How to compose an analysis of income tax. Analysis of indicators of income tax declaration
Objectives, content and information support for the analysis of the use of profit.
Lecture number 8
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2. Pankov V.V. Analysis of the content of some indicators financial condition business. - Economic analysis... Theory and practice. 1 (16) - January 2004.
3. Pankov V.V. Analysis of the content of some indicators of the financial condition of the business. - Economic analysis. Theory and practice. 2 (17) - February 2004.
4. Pogostinskaya N.N., Pogostinskiy Yu.A. System analysis financial statements... - SPb .: Publishing house of Mikhailov V.A., 1999 .-- 96 p.
5. Pyastolov S.M. Analysis of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise. Textbook. - M .: Masterstuvo, 2001 .-- 336 p.
6. Savitskaya G.V. Analysis of the economic activity of the enterprise. Textbook. - 2nd ed., Rev. and add. - M .: INFRA-M, 2003.- 400 p.
7. Finance. Textbook. - 2nd ed., Rev. and additional / Ed. V.V. Kovalev. - M.: TK Welby, Prospect Publishing House, 2004 .-- 512 p.
Permanent capital - its components are III and IV sections of the balance sheet liabilities (Capital and reserves and Long-term liabilities
Topic: Analysis of the distribution and use of profits (2 hours)
Targets and goals: teach the method of conducting factor analysis net profit and determine the reserves for the use of the company's net profit.
Study questions:
1. Tasks, content and information support for the analysis of the use of profit.
2. Analysis of income taxes.
3. Analysis of the formation of net profit.
4. Analysis of the distribution and use of net profit.
5. Analysis of the company's dividend policy.
Training information
The balance sheet profit generated at the enterprise is distributed in two directions:
1) one part goes to pay taxes and fees → goes to the state budget and is used for the needs of society;
2) second part remains at the disposal of the enterprise, from which deductions are made to charitable funds, payment of% for a loan, economic sanctions and other costs covered by profit.
The remaining amount is net profit, which is used to expand production, material incentives for employees, replenishment working capital, for the payment of dividends. So what is the content of this analysis? Content in ensuring that the distribution of profits is optimal in meeting the interests of the state, enterprises and workers. The state is interested in getting as much profit as possible for the budget; the company's management seeks to direct large amount profits for the expansion of reproduction; and workers are interested in raising wages. It is important that the proportions between these three directions are respected. If the share of profit on material incentives for labor decreases, then this, in turn, will lead to a decrease in the material interest of workers and to a decrease in production efficiency. This problem is especially acute in conditions of inflation, when real wages are falling, it is determined real pay index: if the real pay decreases or remains at the same level, or, but not in the same way as in other enterprises, workers will demand an increase. Therefore, every enterprise should have found the best option distribution of profits and main role should play this analysis economic activity.
The objectives of the analysis are:
Examine the factors behind changes in taxable profit;
Determine the amount of PE and deductions to funds;
Determine the dividend paid;
Find the optimal reserves for the sustainable functioning of the enterprise.
Sources of information: for the analysis, the Law on Taxes and Fees, instructions and instructions of the Ministry of Finance, the Charter of the enterprise, data accounting report“On profit and loss”, statement of capital flows, settlement account No. 81 “Use of profit”, calculation of taxes on property, on profit, on income.
This analysis begins with a study of their composition and structure.
In this case, the structure is determined, the change according to the plan and for the past period is analyzed. Further, the factors influencing the change in the amount of taxes are determined.
A change in the amount of property tax (N im) can occur due to an increase or decrease in the average annual value of property (I m) and the rate of property tax (C n): thus, it is possible to establish the influence of each component on the amount of this tax:
or - at the expense of the tax rate;
0 - planned or base value;
1 - reporting year.
Income tax: Depends on taxable income and tax rates. To calculate the influence of these factors on the change in the amount of tax, it is necessary to change the value of each type or total amount taxable income multiplied by the planned tax rate; and the change in the level of the rate - by the actual taxable income. Those. as in the previous formula.
