Competition Regions Sustainable Development. Sustainable development of the region

Currently world economy is going through a complex process - globalization. It has already resulted in tremendous transformations. They affected almost all sectors of the national economies of most countries. In this case, the passing changes are in many cases spontaneous, difficult to predict in advance. This sometimes has a negative impact on entire individual countries, ultimately causing irreparable losses. In this regard, scientists from many countries were tasked with studying the internal processes of general globalization, which directly depend on the development of each subject of the world market.

Globalization process

It is impossible to fit the modern general movement into the framework of previously existing theoretical schemes based on historical events that have already taken place. The systems used before were based on the theory of the unlimited time and space of the development of mankind. Globalization and its basic laws have clearly shown the erroneousness of this statement: sustainable development and functioning of the world economy is limited by finite resources and processes of human life. As a result, a new concept of global development appeared, consisting of many strategies, with limited conditions, aimed at solving global problems... The fight against poverty and the achievement of the general well-being of the world's population are among the most important tasks of globalization, which can be achieved only if the income of the population grows and the overall productivity of labor in each individual state increases. At the same time, in the process of achieving the set goals, a huge role is played by the total combination of all external and internal factors, such as the state environment and relationships in human society. Only with the correct interaction of people in society and society with the environment will it be possible to significantly increase the parameters of general development in quantitative and qualitative terms.

Russia in the modern economic system

With the collapse of the USSR and the transition to market relations, the Russian economy experienced a tremendous shock, from which it has not finally recovered until now. Today, it is faced with the task of choosing a strategy for a long-term period of time, depending on which its further place in the world will be determined. It is very important to give a correct assessment of all the capabilities of the country and determine the starting position from which to start. At the same time, it is worth assessing the role and place of Russia from the point of view of the stability of its economy, which, in turn, should strive to minimize costs, based on the irreplaceability of some natural resources and replacing them with recoverable or less rare ones. An important factor in this is the preservation of the environment in an unchanged state. In modern conditions, when in most industries production equipment has long been obsolete, general change the domestic economy is possible only with the introduction of innovative technologies. The use of new methods and schemes will improve the qualitative and quantitative indicators of products. This will ultimately lead to an increase in the competitiveness of the state. This condition is one of the principles that determine the sustainable development of Russian regions in the process of world globalization. Therefore, all the changes that occur require constant careful study, on the basis of which they will be further corrected. The social fund for the development of regions is of great importance in this matter. In addition to tasks to improve economic activity territories, the activity of the association is aimed at maintaining the proper level of public protection of citizens. The Social Fund for the Development of the Regions among the issues of paramount importance puts the equal distribution of power and care of the state in all territories of the country.

Globalization in modern literature

Modern economic theory devoted a huge amount of work. However, in the scientific world until now there is no clear concept of globalization, each of the authors dealing with this topic brings something of their own, investing their own understanding of this process. At the same time, most scientists identify several systems that are part of the globalization process. These include, in particular, the financial sector, the production system and the market. information technologies... Also, researchers recognize the impact of the globalization process on the whole. So, due to the computerization of society, borders are erased financial markets, it becomes easier to move capital, economic division states becomes conditional.

Globalization problems

To characterize the process of globalization more fully, it is necessary to study all the forms in which it manifests itself. To do this, at the first stage, it is necessary to classify general problems, that is, to distribute specific problems into separate groups, from which in the future a complex system will be obtained - a program for the development of a region. With this approach to classification, it is easier to solve the problem of theoretical comprehension and finding solutions. However, dividing problems into groups is not the ultimate goal. This is just one of the most important parts in an integrated approach to problem solving. This method allows you to identify the relevance of tasks, highlight the main connections, establish ways of interaction and determine global issues, the study of which should take place in the first place. In addition, by classifying the problems and taking into account the mutual influence, the final sequence of practical actions is formed to solve the assigned tasks. Correctly conducted classification breaks the general problem into stages, as a result of which the studies of each stage become more detailed and correct. This is how the factors of the development of the region become more clearly visible.

Modern literature also does not provide an unambiguous recommendation for structuring the general set of problems into groups. There are many different techniques to describe this process. As a result, the assignment of any problem to a specific group is rather arbitrary. Concerning this way splitting into groups is considered not as the only correct one, but as one of the few, the results of which should be paid close attention to. It helps to better understand the nature of the emergence of global problems and to establish their internal relationships with each other. This need to break the general into subgroups is primarily due to the limited human capabilities, due to which people are not able to immediately cope with the whole universal task.

Subjects of the economic system

Sustainable is primarily characterized by the relationship between production and capital. At the same time, a feature of economic activity is the expansion of its influence on more and more new entities every year. In this regard, there is a constant increase in trade relations between market entities in the field of commodity relations and services. The structure of the region's economy includes several aspects. These include, in particular:

Strengthening the interaction between market actors, significantly outstripping the increase in production;

Creation of international corporations;

Constant migration of capital from the economy of one subject to the economy of another with currency conversion;

Redistribution of commodity and financial flows between the participants market relations.

