Monolithic house 25 floors. Design and construction of a multi-storey (25-storey) multi-apartment residential building of superior comfort

The utility model relates to the field of construction and concerns the constructive implementation of many storey building and can be used in the construction of a 25-storey building of increased comfort and security and is aimed at economical use of the entire space of the building while minimizing the building material used in the construction of the building. The residential building is made in the form of a 25-storey residential one-section building of a square shape with an underground and overground parts, consists of a frame, with load-bearing external and internal columns, internal longitudinal inter-apartment and inter-room partitions, transverse stiffening diaphragms and a monolithic stiffening core of the elevator assembly with shafts, contains a technical underground and a technical attic, which contains the machine room of the elevators. In the technical underground there is a ventilation chamber, an electrical panel room, a heat metering unit, an ITP, a pumping station for domestic and drinking water supply and a firefighting pumping station. The outer walls of the underground part are made of monolithic reinforced concrete with insulation, and the outer walls of the above-ground part are made of two-layer, hinged with floor-by-floor support on the ceilings, the inner layer is made of aerated concrete blocks, the outer layer is a heater made of mineral wool boards plastered on a grid. The internal walls of the underground part are made of reinforced concrete with a thickness of 200, 400 mm, and internal walls the aboveground part - monolithic reinforced concrete with a thickness of 200 mm, while the columns of the house are made of monolithic reinforced concrete, having a different section, decreasing from bottom to top.

The claimed utility model relates to the field of construction and relates to the structural implementation of a multi-storey building and can be used in the construction of a 25-storey building of increased comfort and safety.

A multi-storey building is known that contains external and internal walls, a ceiling, a staircase and an elevator, separated from each other by a T-shaped corridor connected by a common corridor with rooms (see MNIITEP " Sample project 17-storey rotary residential block sections of the PZM series with a non-residential 1st floor 2.8 m high PZM-3 / 17N1 ”, issue of 2004).

Also known is a multi-storey building (the closest analogue) containing external and internal walls, ceiling, stair-lift node with a corridor and rooms connected by a common corridor. The outer wall of the building, which bounds the staircase and elevator assembly, is moved away from it at a distance, forming a L-shaped room with the corridor of the staircase and elevator assembly, connected from the side of the elevator to the common corridor of the building, while the ceiling of the staircase and elevator assembly forms with the ceiling of the building a single hard disk with the ability to ensure the perception of horizontal forces by it (RU 77315 U1).

However, all previously known buildings do not provide sufficient spatial rigidity and stability of the building with optimal use of the internal space of the building.

The disadvantages of analogues also include the use a large number building materials for the construction of the building.

The objective of the claimed utility model is to eliminate the above disadvantages.

Thus, the technical result, to which the claimed utility model is directed, is the economical use of the entire space of the building while minimizing the building material used in the construction of the building.

The residential building is made in the form of a 25-storey residential one-section building of a square shape with underground and above-ground parts, consists of a frame, with load-bearing external and internal columns, internal longitudinal inter-apartment and inter-room partitions, transverse stiffening diaphragms and a monolithic stiffening core of an elevator node with shafts, contains a technical underground and a technical attic, which is insulated and contains the machine room of the elevators. In the technical underground there is a ventilation chamber, an electrical panel room, a heat metering unit, an ITP, a pumping station for domestic and drinking water supply and a firefighting pumping station. The outer walls of the underground part are made of monolithic reinforced concrete 200 mm thick with insulation from polystyrene foam slabs 100 mm thick, and the outer walls of the above-ground part are made of two-layer 405 mm thick, hinged with floor-by-floor support on the ceilings, and the inner layer is made of aerated concrete blocks 300 mm thick, the outer layer - insulation made of mineral wool boards 100 mm thick, plastered on a grid. The inner walls of the underground part are made of monolithic reinforced concrete with a thickness of 200, 400 mm, and the inner walls of the above-ground part are made of monolithic reinforced concrete with a thickness of 200 mm. The columns of the house are made of reinforced concrete, having sections:

External - 300*600 (750, 900) mm,

Internal:

From those underground to the 5th floor - 400 * 600 (900) mm,

From the 6th floor to the 10th - 400*600 (800) mm,

From the 11th to the 15th - 400*600 (700) mm,

From the 16th to the 20th - 400*400 (500) mm,

From the 21st and above - 400 * 300 mm.