Income tax amount(N p) may change due to the amount of taxable profit (P n) and the income tax rate (C n):;
1.3) Non-operating financial results.
3rd level:
1.1.1. The volume of sales of products.
1.1.2. Product structure.
1.1.3. Average selling prices.
1.1.4. Production cost.
1.3.1. From securities.
1.3.2. From the rental of fixed assets.
1.3.4. From debt write-off.
4th level:
1.1.5. products:
Incl. growth in resource prices;
Growth in resource intensity.
All of these factors are multiplied by their change in comparison with the baseline and tax rate during the reporting period.
The tax base for corporate income tax consists of all income received, both from sales and non-sales, minus those available in the same reporting period expenses. Thus, in the most general approximation, these are four main components in the formula, two with a plus and two with a minus, which determine, taking into account the applicable rate, the final amount of tax to be paid. An analysis of profit before tax, including those based on these indicators, makes it possible to judge the success of the company as a whole, as well as the correctness of its accounting. But first things first.
Analysis of the tax base on your own
tax code quite clearly defines the list of receipts and costs, which in turn form the total income from sales (direct and indirect), non-operating income and, accordingly, production and sales costs and non-operating costs. In the income tax return, all these indicators are presented in total amounts, as well as with a breakdown by individual items. It is possible to trace information about the share of certain specific income or expenses using the company's accounting data, for example, in cards for various accounts of the chart of accounts accounting... The importance of such an analysis of profit before tax is reduced to assessing the share of certain indicators in the total base for income tax.
So, for example, for a company that resells goods, the main cost item is the cost of products purchased for subsequent sale. And, accordingly, the trade margin that such a company uses in its work should cover all associated costs, such as staff salaries, office rent, and storage facilities, transportation and packaging costs, etc. Of course, the activities of the organization will be profitable only if the added markup covers, among other things, the paid income tax and other budgetary payments. Thus, the company in question can draw up a simple diagram in which it will highlight the percentage ratios of certain cost items and specific types of income received. Such an analysis of income and expenses of the current period can help to optimize the resulting profit from similar activities in the future. Such an analysis is applicable to almost any company whose line of business is largely unchanged, that is, to calculate a similar profitability in the state of the company providing services, production organizations, and also firms using special modes. It is only necessary to take into account the peculiarities of work within the framework of each such commercial education.
Profit analysis by tax inspectors
If the companies themselves analyze the indicators own profit in order to optimize costs and increase profitability, then representatives of the auditing structures are engaged in the same research in order to identify tax violations leading to understatement of budgetary allocations. This is done according to the data provided by the reporting. As mentioned above, in the income tax declaration, most of the items for specific income and expenses are highlighted, and the total amount of income and expenses is also indicated. These indicators are often compared with data for previous years thus, the dynamics in the development of the company and the success of its commercial activities... Of course, the demonstration of a loss according to the data of the declaration may raise questions, especially if in previous periods the company showed a stable profit.
Another way to analyze profit before tax is to compare the indicators of the declaration with the data. accounting statements as well as information provided in the VAT return.
So, for most income and expense items in tax and accounting, a direct relationship can be identified. Information on income received and expenses incurred in the framework of the main activity, as well as on non-operating indicators, is for the most part the same, if we are not talking about some specific points. But usually in such situations, one or another type of income or costs is simply reflected not in the "main" items, but in additional - non-operating in tax accounting or in other accounting. Thus, the total amount of income and expenses in such cases is the same. However, there are situations when certain indicators are taken into account for accounting purposes, but are not taken into account in the profit tax. It is rather an exception, but it should not be forgotten either. So, for example, in accounting, income is considered a gratuitous financial aid the founder of his company. In tax accounting, this income does not affect the tax base if it is contributed by the founder with a 51% or higher share in the authorized capital.