Single economic world system has a direct impact on the number of groups within one region, each of which has its own impact on world GDP... Ultimately, most of the world's trade is in the provision of services and the exchange of products (raw materials) between industries. An illustrative example This is the connection between especially developed market entities, which account for over 60% of the total world trade. Moreover, the population of these subjects is less than 20% of the total population of the Earth. A striking representative is the EU, in which up to 70% of all trade turnover falls on trade between the members of the union.

Corporations and credit institutions

Main focus modern economy is the general globalization of capital. In these conditions, each state participating in the world economic system has to work with transnational corporations, acting in most cases as equal partners. In this case, enterprises are able to have a significant impact on the world economy as a whole. In this regard, national governments at the highest level are forced to conclude various economic agreements with them. In this situation, capital received a powerful impetus to development. It became necessary to create special trading floors where creditor banks located in one country and working in the money of that country can issue loans or deposits not in national currency... Moreover, such operations are no longer carried out within the framework of national legislation. The following situation arises in the lending market: not limited by national laws, such markets acquire at the expense of an unregulated level interest rates... This ultimately led to a significant increase in the credit resources of the world economy and significantly simplified access to them by the end consumer. This, in turn, has had a significant impact on social development.

Innovative development of the region

In our country, as noted above, the main priority for improving economic activity is the introduction of new developments in all areas of population activity. However, this cannot be achieved by direct instruction from above. In this regard, one of the main roles in solving this problem is assigned to local authorities, which, in turn, must set the appropriate priorities in their direct activities. At the first stage, the regional development strategy includes the creation of favorable conditions in the territories under their control for the development of production and entrepreneurial activity, providing a comfortable environment for investment. It is important to react in a timely manner to the ongoing general changes. It is also necessary to regularly edit the assigned tasks aimed at sustainable development of the region, ways and methods of their achievement. Natural features of the territory play an important role in the process. They are taken into account by researchers assessing the prospects for the development of Russia. For a better use of the potential of the territory, the state is involved in the process, legislative acts are established at the state level. Participation in this case is carried out by attracting equity capital and human resources in the most economically interesting projects. When considering the prospects for the development of Russia, it is important to find ways to maintain science-intensive and high-tech production. The solution to these issues is considered one of the paramount in the modern world. Only thanks to an integrated approach to management on the part of the state and local authorities is it possible to achieve high-quality and competitive economic development in Russia. At the same time, it is necessary to introduce new advanced approaches both to already functioning industries and to new ones being introduced on the territory of the subject. In most cases, it is from the ability to quickly implement modern technologies competitiveness and sustainable development of the region depends.

Associations of market participants within an entity

The first role in achieving a technological leap in each individual market entity is the ability to unite and team work of all organizations and enterprises located in the region. Only if all branches of production are combined into a single technological process, it is possible to create a high-quality competitive product. At the same time, such an association must be legally recognized by the regional (state) authorities. One of the types of this recognition is the regional development fund, approved for state level... It includes the interests of all participants: authorities, financial institutions, industrial enterprises and other market participants of the entity. In this case, the efficiency of final production will directly depend on the competitiveness of products based on high-tech trading platform, the participants of which will be not individual enterprises, but entire scientific complexes and associations. In this case, all conditions will be created for the development and implementation of new products: financial security and the production base, which will ultimately lead to the strengthening of the position of a separate territory and improve the economic development of Russia as a whole. The members of the association are interconnected by various. They undertake a number of obligations, jointly coordinate their actions in the financial sector, in the field of investment marketing and a number of other areas of business. The region is not left without attention either. Participation in this union is voluntary, the main task of each participant is to maximize profit. The creation and functioning of such associations within the framework of a business entity allows the region to painlessly move to a model that presupposes sustainable development of the region, based on innovations introduced into various types of processes.

Market competition

Competition is one of the key concepts in describing market relations. Only in conditions of free trading competition can the system develop painlessly. Competition is a universal tool for determining the number of market participants, supply volumes and prices for them. The main goal of any enterprise is to maximize profit. To do this, in conditions of open competition, each individual manufacturer needs to surpass their rivals in some way. In this case, "competition" is a key element of the market mechanism, it provides the most beneficial interaction in the sphere of producer-consumer, as well as in the process of using commercial capital. In competitive production, each entrepreneur cares not only about reducing costs, but also about expanding and improving the quality of product output. All this is aimed at improving the characteristics of the product, reducing its price, which means gaining advantages among other manufacturers. In this case, competition acts as a motivating element in economic progress. As a result, new technologies are being introduced, the range of goods and services is expanding, the price is decreasing and the quality is increasing.

Competition functions

The main functions of competition are:

Orientation of each manufacturer to the needs of the end consumer (in the case when the enterprise becomes uncompetitive, its goods do not find the end buyer and the production of goods stops);

Natural selection among manufacturers (at the same time, an enterprise with more expensive or low-quality products leaves the market);

Impact on production and increase in its efficiency;

Impact on the redistribution of initial resources;

Regulation of the price level in the market for goods and services.

Not the least role in the competition in each industrial branch is played by the time during which the process of founding the production of products takes place. It can be conditionally divided into four stages:

1. Introduction of new products. At this stage, there are small volumes of goods sold, a relatively high price compared to analogues (if any).

2. Stage of growth. There is an increase in production volumes due to increased demand, while prices remain high.

3. Stage of maturity. The volume of production reaches its peak, subsequently there is a drop in demand due to an oversupply of goods in the market, as a result of competition, a drop in prices is observed.

