Tspi 22 railway crossings by pipelines. Instructions on the crossing of railway lines of Russian Railways by engineering communications
Slings are called segments of ropes or chains that are fastened in a special way. The slings are provided with suspension devices that help to fasten the load quickly and conveniently. Slings are marked in without fail: if the information on the tag is missing, or it is impossible to read, such slings are considered defective.
Marking is the application of inscriptions, symbols, drawings on an object. Marking helps to identify an object without any extra effort: it fixes its characteristics, properties, features.
Documents defining labeling requirements
The procedure for marking cargo slings in Ukraine determines current legislature. The key document of the industry is DSTU B V.2.8-10-98. It is written in it:
- requirements for the manufacture of cargo, multi-branch slings;
- sling testing procedure, safety factor;
- rope requirements: materials, types, strength;
- requirements for labeling and mandatory information in the product passport.
So, the document says that a tag must be attached to each line. In addition, the way it is attached must be such as to ensure the safety of the marking until the end of the life of the sling.
The label on the tag contains:
- name of the manufacturer;
- load capacity of the product;
- serial number of the product;
- month and year of manufacture.
In addition, the sling is applied to each link and hook by the impact method: manufacturer's name, permissible load, year of product testing (in the format of the last two digits).
The product data sheet contains more detailed information. So, here, in addition to the above information, the length of the product, the number of them in one batch, the results of inspections and tests should be affixed. In addition, the passport indicates the warranty.
Another document that specifies the requirements for marking slings is TU U 29.2-22959884-011:2005. The technical specifications indicate the requirements for marking chain slings. In addition to the information provided for by DSTU, the tag must indicate:
- strength class;
- the number of turns and the caliber of the chain (shot);
- indication specifications manufacturing;
- conformity mark DSTU 2296 (for certification).
What should be the tags
The legislation provides for requirements for the content of the marking and its quality: the marking must remain legible throughout the entire life of the sling. Tag material may vary. For chain slings, the material of the tags is provided for by the specifications - they must be metal without fail.
The tags are stamped, and then the necessary information is applied by impact. Some tags are thermally printed with information, but then the key information required by law is applied with an impact method.
Metal is not used when marking textile tape and round slings, as it can damage the slings during their operation. For such products, leather or synthetic tags (high-strength plastic) are used.
On tags made of leather or synthetic materials, the necessary information is applied using thermal printing. Indelible ink is used for marking.
Manufacturers independently determine the shape of the tags. Most often they are simple: oval, square, circle. Curly tags are used by those companies that want to emphasize form style: hexagonal, octagonal and more design solutions that can carry additional functional load.
Location for tags
Locations for attaching tags can be general or specific. The method and place of fastening are determined by the technology used for making slings, what material is used.
In the manufacture of chain slings, the tag is attached to the first connecting element, or bracket. Another option is to attach it to a hanging link. On rope slings made both by crimping and riveting, tags are placed either on the body of the sling or on the loop. In the manufacture of round-spinning, textile slings, the tag is attached at the place where the tapes are fastened. On loop slings, the tag is placed at the very base of the loop.
Slings are marked in the manner prescribed by law. The marking must be clear, legible and reliable: the tag serves throughout the entire life of the product. Proper marking of slings is a guarantee of their high quality and durability, confirmation of the reliability of the manufacturer.
Rope slings- these are flexible lifting devices made of a piece of steel rope with various endings (hooks, grips or brackets), with the termination of the endings by manual braiding, pouring or crimping with an aluminum sleeve, they are made of a rope with a diameter of up to 90 mm and a load capacity of up to 100 tons. Rope slings manufactured by Sevzapkanat meet the requirements of RD-10-33-93.
- Safety factor 6:1*
- Load tested 125%
- Working temperature from -40С to +100С
- Resistant to sudden dynamic loads
- Doesn't break instantly
- Ease of culling
- By default, they are made of non-galvanized rope using the winding method
Attention!
We produce specialized products designed for a narrow profile of application (marine industry) according to customer drawings, such as: towing braga, semi-braga, pendant, bridle, cable lashing.
Rope sling marking
All slings are labeled with the following data:
- manufacturer's name or trademark
- serial number of the sling; - carrying capacity
- factory test date (month, year)
ATTENTION!
- The condition of the slings must be checked within the time specified in the product passport.
- It is forbidden to use slings in the presence of mechanical damage, slings with a missing tag on it, as well as slings that have not passed a scheduled check.
- The use of slings at temperatures above 1250C reduces the load capacity of the sling by 25%.
- Depending on the slinging scheme, the lifting capacity of the sling varies according to the table (page 3-2).
- When lifting with a loop, it is necessary to ensure that the sling does not move in relation to the load being lifted during lifting.
*Unless otherwise specified safety factor.
Change in the carrying capacity of the sling depending on the scheme of slinging the load, kg
Sleeve marking
At the request of the customer, it is possible to mark the slings on the sleeve.
ATTENTION! Marking of the Maritime Register on the sleeve only made of galvanized rope.
Marking on the sleeve for slings made from a rope of large diameter by crimping.
USK1 (UNIVERSAL SLING ROPE TYPE 1 (LOOP))
Designation example: USK1-3.2/8000
braid without braid
Preparation method:
"-" - impossible to make
VK
Designation example: VK-2.0/5000
winding
* An asterisk marks the parameters of the lines, which are calculated and may differ from the actual ones.
** Please ask your contact manager for exact details.
Preparation method:
"c / c" - braiding or crimping with an aluminum sleeve (spinning)
"in" - crimping with an aluminum sleeve (spinning)
"-" - impossible to make
USK2 (UNIVERSAL SLING ROPE TYPE 2 (RING))
Designation example:
USK2-2,0/5000 braid with braiding.
