 80% of the entire population of the country, and in the territories where they were carried out - more than 90%. This made it possible, although with an additional calculation, to determine the total population of the country, its location and composition, based on direct accounting data.

The revisions provided rich material for studying the population of Russia. Even today they have not lost their scientific value (as historical material).

After the abolition of serfdom, the revisions lost their significance as censuses of the taxable population and were no longer carried out. Meanwhile, as capitalism developed in Russia, the need for complete and detailed data on the size and composition of the entire population began to be felt more and more. Only a scientifically organized general census could provide such data.

1.3. First All-Russian scientifically organized census

It was held in 1897 as of January 28 (February 9, according to the new style). It was initiated by the outstanding Russian scientist P.P. Semenov - Tien-Shansky. This census is the only source of reliable data on the size and composition of the Russian population at the end of the 19th century.

It was carried out for three months instead of the planned one and a half. Such a long period of holding could not but affect the quality of the collected materials. But if we take into account all the difficulties and doubts about the possibility of conducting a census at all, such a period should be recognized as not the biggest drawback. About 150 thousand people took part in the census, which also cannot be considered very large. The results of the census were published in 1905 in 89 volumes. The total population of the Russian Empire within the boundaries of those years was 125,640 thousand people.

The census materials showed not only the total population and its distribution throughout the country and its regions, but also its structure in terms of a wide range of indicators: by sex, age, marital status and marital status, by literacy and religion, by native language (which indirectly expressed national composition of the population), by occupations that provide means of subsistence, and by sectors of the national economy, etc.

The development of the census results and their publication were completed in 1905, and in 1908 the question was raised about conducting a new, regular census in 1910 (i.e. in accordance with international recommendations "in the year ending in 0) . However, for various reasons, mainly financial properties, the date for the second census was postponed to 1915, which was also not implemented due to the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.

On plans to conduct the All-Russian population census of the 2020 round. Meeting of the Statistics Section of the House of Scientists

On April 4, 2013, the Meeting of the statistics section of the Central House of Scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences was held, at which Galina Evgenievna Sheverdova, Deputy Head of the Department of Population and Health Statistics of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), made a report "On plans for the next round of the All-Russian Population Census - 2020".

The abstracts of this report are published below.

The preparation of the All-Russian population census of the 2020 round (VPN-2020) will be carried out taking into account:

• regulatory framework Russian Federation;
• international recommendations for conducting population censuses and housing stock;
• phenomena and trends observed in society;
• the possibility of comparison with the results of previous All-Russian population censuses.

1. Census subjects - citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons who are on the territory of the Russian Federation as of the date of the All-Russian Population Census. Foreign citizens who have immunities and privileges in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation are not subject to the population census.

For each locality, municipality, the subject of the Russian Federation and the country as a whole, the number of the following categories of the population will be obtained:

• permanent residents (including temporarily absent);
• temporary residents (less than 1 year, regardless of whether they live permanently in Russia or abroad).

2. Census date - point in time (year, month, day and hour) for which information about the population is collected and recorded.

3. Data collection methods

Census electronic and paper questionnaires (completely identical in terms of the composition of questions) and 3 methods of collecting information about the population will be used during the VPN-2020:

• self-completion by respondents of electronic questionnaires on the Internet;
• filling out by the census taker (an employee from among the attracted temporary staff) electronic questionnaires on tablet computers with pre-installed specialized software;
• the traditional filling of paper questionnaires (two-sided machine-readable census sheets) by a census taker with a pen with helium paste.

The collection of information during the entire period of the census will also be carried out in special premises - stationary sites - on electronic or paper questionnaires.

The use of tablet computers by enumerators is more possible in cities with a population of 100,000 or more, where almost half of the country's population lives.

In the rest settlements census takers will use traditional paper questionnaires.

4. Organization of data collection

User registration in the system is based on a combination of residential address and personalized information about the respondent. A registered user must correspond in the residential area in which he permanently resides. For the census of all residents of this dwelling, it is enough to register one of the permanent residents in it and fill out electronic questionnaires for himself and the rest of the inhabitants of this dwelling.