4. Stage of obsolescence. The demand for products reaches its minimum, production volumes are decreasing, the level of competition tends to zero, more functional analogs appear on the market, and the bulk of products are discontinued.

The world economy is in search of a new vector of development, taking into account the challenges of the 21st century (population growth and aging, climate change, depletion of non-renewable resources). The answer to these challenges was the introduction of the concept of sustainable development and the formation of new industries of the "green economy".

Sustainable development in the world

The topic of sustainable development appeared in policy documents and legislation developed countries, international conventions and documents of territorial planning more than 20 years ago and became one of the main world trends in the development of cities. Technological breakthroughs in recent decades in resource management, information and communication, and the creation of new materials have laid the foundation for sustainable urban development. Sustainable development implies a balanced approach to economic growth, social progress while maintaining the quality of the environment. The concept of sustainable development is based on the desire to meet human needs and ensure the growth of the well-being of the population, innovation and development of the knowledge economy, energy efficiency, environmental sustainability, as well as changing consumption patterns in general.

An important role in the implementation of the principles of sustainable development and building a "green economy" in Russia can be played by companies in the financial sector that implement the practice of "responsible financing". In my opinion, there are good prospects in this area for the initiatives of introducing “green certification”, issuing “green bonds”, as well as creating a “green fund” by analogy with the best practices in the BRICS countries. Alexander Bychkov, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the "ESG Em" Agency

So, in the Nordic countries, the emphasis is on solving environmental issues, in Western Europe and the USA, projects are actively developing aimed at improving the urban environment and effective urban management; in developing countries (China, India, countries of Southeast Asia), much attention was paid to the economic development of cities based on the principles of a low-carbon economy. In countries such as Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, Sweden, projects are being implemented to transfer all buildings to a zero energy balance, in a number of European countries it is planned to abandon cars with gasoline engines (Norway, the Netherlands) and the production of non-renewable energy sources (Denmark).

Note that other EAEU countries already have experience of long-term strategic planning in the field of sustainable development (hereinafter - "SD"). Thus, in 2013, Kazakhstan adopted the “Concept for the transition of the Republic of Kazakhstan to a“ green economy ”, calculated for the period up to 2050. In 2016, the Republic of Belarus, together with the European Union, launched a project for the development of a "green economy".

The first documents in the field of SD in Russia were adopted following the signing of program documents at the Summit of Heads of State and the UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro technologies"?). In 1996, the President of the Russian Federation approved the Concept of the Russian Federation's Transition to Sustainable Development.

But Russia is still lagging behind in the process of introducing the principles of sustainable development both from the leading developed countries and from many developing countries. Long term strategy sustainable development in Russia is still lacking, but over the past five years, certain principles of sustainable development are increasingly used in legislative acts and government decrees were adopted regulations on many specific aspects of SD. This is especially noticeable in the example of recent initiatives to amend legislation, in particular in the field of ecology.

Sustainable development of Russian regions

The principles of sustainable development are taken into account when developing strategic and program documents in some cities and regions. At the same time, the declaration of the principles of sustainable development is often not reflected in any way in the actually pursued regional policy.

Achievement of sustainable development of regions, as well as of the country as a whole, is still hampered by strong differentiation of the level economic development and the quality of spatial planning between different regions and municipalities within regions. Thus, the results of the rating of the SD of Russian cities, annually compiled by the agency "CSM", show that for most of the constituent entities of the Federation, there is a significant imbalance between the development of the largest city (as a rule, a regional center) and other large cities. The rating was built using the experience of PWC, McKinsey, EY, Australian Conservation Foundation, Forum for the Future, European Green Capital.

This tendency is most noticeable in Lipetsk, Vladimir, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg regions, Udmurtia, Altai Territory.

The Kaluga, Saratov, Ulyanovsk, Vologda, and Tula regions demonstrate positive examples of a relatively high degree of balanced development of the largest cities in the territory.

The Ministry of Economic Development of Russia develops and implements an action plan to achieve a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. In 2009, the President of the Russian Federation approved the Climate Doctrine of Russia. Statement Federal law No. 261 "On energy conservation and energy efficiency" in 2009 stimulated measures to improve energy policy. Regarding certain aspects of sustainable development, Russia has adopted regulations that address issues of sustainable development in cities: Government program RF "Energy saving and increasing energy efficiency for the period up to 2020", State program Russian Federation"Environmental protection" for 2012–2020, State program of the Russian Federation "Promotion of employment of the population", amendments to the Law "On production and consumption waste", Strategy for the development of the building materials industry, which presupposes a desire for greater energy efficiency in production.

If we aim to build a “smart city”, then first of all we need to think about complex intellectualization different systems: energy, water supply and sewerage, buildings and structures, transport, government services. For this, it is necessary to carry out a serious amount of work in the field of equipping the field level with means of changes and data collection, the development of IT infrastructure and communication infrastructure, the introduction of intelligent software and hardware systems, and the creation of centralized city management platforms. Maxim Ageev, Director of the Global Directorate for Energy and Sustainable Development Services, Schneider Electric in Russia and the CIS

Sustainable development at the municipal level

So far, the principles of sustainable development at the local level are being introduced to one degree or another only in certain Russian cities. The maintenance of relatively high levels of economic development in cities often occurs to the detriment of the state of the environment and the quality of the urban environment. The position of cities in the SD rating is primarily determined by their economic development, the environmental factor, on the contrary, has a multidirectional effect: it reduces the positions of leading cities and increases the positions of outsider cities. Although there are examples of socially responsible large Russian companies... Leading companies with their large corporate projects play an important role in promoting sustainable development in Russian cities.