The inter-apartment partitions are made of three layers 210 mm thick, from two layers of gypsum tongue-and-groove plates 80 mm thick with filling the internal space with 50 mm thick basalt-fiber plates.

Interior partitions are made of gypsum tongue-and-groove plates 80 mm thick

Landings and flights of stairs are made of prefabricated reinforced concrete, and elevator shafts are made of monolithic reinforced concrete with a wall thickness of 200 mm.

The outer walls of the aboveground part can be made of two-layer 495 mm thick, hinged with floor-by-floor support on the ceilings, and the inner layer is made of expanded polystyrene concrete 375 mm thick, the outer layer is made of facing ceramic brick 120 mm thick

Engineering equipment is attached to the building structure using vibration and sound insulation pads.

An acoustic suspended ceiling is installed in the electrical room.

An acoustic gap is made between the walls of the elevator shafts and the adjacent premises of the apartments.

The structural scheme is a monolithic reinforced concrete frame, with load-bearing columns, internal longitudinal and transverse walls (stiffness diaphragms) and a monolithic stiffening core of the lift unit. The spatial rigidity and stability of the building is ensured by the joint work of columns and stiffening diaphragms with monolithic disks of interfloor floors and roofing.

Residential building - a 25-storey, one-section building, square in plan, with dimensions in the axes of 27.10 × 27.70 m. The height of the building is up to 75.00 m (from the level of the planning mark of the passage to the bottom of the windows of the last residential floor).

The height of the technical underground is 2.8 m, the first floor is 3.0 m, the second floor is 3.0 m, the standard floor is 3.0 m, the technical attic is from 1.9 to 2.2 m (from floor to ceiling).

Communication between floors is carried out by means of two elevators with a carrying capacity of 400 kg and one elevator with a carrying capacity of 1000 kg (with the possibility of transporting fire departments) and one stairwell type H1;

The technical underground is intended for wiring engineering communications and placement of technical premises. There are three exits from the technical underground. The technical attic is designed as "warm" to reduce the heat loss of the building and heated by the inflow of warm air into it from the ventilation ducts of the house. Air is removed through a single exhaust shaft. The machine room for the elevators is located in the technical loft.

In the technical underground there are: a ventilation chamber, an electrical panel room, a heat metering unit, an ITP, a pumping station for domestic and drinking water supply, and a firefighting pumping station.

On the ground floor are located: entry group, consisting of the premises of the lobby, elevator hall, concierge with a private bathroom.

Set of apartments - 1.1.1.2.2.2.2.3.

The nomenclature and area of ​​apartments are based on marketing research.

The area of ​​​​the premises of the apartments: kitchen - 11.7-13.0 m2, entrance hall - 7.3-17.7 m2, common room 19.0-20.5 m2. Areas of apartments (min/max): one-room apartments - 46.7/47.6 m2, two-room apartments - 63.9/72.0 m2, three-room apartments - 90.40 m2.

Food preparation on electric stoves.

All apartments have balconies (glazed).

Bathrooms in one-room apartments combined, in two and three-room apartments - separate.

Garbage removal is carried out by means of an installed garbage chute with valves on each floor.

The outer walls of the underground part are monolithic reinforced concrete made of class B25 concrete with a thickness of 200 mm; insulation - polystyrene foam boards 100 mm thick. Vertical waterproofing - gluing, from one layer of rolled-on waterproofing with a protective layer of full-bodied ceramic bricks 120 mm thick.

External walls of the above-ground part:

Option 1:

Two-layer 405 mm thick, hinged with floor-by-floor support on the ceiling: the inner layer is made of aerated concrete blocks 300 mm thick, the outer layer is insulation made of Nabosil-type mineral wool boards 100 mm thick, plastered over the grid.

Option 2:

Two-layer 495 mm thick, hinged with floor-by-floor support on the ceiling: inner layer - foam polystyrene concrete 375 mm thick, outer layer - ceramic facing brick 120 mm thick;

The internal walls of the underground part are monolithic reinforced concrete made of class B25 concrete with a thickness of 200-400 mm.

