Smr in construction. Calculation of the volume of construction and installation works

Regulations and rules establish General requirements to the organization of construction production in the construction of new, as well as the expansion and reconstruction of existing facilities. These standards must be observed by all participants in the construction of facilities.

When we talk about the construction, reconstruction or repair of any building objects, we are always talking about a whole range of activities. The order of production is regulated by rules, regulations and requirements, which will lead to the desired result in the form of a strong, reliable and aesthetic building. What are construction installation work? They are a separate area of ​​construction, which cannot be dispensed with when performing capital repair work indoors, as well as during the construction of new buildings.

The definition of construction and installation work is a very broad concept. It is understood as an operational process, which includes multidirectional actions that differ from each other in many ways. Differences may be in the timing of execution, the essence of the process, methods and algorithm of construction or installation operations. The definition of construction and installation works (CEW) is a set of actions aimed at the construction, reconstruction or repair of structures and other facilities. As a rule, it is difficult for one company to complete the entire operational cycle of events. Their scale is colossal, and it is often impossible to cover all the tasks set. Today, there are many companies on the market: some carry out the entire operational process, others carry out installation or construction work. The choice of a professional with a narrow specialization determines the quality of performance. Often, in order to save money, many owners of private construction projects do some kind of work with their own hands. To attain desired result, it is important to understand the operational process, its sequence, to study the manual and the rules for performing construction or installation operations.

To date, there are three main areas:

1. General construction industry.
2. Sphere of transport and loading and unloading operations.
3. Specialized type of work.

Each of the main areas regulate the rules of production, safety standards in the implementation, technological maps, SNiP rules, state standards, ENiR calculation rules.

The essence of general construction activities

The category of general construction activities is the most extensive. The concept of this type of work contains several important stages on which the construction of buildings of any purpose depends. The entire operational process, as they say, from A to Z, must comply with the regulations and rules. The list of multidisciplinary events looks like this:

1. A complex of geodetic processes carried out at construction sites:

• control of geodetic parameters, calculations, characteristics;
• performance of production of geodetic shooting.

1. Preparatory activities that involve:

• cleaning of the territory, preparation for the start of construction processes;
• if necessary, the dismantling of structures or structures;
• construction of temporary structures for the implementation of the main complex of construction activities.

1. Excavation. The list of such activities involves the implementation of:

• production of excavations, arrangement of vertical layouts;
• production of trenches and digging of construction pits;
• work with soil, its compaction, arrangement of “soil cushion”;
• production earthworks in non-standard conditions (with subsidence of heaving soil).

Important! Earthworks involve the production of the entire range of activities exclusively by professionals. The operational life of the building, its reliability, regardless of the functional purpose, depends on the quality of such work.

In addition to the preparatory complex, general construction works also include processes that complete the main stages of construction:

1. Stone work is a special type of event, which is a set of works on the construction, strengthening of the walls of buildings, supports and pillars. Stone work also includes brick laying, decorative facade finishing. All this can be done with your own hands, but you need to know the rules, principles and technologies of construction. Having mastered the knowledge and following all the rules, you can do the work yourself, significantly saving, but without compromising the quality of construction.
2. List of concrete and reinforced concrete works includes:

• complex of reinforcing and formwork works;
• welding and installation operations;
• arrangement of monolithic structures.

1. Roofing. This type of activity is referred to as installation work. The roof crowns any structure, serves as protection from heat loss and the effects of precipitation. The degree of comfort and safety of living in the house depends on the quality of execution. The subgroup of roofing activities includes:

• installation of roofs from any materials (rolled, piece, metal and sheet);
• arrangement of a roofing pie (steam and hydroprotection of structures);
• welding and installation work on the construction of frames;
• installation of windows of any type (including skylights);
• arrangement of a drain.

1. Finishing work. This type of operation can be performed even by a novice in construction business, the main thing is to know the rules and carry out quality control at each stage. Finishing work includes:

• a complex of facade measures (decorative and protective cladding of the facades of buildings of any purpose);
• welding and assembly production of frames of internal partitions made of metal, laying bricks, drywall;
• painting and plastering complex, glazing production - aimed at decorative finishing of elements, protective cladding, glazing of structures.

1. Complex of insulation works. Its essence lies in creating maximum comfort indoors, minimizing the external negative impact of the external environment, strengthening the properties of strength and practicality. This can also include insulation with bituminous materials, reinforcing shells, plates or bulk materials.

List of common construction works, including low-current work. They represent the installation of cables and wires, the voltage of which does not exceed 25 volts. The complex is necessary for telephone installation of the building, organization of systems fire safety, alarm installations and security systems of any type.

Direction of civil works

To understand what civil works are, you need to know the very essence of construction. It is this area of ​​activity that belongs to the title of one of the oldest and most revered areas. Undoubtedly, production and technological progress are moving forward, the production of new materials has been established, effective developments and innovative solutions are emerging. This development allows the construction of reliable and durable buildings, and the aesthetics of each completed object is excellent. There are two main branches of construction: capital and non-capital. The first type includes all buildings and structures that represent the category of real estate. This means that each building is connected to the ground by means of laying the foundation. There are several types of capital construction objects:

• All types of buildings that are equipped with underground structures (plinths, foundations), as well as the ground part. This type of building system includes network engineering, organization of water supply and sewerage, ventilation systems. The general functional purpose of the category is the living and livelihoods of people.
• All types of structures, which are flat systems and load-bearing structures with above-ground and underground parts. Such facilities are intended, as a rule, for the movement of people or goods, the implementation of any production processes, as well as the storage of products. An example of this type of structures are dams, bridge structures, all types of roads (motorway, railway).
• All objects are representatives of the category of construction in progress. These include buildings for which, for a number of reasons, a permit for operation has not been made or their construction has been suspended. As long as the operational process is not completed, proper control and admission to operation is not carried out, the buildings are called typical objects of construction in progress.