The development of the overwhelming majority of large Russian cities today cannot be called balanced and sustainable. Analysis of the dynamics of the results of the rating of sustainable development of cities in the Russian Federation over the past three years shows: the more balanced a city is in terms of economic, social and environmental progress, the more steadily it develops during a period of economic "turbulence" or economic recession.

The main obstacles to the implementation of the principles of sustainable development in Russian cities: the difficulty of perceiving the topic of sustainable development, lack of experience and expertise and low qualifications of personnel in municipalities, short-term planning horizons. Thus, the Foundation for the Development of Single-Industry Towns identifies the training of municipal management teams as one of the three basic areas of activity for solving the problems of single-industry cities. The first training program for management teams was implemented by the Skolkovo business school for the Fund in 2016.

Of particular importance for Russian cities at present are the issues of sustainable development management, namely, the definition of a competent system of priorities and the establishment of effective interaction between various structural divisions city ​​administrations.

The principles of good governance suggest that the successful management of cities requires the definition of quality and measurable performance indicators. Currently, the Russian Federation does not have a generally accepted indicator of the effectiveness of urban development in the field of sustainable development. The above-mentioned SD rating of Russian cities can become such a comprehensive and high-quality assessment tool.

International standards in the field of sustainable development

In 2014 An international organization on standardization, two new quality standards have been developed municipal government: ISO 18091 and ISO 37120.

ISO 18091: 2014 Quality Management Systems. Guidelines for the Application of ISO 9001: 2008 in Local Government ”reflects an administration's perspective on administrative, economic and management activities in cities. In particular, it allows you to build a system of priorities, identify problem areas, tasks of socio-economic development of cities. This standard uses 39 indicators and offers a system for assessing the four main areas of administration (institutions of governance, economic and social spheres and maintaining a high level of the environment).

Analysis of the effectiveness of municipal management according to the ISO 18091 standard also makes it possible to identify priority directions implementation of information technology solutions in various spheres of city life and to develop "road maps" for the implementation of specific IT solutions, such as the creation of intelligent transport systems, security systems, tax and financial administration.

The ISO 37120: 2014 standard "Sustainable development of settlements - indicators of the efficiency of city services and the quality of life" offers a universal system of indicators for assessing the efficiency and dynamics of the provision of municipal services and the quality of life in the city, consisting of one hundred indicators (main and auxiliary), covering 17 directions. This includes evaluating the efficiency of the energy sector, transport systems, communications, sewerage, water supply, collection and disposal of solid household waste, etc. This standard provides high-quality tools for comparing the sustainability of the development of various cities and assessing the effectiveness of the city authorities on the part of all stakeholders (federal and regional authorities, business, population).

The implementation of both standards makes it possible to increase the transparency of the activities of city authorities, the level of trust in them from the population, to establish coordination and interaction between various divisions of city administrations, and ultimately contributes to the development of informed management decisions and an improvement in the quality of life in cities.

The experience of holding international sporting events and summits stimulates city leaders to implement international standards in the field of sustainable development. Thus, the cities hosting the 2018 FIFA World Cup must follow the ISO 20121: 2012 "Event Sustainability Management System" standard, the ISO 14001 environmental management standard, the national GOST R ISO 14001-2007 standard, as well as national and international standards in the field of "green building".

"Smart cities"

The planning and management of the sustainable development of the city is now in dire need of not only new theoretical approaches, but also the development of an appropriate methodology, the introduction of modern technologies. Over the past two decades, there has been an increase in interest in the topic of "smart cities". It is assumed that a "smart city" should be characterized by a highly efficient economy, management, high level quality of life, mobility, respect for the environment and a population that actively participates in the life of the city.

An important element of the functioning of "smart cities" is the active introduction of information technologies, namely, automated intelligent control systems and control of various aspects of city life: housing and communal services, urban traffic, public transport, tourism, public safety, education, health care, energy -, water supply and environmental situation in the city management system. The introduction and innovative use of information technologies (intelligent systems of "smart cities") contribute to improving the quality and efficiency of city management, reducing administrative costs and improving the level and quality of life of the population.

Recently, the “smart building” format (“smart houses”), based on two different approaches, has become widespread in Europe. The first is the construction of a house with zero consumption, that is, a building that is able to cover its energy supply needs through its own capabilities, for example, the use of solar or wind generation of electricity or low-potential heat from the ground, water. The second approach is “positive” houses, which generate more energy than they need and supply it to the grid. One of the striking examples of the smart building format is the building of the R&D center in Grenoble by Schneider Electric. Elements of the "smart building" have been implemented by us in the "Federation" tower in Moscow City.