The internal walls of the above-ground part are monolithic reinforced concrete made of class B25 concrete with a thickness of 200 mm.

Jumpers:

internal - prefabricated reinforced concrete according to the series 1.038.1 - 1 issue. one; external prefabricated polystyrene concrete.

Columns - monolithic reinforced concrete of class B25 concrete with a section:

external - 300 × 600 (750, 900) mm; internal:

from the technical underground to the 5th floor - 400 × 600 (900) mm; from

6th to 10th floor - 400 × 600 (800) mm; from 11 to 15 floors - 400 × 600 (700) mm; from the 16th to the 20th floor - 400 × 400 (500) mm; from the 21st floor and above - 400 × 300 (300) mm;

Partitions:

Inter-apartment - three-layer 210 mm thick: from two layers of gypsum tongue-and-groove plates of the Knauf system 80 mm thick each with filling the internal space with 50 mm thick basalt-fiber plates;

Interroom, in bathrooms - gypsum tongue-and-groove systems "Knauf" 80 mm thick;

Landings - prefabricated reinforced concrete.

Flights of stairs - prefabricated reinforced concrete.

Elevator shafts - monolithic reinforced concrete 200 mm thick from B25 class concrete.

Ventilation blocks - from tongue-and-groove gypsum boards 80 mm thick supported on the ceiling on each floor;

Smoke exhaust shafts - monolithic reinforced concrete 200 mm thick from B25 class concrete with steel sheet lining inside.

Bathrooms - from tongue-and-groove gypsum boards 80 mm thick.

Fencing of loggias - ceramic facing brick 120 mm thick Ceiling - monolithic reinforced concrete of B25 class concrete 200 mm thick (above the technical underground, first floor and in the attached part); 180 mm (above the 2nd - 25th floors).

The coating is monolithic reinforced concrete of class B25 concrete with a thickness of 200 mm. Insulation: above the warm attic of a residential building - basalt-fiber rigid slabs 100 mm thick.

The roof of the residential building is flat, with an internal organized drain. Roofing - rolled from two layers of deposited materials: the top layer - "Bipol TKP", the bottom layer - "Bipol CCI" on a cement-sand screed 30 mm thick; razuklonka - aerated concrete crumb fraction 10-20 mm thick from 20 to 120 mm.

Windows and balcony doors - PVC profile with noise dampers and double-glazed window type OP V2 (4M1-8-4M1-8-K4).

Glazing of loggias - PVC profile with single glazing.

Doors: external entrance - insulated metal, into a smoke-free staircase and on transitional loggias - metal-plastic; vestibule - according to GOST 24698-81, internal - according to GOST 6629-88.

The laying of engineering communications is provided for in communication niches located in the corridors common use which allows for trouble-free maintenance.

To reduce noise levels, the following solutions are provided:

Fastening of devices and elements of engineering equipment to building structures using vibration and soundproof gaskets that prevent the spread of vibration and noise through building structures;

An acoustic suspended ceiling is installed in the electrical room;

Glazing of loggias;

The device of acoustic gaps between building structures and elevator shafts.

Arrangement of inter-apartment partitions from two layers of pago-ridge gypsum blocks with a middle layer of a soundproof mineral wool layer.

The internal networks of the domestic drinking and fire-fighting water supply are taken separate:

Household and drinking - two-zone: I zone (1-13 floors); II zone (14-25 floors);

Fire-fighting - single-zone (1-25 floors).

Fire-fighting water supply - from the water supply of the building with the laying of a separate annular internal fire-fighting water supply network with the installation of fire hydrants D 50 mm on it.

To ensure the required pressure and water flow for domestic and drinking and fire-fighting needs, the ITP provides for the installation of three groups of booster pumping units.

At the entrance to the building, a water metering unit is provided, equipped with a water consumption meter and a magnetic filter, with the installation of bypass lines and the installation of electric valves on them.

At the inputs to the apartments, it is planned to install apartment-by-apartment meters of cold water, hot water and pressure regulators.

Hot water supply - from ITP.