At the end of the Internet census on October 15-16, 2020, based on electronic lists of addresses that contain data on the passage of the Internet census by the population, lists of addresses of residential premises in which the population has not passed the Internet census are compiled for visiting by census takers.

From 17 to 30 October 2020 year, the enumerator walks around all the premises of his enumeration area, records the confirmation of the completion of the census on the Internet, conducts a survey of the population that did not pass the Internet census, and fills out the census questionnaires (using a tablet computer or on paper census forms). All clarifying questions about the number of residents, completed census forms, the number of persons who did not pass the census Internet census, the census taker finds out when walking around the premises.

5. Technological and regulatory support

In the absence of a unified state register of the population, Rosstat will use the existing departmental registers for personalized registration of the population pension fund of the Russian Federation (containing information about Russian citizens registered in the country at their place of residence) and the FMS of Russia (containing information about foreign citizens and stateless persons who entered the territory of Russia during the year before the VPN-2020).

For the purposes of the VPN-2020, Rosstat will create an official state census portal, the entrance to which will be possible both from the official website of Rosstat and from the already existing "Public Services Portal".

To implement the proposed concept, it is necessary to amend the legislation of the Russian Federation.

1) Normative fixing use for the purposes of the population census departmental registers of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation and the Federal Migration Service of Russia.

2) The introduction of mandatory for the population to participate in the All-Russian population census.

3) Introduction of responsibility of persons who collect information about the population for the quality and reliability of the data collected.

4) Addition to the Federal Law "On the All-Russian Population Census":

• the list of information collected about the population, data on the last name, first name, patronymic, place of actual permanent residence, place of temporary residence at the time of the population count, address of registration at the place of residence and ownership of residential premises that are the place permanent residence,
• provisions on the ability of a respondent to authorize another respondent living in the same dwelling to submit information about himself for the purposes of the population census;
• provisions on the possibility of collecting information about the population using information and communication tools.

6. Population data collected in the census

The draft program of the HPP-2020 includes almost all the main population characteristics recommended by the UNECE for collection in population censuses according to the "Recommendations of the Conference of European Statisticians on the 2010 population and housing censuses", ECE/CES/STAT/NONE/2006/4 , with the exception of signs of occupation, sphere of economic activity and residence abroad and the year of arrival in the country.

The composition of the questions of the draft VPN-2020 Program repeats the questions of the VPN-2010 Program with the addition of questions about the address of registration at the place of residence and the ownership of the dwelling. Machine-readable forms C "List of residents in the premises" and CPL "Census check sheet" are introduced.

7. Census results

Based on the results of the census, the following summary information will be obtained.

General permanent population in each territorial unit is calculated by summing permanently (usually) residents who were present at the time of the population count, and permanent residents, but temporarily absent at the time of the population count.

Population temporarily staying on the date of the census of the population in each territorial unit, but permanently residing:

a) in another territorial unit of the Russian Federation;

b) outside the Russian Federation.

In addition, the number of civilians and military personnel of each territorial unit will be presented, as well as the population registered in each territorial unit at the place of residence.

Data on the number, density, birth rate, mortality, physical activity and others.

2018

Preliminary results of the 2018 Pilot Census

According to a report dated November 13, 2018, the 2018 trial population census was the largest and most unusual trial census in Russia. At its first stage, which took place from October 1 to October 10, 2018 throughout the country, a fundamentally different way of collecting information about the population was worked out - self-filling of electronic census forms by respondents on the Unified Portal of Public Services (Gosuslugi.ru) . More than 1.2 million Russian citizens with a verified account on the Gosuslugi.ru portal took part in the digital population census.

The idea of ​​using Multifunctional centers for the provision of state and municipal services (MFC), proposed by the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia and municipal authorities, turned out to be successful. At the MFC, residents of the country can access the Gosuslugi.ru portal.