On the this moment there are a number of objective obstacles to the implementation of smart city projects in Russia. First of all, this is the high cost of implementing such initiatives. The transformation of already existing settlements into "smart cities" implies high costs for the complete modernization of engineering and communal systems and the solution of deep structural problems of the urban economy. For example, only one project to modernize the energy infrastructure in a city with a population of about 100 thousand people is estimated at more than 2 billion rubles, and the project to create automated system control of vehicles for the same city - in the amount of more than 500 million rubles. The amount of costs for such projects in larger cities can be judged by the fact that in Moscow, in 2015 alone, 3.85 billion rubles were spent on the video surveillance system.

Building new smart cities from scratch is even more costly, but more efficient in terms of governance. Currently, only two similar projects are being implemented in Russia, these are the Skolkovo Innograd (Moscow) and Innopolis (the Republic of Tatarstan). Several more "smart cities" in Russia are located on project stage, for example: the "Smart City" microdistrict in Ulyanovsk and Innograd in the satellite city of St. Petersburg "Yuzhny". Project cost the construction of such cities reaches tens of billions of rubles. It should be noted that the cost of implementing the most famous foreign projects for the construction of "smart cities" from scratch is at least $ 20 billion.

In a number of Russian cities, attempts are being made - often quite successful - to introduce individual “smart services”. First of all, these are projects in the field of housing and communal services, transport management, the formation of unified urban information systems"Electronic government", "safe city".

I believe that sustainable urban development is impossible without defining goals and priorities, developing investment, innovation and social strategies. Addressing the challenges facing cities and mitigating threats to their sustainable development requires an integrated approach, which generates interest in the best international theoretical developments and practical examples in the field of strategic urban planning and management. Elena Dolgikh, general manager Agencies "ESGM"

For example, on the basis of the solutions of the French company Schneider Electric, a base for an intelligent water supply system was built in the cities of Ivanovo and Irkutsk, including the automation of facility management, first of all, a central dispatch center, from which it is possible to remotely control the operating modes of the system. Such systems minimize the human factor and have good performance energy savings, provide a reduction in accidents and losses in water supply networks. It should be noted that smart water solutions are always multi-level. The first level includes field level automation. Equipping facilities and water supply networks with all kinds of sensors and control devices. The second level is the level of data collection, consisting of communication channels, a network, server equipment, which collects and archives data received from facilities where the level of field automation is implemented. The third (upper) level is directly an intelligent control system, software systems of operational control of the water supply system in real time, hydraulic modeling systems, decision support systems.

Unfortunately, in Russia there are still a number of barriers hindering the introduction of “smart technologies” in cities, namely, technological backwardness, low awareness and qualifications of civil servants and industry specialists of city administrations, insufficient educational level of the population.

Not in Russia yet universal system assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of "smart services" and the potential for their further smartization; at the same time, there is the experience of individual scientific research in this area. For example, HSE specialists made an attempt to assess the potential of Russian regions in creating "smart cities" based on a comparison of the economic, innovation, human, technical, investment, budgetary and financial, urban planning and environmental potential of the largest cities.

Most of the cities, the potential of smartization of which was assessed as high according to the results of the study, are also among the leaders in the Rating of Sustainable Development of Russian Cities for last years, compiled by the Agency "SSGM". Among the leaders were: Moscow, Yekaterinburg, some cities of the Moscow region, the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets autonomous districts.

To maximize the effectiveness of the implementation of "smart systems" in Russian cities, it is necessary to take into account the interests of all interested parties (authorities at all levels, the business community, the population, public and non-profit organizations, etc.). This is facilitated by such tools as conducting surveys, conferences and dialogues to discuss urban problems, creating permanent face-to-face or electronic communication platforms, and a broad public and expert discussion of the results of the implementation of each project.

The results of surveys of the heads of the largest Russian cities show that there is a high interest on their part in studying the best practices in the field of SD both in Russia and abroad. This is evidenced by the discussions at conferences on sustainable urban development, organized by the agency "CSM" over the past two years in the regional centers of the Central Federal District.

Podprugin Maxim Olegovich, Applicant for the Department of Economics, Organization and Production Management, East Siberian State University technologies and management, Ulan-Ude, Russia

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Annotation:

Sustainable development of the region is ensured, first of all, by the balance between the factors of socio-economic and natural environmental development... The article discusses the main approaches to this concept within the framework of the regional economy, clarifies the concept of sustainable development of the region, and describes the factors that influence the process of its sustainable development.

JEL classification:

Recently, a large number of specialists in the field of regional science, as well as heads of territories, regions, republics agree on one thing - the regions should be considered the subjects of the Russian Federation. In this regard, the most reasonable is the concept of "region", which is introduced by I.V. Arzhenovsky. He defines the region as “a part of the country's territory that has emerged in the process of the social division of labor, which is characterized by specialization in the production of goods and services, by the generality and specific character of the reproduction process in relation to other territories; the complexity and integrity of the economy, the presence of governing bodies that ensure the solution of the tasks facing the region. "

A similar point of view is also shared by B.C. Bilchak and V.F. Zakharov, who defined the region as a socio-economic spatial integrity, characterized by the structure of production of all forms of ownership, concentration of population, jobs, spiritual life of a person per unit of space and time, which has local authorities of the territory (region, territory, republic).