Objects - representatives of the non-capital category of construction include all structures of a temporary nature. These are trade kiosks, household facilities (sheds, pantries, barns), pavilions or hangars with a collapsible design.

Types of objects and their classification

The purpose of the erected objects can be very different and perform various functions. These can be industrial facilities, residential buildings, structures for agricultural needs. In accordance with the functional purpose, construction is divided into several types:

1. The field of civil engineering. These are buildings of any number of storeys for living or public and commercial activities (administrative, retail, municipal or office).
2. Sphere of industrial construction. This category includes all work on the construction of workshops, factories or factories, any production areas, combines.
3. The sphere of agricultural construction is the construction of structures for livestock farms or agriculture. This also includes the construction of veterinary clinics, greenhouses, agricultural facilities.
4. Transport construction. The category includes the construction of bridges, tunnels, highways.
5. Hydraulic engineering. The sphere involves the construction of reservoirs, dams or canals.
6. military sphere. It involves the construction of any construction objects for military and defense purposes.

Important! All types of construction and installation activities are regulated by the norms and rules of SNiP, GOSTs, as well as ENiR standards.

The construction object is, in its own way, the final product. All costs for its production must be strictly calculated. For this, there is the ENiR system, which is a complex of pricing calculations and estimated rationing. Project budgeting without knowledge of ENiR norms is impossible. All stages should be taken into account: construction design, conclusion of contracts for the performance of work, costs for the purchase of building materials, remuneration of workers.

Levers of control

In order for the structure to meet all technical standards and comply with the highest safety class, control is necessary. We will talk about supervision, which, in essence, is a set of verification measures. The main goal is not to punish or apply fines, but to ensure that all specifications project. Technical control consists of the following stages:

1. Financial check. Control and adjustment methods are applied, the goal is to minimize financial losses and risks. Evaluation and control takes place at all stages of construction. The supervisory mechanism is especially important when money from outside investors is used to build a building.
2. Checking compliance with deadlines. At each stage, an act of completed work is issued, in accordance with which quality control is carried out.
3. Control over the use of building materials. Production and construction technologies require the use of quality building materials with a set of required properties.

Important! Regulated technical control regulations and documentation. The main levers of supervision include SNiP rules, ENiR regulations, compliance established standards GOST.

In addition to quality control of work performance, technical supervision allows solving the following problems:

• To prevent an unreasonable increase in the cost of construction and installation work and to identify the inconsistency of expenses with the agreed estimate.
• Logging control and technical documentation. Each operational process, the technology of its implementation is confirmed by an act. Data transparency allows timely detection of errors, deviations from SNiP standards or ENiR calculation rules.
• Supervision and detection of violations in the process of erecting structures, errors in parameters, inconsistencies with calculations.
• Solving problems with soil shrinkage, the appearance of cracks, deformation and other problems with violation of technical specifications.

Who is supervising? These are professionally trained people with valuable construction experience. The supervisor of construction and installation works can be design engineers, specialists in general construction works. Their main tasks are to control compliance with process technology, conduct intermediate acceptance of work, and participate in engineering inspections. As a result of the control, an inspection report is signed, which indicates the inaccuracies and the period in which the errors must be eliminated. During the construction and installation process, a technical supervision log is filled in, its maintenance is an integral part of the construction process. At the end of construction, an act of completed work is submitted.

Author's supervision as a type of control over construction and installation works

In addition to technical supervision, architectural supervision is one of the auxiliary levers for optimizing construction production and quality control at all its stages. The sphere of construction is very specific, it has rules that must be followed strictly. This is a guarantee of the success of the construction, delivery of the object of proper quality on time.

• Control may be exercised by management, legal and individuals on the basis of a signed cooperation agreement.
• It includes a number of functions for conducting intermediate checks in order to control quality and identify errors in construction technology.
• Supervision of compliance with all aspects of safety and compliance with environmental standards is carried out.
• The management can make suggestions to improve the quality and optimize the construction and installation work at the facility.

Any clauses established individually, depending on the functional and operational orientation of the construction object, can also be included in the contract.

Activation of works in the process of construction

The finished project is a complete complex. To make sure that the established norms of SNiP, ENiR and other regulatory standards are met, an act is issued. It is also necessary to draw up an act hidden works. What it is? Hidden works are "hidden" behind subsequent constructions or already completed activities. Compliance with quality standards is confirmed by an act drawn up in accordance with all the rules. The list of hidden works includes laying the foundation, land surveying, fixing wall structures. The quality of each of the above named hidden works, compliance with the norms of SNiP and other standards is confirmed by the act.

Advice! For each object, a list of hidden installation and construction works is prepared at the design stage. Such an act is rarely filled out at the stage of finishing the buildings.

Each stage is subject to separate control, even if simple repairs are made in the apartment (priming, finishing, insulation or installation of communications, and much more). An act, or a form confirming the operational process, must be drawn up by an authorized person, which is regulated by the SNiP standards.