In addition, it is necessary to stimulate the participation of domestic respondents in population censuses, expanding the contingent using the Internet for these purposes, the head of Rosstat drew attention.

As Surinov noted, hard-to-reach regions were included in the number of pilot regions of the PPN-2018, in which Rosstat conducted a census at the usual time - in October. “But this required significant additional transport costs, so we will discuss the feasibility of this practice. The report on the 2018 Trial Population Census and proposals for optimizing the organizational and technological scheme of the 2020 All-Russian Population Census 2020 will be formed in November 2018, and the results of the PPN-2018 will be published in the first quarter of 2019.

2018 census trial enters home stretch

On October 27, 2018, census takers will complete a 100 percent residential survey in Pilot Census areas. From October 28 to October 31, a selective control bypass of residential premises will be carried out in these areas to check the quality of work of census takers and the correctness of accounting for the population, reported TAdviser on October 26, 2018 in Russian Post.

For four days of the control round in the areas of the Pilot Census - the Elbrus municipal district of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, the Khangalassky Ulus municipal district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Aleutsky municipal district of the Kamchatka Territory, the city of Minusinsk of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Nizhneudinsky and Katangsky municipal areas Irkutsk region, the city of Veliky Novgorod, the urban-type settlement of Yuzhno-Kurilsk of the Sakhalin region, the Sviblovo district of the North-East Administrative District of Moscow and the municipal district of Knyazhevo of St. Petersburg - census takers, together with an instructor or field level controller, will bypass 10% of residential premises.

During the control round, the correctness of the population count will be checked: are there any missed or erroneously recorded people. To do this, it will be specified how many people in the premises were enumerated, and the presence of records about them in the corresponding forms of census documents will be verified by name. If necessary, corrections can be made to the census forms. At the first stage of the Trial Population Census - from October 1 to October 10 - any resident of Russia with a verified account on the Unified Public Services Portal (Gosuslugi.ru) could enroll on their own by filling out electronic census sheets for themselves and their family members on the Internet.

The second phase of the Pilot Census takes place from 16 to 27 October. Residents of Pilot Census areas who enrolled online can provide the census taker with the received online census confirmation code for verification. Those who did not enumerate in the first stage and do not want to let the enumerator into the house in the second stage can take the pilot census in the census tracts located within the 2018 pilot census areas.

In the Moscow district of Sviblovo, the Khangalassky ulus of Yakutia, the Nizhneudinsky district of the Irkutsk region and part of the urban district of Veliky Novgorod, the population is enumerated by employees of the Russian Post. To deliver census forms, census takers' equipment, as well as consumables to these areas, the Post's logistics infrastructure is used.

Rosstat raised the forecast for a trial electronic population census

The pilot population census of 2018 is being carried out to develop an optimal organizational and technological scheme for conducting the All-Russian Population Census of 2020, which involves combining various ways collecting information about the population. Based on the results of the pilot population census, recommendations will be developed to optimize budget expenditures for the 2020 All-Russian Population Census, taking into account the introduction of new methods of collecting information about the population.

The data collection and processing system being created for the 2020 All-Russian Population Census will become one of the components National system data management (NCMS). In the future, this system should ensure the complete digitalization of the process of collecting and processing data based on unified methodological and technological approaches.

The 2018 trial population census will be held from October 1 to October 31 in two stages: the first will be all-Russian, the second - local and will affect 10 districts in nine constituent entities of the Russian Federation. At the first, federal, stage of the preliminary census, any resident of Russia who has a verified account on this portal will be able to fill out census sheets on the public services portal from October 1 to October 10. In 10 pilot districts, respondents who filled out the census questionnaires on the Internet will receive unique census confirmation codes - they will be needed at the second, local, stage of the census.

From October 16 to October 31, in 10 pilot districts in nine constituent entities of the Russian Federation, census takers will carry out door-to-door visits: from October 16 to October 27 - 100%, and from October 28 to October 31 - a selective control tour of 10% of residential premises. In addition, residents will be given the opportunity to correspond at stationary sites. Respondents from 10 pilot districts who have already enrolled on the public services portal will only need to provide the census taker with the previously received confirmation code for verification.