Thus, a region is a territory within the administrative boundaries of a constituent entity of the federation, characterized by the following fundamental features: complexity, integrity, specialization and manageability, that is, the presence of political and administrative governing bodies.

The concept of "regional development"

The development of the region is understood as any progressive change, primarily in economic sphere... This change can be quantitative, then they talk about economic growth... It can be qualitative, and then they talk about structural changes in the content of development. As well as economic characteristics consider the social parameters of development. Moreover, social characteristics are full-fledged indicators in assessing the degree of development of a region.

The main goal of the economic development of the regions is to improve the quality of life of the population. The development goals of the region are to increase income, improve education, nutrition and health care, reduce poverty, improve the environment, equality of opportunity, expand personal freedom, enrich cultural life, etc.

It should be noted that a number of researchers substantiate that the implementation of sustainable development should be carried out in the regions, since they are characterized by complexity, integrity, specialization and manageability; are historically the most stable territorial entities that have formed over the period of their existence; have the most optimal structure for positioning externally economic space; have significant experience in combining the practice of stimulating market transformations in the territories with the policy of regulating these processes.

The concept of "sustainable development of the region"

The paradigm of sustainable development, which presupposes a dynamic process of successive positive changes that ensure a balance of economic, social and environmental aspects, should underlie the formation of approaches to resolving the problems of territorial entities. This is especially important today, when the center of gravity of economic reforms is shifted to the level of regions and their role in the implementation of economic policy the state.

The priority approach in the implementation of reforms at the regional level should be the conviction that one should abandon the identification of the development of a territory with its economic development. The region cannot be considered as steadily developing only on the basis of an increase in economic indicators... Sustainable development should be aimed at achieving a high quality of life of the population, with a positive dynamics of the set of indicators.

P.M. Ivanov understands the viability of the system as the sustainability of the development of the region. At the same time, the viability of a system is defined as the ability to live and develop, that is, a territory that has the property of sustainability is capable of survival and development in a specific environment. The sustainability of regional development determines the ability of a region to maintain and develop the value of the necessary parameters of the quality of life of the population within the safety threshold or above it in the event of fluctuations in external and internal influences (socio-political, socio-economic, technogenic, natural-climatic and other nature), threatening a drop in quality life of the population.

When classifying regions in Russia according to the level and pace of development, they usually distinguish: developing, problematic and depressive.

The stability of the development of the regional economy as a specific quality is achieved as a result of overcoming many obstacles and is not a given for a long period of time. In a crisis situation, sustainability is survival and subsequent achievement of a progressive process in the main spheres of life. So, O.K. Tsapievak refers to the main forms of sustainability of the regional system:

- unsustainable development;

- hyper-stability;

- global sustainability;

- the sustainable development of the regional system is approached;

- stable system.

The peculiarities of Russia (scale, regional diversity, the state of the transitional economy) require more active, in comparison with the usual world practice, the activities of the state to eliminate imbalances in the economic space, solve complex regional problems, create conditions for sustainable development of regions.

Transition to new economic system demanded deep reform state regulation regional development. The main directions of reform are determined by such processes as replacing administrative command management with market mechanisms, changing the structure of ownership, as well as improving the federal system, expanding the economic rights of regions.

In fig. the main factors influencing the formation of sustainable development of the region in modern conditions are presented.

The main factors of sustainable development of the region

The figure shows that the main factors can be divided into 7 main blocks:

1) environmental factors :

- natural and climatic conditions;

- technogenic pollution. Technogenic pollution should include not only pollution in the region, but also transboundary pollution (air, water, etc.), and this applies not only to other states, but also to other regions of the country. For example, the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill is located in the Irkutsk region, but it pollutes the water area of ​​Lake Baikal, which also belongs to Buryatia;

2) financial and economic factors:

- stability of the regional budget, independence from subsidies, transfers from federal budget;

- participation of the region in federal target programs, priority national projects, strategies for the development of macroregions;

- activities credit institutions, insurance companies, etc .;

- the impact of economic instability;

3) industrial production factors:

- the presence of a powerful production base;

- availability of mineral resources on the territory of the region;

- dependence of the region on monopolies (oil and gas monopolies, electric and heat power enterprises, railways, telecommunications companies, etc.);

4) the presence of a developed infrastructure in the region:

- the presence and condition of the road network in the region, railways, airfields, river and sea ports;

- communications, telecommunications, internet accessibility;

- market infrastructure;

5) food security of the region:

- the state of agriculture in the region;

- the state of the trading network;

- the presence and development of processing enterprises;

- activities of vertically integrated complexes in the agro-industrial complex;

6) regional marketing:

- recognition of the region in the federal media;

- brands of the region;

- national, regional holidays, celebrations;

7) social sphere, culture, social activities:

- developed social sphere;

- scientific, educational institutions;

- availability of qualified labor resources and jobs;

- institutions of culture and art, events, etc .;

- activities public organizations(non-profit, environmental, student, trade union, etc.);

- interethnic, interreligious relations.

The priority direction of the new stage of economic changes is the innovative modernization of the economy of the regions of Russia. In achieving this goal, regional authorities are called upon to play an important role, in this regard, the priorities of their activities should change. At the previous stage, their the main task consisted in creating conditions for the development of entrepreneurial activity in order to attract investment. Conditions are changing, and the problems of focusing on creating conditions for sustainable development of the region, enhancing innovation, improving the structure of the region's economy, increasing the competitiveness of products and services are coming to the fore.