The situation is similar with the tax base for profit and VAT. Usually, the two declarations coincide, relatively speaking, the income parts, that is, the amounts of the declared sales. Indeed, a company on a DOS is a VAT payer, and accordingly, receipts from customers should form, according to the same principle, income accounted for for the purpose of calculating profit tax and the value of goods, works or services subject to VAT. Typically, tax inspectors carry out such an analysis at the end of the year, comparing the data in the annual income tax return and the sum of the corresponding indicators in four quarterly VAT reports. This allows for the most part to level the amount of value added tax paid on the advances received, which are not income when using the accrual method for income tax. Nevertheless, we must not forget that such advances, taken into account in the VAT tax base, may still leave some inconsistencies with profit before tax at the end of the year. There are also a number of operations that are taken into account when calculating value added tax, but do not affect profits at all. So donation property to a third party from the point of view of calculating VAT is a sale, that is, 18/118 of the cost of such an object must be taken into account in the increase tax base... However, in terms of profit, the value of the transferred property does not belong to income, and the increase in the tax does not affect.
But it is impossible to track the correctness of the reflection of expenses between income tax and VAT returns. First of all, because in the total amount of expenses on profit, a considerable part of the costs is occupied by the fund wages, that is, the salaries themselves, accrued to employees, as well as contributions paid from these amounts to funds. For the purposes of calculating VAT, these amounts are irrelevant. But even when it comes about ordinary settlements with third-party suppliers and contractors, the sums of expenses in the two declarations do not completely coincide in 99% of cases. The fact is that when purchasing goods or services from firms and]]> IE on the simplified tax system]]>, the company fully takes into account the cost paid by him in the expenses for income tax, but does not reflect it in the VAT declaration, which in the documents from such the counterparty is not allocated.
Thus, if we talk about the analysis of profit before taxation, which is carried out by controllers according to the data of the submitted reports, then you need to understand that we are talking about a comparison of individual indicators highlighted in certain declarations. At the same time, such a general approach can be applied by the company itself, even at the stage of reporting.
Results of the verification analysis
The basic rule for analyzing profit before tax, as well as reflecting the company's accounting data as a whole, is that information in all reports and declarations submitted to the IFTS should be provided according to general transparent and explainable rules. Simply put, you cannot exclude some operations from some reports, but include them in others. If this is done unreasonably, then such an incorrect reflection of information is the first and main clue for a more detailed check of the company's reporting by controllers.
Discrepancies revealed in the process of checking the submitted reports, as a rule, lead the tax authorities to the idea of understating the amounts of certain taxes to be paid. In this case, the companies send a request to provide written explanations about the discrepancy between the indicators or invite them to a special commission, which will deal with the situation that has arisen. The most unpleasant consequence is the appointment on-site inspection in relation to this organization. In this case, the controllers are personally sent to the company's office in order to study the credentials and the organization of the accounting process itself, as they say, with their own eyes.
But, of course, in cases where, for some reason, according to the reporting data, it is not the income, but the expenses of the organization, which reduces the tax base, turns out to be understated, the controllers do not have any claims. In this case, the correctness of the calculation of tax payments is not monitored. And to indicate to taxpayers that with the correct reflection of certain indicators, they could save on budgetary contributions, the inspectors are not obliged, this is the task of the company itself.
Continuing analysis tax burden is the analysis of income tax calculations. Reflecting such indicators as deferred tax assets and liabilities, permanent tax assets and liabilities in financial statements in accordance with PBU 18/02, expands the possibilities for analyzing calculations for income tax, in particular, it allows you to understand why, if there is insignificant accounting profit the organization is forced to make significant payments of income tax.
Net profit taking into account the requirements of PBU 18/02, it is calculated as follows (formula 4.32):
PC = Pd + SHE - ONO - Np - Pn, (4.32)
where: Pd- profit (loss) before taxation, rubles;
SHE- deferred tax assets, rubles;
IT- deferred tax liabilities, rub.;
Np- current tax for profit, rubles;
PP- payments from net profit.
In the process of analysis need to pay attention on the following circumstances:
¾ non-application of PBU 18/02 by the organization - this is justified if the organization is a small business (non-application of RAS should be recorded in accounting policies);
¾ equality of taxable profit (tax profit) and profit before tax (accounting profit ). Given the many factors that affect these rates, such an overlap is unlikely;
¾ no costs not taken into account when taxing profits, which almost every organization should have;
¾ excess of accounting profit before tax over taxable profit.