Trial census of Russians will be held on the Internet

As part of the Trial Population Census, which will take place in October 2018, Russians will be able to fill out a questionnaire via the Internet for the first time, CNews reported on May 31, 2018. This can be done directly on the public services portal during the first stage of the event from 1 to 10 October. The government has previously made adjustments to the regulatory framework necessary for the operation of this service. The event is preparatory to the All-Russian population census planned by Rosstat for 2020.

After filling out the questionnaire on the public services portal, the citizen will receive a confirmation code for participation in the census by e-mail or SMS. At the same time, a citizen will be able to fill out the document for all family members - confirmation codes for participation in the census will be sent to everyone.

Meanwhile, the question of whether citizens will need to provide the consent of other persons for their relative to fill out questionnaires for them has not yet been worked out. The possibility of participating in the census through regional portals of public services has not yet been implemented - the issue is being worked out by Rosstat together with the Ministry of Digital Development.

The population census will be carried out in the traditional way in certain territories of a number of Russian regions. Including in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novgorod, Irkutsk and Sakhalin regions, the republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Yakutia, Krasnoyarsk and Kamchatka regions.

At the second stage, from October 11 to October 15, 2018, a list of residents of the territories who have already completed the survey via the Internet will be compiled. At the third stage - from October 16 to October 31, 2018 - a survey of citizens will again take place, but in the traditional way. At the same time, the census taker may ask to see a code confirming the fact of participation in the census online.

In addition, during the trial census, they plan to allow census takers to use tablets, but only in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Veliky Novgorod. Devices will not be purchased. Instead, tablets will be used that were previously used during the Microcensus in 2015 and the All-Russian Agricultural Census in 2016. In total, Rosstat will be able to accumulate 25 thousand - 30 thousand tablets.

Some census takers will also be armed with paper questionnaires. They are needed as a fallback and for citizens who want to see a record of the answers to their questions.

Tablets will be equipped with special software for conducting surveys, which has not yet been developed: Rosstat, together with the Ministry of Digital Development, is completing the formation of the corresponding competitive task. The future software must be of domestic production and have information security certificates from the FSTEC.

Half a billion for the census

The state allocated 484.6 million rubles. for the development of a system for preparing, conducting, processing materials and obtaining the results of the All-Russian population census in 2018.

This amount appears as the starting price of the contract in the tender of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), launched on March 16, 2018. Applications from applicants will be accepted until April 6, 2018.

Purpose of the system

The automated system of Rosstat considered here is officially intended for preparing, conducting, processing information about the population and obtaining the results of all-Russian population censuses, including pilot censuses and even so-called micro-censuses.

As stated in the tender documents, the system is a single software and hardware complex that combines the means to perform work on the stages of preparing, conducting, processing information about the population census, including scanning and recognizing machine-readable forms, data entry via the Internet, tablet computers and smartphones. carrying out coding and formal-logical control, forming a census database, obtaining final tables, as well as "other operations necessary for monitoring all stages of the census," the authors of the procurement note.

Front of works

It follows from the tender documents that the future contractor will have to develop the software already existing in the system to update the list of addresses registered in it, prepare the software for collecting the necessary data, to organize the collection of information about the population, for "implementing methods for supplementing and analyzing statistical data on the population of Russia in the basis of geoanalytical data in the preparation and conduct of the 2020 census, etc.

2017

Russia to conduct a trial population census using electronic questionnaires

main stage

It is planned that the main stage of the 2020 census will be held for the first time using a new methodology: citizens will be able to fill out the form on their own via the Internet. This “will ensure a more complete participation of the population in the census and obtain high-quality results” and “create a new, operational format of communication with the population,” representatives of the regulator and experts are sure.

"Electronic census"

The "electronic" census will be carried out on a special state portal, which can be accessed from the official website of the department or through the public services portal. Identification in the system is planned to be carried out by the insurance number of an individual personal account (SNILS), it will also be possible to specify email and phone number.