Important!Maintenance of accompanying technical documentation is a mandatory procedure.

The act of carrying out hidden construction work is taken into account in the sixth section of the general work log. The act must strictly comply prescribed form, prepared in duplicate and signed by representatives of the construction commission. The act contains the following information:

1. A complete list of all work performed with quality control marks at each stage.
2. All information about the project documentation, which confirms the entire operational process. The section may contain drawings, diagrams, explanatory notes.
3. Entering into the act the results of measurements, calculations, which confirm the level of quality of the work performed.
4. List of conclusions indicating compliance with the norms of SNiP, ENiR and other requirements.

find today model act confirming any operational process, and a guide to filling it out, will not be difficult. There are samples on specialized construction sites.

Safety at height

As they say in the song of the same name, assemblers-workers from a height send us greetings! In fact, construction and welding installation activities at height are extremely dangerous work, requiring compliance with a number of safety rules. For such work at height, it is categorically not recommended to take on beginners without appropriate training and experience.

Important! It is necessary not only to know the specifics of work, to be instructed and to study the manual for organizing safety at height.

For the personal comfort of workers at the facility, equipment construction site requires the arrangement of sanitary and hygienic premises, washrooms and wardrobe facilities, specialized food items. Mandatory, prohibition and warning signs must be placed on the territory of the construction site. What activities relate to construction and welding and installation work at height?

1. The implementation of the ascent or descent at a height of more than five meters vertically, the angle of inclination is not more than 75 degrees.
2. All construction and welding and installation work that involves the risk of falling from a height of more than 1.8 meters or more. Including all welding and installation works that are performed on machines or mechanisms, protruding objects or structures, above the water surface.
3. Any activity on platforms that are at least 1.8 meters high, located closer than two meters to an unfenced drop, and the height of the fences is less than one meter.

The list of basic safety requirements at height includes the following items:

• permission to work is given to a person who has reached the age of 18;
• before performing welding and installation work, the specialist must undergo a medical examination;
• there are certain requirements for the qualification of a specialist and his professional readiness to perform high-altitude work.
• the frequency of training of employees should be at least once every three years (professional training and practical exercises necessarily).

Important! Before the start of high-altitude welding and installation work, a planned inspection of the site and its preparation are required.

To give permission to work, it is first clarified possible reasons falls from a height, reliability of fasteners, the presence of fragile, slippery or prone to destruction of surfaces, the strength of structures. Climatic conditions for holding high-altitude events are necessarily taken into account, a list of tools needed at height and ways to deliver them to the top is drawn up. Basic safety rules at height:

• All authorized workers must be equipped with special safety belts. Each must have a test mark, admission to work with a belt that does not have a corresponding tag is prohibited.
• High-altitude welding and installation work should be carried out only in the daytime. If the regulations require the holding of night events, admission to work requires the installation of high-quality lighting on the site.
• The admission to work in the winter period implies periodic cleaning of the surface from ice and snow.
• The manual does not give permission to work if the wind force is 6 or more. During a thunderstorm, snowfall or fog, construction work at height is also prohibited.
• All decking, transitions, fences, scaffolds are installed by specialists, taking into account load calculations. It is forbidden to move or rebuild them.
• When moving an employee up or down, he is not allowed to hold tools or equipment in his hands. It is lifted on separate cables.

Important! In addition to the direct danger of falling from the height of the worker, there is a threat of injury to people who are below. To prevent this, warning signs and barriers are installed around the perimeter of the site.

The admission of unauthorized persons to the construction site is prohibited, the management is responsible for this. Employees must not use pneumatic tools for work at height, arbitrarily build stairs without preliminary calculation of loads, carry out any activity on sites without fences or faulty structures. Compliance with safety regulations in the production process at height is a guarantee personal health employee, as well as those who are below the facility. Safety is the responsibility of management. The implementation of construction and installation activities is the most important and responsible part of the production of the entire construction process. Only competent planning, budgeting in accordance with the ENiR data, the choice of professional specialists and the optimal organization of construction and installation work together will help to achieve the desired result.

Safety in construction.

Task 1.

Actual cost level 77.5 kop/rub

Conditions of supply and staffing have not changed

The contractual price of construction and installation works under the new contract is 3075 thousand rubles.

The rate of return is 14% to related costs.

Actual cost level = Actual cost/actual revenue (rub)

UZfact= 77.5 kop/rub=0.775

Task 2.

Determine the annual volume of construction and installation works in reporting period, if:

The equipment of the organization of the OPF = 0.32 rubles. per 1 ruble of completed construction and installation works

The capital-labor ratio of labor workers = 10.5 thousand rubles per person

Average number of employees = 240 people

Capital-labor ratio \u003d OPF / Numerical average.

OPF \u003d 240 * 10.5 \u003d 2520 thousand rubles

Equipment = OPF / SMR volume

The volume of construction and installation work = 2520 / 0.32 = 7875 thousand rubles.

Actual sales revenue = 1290 thousand rubles

Planned revenue for the next year = 1420 thousand rubles.

Actual average turnover. funds = 535 thousand rubles.

Planned need for turnover.avg=545 thousand rubles.

Turnover \u003d revenue / average value (turnovers, times)

Kobor.av.av.pl. \u003d revenue planned. / av.v.s.pl. \u003d 1420/545 \u003d 2.6 (turns)

Kobor.rev.av.v.f. \u003d Vf / av.v.av.av.f. \u003d 1290/535 \u003d 2.4 (revolutions)

Duration of pl.=365/2.6=140.38=140 days

Duration of av.av.f. = 365 / 2.4 = 152.08-152 days

Release v.s.=140-152=-12 days

Task 4.

