How is current income tax calculated? The procedure for calculating income tax

Current income tax is the amount of tax calculated in the reporting period. It is reflected in the report on financial results and must correspond to the amount of tax payable indicated in the declaration submitted to the IFTS.

All Russian companies are required to pay this tax to the budget. legal entities(except for those who are on the simplified tax system, UTII, UAT), as well as foreign companies that receive income from a source in the Russian Federation. Some organizations named in the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, for example, companies participating in the Skolkovo project, do not make deductions (have a benefit).

Income is the amount of revenue received as a result of the activities carried out, as well as other types of income, such as non-operating, that the organization received in the reporting period. So, for example, interest accrued by the bank, penalties received for violation of contracts by counterparties and similar receipts are recognized as income.

A company's expenses are its expenses. They can be both production (purchase of equipment, raw materials, payment of wages, depreciation, etc.) and non-production (loan interest, legal costs, exchange rate differences, etc.).

Income and expenses recorded in accounting form an indicator accounting profit or loss.

Conditional expense (conditional income) for income tax is the amount of income tax determined on the basis of accounting profit (loss) and reflected in accounting regardless of the amount of taxable profit (loss). The amount of conditional expense (conditional income) is determined as the product of accounting profit and the income tax rate established by the legislation of the Russian Federation and effective on a certain date.

Don't know your rights?

Today, according to Art. 284 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the rate is 20%. There are some exceptions for the types of activities of companies for which the rate may change. They can be found in the same article of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

How the amount of income tax is determined: formula

How the amount of current income tax is determined depends on the calculation method chosen by the company. There are two in total:

• Based on the data reflected in the accounting. It is determined on the basis of the amount of conditional income (expense) for tax, adjusted for the amount of PNO (PNA), increase or decrease in IT (IT) in the reporting period. An important condition is the correspondence of the amount of the current tax to the amount of the calculated tax indicated in the declaration for the IFTS.
• Determining the current tax based on the tax return (on the result on line 180). Choice this method does not preclude the need for accounting for permanent and temporary differences.

Any of the chosen methods must be reflected in accounting policy organizations. The tax itself, with one or another calculation option, should be equal to the amount of income tax, which is reflected in tax return.

For current income tax, the calculation formula is as follows:

After all calculations are made and the current income tax is determined, a tax return is filled out, which is then submitted to the IFTS. Reporting must be submitted no later than the 28th day of the month following the reporting period (quarter, month). And the declaration is submitted at the end of the tax period - the year (until March 28).

The current income tax, formed according to accounting data, and the tax payable, reflected in the income declaration, must match.

Current income tax is the amount that is actually payable to the budget. It is calculated for the reporting period. The current income tax is determined on the basis of the amount of contingent income tax expense (income), adjusted for the amount of PNO (PNA), and the sum of changes in SIT and SIT in the reporting period.

This line reflects information on the current income tax, i.e. on the amount of income tax accrued for payment to the budget, reflected in the Tax Declaration for corporate income tax (clause 24 PBU 18/02).

If an organization is not a payer of income tax and applies special tax regimes (pays single tax on imputed income, unified agricultural tax, etc.), in the Statement of Financial Results, the amount of taxes under special regimes is reflected instead of information on income tax.

If the payment of taxes under special tax regimes is made by the organization along with the payment of income tax, then in the Statement of Financial Results the indicators for each tax paid should be reflected separately (Appendix to the Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 06.02.2015 N 07-04-06 / 5027). At the same time, the amounts of taxes paid in connection with the application of special tax regimes, are reflected in separate lines entered by the organization after the indicator of the current income tax (Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 06.25.2008 N 07-05-09 / 3).

The amount of additional payment (overpayment) of income tax due to the detection of errors (distortions) in previous reporting (tax) periods, which does not affect the current income tax of the reporting period, is reflected separately in a separate item of the Statement of Financial Results after the current income tax item ( paragraph 5, paragraph 22 PBU 18/02, Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 12/10/2004 N 07-05-14/328).