Firefighting:

Internal - from fire hydrants with a diameter of 50 mm, with a water flow rate of 7.5 (3 × 2.5) l / s. To reduce excess pressure, fire hydrants are provided with the installation of diaphragms.

The waste disposal system of the building is equipped with automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing devices, a system for washing and disinfecting trunks. To connect the hoses of fire engines, the internal cold water supply networks are equipped with two fire nozzles with a diameter of 89 mm brought out to the outside with connecting heads.

Intra-apartment fire extinguishing - with the installation of a separate tap (type PK-B) on the network of household and drinking water supply, equipped with a hose with a diameter of 19 mm and a length of 15 m, as a primary fire extinguishing agent.

Water disposal:

Domestic sewerage - gravity.

Drainage - gravity, with the removal of rain and melt water from the roof through the network of internal drains and the discharge of rain and melt water into the projected outdoor network rain sewer.

Heating, ventilation.

Connection of heating and ventilation systems to heating networks - according to an independent scheme through surface plate heat exchangers, hot water supply systems - according to a closed mixed two-stage scheme, through surface plate heat exchangers.

Parameters of the coolant at the outlet of the ITP:

For heating and ventilation systems - 95-70°C;

For hot water systems - 60°C.

Heating:

Residential premises - two-pipe two-zone systems with lower wiring of the supply line with apartment-by-apartment horizontal wiring. The 1st heating system serves the living quarters from the 1st to the 13th floor. The 2nd heating system serves the living quarters from the 14th to the 25th floor. In the collectors at the entrances to the apartments, it is planned to install metering units for thermal energy and coolant. Apartment-by-apartment wiring is provided from cross-linked polyethylene pipes laid in the floor structure.

Heating appliances - steel panel radiators with built-in thermostats.

Heating of vestibules, garbage chambers and entrances is provided by an independent branch.

Heating devices of garbage chambers and switchboards - registers from smooth pipes.

Ventilation:

Residential premises - forced-air and exhaust systems with natural impulse. The extract is made through channels of kitchens, bathrooms and bathrooms. The influx is unorganized. Separate exhaust ducts are provided in the apartments of the last 2 floors with the installation of individual household fans.

Smoke ventilation:

To ensure smoke-free escape routes in the initial stage of a fire, smoke-proof ventilation systems are provided.

Smoke removal is carried out through smoke exhaust valves in smoke exhaust shafts using roof fans.

Air is supplied to the elevator shafts.

Fans of a pressurization of air are located in separate ventilation chambers on the roof of the building.

Power supply:

Elevators, smoke exhaust and air pressurization fans, emergency lighting, fire and security alarm devices, obstruction lights are classified as electrical receivers of category I of power supply reliability and are powered through AVR devices.

UER-type cabinets with apartment-by-apartment electricity metering devices and automatic switches are used as floor electrical panels.

In each apartment, apartment shields are installed, on which protection devices for the intra-apartment network are mounted.

Distribution networks are carried out by cables, group networks - by wire.

Methods for laying cables are selected in accordance with the requirements of the PUE.

The normalized illumination of the premises is adopted according to SNiP 23-05-95 * and is provided by lamps with energy-saving fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps.

Protection of distribution and group lines against short circuits and overload is provided by automatic switches. At the input of apartments and in the socket network, installation of residual current devices (RCD) is provided.

Type of grounding system - TN-C-S. At the input of the consumer, a potential equalization system is performed. In the switchboard rooms, the device of the main ground bus (GZSH) is provided. All non-current-carrying parts of electrical equipment that are not normally energized must be grounded. In addition, an additional potential equalization system is available for the bathrooms.

Lightning protection of the facility is provided, in accordance with the requirements of the instruction SO-153-34.21.122-2003 for level III, by applying a lightning protection mesh to the roof of the building with its subsequent connection to the external ground loop.

Communication and signaling networks:

Telephone installation:

A technical room on the 1st floor has been allocated for the placement of communication equipment. Internal networks are laid by cable with a 19"" cabinet with an optical cross-connect, switching equipment of telecom operators and a digital cross-connect in the PBX room on the 1st floor.