Current income tax calculated by the formula 4.33:
Нп = Well + PNO - PNA + SHE - IT, (4.33)
where: Well- conditional income tax, rubles;
PNO- permanent tax liability, rubles;
PNA- permanent tax asset, RUB
Taking into account the formulas of net profit and current tax on profit, you can form the following analytical formula, which allows you to estimate influence of factors on the net profit of the organization (formula 4.34):
Pch = Pd- PNO + PNA - N y - Pp. (4.34)
In accordance with this formula, permanent tax assets have a positive effect on net profit and a negative effect on permanent tax liabilities, notional tax and other payments made from net profit.
Taxable profit calculated by the formula 4.35:
Mon - Пд + Рп + - Рп- + Рвв - Рвн, (4.35)
where: Rn +- permanent difference (positive), rubles;
Rn- -- constant difference (negative), rubles;
Rvv- temporary deductible difference, rubles;
Rvn- temporary taxable difference, rubles.
In the course of the analysis, it is necessary to assess the deviations of accounting profit before tax from taxable profit (it is beneficial for an organization to exceed accounting profit over taxable profit), these deviations are due to the presence of permanent and temporary differences.
Permanent tax liabilities increase the current tax on profit of the reporting period relative to the notional tax and, in particular, are formed due to the following factors:
¾ adjustment (increase) tax revenues in accordance with the provisions of Art. 40 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. In this case accounting income are lower than tax revenues because transaction prices for tax purposes are increased in line with market prices;
¾ excess of actual expenses taken into account when forming accounting profit over expenses, accepted for tax purposes, for which there are restrictions on expenses (expenses for compensation for the use of personal transport, entertainment expenses, expenses for certain types advertisements, travel expenses, interest on debt obligations, etc.);
¾ the presence of expenses that are not recognized for tax purposes . These include, in particular social spending: certain types of remuneration and bonuses for employees, payment of vouchers to employees, material aid and other expenses.
Permanent tax assets reduce the current tax on profit of the reporting period relative to the notional tax and, in particular, are formed due to the following factors:
¾ the presence of income that is not taken into account for tax purposes, for example, income in the form of property received free of charge, if the authorized (pooled) capital (fund) of the receiving party consists of more than 50% of the contribution (share) of the transferring organization, interest received from the budget for late tax refund;
¾ the presence of expenses that are not recognized for accounting purposes, but recognized for tax purposes (such expenses arise, for example, in the case of a depreciation of fixed assets, which affects the value of fixed assets in accounting and does not affect the value of fixed assets in tax accounting, the markdown thus leads to the fact that accounting depreciation will be less tax and this difference will be exactly constant, etc.)
Deferred tax assets increase the current income tax of the reporting period relative to the notional tax, but lead to a decrease in income tax payable in the following periods. Deferred tax assets, in particular, are formed due to the following factors:
¾ prepayment for products sold with the cash method for the purpose of taxation of profits;
¾ excess of the depreciation amounts accrued for accounting purposes over the depreciation amounts , calculated for the purpose of determining the taxable base for income tax;
¾ carry forward of losses - the taxpayer has the right to carry forward the loss for the future within ten years following the tax period in which this loss was received; he also has the right to transfer to the current tax period the amount received in the previous tax period loss;
- losses from the sale of depreciable property - if residual value depreciable property, taking into account the costs associated with its sale, exceeds the proceeds from its sale, the difference between these values is recognized as a taxpayer's loss, taken into account for tax purposes; the resulting loss is included in the other expenses of the taxpayer in equal installments over the period determined as the difference between the period useful use this property and actual date its operation until the moment of implementation;
¾ losses from operations on assignment of rights of claim (after maturity) - the negative difference between the income from the exercise of the right to claim the debt and the value sold goods(works, services) is recognized as a loss on the assignment of the right of claim, which is included in the taxpayer's other expenses;
¾ losses on activities service industries and farms - the taxpayer has the right to postpone the loss for a period not exceeding ten years, and use only the profit obtained in the implementation of these types of activities to pay off;
¾ excessive payment of income tax to the budget;
¾ Availability accounts payable for purchased goods (works, services) when using the cash method for determining income and expenses for tax purposes;
Deferred tax liabilities reduce the current income tax of the reporting period relative to the notional tax, but lead to an increase in income tax payable in the following periods. Deferred tax liabilities are certainly beneficial to the organization, since they contribute to the growth of financial results, in particular, net profit. This conclusion is valid even taking into account the fact that taxable temporary differences lead to an increase in tax payments in subsequent periods, since “time is money” and the possibility of obtaining a “deferral” on tax payments beneficial to the organization. Deferred tax liabilities are generated due to the following factors:
¾ recognition of proceeds from the sale of products (goods, works, services) and interest income for taxation on a cash basis;
¾ excess of amortization amounts, calculated for the purpose of determining the taxable base for income tax over the depreciation amounts charged for accounting purposes;
¾ availability of prepaid expenses , which in tax accounting are immediately written off to financial results;
¾ write-off of indirect costs immediately on the financial results in tax accounting;
¾ deferral or installment plan for the payment of income tax;
¾ others.