How is current income tax determined?

Method 1. The current income tax is income tax for tax purposes, determined on the basis of the amount of contingent income tax expense (conditional income), adjusted for the amount of a permanent tax liability (asset), an increase or decrease in a deferred tax asset and a deferred tax liability of the reporting period ( pp. 21, 22 PBU 18/02).

What is a contingent income tax expense?

Answer: The conditional income tax expense is understood as the amount determined as the product of accounting profit and the income tax rate. The conditional income tax expense is reflected on account 99 “Profit and Losses” separately (in analytical accounting or on a separate sub-account) (clause 20 PBU 18/02, Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts).

What is contingent income for income tax?

Answer: The conditional income for income tax is understood as the value defined as the product accounting loss to the income tax rate. Conditional income from income tax is reflected on account 99 “Profit and Loss” separately (in analytical accounting or on a separate sub-account) (clause 20 PBU 18/02, Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts).

An organization can for reference indicate the amount of contingent expense (income) for income tax in the Statement of Financial Results (clause 25 PBU 18/02).

In the absence of permanent differences, deductible temporary differences and taxable temporary differences that give rise to permanent tax liabilities(assets) deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, the current income tax is equal to the contingent income tax expense (clause 21 PBU 18/02).

Method 2. The current income tax can be determined on the basis of the corporate income tax return (line 180 of sheet 02) (paragraph 22 of PBU 18/02).

Note that this method does not exempt the organization from the need to reflect in accounting permanent and temporary differences, permanent tax liabilities and assets, as well as deferred tax liabilities and assets (clauses 3, 7, 14, 15 PBU 18/02).

With any method of determination, the current income tax must be equal to the amount of income tax reflected in the Corporate Income Tax Return and calculated according to tax accounting data.

The method for determining the amount of the current income tax is fixed in the accounting policy of the organization (clause 22 PBU 18/02).

What accounting data is usedwhen filling out line 2410 "Current income tax"?

The indicator of this line (for the reporting period) is determined based on the indicators of the conditional expense (income) for income tax (shown separately on account 99), adjusted for the balance of permanent tax assets and liabilities, increase (decrease) in deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities .

The balance of permanent tax assets and liabilities is determined as the difference between credit and debit turnovers on account 99 (in a separate accounting of permanent tax assets and liabilities) and is reflected in line 2421 “incl. permanent tax liabilities (assets)” of the Statement of Financial Results. A negative balance of permanent tax assets and liabilities means that liabilities are larger than assets, and leads to an increase in payments to the budget. Therefore, when determining the current income tax negative balance increases the conditional expense (reduces the conditional income) for income tax.

A positive balance of permanent tax assets and liabilities means that liabilities are smaller than assets, and leads to a decrease in payments to the budget. Therefore, when determining the current income tax, it reduces the conditional expense (increases the conditional income) for income tax.

An increase in deferred tax assets means a positive difference between debit and credit turnover on account 09 “Deferred tax assets” (indicator on line 2450 “Change in deferred tax assets” of the Statement of Financial Performance) (excluding credit turnover on account 09 in correspondence with account 99 ). An increase in deferred tax assets leads to an increase in payments to the budget, therefore, when adjusting, this amount should be added to the contingent income tax expense (subtracted from the contingent income tax income).

A decrease in deferred tax assets means a negative difference between debit and credit turnovers on account 09 (indicator on line 2450 “Change in deferred tax assets” in parentheses). A decrease in deferred tax assets entails a decrease in payments to the budget, therefore, when determining the current income tax, this amount is deducted from the conditional expense (added to the conditional income) for income tax.

The decrease in deferred tax liabilities is understood as the negative difference between the credit and debit turnovers on account 77 “Deferred tax liabilities” (indicator on line 2430 “Change in deferred tax liabilities”) (excluding the debit turnover on account 77 in correspondence with account 99). A decrease in deferred tax liabilities leads to an increase in payments to the budget, therefore, when adjusting, this amount should be added to the contingent expense (subtracted from the contingent income) for income tax.