Radio coverage:

Internal networks are laid by wire with the placement of radio racks of the RS-1 type with subscriber transformers of the TAMU-25T type on the roof.

Dispatching:

Internal networks are laid with category 5e cable with hubs located in the electrical room and in the machine room of the elevators.

Collective television reception system (SKPT):

Internal networks are laid by cable with placement in the PBX room on the 1st floor of the optical receiver and amplifying equipment.

Fire alarm:

In the hallways of the apartments there are autonomous smoke detectors.

Escape routes - manual fire detectors.

Internal networks are laid by cable.

Warning system and evacuation management:

Warning system - 2 types with equipping the house with sound annunciators and light indicators "Exit".

Networks are laid by cable.

Access control and management system:

The entrance to the entrance is equipped with an intercom.

Thus, the claimed set of features disclosed in the claims of the utility model fully ensures the achievement of the claimed technical result.

1. A residential building, characterized by the fact that it is made in the form of a 25-storey residential one-section building of a square shape with underground and above-ground parts, consists of a frame with load-bearing external and internal columns, internal longitudinal inter-apartment and inter-room partitions, transverse stiffening diaphragms and a monolithic the stiffness core of the elevator unit with shafts, contains a technical underground and a technical attic, which is insulated and contains an elevator machine room, while in the technical underground there is a ventilation chamber, an electrical panel, a heat metering unit, an ITP, a pumping station for domestic and drinking water supply and a fire extinguishing pumping station, while the outer walls of the underground part are made of monolithic reinforced concrete 200 mm thick with insulation from polystyrene foam plates 100 mm thick, and the outer walls of the above-ground part are made of two-layer 405 mm thick, hinged with floor-by-floor support on the ceilings, and the inner layer is made of aerated concrete blocks of thickness 300 mm, the outer layer is a heater made of mineral wool slabs 100 mm thick, plastered on a grid, while the inner walls of the underground part are made of monolithic reinforced concrete 200, 400 mm thick, and the inner walls of the above-ground part are monolithic reinforced concrete 200 mm thick, while the columns houses are made monolithic of reinforced concrete, having sections:

Internal:

interior partitions are made of gypsum tongue-and-groove plates 80 mm thick,

landings and flights of stairs are made of prefabricated reinforced concrete, and the elevator shafts are made of monolithic reinforced concrete with a wall thickness of 200 mm.

2. Residential building according to claim 1, characterized in that engineering equipment is attached to the building structure using vibration and sound insulation pads.

3. Residential building according to claim 1, characterized in that an acoustic suspended ceiling is installed in the switchboard.

4. Residential building according to claim 1, characterized in that an acoustic gap is made between the walls of the elevator shafts and the adjacent premises of the apartments.

5. A residential building, characterized by the fact that it is made in the form of a 25-storey residential one-section building of a square shape with underground and above-ground parts, consists of a monolithic reinforced concrete frame with load-bearing external and internal columns, internal longitudinal inter-apartment and inter-room partitions, transverse stiffening diaphragms and a monolithic stiffening core of the elevator unit with shafts, contains a technical underground and a technical attic, which is insulated and contains an elevator machine room, while in the technical underground there is a ventilation chamber, an electrical panel room, a heat metering unit, an ITP, a pumping station for domestic and drinking water supply and a fire extinguishing pumping station, at the same time, the outer walls of the underground part are made of monolithic reinforced concrete 200 mm thick with insulation from polystyrene foam plates 100 mm thick, and the outer walls of the above-ground part are made of two-layer 495 mm thick, hinged with floor-by-floor support on the ceilings, and the inner layer is made from expanded polystyrene concrete 375 mm thick, the outer layer - from facing ceramic brick 120 mm thick, while the inner walls of the underground part are made of reinforced concrete with a thickness of 200, 400 mm, and the inner walls of the above-ground part are made of monolithic reinforced concrete 200 mm thick, while the columns of the house are made monolithic of reinforced concrete, having sections:

External - 300 × 600 (750, 900) mm,

Internal:

Ever since. undergrounds on the 5th floor - 400 × 600 (900) mm,

From the 6th floor to the 10th - 400 × 600 (800) mm,

From the 11th to the 15th - 400 × 600 (700) mm,

From the 16th to the 20th - 400 × 400 (500) mm,

From the 21st and above - 400 × 300 mm,

partitions between apartments are made of three layers 210 mm thick from two layers of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs 80 mm thick with filling the internal space with 50 mm thick basalt fiber slabs,

partitions between rooms and in bathrooms are made of gypsum tongue-and-groove plates 80 mm thick,

landings and marches are made of prefabricated reinforced concrete, and elevator shafts are made of monolithic reinforced concrete with a wall thickness of 200 mm.