Business analysis
The purpose of the analysis of business activity is to assess the quality of management according to the criterion of the rate of transformation of the organization's assets into cash. The speed of converting assets into money characterize not only the efficiency of the organization, but also its liquidity, solvency and creditworthiness, since the faster the business processes in the organization, the less problems it has with servicing obligations and the higher its creditworthiness.
Business activity analysis is presented by turnover rates, turnover period indicators and consolidation rates; when calculating turnover indicators, the indicators of the value of assets and revenue (expenses) are compared, while the values of assets should be taken in the average annual estimate, however, in order to analyze the dynamics of turnover indicators (especially when analyzing reports for one year), it is possible to use the values of assets at the beginning of the year in the calculations and the end of the year (comparing them, respectively, with the proceeds (expenses) for the previous and the reporting year). Asset turnover ratios show how quickly assets are converted into money, turnover period characterizes the duration of one turnover of assets, and fastening factor reflects the amount of assets required to receive 1 ruble of revenue.
The analysis of the factors influencing the business activity of the organization deserves special attention. They can be grouped as follows:
¾ asset structure: the more specific gravity outside current assets, the lower the asset turnover indicators;
¾ presence of non-performing assets: the more there are, the lower the asset turnover;
¾ scheme for the purchase of raw materials and supplies : the larger the size of the imported consignments, the larger the value of the corresponding stocks and the lower their turnover;
¾ duration of the production process: the longer the process, the lower the turnover of stocks of work in progress;
¾ competitiveness of products: the higher the competitiveness, the higher the inventory turnover finished products;
¾ the solvency of buyers and the terms of delivery of products affect the duration of the turnover accounts receivable: the higher the purchasing power of buyers, the better performance accounts receivable turnover.
The calculation of turnover indicators is made according to the following formulas.
Turnover ratio of current assets is determined by the formula 4.36:
Kota = B / OAav, (4.36)
where: V- proceeds from the sale of goods, rubles;
OASD - average annual cost current assets, rub.
Inventory turnover ratio is determined by the formula 4.37:
Kz = S / Zap.sr (4.37)
where: WITH- cost of goods sold, rubles;
Start Wed- the average annual cost of reserves, rubles.
The receivables turnover ratio is determined by the formula 4.38:
Kdz = V / DZsr, (4.38)
where: DZsr- average annual accounts receivable, rubles.
Stock turnover period is determined by the formula 4.39:
Tzap = 365 / Kz. (4.39)
Accounts receivable turnover period (collection period) is determined by the formula 4.40:
Tdz = 365 / Kdz. (4.40)
Stock fixing ratio is determined by the formula 4.41:
Z. = Zap.sr / V. (4.41)
Receivables consolidation ratio is determined by the formula 4.42:
Zdz = DZsr / V. (4.42)
4.8 Cost benefit analysis equity capital according to the "Du Pont" method
The Du Pont methodology allows for a comprehensive assessment of the main factors affecting the return on equity of an organization, namely: return on sales, business activity and equity multiplier. Therefore, it seems advisable to complete the analysis of financial results by examining this complex model, having previously reviewed the business activity indicators used in the Du Pont model.