Determine the amount of planned and actual profit from the delivery of construction and installation work, as well as the planned profit rate and standard profit, if:

Actual construction and installation volume = 360 thousand rubles

Actual cost = 282 thousand rubles

Seb.according to the plan = 288 thousand rubles

Planned savings 15% of the estimated cost (costs)

Profit n.=0.15*Seb.pl=

Profit square \u003d 288 * 0.15 \u003d 43.2 thousand rubles.

Norm pr. = Planned savings

Task 5.

Defining general and particular turnover rates working capital if the revenue is:

From the sale of products 200.000r

From apartment renovation services 135.000r

From the production of construction and installation works 1470 thousand rubles

The average size of working capital is 815 thousand rubles.

Incl. production stocks 189 thousand rubles.

Construction in progress 340 thousand rubles

Wed in calculations 286 thousand rubles

1.Kob. \u003d Comp.v / Ob.av. \u003d (200 + 135 + 1470) / 815 \u003d 2.21 (vol.)

2.Kob1=Ver.real/Vol.av=200/815=0.25 (vol)

3.Kob2=Vyr conv./Vol.avg=135/815=0.17 (vol)

4.Kob3 \u003d Vyr CMP / Avg.av. \u003d 1470/815 \u003d 1.8 (about)

Repair services turn around the least.

Task 6.

Determining the number of turnovers of working capital per year and their size in the construction organization, if:

The annual volume of construction and installation works is 3240 thousand rubles.

Duration of one turnover 80 days

And evaluate the effect of accelerating turnover by 10 days

Number of revolutions = 365/80 = 4.56 (rev) per year

Avg=3240/4.56=710.53 (thousand rubles)

365/70=5.21 (rev)

Vyr=5.21*710.53=3701.86 (thousand rubles)

Effect \u003d 3701.86-3240 \u003d 461.86 (thousand rubles)

With the acceleration of turnover will be positive effect in the form of an increase in revenue by 461.86 thousand rubles.

Task 7.

Def. Additional amount of proceeds from the implementation of construction and installation works, which the organization can receive if it increases the turnover of working capital by 25%

The volume of implementation of construction and installation works is 1890 thousand rubles.

The average size of the total funds is 450 thousand rubles.

Cob.=vyr/rev.sr=1890/450=4.2 (rev)

Kob2 \u003d 4.2 * 1.25 \u003d 5.25 (about)

Vyr2=5.25*450=2362.5 (thousand rubles)

Additional Volume Comp. = 2362.5-1890 = 472.5 (thousand rubles)

With an increase in total funds by 25%, the organization will receive an additional amount of proceeds from the implementation of construction and installation works in the amount of 472.5 thousand rubles.

Task 8.

Linear start depreciation method

- rate of depreciation

-annual amount am.otch.

- residual value of fixed assets

- wear and tear coefficients

A1 \u003d per.st-t / SPI \u003d 570/10 \u003d 57 thousand rubles

А2=470/8= 58.75 (thousand rubles)

А3=195/7=27.86 (thousand rubles)

Depreciation rate:

H1=100%/SPI=100/10=10%

Rest.t-t1 \u003d primary t-t-n * A1 \u003d 570-57 * 2.5 \u003d 427.5 tr.

Remaining article 2 \u003d 470-58.75 * 1.2 \u003d 399.5 thousand rubles

Rest.st3 \u003d 195-27.86 * 3.7 \u003d 91.92 thousand rubles

Eligible coefficient 1 \u003d remaining st / original st \u003d 427.5 / 570 \u003d 0.75

Kizn.=1-Kyr.=0.25

Coefficient year.2=399.5/470=0.85

Eligible coefficient 3=91.92/195=0.47

produce according to:

-mechanical equipment of construction industry

- mechanics

1. 1340/5120=0,26

2. 1340/148=9,05

Task 10.

The conditions are the same as in 9.

Indicators:

-fundamental labor

-mechanical equipment

Task 11.

Conditions as in 9.

Capital productivity

1. 5120/1809=2,83

2. 7350/2380=3,09

Equity = OPF / Vsmr (labor extrusion)

1. 1809/5120=0,35

2. 2380/7350=0,32

(share of production funds in each ruble of proceeds)

Annual output \u003d CMP / Number.

1. 5120/148=34,59

2. 7350/214=34,35

Labor intensity = 1 / output

1. 1/34,59=0,029

Task 12.

Determine the amount of the explicit reserve for increasing the balance sheet profit, if the organizational report reflects:

Profit balance 4967

Speaking about the construction of buildings, roads and repair of objects, we mean the implementation of a whole range of activities and actions that lead to the desired result, namely, a new building or a repaired road. Construction and installation works (hereinafter referred to as construction and installation work) are just that main part of the construction industry, without which it is impossible to carry out a major overhaul of premises, or to erect new buildings.

Decryption of construction and installation works

A fairly broad definition is understood as a variety of works that differ from each other in the direction of action and means of execution. If given general definition concept, then decoding of construction and installation works will look like this - this is a set of actions for the construction of new facilities (buildings, structures), their repair and reconstruction, as well as the installation and installation of equipment. One company simply cannot do all the work, since the scale of the tasks set for it will be simply enormous. Therefore, in the construction market there are organizations whose activities have a narrower specialization. For example, there are companies engaged only in the construction and repair of roads, or firms building industrial facilities.