6. Residential building according to claim 5, characterized in that engineering equipment is attached to the building structure using vibration and sound insulation pads.

7. Residential building according to claim 5, characterized in that an acoustic false ceiling is installed in the switchboard room.

8. Residential building according to claim 5, characterized in that an acoustic gap is made between the ceilings and the elevator shafts.

Similar patents:

The project presents apartment house, consisting of five multi-storey blocks with a maximum height of up to 25 floors. The building is designed for 713 apartments. The building also houses built-in premises intended for offices, post offices, and trade pavilions. The project of a 25-storey building was carried out by professional engineers of the Mosproekt company.

Technical and economic indicators

Plot area: 1.46 ha

Building area: 3446 m2

Area of ​​apartments (without balconies): 42454.4

Building volume: 225671 m3

Number of apartments: 713

Floors: 20, 25

Basement level: yes

Explore other projects of residential buildings on our website.

Architectural solutions

The projected residential complex consists of five houses of 20-25 floors. Dimensions of the building: 18.6 x 159.4 m, maximum height: 74 m. The project of the 25-storey building includes a basement with a through passage along the entire complex. The first level includes apartments, as well as built-in premises for shops, an office center, a post office with independent exits to the street. The floor also has separate entrances to the residential part, concierge room, lobby. On the other levels there are apartments, including those with free planning. Communication in the building is provided by stairwells, elevators. Each residential module is equipped with exit pits and garbage bins.

Structural and space-planning solutions

The frame of the building is planned from monolithic reinforced concrete structures. External wall materials: monolithic reinforced concrete, solid brick. Finishing is made according to the ventilated facade system using porcelain stoneware. The plinth is lined with Putilov stone. The foundations are monolithic reinforced concrete slabs on a pile foundation. Interior decoration of apartments in the project is not provided.

Ready-made design solutions presented on the Mosproekt website are being finalized taking into account the requirements of the customer. Together withdesign of multi-storey residential buildings , bureau specialists are also ready to offer:

— building control;

— development of project documentation;

Sincerely, date, signature

The project presents an apartment building consisting of five multi-storey blocks with a maximum height of up to 25 floors. The building is designed for 713 apartments. The building also houses built-in premises intended for offices, post offices, and trade pavilions. The project of a 25-storey building was carried out by professional engineers of the Mosproekt company.

Technical and economic indicators

Plot area: 1.46 ha

Building area: 3446 m2

Area of ​​apartments (without balconies): 42454.4

Building volume: 225671 m3

Number of apartments: 713

Floors: 20, 25

Basement level: yes

Explore other projects of residential buildings on our website.

Architectural solutions

The projected residential complex consists of five houses of 20-25 floors. Dimensions of the building: 18.6 x 159.4 m, maximum height: 74 m. The project of the 25-storey building includes a basement with a through passage along the entire complex. The first level includes apartments, as well as built-in premises for shops, an office center, a post office with independent exits to the street. The floor also has separate entrances to the residential part, concierge room, lobby. On the other levels there are apartments, including those with free planning. Communication in the building is provided by stairwells, elevators. Each residential module is equipped with exit pits and garbage bins.

Structural and space-planning solutions

The frame of the building is planned from monolithic reinforced concrete structures. External wall materials: monolithic reinforced concrete, solid brick. Finishing is made according to the ventilated facade system using porcelain stoneware. The plinth is lined with Putilov stone. The foundations are monolithic reinforced concrete slabs on a pile foundation. Interior decoration of apartments in the project is not provided.