An increase in deferred tax liabilities is understood as a positive difference between credit and debit turnovers on account 77 (indicator on line 2430 “Change in deferred tax liabilities” in parentheses) (excluding debit turnover on account 77 in correspondence with account 99). An increase in deferred tax liabilities entails a decrease in payments to the budget, therefore, when determining the current income tax, this amount is deducted from the conditional expense (added to the conditional income) for income tax.

Line 2410 "Current income tax" is calculated using the formula below.

Line 2410 “Current income tax” = +/- Turnover on account 99, analytical account for accounting for conditional income tax on income +/- Difference between credit and debit turnover on account 99, analytical account for recording permanent tax liabilities and assets +/- Difference between debit and credit turnovers on account 09 +/- Difference between credit and debit turnovers on account 77

The resulting figure for the current income tax is indicated in parentheses.

Or, which is the same:

Line 2410 “Current income tax” = +/- Line indicator 2300 “Profit (loss) before taxation” X 20% (in the absence of income taxed at other rates (Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 01.24.2011 N 07-02-18 / 01) +/- Line 2421″ including permanent tax liabilities (assets) of the Statement of Financial Performance +/- Line 2450 “change in deferred tax assets” of the Statement of Financial Results +/- Line 2430″ Change of deferred tax liabilities” of the Statement on financial results

Line 2410 "Current income tax" (for the same reporting period of the previous year) is transferred from the Statement of Financial Performance for this reporting period of the previous year.

Example of filling line 2410"Current income tax"

Indicators on accounts 99, 09 and 77 in correspondence with account 68 in accounting: rub.

Fragment of the Statement of Financial Results for 2013

Solution

The amount of the current income tax for the reporting period is 1201 thousand rubles. (2,283,075 rubles + (366,403 rubles - 1,092,000 rubles) + (47,000 rubles - 21,000 rubles) - (412,000 rubles - 30,000 rubles)).

A fragment of the Statement of Financial Results in example 6.13 will look like this.

this is the amount paid out on the profit received for the last reporting period.

Accordingly, it must fully correspond to the amount that was accrued in the form of tax based on the results of a correctly completed tax return.
Current tax payments and the tax itself are fully reflected in the "Report on financial results" submitted by the organization's accountant to the authorities tax service. Typically, the amount of tax is used to explain the difference in profits in accounting and tax reports.

Types of income tax

Any organization can apply, at its choice, one of two methods for determining how much the current income tax should have, the rate for which is always the same:
on the basis of data obtained as a result of accounting monitoring. At the same time, the amount of tax paid must necessarily fully correspond to the calculated amount of the payment, which was reflected in the tax return. Usually, the current income tax is calculated based on the amount of the contingent expense for its payment, adjusted based on the requirements of the permanent tax liability, as well as the change in the amount of the deferred tax liability in the current reporting period;
on the basis of a tax return according to income tax data. In this case, the amount of the current tax will fully correspond to the amount of the calculated tax reflected in the declaration.

The method for calculating the tax amount after selection must be fixed in accounting documentation organizations.

Example of current tax calculation

Suppose that the company's profit for the last reporting period is about 800 thousand rubles. From this amount, a conditional tax will be charged in the amount of: 800 thousand x 20% = 160 thousand.
The company's permanent liabilities amount to 30 thousand rubles, the change in deferred assets is formed in the amount of 12 thousand rubles, and the change in deferred liabilities is 6 thousand rubles.
The amount of the current income tax reflected in the declaration in line 2410 will be

160 thousand + 30 thousand + 12 thousand - 6 thousand = 196 thousand rubles.

Page 6

Current income tax (current tax loss).

Definition. Current income tax (current tax loss) is the amount of actual tax that should be paid to the budget for the reporting period. It is determined based on the amount of contingent income/expense and its adjustments for the amount of permanent tax liabilities, deferred tax assets and liabilities of the reporting period.