Types of construction and installation works

There are several main types of such work:

• general construction;
• transport and handling (delivery of materials, devices and equipment);
• special (with special kind materials).

The most diverse is the construction activity. It consists of:

• earthen (digging holes, trenches, pits), pile (driving, device pile foundations) and stone works (building walls, laying stone, etc.);
• roofing (arrangement of attic spaces, roofs), plastering (painting, pasting) and insulating;
• devices of floors, and communications;
• works on the installation of wooden, concrete and reinforced concrete, light enclosing structures;
• arrangement of the territory;
• work on the installation of technological equipment;
• and etc.

In order to finally understand what decoding of construction and installation works is, you need to understand what all types of the above works include.

Features of construction and installation works

Each area of ​​activity has a number of features and nuances. For construction and installation works, the most important criterion is quality, which depends entirely on the professionalism of employees, the competent organization of the process and the interaction of the system's links with each other. At the beginning of work, the set goals and objectives, planning and control are of great importance, and the end result is the competent and high-quality production of construction and installation works. After all, the safety of people depends on this.

The desired result is greatly influenced by proper preparation and organization of the process. Making mistakes or miscalculations can be costly for the contractor company in the literal and figurative sense of the word. Correcting defects in construction can cost a human life. Plus, it's always quite expensive. It should also be understood that when calculating construction and installation works, the use of unverified or low-quality materials, as well as unreasonable savings on mandatory cost items, is not allowed. In order to take into account all the features of construction, it is necessary to carry out all the work in stages.

Order of conduct

Deciphering construction and installation works will include the competent and consistent implementation of all stages of construction activities.

For example, before the construction of new facilities, it is first necessary to carry out geological studies of the soil of the site. It is possible that before construction begins, it will be necessary to drain the swamp or carry out drainage work to avoid flooding.

After that, you can start drawing the outline of the foundation. This is usually done with wire, wooden pegs and rope. Next, you need to dig a trench to lay the foundation of the future building. After you can proceed to the construction of walls. If a wooden building is planned, then the drafted project should be strictly adhered to. Stone walls have their own rules - for example, laying the stone strictly horizontally, dressing the seams and pouring with mortar.

After that, attic floors are laid out, windows, attics and rafters are mounted, it all depends on the number of floors of the building and the complexity of the construction. Next, the roof fronts are closed and the roofing material is laid. The next step is to carry out finishing works(external and internal), then installation of equipment (plumbing, heating systems, etc.)

The volume of construction and installation works largely depends on the tasks set. For example, one company can be directly involved in the construction of an object, but they trust another organization or do it on their own.

Organization of construction and installation works

Various subjects are necessarily involved in the process of erecting buildings and structures: designers, surveyors, equipment suppliers and customers. In order for the construction and installation process to be systematic, special attention should be paid to the organization of work.

It is better to clarify all questions on construction technology with representatives of construction and installation organizations and specialized trusts that prepare projects.

Usually the project contains a schedule of works, a general construction plan, according to which the terms of the work of the contractors are calculated and all volumes of construction and installation work are shown. In addition, this document indicates the location of the building under construction and construction sites, water and energy supply schemes, as well as the amount of materials, products and construction machines used. For complex buildings, technological maps are used, which prescribe special requirements on safety, main stages, construction technologies, etc.

The organization of production of construction and installation works is very important, because it depends on it in what rhythm assembly, carpentry and other types of work will be carried out.

What is an estimated cost?

The level of quality of ongoing construction activities largely depends on the amount of the allocated budget for construction. Therefore, such a concept as "estimated cost of construction and installation works" plays a decisive role in the workflow. It is the official confirmation of project funding. It reflects all the final figures.

Calculation of construction and installation works

Jobs are fairly easy to calculate. It is necessary to add up all direct costs (the cost of materials, wages of workers, etc.), overhead costs (administrative and economic, etc.) and planned savings. The last component is otherwise called the estimated or standard profit of a construction organization.

Construction and installation works are the most important stage of construction. Only with competent and qualified planning and organization of construction and installation works can the desired result be achieved with minimal effort, money and time.

When starting the construction of a residential or non-residential facility, the customer is often faced with the question of what construction and installation work is in construction. The abbreviation CMP is construction and installation work, which in without fail require the preparation of budget documents for all current and future expenses. The company "FabulaStroy" is ready to help its customers in the preparation of estimates of any type.

Construction and installation estimate - what can the document include?

In the course of construction, an estimate for construction and installation work will be required. As a rule, it consists of all the estimated costs, broken down into groups - the cost of materials, raw materials, labor and specialists. An estimate for dismantling may also be required, when objects already taken out of working condition during construction or repair are taken into account.

Why is it worth contacting us?

We will be able to meet the amount specified by the customer and complete the work on time.

The estimate for construction and installation work will be ready in the optimal time frame. With the company "FabulaStroy" you can significantly save your personal time and financial resources dealing with the preparation of budget documents. Contact us by phone or on the website so that we accept your application and get to work as quickly as possible.

The cost of drawing up estimates for construction work in our company depends on the labor costs of the estimator for the preparation of documentation, as well as on its volume. As well as trade - wholesale is cheaper! To roughly estimate the cost of estimates, look at the price lists of our company, and then call 8-921-956-99-58 and we will tell you the exact cost of your estimate within 10 minutes!