Ready-made design solutions presented on the Mosproekt website are being finalized taking into account the requirements of the customer. Together withdesign of multi-storey residential buildings , bureau specialists are also ready to offer:

— construction control;

— development of project documentation;

Why the Soviet panel houses not to look without tears, how house-building plants have gone from shovels to robots, what can be in common between elite classes and comfort? BN learned firsthand how a modern panel house is built.

It would take a long time to list what is cool in the work of a journalist (and what is not very good). But one of the most obvious advantages, it seems to me, is the opportunity to see with your own eyes how certain processes work, to get first-hand explanations. The most memorable episodes of my ten years of journalism practice were visits to manufacturing enterprises - from hydroelectric power plants and car assembly, instilling a feeling that the uprising of the machines will begin precisely from car factories, to agricultural companies - where else the city dweller will be able to live see how robots milk a cow!

Real estate is something that most people cannot do without throughout their lives. Of course, before buying a home, many are interested in what technology the house was built on, what materials were used. You don’t want to freeze in your own apartment in the winter.

There are many types and series of houses, at the editorial board we decided to focus on the common ones today panel houses. The panel gained great popularity due to the lower cost than that of a monolith or brick, and the speed of construction using panel technology is higher. The cost of an object directly depends on the consumption of materials, as well as on the timing of construction: building very quickly and very slowly is equally expensive.

In order to find out how such houses are built, we turned to LSR Group, one of the construction companies that make extensive use of seamless panel house building technology, and in mid-July met with the head of the production and technical department, Alexei Perepelkin.
We decided that the Novaya Okhta residential complex, located in the east of the city, would be the most visual. Now it presents different stages of implementation, which will allow you to see with your own eyes the technological stages of implementation - from the first floors under construction to the already occupied houses.

The whole world is striving for manufacturability of construction, trying to make it so that as little as possible has to be done by hand, and from the point of view of this desire, the production of parts at the factory with subsequent assembly at the construction site is, in general, an ideal. Now the production part of LSR Group includes about 30 enterprises and covers reinforced concrete products, foundation piles, concrete mixtures, solutions, brick, aerated concrete, sand and gravel.

For example, a 24-storey point house requires about 3 thousand rubles. reinforced concrete products different configurations. The speed of construction itself largely depends on the well-functioning of logistics processes. On average, the erection of a point high-rise building panel technology takes about two years.

Stages of construction of a 25-storey point building of LSR Group

Zero cycle: piles are driven in, LSR makes the basement and the first floor monolithic, which is necessary for the rigidity of the building

After that, the installation of panels begins, which represent the skeleton of the building, they are mounted up to the roof

Subcontractors enter the business, the established pool of which, taking into account the volume of construction, includes several dozen companies. Roofers begin to do the roofing, at the same time the insertion of windows begins

Facade workers immediately follow the window makers, who stuff mineral wool from the outside, then plaster it, putty it, and paint it. At the same time, they try to match the more or less warm period

Inside, specialized organizations install heating, ventilation, water supply systems, etc., then the apartments are finished

As for the production technology itself, it is specifically at the plants of LSR Group that automated system design. To put it into words, flash cards with drawings are inserted into the machines, and the equipment, without the participation of an installer, puts the mixture into a special form, compacts, grinds and releases the panel. The system allows you to quickly make changes - the architect just needs to redraw the drawings, release them in in electronic format, and the production line is almost immediately rebuilt.

The principle of conveyor production itself has remained the same, but now robots are used, and earlier, Alexei recalls, mixtures were thrown at construction plants with shovels and then leveled by hand. Well, a lot depends on the culture of production: before, builders could simply give up on some imperfections.

In Russia, the culture of production and, in general, the performance of any kind of work is still far from the culture of Finnish developers, whose panel houses are set as an example for Russian construction companies- the latter are constantly accused of losing their panels to their foreign counterparts.

“Have you seen 25-storey panel houses in Finland? In St. Petersburg, of course, low-rise panels are also being built, but the design and technological operations in the construction of high-rise panel houses significantly different from low-rise ones. And, of course, this is due to the culture of production, including the careful handling of building materials, which we did not have and which is not created in one year. But the situation is improving. I came to work at house-building factory No. 4 in 1984, worked there for ten years, I have been working at LSR Group for 19 years and I can say that changes in positive side there is,” explains Alexey, while we are walking among the panels painted in light green color.