The current income tax is equal to the amount of income tax reflected in the organization's income tax declaration and payable to the budget for the reporting period.

Current income tax (TN) is calculated using the formula:

TN \u003d UR (UD) + PNO - PNA + SHE - IT,

where UR (UD) - conditional expense (income) for income tax;

PNO, PNA - the value of the permanent tax liability (PNO) and asset (PNA);

SHE, IT - the amount of deferred tax asset (IT) and deferred tax liability (IT).

The scheme for calculating the current income tax is given in paragraph 21 of PBU 18/02.

To ensure that the current tax calculation is correct, you can perform an alternative calculation as follows:

Current tax = Taxable income x Tax rate.

on profit of the reporting period on profit

If an enterprise does not have a permanent tax liability (assets), then the absolute difference between the "notional income tax" calculated on "accounting" profits and the "current income tax" will be equal to the absolute difference between deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. After all, it is this value (adjustment) in this case that will affect the size of current tax liabilities for income tax.

Net profit (loss) excluding temporary differences will be determined by the formula:

PE \u003d BP - UR - PNO + PNA,

UR - conditional income tax expense;

PNO, PNA - the value of the permanent tax liability (PNO) and asset (PNA).

The structure of the Profit and Loss Statement corresponds to the following formula for determining net profit, taking into account temporary differences:

PE \u003d BP + SHE - IT - consumer goods,

where BP - accounting profit;

SHE, IT - the amount of deferred tax asset (ITA) and deferred tax liability (ITL);

TNP - current income tax.

Here we mean accrued or offset IT, IT, reflected in accounting entries:

Debit 09 Credit 68;

Debit 68 Credit 09;

Debit 68 Credit 77;

Debit 77 Credit 68,

which adjust the amount of income tax. These transactions have nothing to do with net income.

But in some cases, SHE and IT must be written off to the profit and loss account. Then they will have an impact on net profit and loss.

Application of PBU 18/02 in the formation of the cost construction products(construction and installation works).

The cost of construction and installation works performed is formed by adding the amounts of the cost of costs accepted for taxation purposes, and the amounts tax differences(temporary and permanent). The amount of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities does not affect the cost of work.

Let us consider the formation of permanent and temporary tax differences in the implementation of costs related to individual elements of the cost of production (works, services).

In accordance with clauses 11 and 12 of PBU 18/02, as a result of applying different methods of calculating depreciation for accounting purposes and for the purposes of determining income tax, both deductible and taxable temporary differences can be formed. The reason for the formation of differences is the difference in depreciation rates used for accounting purposes and for taxation purposes.

Examples of such differences can be: the use for accounting purposes of depreciation methods other than the method in which depreciation is accrued in proportion to the period beneficial use, or, on the contrary, when the specified method is used for accounting purposes, and for tax purposes the use of a non-linear depreciation method is chosen.

The basis for the normal functioning of any commercial structure is to achieve the greatest benefit from the sale of goods or services produced, i.e., making a profit. Based on the importance of this indicator for the company, a special role is played by income tax (ITT). All enterprises applying OSNO calculate and pay it, guided in the calculation by the provisions of Chapter 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, and when reflecting the differences between the tax and accounting- PBU 18/02 "Accounting for income tax calculations". Calculation of the tax taking into account the events legislative changes is the subject of this post.

Calculation of income tax in 2018

Changes in NNP calculation compared to previous years did not happen - the tax is still 20% of the difference between the total income received by the company and the costs incurred. The current income tax is calculated using the formula:

N pr \u003d NB x C n / 100,

where NB is the tax base, and C n is the tax rate.

The tax base (NB) is defined as the difference between income and expenses, reduced by the amount of losses carried over from previous periods (if any):

NB \u003d D - R - U,

where D - income, P - expenses, Y - losses carried forward into future periods.