Conclusion

Thus, the sustainable development of the region is a complex process leading to solving the problems of the population at the regional level, to improving the living conditions of the inhabitants of the region by achieving a balance of socio-economic and environmental development, carried out on the basis of the rational use of everything. resource potential region including geographic features region, as well as the features of the economy, infrastructure, industry and the potential of individual cities related to this region. 3. Golubetskaya N.P. Indicative approaches for determining the priority of investments in entrepreneurial activity of the North-West region of Russia / N.P. Golubetskaya, O. N. Makarov, V.I. Bovkun // Economy of the North-West: problems and development prospects. - 2005. - No. 4 (26). - S. 53−65.
4. Mayburov I. Sustainable development as a co-evolutionary process // Society and economy. - 2004. - No. 4. - P. 124−143.
5. Pchelintsev O.S. Regulation of the reproductive potential of the territory as the basis of regional policy / O.S. Pchelintsev, V. Ya. Lyubovny, A.B. Voyakina // Problems of forecasting. - 2000. - No. 5. - P. 62−68.
6. Tatarkin A.I. Modeling sustainable development as a condition for increasing economic security territory / A.I. Tatarkin, D.S. Lvov, A.A. Kuklin et al. - Yekaterinburg: Ural Publishing House. University, 1999 .-- 276 p.
7. Uskova T.V. Sustainable development of the region: from conceptual foundations to practical results. / T.V. Uskova, S.S. Kopasova. // Economic and social change in the region: facts, trends, forecast / VSCC TsEMI RAS. –2008. - Issue. 43 .-- S. 21−31.
8. Ivanov P.M. Algebraic modeling of complex systems. - M .: Nauka, 1996 .-- 185 p.
9. Tsapieva O.K. Economic problems of regions and sectoral complexes // Problems of modern economics. - 2010. - No. 2 (34). - S. 46−49.
10. Granberg A.G. Fundamentals of regional economics: a textbook for universities. - M .: graduate School Economics, 2007 .-- 495 p.
11. Sysoeva V.N. Sustainable development of the region based on the formation of innovative clusters. - Abstract of thesis ... cand. econom. sciences. - Tambov, 2007 .-- 24 p.

The Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Tatarstan informs about the beginning of the autumn selection stage for the “Regions - Sustainable Development” Annual Public Award, organized by Sberbank of Russia PJSC, VTB Bank PJSC and Rosselkhozbank JSC with the support of the Government of the Russian Federation.

The competition is a “one window” model in the selection, preparation for implementation and implementation investment projects with provision special conditions lending and investment co-financing.

Organizing Committee of the Competition"Annual Public Award
Methodological recommendations for the selection and consideration of regional projects of the participants of the Competition "Regions - Sustainable Development"(hereinafter referred to as the Competition)2018 Nov.

OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPETITION

• Selection best projects real sector economics, advanced technologies and management solutions;
• Public and state recognition of advanced experience in the sustainable development of a country, a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, a municipal formation and its subsequent dissemination in the territory of the Russian Federation;
• Development of public-private partnerships;
• Drawing attention to the investment potential of the regions of the Russian Federation;
• Drawing attention to problem areas that are lagging behind in terms of their development;
• Providing objective information to the leadership of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, municipalities and industry enterprises about the real situation around the implementation of investment projects;
• Formation of a positive image of the spheres of housing and communal services, water supply and waste management, and the establishment of a stable consciousness among citizens that the situation in these sectors can be changed.

PURPOSE OF THE COMPETITION

PROCEDURE FOR SELECTION AND SUBMISSION OF PROJECTS FOR PARTICIPATION IN THE COMPETITION
Projects that meet the following criteria are allowed to participate in the Competition:
The project should be implemented on the territory of the Russian Federation and contribute to the achievement of positive social change in society; The project should be aimed at solving the existing economic and social problems; improving the investment climate of the entity; the emergence of long-term, sustainable positive socio-economic changes; improving the quality of life of the region's population. The project should contain a certain degree of novelty in the approach to solving social problems or an innovative component; The project must have the potential for replication in other regions of the Russian Federation; The project should aim to create financially sustainable business models that can operate independently upon completion of funding .; the project budget must be provided with the applicant's own funds by at least 10%.
Projects of the following sectors of the economy are subject to selection:
Metallurgy; Chemical complex; Pharmaceutical industry; Timber industry complex; Light industry; Construction complex; Transport complex; Trade and consumer services; Hotels; Agriculture; Industries supplying material resources for agriculture (tractor and agricultural engineering, production of fertilizers and chemicals for agriculture); Industries processing agricultural products (food industry, primary processing of agricultural raw materials for light industry, for example, cotton ginning plants); Infrastructure activities serving Agriculture(procurement, transportation, storage and trade of agricultural products, etc.). Fuel and energy complex; Recreation and entertainment, culture and sportsand etc.
Projects related to:
implementation commercial activities non-profit organizations that are not related to the statutory activities of the organization and have no direct social effect; financing the activities of other organizations in terms of replenishing them loan portfolios and their creation of credit and / or other financing systems for other projects / organizations; conducting scientific research; development of various techniques; grantmaking (provision of grants, donations) to other organizations and (or) individuals; writing, publishing manuscripts in a printing house (as the main activity of the project); publishing of magazines, newspapers (as the main business idea of ​​the project); carrying out political and religious activities, supporting ethnic groups, etc .; carrying out activities that may lead to discrimination on the basis of sex, race, religion, age and sexual orientation, as well as other activities that are contrary to the constitution of the Russian Federation.
The work of the executive body of a constituent entity of the federation for the selection and submission for consideration of regional investment projects is carried out as follows:
In the period from August 01 to August 15 and from February 01 to February 15 of the current year, the employee of the Administration of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation responsible for interaction with the Organizing Committee of the Competition shall determine the list of sectoral executive bodies and interested structures formed in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation involved in attracting investments and submitted to The Organizing Committee of the Competition according to Form F-1 / K, as well as a list of municipalities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation according to Form F-2 / K:

Form F-2 / K Reference on responsible employees of municipalities of the Subject of the Russian Federation

Responsible for interaction with the Organizing Committee of the Competition from ________ (constituent entity of the Russian Federation)

Signature _____________________ signature decryption

The Organizing Committee of the Competition, within a period not exceeding 5 (five) working days from the date of receipt of the certificate presented in Form F-1 / K and Form F-2 / K, defined in clause 3.4.1., Sends information and reference materials to addresses of performers defined by Form F-1 / K and Form F-2 / K. The Organizing Committee of the Competition, in cooperation with the employee of the Administration of the subject of the Federation, who is responsible for interaction with the Organizing Committee of the Competition, determines the date, time and topic of the vibinar with the performers determined by Form Form F-1 / K and Form Form F-2 / K, taking into account the timing no later than, than September 15 in the autumn and March 30 in the spring stages of the selection of investment projects. The executors designated in Form F-1 / K and Form F-2 / K, defined in clause 3.4.1., Select investment projects and send them in the period from September 01 to October 15 and from March 01 to May 15 of the current year to the responsible for interaction with the Organizing Committee of the Competition, an employee of the Administration of a constituent entity of the Federation of applications for industry projects with copies of applications of Participants in the form given in clause 3.5. By the executive authority of the subject of the federation, a generalized regional application in the form of:

Chairman of the Government _____________ (subject of the Russian Federation)

Signature ____________________________ signature decryption

With the attachment of copies of the applications of the Participants in the form:

continuation

***below you must indicate the name of the property and the total area

Head of the company _______________________ signature ________________

Within the timeframes established by the Regulations for consideration of competitive applications, the Organizing Committee of the Competition shall form and send to the address of the constituent entity of the Federation a certificate on the consideration of regional applications in the following form:

Signature ___________________ transcript

PROCEDURE FOR CONSIDERATION OF DOCUMENTS AT THE STAGE OF DECISION-MAKING BY THE BANK IN THE ORDER OF EXECUTION OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE EXTERNAL EXPERT ON FINANCE

• Selection of promising regional projects for investment;
• Active participation of the Bank's territorial divisions as an external expert of the Competition in finance in the preparation for implementation and as a Lender in the implementation of investment projects;
• Fixing the terms of consideration of applications and documents at the stages of making preliminary and final decisions;
• Close and productive interaction with the working bodies of the Competition;
• Studying the real state of affairs in the application of state support funds within the framework of the existing FTP and regional development programs in the implementation of regional infrastructure projects, an active positive influence on the process by participating in the implementation of investment agreements as a Party by agreement, a member of the coordination council for the implementation of an investment project.

Financial documents

A copy of the company's balance sheet for the last 2 annual reporting dates as part of balance sheet, income statement, statement of changes in equity, statement of movement Money, a report on the intended use of funds, explanations to balance sheet and the income statement, drawn up in accordance with the requirements of the current legislation, with a mark of acceptance by the tax inspectorate or a receipt for the acceptance of documents by the tax inspectorate (when submitting reports to in electronic format) (for organizations using the regular taxation system)

(Name of the regional bank) as part of the selection of projects implemented with state support, I considered the possibility of lending to the following project:

Name of the project - "_______________________".

Initiator of the project - "_______________".

Brief information on the project:

* In case of a decrease in the cost of the project after the examination of the estimate, the amount of investment of each participant is reduced proportionally. Participation shares remain unchanged.

We propose to consider the following indicative lending conditions.

Based on these risks, we believe that financing of this project is possible if following conditions:

Expert _________________________ / ____________ /

Reconsideration of the project, which received a negative opinion of the regional representative of the external expert of the Competition in finance, is allowed only if it is revised in accordance with the recommendations issued by the regional representative of the external expert of the Competition in finance. The conclusion upon re-examination of the project shall be issued in accordance with clause 5.3.4.1. - 5.3.4.6. Decision of the collegial body of the Bank:

INVESTMENT AGREEMENT

6.ADDRESS OF THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE OF THE ANNUAL PUBLIC AWARD
"Regions - Sustainable Development"

Indicative conditions will be determined in accordance with the Decision of the Bank's body for granting loans and investments "General conditions for financing priority investment projects received from the executive authorities of the Russian Federation for implementation with state support"