Prices for budgeting in construction:

• Price list №1 use if you have a project, bill of quantities, or defective act.
• Price list №2 apply if you have a project, but you still need to calculate the amount of work according to the drawings.
• Price list №3 will suit you if you need an estimate for a complex of construction works for the construction of a building or turnkey structure, including engineering systems.
• Price list №4 suitable for you if you need reporting documents KS-2, KS-3, KS-6, KS-6A, M-29 and others

Our approach to compiling budget documentation differs in that we subtly adjust to the situation of the client/customer/contractor and in some cases help to earn more money, and in others to save!

Price list No. 1 for budgeting with complete initial data

Price list No. 2 for budgeting in the absence of a bill of quantities

Price list No. 3 for drawing up estimates for the construction of a turnkey building

When regularly applying for the provision of services in the budget business to our company, we provide our customers with significant discounts! And we can also offer special rates for estimated subscription services!

Determination of the volume of construction and installation works. Rules for calculating the volume of work in construction

Scope of work for budgeting for overhaul buildings and structures are calculated according to projects, measurements in kind and sizes given in the inventory plans. Units of measurement in calculating the volumes of individual structures and types of work must exactly correspond to the units of measurement adopted in the estimated norms and given in the technical parts of the relevant chapters of SNiPs.

The scope of work is recommended to be calculated according to standard schemes, sketches and tables, which make it possible to visualize the progress of calculations and their sequence. This also greatly facilitates the verification of calculations by a second person. To calculate the work, tables should be used that take into account the specifics of these works. The calculation of the volume of work should be carried out in a certain sequence. For example, it is recommended to start calculations with foundations and basement walls, then determine the volume of earthworks. (Separately, it is recommended to calculate the volumes for the underground part of a building or structure, as well as for residential and non-residential cleanliness of the house.

When calculating the amount of work, you must adhere to the following order:

1. get acquainted with the project materials and place them at the workplace in an order convenient for rational use;
2. develop and prepare tabular forms;
3. draw up auxiliary calculation tables for typical products, structures and parts, as well as for structural elements and parts of the building;
4. calculate the scope of work using project specifications;
5. calculate the amount of work for structural elements and types of work not covered by the specifications when calculating.

• have pre-made auxiliary tables with ready-made cost estimates for typical and frequently recurring structural elements, types of work and parts of buildings, as well as for typical and standard products;
• make the most of the standard forms of local estimates with a list of the main types of work and structural elements, codes of unit prices and cost indicators;
• counting by structural elements and types of work is carried out on ready-made cost estimates or in tables in that order.

So that the results of previously performed calculations can be used for subsequent stages. When calculating the scope of work, make the most of the specifications for products and other data available in the project ( living space, effective area, working area, etc.). The list of volumes of general construction works, as a rule, consists of calculations for individual structural elements and types of work. However, it must be borne in mind that the subsections of the statement of calculations of the amount of work for structural elements do not correspond to the grouping of chapters.

Typical norms of natural loss (hard to eliminate losses, waste) of building materials

Determination of the scope of construction and installation works

Form of report on the consumption of basic materials in construction

Form explanatory note about the reasons for the overspending of basic materials

The volumes of work are calculated for estimates for the working draft or working documentation in units of measurement of the estimated norms adopted in the collections of elemental estimated norms (m3, m2, t, pieces, etc.). It should be noted that the estimated volumes mean any quantities determined according to the drawings and used in determining the estimated cost.

The calculation of the volume of work should be carried out in a certain sequence, corresponding to the technology of work, so that the results of previously performed calculations can be used for subsequent stages.

In design organizations, the amount of work on the building as a whole is calculated, as a rule, by designers, usually by technicians. For greater accuracy, it is recommended that the calculations be checked by qualified budget workers.

Determining the construction volume of a building

The construction volume of a building with an attic floor (V1) is determined by the formula:

where S1- the area of ​​the horizontal section of the building along the outer contour at the level of the first floor above the basement;

H- height along the section from the mark of the clean floor of the first floor to the top of the backfill of the attic floor.

The construction volume of a building without an attic floor (V2) is determined by the formula:

where S2- the area of ​​the vertical section of the building along the outer contour of the walls (the upper outline of the roof and the top of the clean floor of the first floor);

L- the length of the building along the outer edges of the end walls at the level of the first floor above the basement.

In both cases, the volume of passages is excluded from the volume of the building, but the volumes of loggias, niches, bay windows, verandas, vestibules, skylights are added. At the same time, the volume of porticos, balconies (open and covered) is not added to the volume of the building.

If the building has floors of different area, then for each part of the building construction volumes determined separately and then added together.

The attic room, adapted for technical purposes, is not included in the volume of the building. The volume of the attic space is taken into account.

The construction volume of a building with a basement or semi-basement is determined by the total data on the volume of its above-ground and underground parts.

The construction volume of the underground part is determined by the formula:

where S3- the area of ​​​​the horizontal section of the basement (semi-basement), measured at the level of the first floor above the basement;

H1- height from the mark of the top of the finished floor of the first floor.

Excavation

The volume of earthworks is determined according to the design data, taking into account the classification of soils, the steepness of the slopes and the depth of the base of the foundation (h). Depth of excavation or trenches for wall foundations, equipment, columns, etc. should be taken according to the design marks from the sole of the foundation (or pillow under the foundation) to the black mark of the earth ( black mark land- a mark that exists before the start of work; red ground mark - planning mark).