The Du Pont model is one of the most famous models factor analysis of the return on equity of the organization, it allows you to determine the main reason for the change in the return on equity. It should be noted that the way to increase profitability due to the three listed factors depends on the specifics of the organization's activities. In particular, an organization that produces high-quality products for a segment characterized by sufficiently high incomes and low price elasticity of demand in terms of price can increase profitability at the expense of margin; at the same time, it is obvious that the specific gravity fixed costs should be reasonably low, since high margins are usually accompanied by low production and sales. In addition, since high margins are always an incentive for competitors to enter the market, the organization's management must be confident that the market is sufficiently protected from potential manufacturers. If the direction of increasing the return on equity is asset turnover, then the serviced market segment should be characterized by high price elasticity of demand and low incomes of potential buyers, i.e. in this case we are talking about the mass market, and, therefore, production capacity must be sufficient to meet demand. It is possible to increase the return on equity due to the multiplier, that is, by increasing liabilities, only if, firstly, the return on assets of the organization significantly exceeds the cost of attracted liabilities and, secondly, non-current assets have a small share in the structure of its assets. , which allows the organization in the structure of funding sources to have a significant share of non-permanent sources.
Du Pont model can be represented by the formula 4.43:
Rsk = VA / SK * V / VA * Pch / V 100%. (4.43)
In accordance with this multiplicative model, the return on equity is the product of the factors already mentioned: the equity multiplier, asset turnover, net margin.
»,
accounting automation consultant, certified 1C-Specialist,
author of courses "Profit tax, PBU 18 in 1C in practice",
"Production accounting in 1C-UPP for managers."
Working with the report "Analysis of the state of tax accounting for income tax"
In all 1C configurations that have accounting and tax accounting blocks (1C-Accounting, 1C-Integrated Automation, 1C-UPP), there is a report "Analysis of the state of tax accounting for income tax."
The report is designed to check the turnover of income and expenses taken into account when calculating the tax base for income tax, according to accounting and tax accounting data, taking into account temporary and permanent differences.
The report is not intended:
To analyze data on income and expenses related to the types of activities taxed with UTII, with the exception of those costs that are related to activities taxed by UTII, as a result of distribution according to the income received.
To analyze income that is not taken into account when determining the tax base.
The analysis is carried out by comparing accounting data, tax accounting and accounting for permanent and temporary differences. The data comparison is based on equality in turnovers corresponding accounts by type of accounting:
BU = NU ± PR ± VR
(I use the “±” sign to emphasize that the BU and OU sums must be positive, except for reversal transactions, and the sum of the differences can have both “+” and “-“ signs).
1c Report Analysis of income tax
Using the structure of the tax base, you can go to the accounting section of interest. The transition from one scheme to another is done by double-clicking on the block with the indicators of interest.
If you select the section "Tax", then the scheme "Calculation of income tax"
In the diagram, the analysis is carried out by comparing the amount of income tax according to tax accounting data (income tax declaration) and according to accounting data, taking into account the recognition and write-off of permanent and deferred tax assets and obligations ().
If the amount of income tax according to accounting data coincides with the amount of income tax according to tax accounting data, then tax accounting is regarded as correct. An exception is when there is an accounting loss for the period under review.
In this case, on the diagram, the blocks "Profit tax according to the data of taxation" and "Tax on profit according to the data of accounting books, taking into account the adjustment" are circled frame in green.
Each block of the scheme has a name and 4 amounts, according to the types of accounting - BU, NU, VR and PR
Selecting a block in the diagram for decoding (for example, Income) opens a more detailed diagram for the selected block
If there is no detailed diagram for the block, then a report on the summary transactions (turnovers) that generated the block indicators is opened.
Below is an example of decoding the block “Revenue from common types activities ".
By selecting the "Expand by documents" flag, the report expands to primary documents that formed the indicators.
Any document included in the report can be opened by double-clicking on the selected line.