Length is folded.
* An asterisk marks the parameters of the lines, which are calculated and may differ from the actual ones.
** Please ask your contact manager for exact details.
Preparation method:
"c / c" - braiding or crimping with an aluminum sleeve (spinning)
"in" - crimping with an aluminum sleeve (spinning)
"-" - impossible to make
USK2 (UNIVERSAL SLING ROPE TYPE 2 (RING)) WITH PETROL
Sling 1SK (SINGLE STRING ROPE)
Designation example: 1SK-1,6/8000 braid with braid
Preparation method:
"c / c" - braiding or crimping with an aluminum sleeve (spinning)
"in" - crimping with an aluminum sleeve (spinning)
"-" - impossible to make
2SK (DOUBLE SLING ROPE)
Designation example: 2SK-1,6/8000 made of galvanized rope with coiling
Preparation method:
"c / c" - braiding or crimping with an aluminum sleeve (spinning)
"in" - crimping with an aluminum sleeve (spinning)
"-" - impossible to make
3SK (THREE-WAY ROPE SLING)
Example of designation: 3SK-2,0/8000 braid without braid from galvanized rope
Preparation method:
"c / c" - braiding or crimping with an aluminum sleeve (spinning)
"in" - crimping with an aluminum sleeve (spinning)
"-" - impossible to make
Sling 4SK (FOUR-WAY ROPE SLING)
Designation example: 4SK-1,6/8000 braid without braiding from galvanized rope
Preparation method:
"c / c" - braiding or crimping with an aluminum sleeve (spinning)
"in" - crimping with an aluminum sleeve (spinning)
"-" - impossible to make
SLING ROPE LOOP HOLDING TYPE SKPu
It is intended for fixing a package of long-length cargo (pipes, profile and long products, etc.), for carrying out loading and unloading operations with the same sling and holding the package in this state during transportation and storage.
The sling complies with the requirements of PB 10-382-00 and RD 10-33-93 with a change in 1RD 10-231-98 and a set design documentation SZKV 303631014.
SKPu A/V
A - lifting capacity of the sling, t
B - inner diameter of the loop (ring), mm
Designation example: SKPu-3.2/800
ROPE SLINGS
On request, we produce a sling in combination with various types of hooks, grips, staples, lanyards, enlarged links for a crane hook, from ropes of other GOSTs (which do not contradict the requirements of the regulatory document).
EXAMPLE OF POSSIBLE OPTIONS FOR ROPE SLING ENDS:
GUY GUYS
We manufacture cable-stays from a rope of any diameter and thimbles for them according to terms of reference Customer.
Guy wires:
Wrapping method
Rope and chain slings must be branded or firmly fixed with a metal tag indicating:
· serial number sling according to the numbering system of the manufacturer;
lifting capacity of the sling in tons;
test dates (month, year).
It is also recommended to indicate the name of the manufacturer or its trademark. In some cases, manufacturers indicate Additional information: lanyard designation, length, etc. In fig. 3.11 shows what the sling tags might look like.
On branch slings (see Fig. 3.10) a tag 1 attached to the hanging link. There are branch slings, in which the marking mark is applied on the hinged link, but there is no tag. On universal slings, the tag can be fixed in the braid, the stamp can be embossed on the crimping sleeve.
What types of textile slings are made?
In accordance with RD 24-СЗК-01-01, textile slings of the following types are manufactured.
1. branched (Fig. 3.12, but):
1ST (single branch textile sling) - carrying capacity
0.5 ... 12.5 t;
2ST (two-branch textile sling) - carrying capacity
0.5... 15 t;
ZST (three-branch textile sling) - load capacity 1 ... 20 t;
4ST (four-branch textile sling) - carrying capacity
1... 12.5 t.
2. Universal (Fig. 3.12, b-d):
STP (textile loopback sling) - carrying capacity 0.5 ... 20 t;
STK (textile ring sling) - carrying capacity 0.5 ... 20 t;
STKk (textile ring sling round-strand) - load capacity 1 ... 100 tons.
Rice. 3.11. Sling tags
Rice. 3.12. Textile slings:
a - type 2ST; b - STP type; c - STK type; g - type STKk; 1 - textile branch; 2 - casing; 3 - fibers; 4 - label
For the manufacture of textile slings, synthetic materials are used: polyester, nylon, polypropylene. Textile tape slings are sewn from a flat woven tape. Round-strand slings STKk consist of many endless annular polymer fibers 3 enclosed in a protective casing (sleeve) 2. In addition to the most common types listed, textile slings and other designs are made.
What should be indicated on the label of a textile sling?
For each textile sling (see Fig. 3.12, in) a label (tag) is sewn on 4, which indicate the information necessary for its operation:
sling designation;
the trademark of the manufacturer;
the name of the material from which the sling is made;
lifting capacity of the sling when using the main methods
slings;
Working length
· test date;
line number.
With what safety factor are slings made?
The safety factor is the ratio of the breaking load of the rope (chain) to the load in a separate branch of the sling. It shows how many times the tension of the branch of the sling should be less than the breaking load of the rope (chain) from which the sling is made.
Slings from steel ropes must be made with a safety factor of at least 6 (six times safety factor).
Chain slings must be made with a safety factor of at least 4.
Slings made of vegetable and synthetic fibers must be made with a safety factor of at least 8.
ATTENTION! Although the slings are designed with a safety margin, it is unacceptable to exceed the capacity of the sling indicated on the tag.