To determine the volume of excerpts of pits (trenches), it is advisable to preliminarily schematically (with dimensions) depict plans and sections of developments.

For a trench, the cross-sectional area (rectangle or trapezoid) is multiplied by the length. The length of the external trenches is taken along the axes of the external foundations; the length of the inner trenches is between the inner edges of the outer trenches (for trenches with slopes, the width is taken to the center line).

When determining the volume of a pit with vertical walls, the area of ​​the horizontal section of the pit is multiplied by the depth of the passage. For a pit with slopes, the volume is calculated using the formula of a truncated (inverted) pyramid:

V = h *[ a * b + (a + b) * c + 4/3 * c2)]?

Where: a and b- the dimensions of the base of the pit in the plan; c is the size of the base of the slope triangle;

h– freezing depth + 20 cm; h/c - slope steepness;

a= ?+ 0.5; b = a + 2c

ENiR UNIFIED NORMS AND PRICES FOR CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND REPAIR AND CONSTRUCTION WORKS

Collection 2.EXCAVATION (Release 1)

MECHANIZED AND MANUAL EARTHWORK

APPENDIX 2 ( SOIL AND ROCK LOOSENING INDICATORS FOR RECALCULATION OF THE VOLUME MEASURED IN A Dump OR EM-BED INTO A VOLUME CORRESPONDING TO THE NATURAL DENSITY OF SOIL OR ROCK )

When excavating soil in dumps or embankments, the volume of soil measured in a dump or embankment is recalculated into the volume of soil corresponding to the volume in the state of natural density, according to the following rules:

• for soils that have lain in the dump for more than four months or have been subjected to mechanical compaction, with a volume of work over 1000 m3, taking into account the actual loosening of the soil, established on the basis of the conclusion of the field soil laboratory, and in the absence of a laboratory - on the basis of an act approved by the head of the site;
• for soils that have lain in the dump for more than four months or have been subjected to mechanical compaction, with a volume of work up to 1000 m3 - according to the indicators of the column "Residual loosening of soils in% of the table of indicators";
• for soils that have lain in the dump for less than four months and have not been subjected to mechanical compaction - according to the indicators of the column "Initial increase in soil volume after development in% of the table of indicators".

Soil and rock loosening indicators

Example.

According to the measurement in the dump of heavy loam, which had lain for 1 month without mechanical compaction, the volume of 1867 m3 was established. According to the table, the initial increase in loam is assumed to be 27% (as an average between 24 and 30%).

The volume of soil in a state of natural density will be equal to 1867x100 / (100 + 27) = 1470 m3.

Trench volume:

V= (a + b)/2 * h * L,

Where L- the length of the trench.

The shortage of soil of the design mark should not exceed 5 - 7 cm, which are finalized manually at the installation sites of the foundations.

The width of pits and trenches along the bottom for strip and free-standing foundations should be assigned taking into account the width of the structures with the addition of 0.25 m.

If it is necessary to lower people into the pit, the maximum width between the side surface of the structure and the fastening should be at least 0.7 m.

Reinforced concrete and concrete structures/Prefabricated structures

The specifics of calculating the amount of work on the installation of prefabricated structures is that unit rates take into account the complex of works on the installation of structures without the cost of the structures themselves. Therefore, in estimates, as a rule, for the installation of structures, two positions are provided: for determining the cost of installation at the current unit prices and for determining the cost of structures - at the current (current) prices for them.

Calculating the volume of work is complicated by the fact that in some cases unit prices and wholesale prices provide for different meters, for example, estimated norms for the installation of flights of stairs are set for one structure, and wholesale prices are set for 1m2 of area and 1m3 of concrete. In such cases, it is necessary to determine both the number of structures in pieces and their area.

In this regard, attention is drawn to the following circumstance: the compiler of the statement of calculation of the scope of work uses the drawings of the project and clearly represents the design. When drawing up estimates, they usually do not resort to drawings, but are guided only by a statement of the calculation of the amount of work. Therefore, in the bill of quantities, it is necessary to give enough complete description structures.

As noted above, project specifications and structural drawings serve as source documents for calculating the scope of work. According to the specifications, the number of products is established, according to the drawings - their characteristics necessary for calculating the dimensions, concrete grades, reinforcement data, etc.

The volume of structures, including hollow ones, must be determined in a dense body.

Surcharges to the prices of blanks for the assembly and welding of frames and meshes

The concept of "reinforcement", given in the tables of the Collection No. 6 of GESN-2001<Бетонные и железобетонные конструкции монолитные>should be understood as reinforcing cages and meshes received from the manufacturer in ready-made and installed in the formwork in finished form.

Estimated prices for finished reinforcing cages and meshes (welded and knitted) are determined by the prices of blanks (code 204-0001-204-0031) taking into account allowances for assembly and bonding (knitting) of flat and spatial frames and meshes (code 204-0032-204 -0057).

Estimated prices for bent frames and meshes with no more than two fold lines are paid according to estimated prices for flat frames and meshes, and those with three or more fold lines - at estimated prices for spatial frames.

The Coordinating Center for Pricing and Estimated Rationing in Construction explains:
of the General Instructions of the Technical Part of the Collection GESN-2001-06 "Monolithic Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structures" it is clarified that the concept of "reinforcement" given in the tables of the Collection should be understood as reinforcing cages and meshes received from the manufacturer in finished form and installed in the formwork in finished form. form.