Thus, successively moving from block to block and decoding indicators, you can reach primary documents,
If for the indicators of any block the equality
BU = NU + PR + BP, then such a block is surrounded by a red frame, which signals the presence of an error.
By double-clicking on such a block, we will get a decryption by turnovers. By setting the flags "Expand by documents" and "Show only errors", we detail the decryption to the documents that generated the discrepancies.
After eliminating all errors and repeating routine operations the report should not have a red box highlighting blocks:
P.S. There are situations when the calculation of income tax is correct, but the blocks are still highlighted with a red frame.
And there are also situations when it is not calculated correctly, but there are no red selection blocks.
These features of the report were explained in video annex to the seminar "Declaration of income tax in 1C - no mistakes and on time" which was held in December.
P.S. The absence of discrepancies in the checked equality BU = NU + BP + PR indicates the first formal check for correctness. The correctness of the reflection of income and expenses for accounting and tax accounting is determined by the correctness of the primary documents and the choice relevant articles expenses.
Income tax
Definition 1
Income tax is a direct tax levied on the profits of an organization, company, enterprise, bank, insurance organization, and so on.
Income tax is one of the most significant taxes in total share budget receipts Russian Federation... It makes up a significant part of the budget not only of the state, but also of the organization itself, which is a taxpayer of income tax.
To reduce its tax burden, an organization needs to use tax incentives for tax provided by the state. For recent years unstable income of taxes was noticed, as in Federal budget and to the regional budget. This is due to the worsening economic situation in the country.
Remark 1
Income tax is provided for by Ch. 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Tax Code of the Russian Federation), which entered into force on January 1, 2002.
The amount of income tax directly depends on the final financial result activities of the organization. It follows from this that for the purposes of calculating income tax, the object of taxation is the profit that arises when the income exceeds the expenses.
Income tax rate
The base income tax rate is set at 20%, except for other cases stipulated by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
The 20% rate is split by budget level:
3% goes to the federal budget, and 17% goes to the budget of the subjects.
This distribution is established for the period from 2017 to 2020. Until 2017, the tax rate of 20% was distributed as follows:
2% went to the federal budget, and 18% went to the regional.
However, for individual taxpayers, reduced rates of income tax are set, but not lower than 13.5%.
The corporate income tax has the greatest impact on the budgets of the constituent entities of the Federation, since this level the budget leaves 18% of the total tax, calculated at a rate of 20%. But given that since 2017 this figure has dropped to 17%, an increase in federal budget revenues can be expected.
Analysis of income tax revenues to various levels of the budget of the Russian Federation
Let's take for the analysis of income tax receipts from 2015 to 2016.
- The consolidated budget of the Russian Federation in 2015 amounted to 2,372,842,854 rubles.
- The federal budget of the Russian Federation in 2015 was 47,456,857.08 rubles. In 2015, the federal budget of the Russian Federation was 2%.
- The federal budget of the Russian Federation amounted to 51976964.12 rubles in 2016. In 2016, the federal budget of the Russian Federation was 2%.
- The budgets of the subjects of the federation - 467,792,677.1 rubles. In 2016, the budgets of the subjects of the federation amounted to 18%.
The budgets of the subjects of the federation - 427111713.7 rubles. In 2015, the budgets of the subjects of the federation were 18%.
The consolidated budget of the Russian Federation in 2016 amounted to 2,598,848,206 rubles.
The change for the period 2015 - 2016 was:
- The consolidated budget of the Russian Federation amounted to 226,005,352 rubles.
- The federal budget of the Russian Federation in 2015 amounted to 4,520,107 rubles.
- The budgets of the subjects of the federation are 40,680,963 rubles.
Remark 2
In percentage terms, income tax receipts for 2016 increased by 9.52% compared to 2015. Consequently, the state can carry out more special-purpose financing different spheres life of society. However, given the complex economic situation in the country, the state needs to develop a strategy to protect small, medium, and socially significant enterprises.
For this, the state creates various benefits for enterprises that need support. Currently, many methods have been developed to achieve reasonable amounts of tax payments.