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24-storey houses can be built from panels that will cover the distance between St. Petersburg and Moscow

In addition, the consciousness of buyers is changing. “Clients' requirements for the quality of housing are growing more and more. This forces developers to develop technologies, select contractors, train them, and develop finishing standards. When you build 500 thousand square meters. m per year, it is impossible to think through each house individually, so standards must be developed,” he adds.

If we do not take into account the Finnish experience, I, like many potential buyers, are scared off by an unpresentable appearance Soviet panel houses with bare seams and peeling gray cladding, and it’s hard to get rid of the thought that the same thing could happen to my newly acquired modern panel.

“Did you know that old-style panels are almost impossible to paint? The panels of the previous generation, in general, are still being produced, since there are no technologies that are only good and only bad, each has its own advantages and disadvantages. But those panels most often had a textured layer, made at the factory in the form of tiles, or textured concrete, and it is very difficult to restore. In addition, in the Soviet Union there was no sense of responsibility for collective property, so it was almost impossible to collect money from the residents to paint the house. Now with mandatory contributions to the fund overhaul we are taking steps towards caring for collective property. As a car needs to be serviced during operation, so does a house. Actually, in many respects this is why Soviet panel houses now look the way they look. It is difficult to compare panels with that period. Now, if you look at our house, - Alexei stretches his finger towards the inhabited high-rise building, - you will not be able to determine whether it is panel or, say, monolithic, since there are no seams, it is plastered and painted.

9 mm Makarov pistol cartridge
unable to penetrate 120 mm reinforced concrete panel

In suture technology, just the seams are the weakest point. “I now live in a house built using seam technology, and the seams have to be redone every five to six years. The sun, wind, water make them unusable, therefore, the seams begin to leak. In seamless technology, a reinforced concrete panel is used, on which a heater is put on. We can freely change the thickness of the insulation, which is impossible in seam panels. In addition, there are physical moments, nod if you understand in the course of the conversation, ”Alexey looks at me with some doubt.

In physics, there is the concept of “dew point”: when the temperature is minus outside, plus inside, then zero is somewhere in the middle, and condensate falls around zero. The farther from the inner surface is the insulation, the further the dew point from the room. In a three-layer panel using seam technology, the insulation is inside, therefore, in any case, it works worse than the one on the outside. Pushing the dew point as far as possible to the outer surface will make the house warmer and less humid. In addition, the closer the insulation is to the outer wall, the higher the vapor permeability should be - it is necessary that the moisture that forms in the insulation can evaporate freely. If the insulation is filled with a layer of concrete in a three-layer panel, it is clear that this layer will not provide proper evaporation.

30 days
The Great Owl can be kept in the Leningrad Zoo for an amount equal to the cost of two reinforced concrete panels

There is an opinion that panel houses can only be in the low price segment. In response to this, Alexey stunned that in terms of sanitary and epidemiological requirements, there is no particular difference between expensive and cheap housing. “Insolation, the quality of water supply, heating, ventilation - everything is done according to the standards. Society is developing in the direction of greater comfort,” he states, adding that the company has panel facilities with additional expensive options that are business class, for example, the Europa City residential complex on Medikov Avenue. The facade is made ventilated, ceramic hollow tiles were used as facing material. “The fact that the complex was built using panel technology does not in any way reduce the quality of life. Any building should be considered from the point of view of living comfort. But it is difficult to build an elite house from panels, since panel housing construction has limitations on space-planning solutions: a room of 50 sq. m not to do. If you can drill holes in monolithic reinforced concrete where you want to drill, then you won’t be able to behave freely with the panel, ”concluded Alexey.

It cannot be argued that the current panel is the limit and nothing better will be invented. The development of building technologies goes in parallel with other areas, with chemistry, with the processing of materials. Something new appears, it gets into construction. “A house is a conglomeration of all things that exist on the market. I still found the times when older designers said: “ plastic pipes for heating? It can not be!" It will still develop,” Alexey assures in parting.

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