At the same time, it should be taken into account that not all types of income and expenses are included in the calculation of NNP. TO non-taxable income include an advance payment for goods/services (if the company uses the accrual method), loan amounts, funds received in fulfillment of obligations under intermediary service contracts, the value of the participant’s contribution to the authorized capital in the form of property, property and non-property rights, and others, the full list of which is given in Art. 251 NK.

The NNP calculation does not take into account the costs of paid dividends, the amounts of fines and penalties paid to the budget and funds, contributions to the company's management company and other expenses named in the list of Art. 270 NK.

The tax amount is distributed among the budgets:

3% - in federal budget;

17% - to the regional.

A similar distribution was established for the period from 2017 to 2020 and extended until 2024 (Law No. 301-FZ of August 3, 2018). The rate of 20% is the base rate, which most companies calculate the tax on. The legislation provides for the use of reduced rates, as well as special rates (Article 284 of the Tax Code) for companies engaged in certain types activities or those in special economic zones requiring government support.

The procedure for calculating and paying income tax

The calculation of NNP starts from the beginning of the tax period, i.e. from the beginning of the calendar year, and is made on an accrual basis until its completion. If a company has losses incurred over the previous 10 years, it is given the right to reduce the amount of current taxable profit for the year by 50%, and transfer the balance of the loss to subsequent years (Article 283 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Organizations may have different reporting periods. It could be a month, two months, three months, etc. (if monthly advance payments are calculated), or a quarter, half a year, 9 months. Tax is paid for reporting periods throughout the year in advance payments, and at the end of it, the amount of NNP is finally adjusted. The deadlines for payment of advances on NNP are before the 28th day of the next month, and the tax for the year is on March 28 of the year following the reporting year.

Calculation of corporate income tax: an example

Format LLC, specializing in the production of souvenirs, received income in 2018:

from the sale of products - 8,300,000 rubles;

in the form of interest on investments - 600,000 rubles.

in the form of property received free of charge from the founder, whose contribution is 60% of authorized capital, in the amount of 2,000,000 rubles.

In addition, the organization took a loan from a bank in the amount of 800,000 rubles.

The firm's costs include:

cost price products sold- 4,200,000 rubles;

interest for using the loan - 1,000,000 rubles;

the cost of travel for employees to the place of work in excess of the limit - 40,000 rubles;

payment for notarization of documents in excess of the current tariff - 20,000 rubles.

The tax rate is 20% (basic 3% and 17%).

The loss for 2016 amounted to 600,000 rubles, for 2017 - 400,000 rubles. The company plans to take it into account when calculating NNP for 2018.

The procedure for calculating corporate income tax in the calculation:

The composition of taxable income includes operating income - 8,300,000 rubles. and non-operating - 600,000 rubles. The value of property received free of charge from the founder and the amount of bank loans are not included in the category of taxable income.

The composition of the costs taken into account for the calculation of NNP includes the cost of production of 4,200,000 rubles. and the amount of interest paid on a loan of 1,000,000 rubles. Expenses made in excess of the established limits in the cost structure for tax calculation are not taken into account. It is important to ensure that all costs incurred are reliably documented.

Profit \u003d 8,00,000 + 600,000 - 4,200,000 - 1,000,000 \u003d 3,700,000 rubles.

The amount of loss of previous years is 1,000,000 rubles. (600,000 + 400,000) does not exceed half of the profit in current year, so the company has the right to take it into account in the calculation in full.

The tax base was:

NB \u003d 3,700,000 - 1,000,000 \u003d 2,700,000 rubles.

Amount of NNP:

to the federal budget = 2,700,000 x 3% = 81,000 rubles;

to the regional = 2,700,000 x 17% = 459,000 rubles.

Check the correctness of the calculation by multiplying the base by total rate tax:

2,700,000 x 20% = 540,000 rubles.

The total value of NNP = 540,000 rubles. (81,000 + 459,000). The calculation is correct.