However, in the prices of the FER-2001-06 Collection, with a few exceptions, commercial reinforcement is provided in the form of blanks according to the code 204-0100 "Hot-rolled reinforcing steel of class A-1, A-2, A-3" and, therefore, it is necessary to additionally take into account surcharge to the prices of blanks for the assembly and welding of frames and meshes.
Taking into account that usually according to the project the consumption and class of reinforcement differs from the conditional reinforcement adopted in the prices of the Collection FER-2001-06, and in accordance with paragraph 1.3. The technical part of the said Collection, we consider it more expedient when drawing up the estimate documentation to exclude from the prices the cost of the reinforcement included in them, and to accept the cost of the reinforcement according to the design data, taking into account the necessary allowances for the prices of blanks for assembly and welding of frames and meshes.

Analysis of reinforcement in concrete body (%)

Foundations

The laying of prefabricated foundations is made on a ready-made sand, gravel and crushed stone base. When laying them on a concrete base, an additional layer under the soles is taken into account in m2 of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe soles of the foundations.

The cost of laying prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete foundations and foundation beams is determined per piece.

Price metal elements, not included in wholesale prices, is determined in estimates based on the design weight (mass) and prices per 1 kg. Therefore, for such structures, the bill of quantities should indicate the mass (according to the project specifications) of metal elements not included in wholesale prices.

The area of ​​wall panels, partitions, floor slabs, ceilings and landings is determined by the outer contour of the structures without deducting openings. The area of ​​flights of stairs is also calculated according to the outer contour of the products.

Estimated norms for the installation of prefabricated structures are differentiated depending on their weight, therefore, in the work calculation sheet, it is necessary to indicate for each type of product its weight in relation to the construction of norms (for example, blocks strip foundations weighing up to 0.5t; solid columns weighing up to 1.5 tons, etc.).

Monolithic structures

For most types of monolithic reinforced concrete and concrete structures, their design volume should be determined (in m3 of concrete and reinforced concrete in the case).

In the statement of calculation of the volume of work, it is necessary to indicate the design grade of concrete for each structure, since its cost at a unit rate depends on this.

The volume of monolithic structures is determined by the design dimensions without additives for concrete compaction.

When determining the volume of monolithic reinforced concrete, it is necessary to take into account the following features of its calculation for individual structures.

Column. The cross-sectional area of ​​a column is multiplied by its height. The volume of the column also includes the volume of consoles and window sills if their height is more than 2m.

Foundation. The volume is determined by the design dimensions minus the volume occupied by niches, openings, channels, wells. The volume of foundations includes the volume of window sills with their height up to 2.

Beam. The cross-sectional area of ​​a beam is multiplied by its length.

Flat plate. The area of ​​the horizontal projection of the slab is multiplied by its thickness. When determining the area, the embedding of the slab into the walls (supporting part) is taken into account.

Ribbed covers. The volume of beams and slabs is determined, and the totals are summarized.

Walls and partitions. The volume is determined minus the openings (according to the outer contour of the boxes). In the case of embedding walls or partitions in brick walls, the volume of the embedded part is also taken into account.

Brick walls

The volume of masonry walls made of bricks is determined minus the openings along the outer contour of the boxes. The volume of masonry of architectural details made from the material provided for by the norms (pilasters, bay windows, parapets, etc.) is included in the total volume of masonry walls.

Nests or furrows left in masonry for sealing the ends of beams, floor panels, slabs, as well as ours for heating, ventilation and smoke ducts, steps, etc. are not excluded from the volume of masonry. The volume of niches of internal equipment is excluded from the volume of masonry. When laying brick walls with an air gap, the volume of the air gap is taken into account.

When erecting brick structures, the type of brick (red, silicate, etc.), the number of floors of the building should be indicated, since with a building height of more than nine floors, a different brand of solution is used.

Separately, the construction of brick pillars (rectangular, round, reinforced and unreinforced) is calculated in m3.

Building frames

Structures that carry the load from the floors of the building and enclosing structures (wall panels and ceilings) are called frames: these are columns, crossbars, beams, trusses and ties. Buildings in which the load from the floors is distributed to the walls (made of bricks and blocks) are called frameless. At the same time, the "Framework" section in local estimates there is no housing and civil construction. Estimated cost crossbars, beams, trusses and ties in such cases are included in the "Floorings" and "Coverings" sections, and free-standing columns - in the "Walls" section.

The scope of work on the installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete columns and capitals is determined by 1 piece.

With a monolithic reinforced concrete frame, the unit of measurement for all reinforced concrete structures is 1 m3 of reinforced concrete in a case.

The norms for metal frames are given for 1 ton of structures, for the frames of buildings made of lightweight structures - for 100m2.

The cost of laying precast concrete slabs and panels, coatings and ceilings are determined per 1 piece.

roofs

The scope of roof covering work should be calculated on the basis of the total coverage area according to the design data, without deducting the area occupied by dormer windows and chimneys and without taking into account their lining.

The length of the roof slope is taken from the ridge to the extreme edge of the eaves.

The amount of work associated with the coating of parapets, firewall walls and other elements not related to the main roofing should be taken into account additionally.

When roofing with skylights, the roof area corresponding to horizontal projections along their outer contour is excluded. Insulation of glasses of anti-aircraft lamps and lining of the roof adjoining them are calculated additionally.

When installing rolled roofs, in addition to calculating the coverage area with an indication of the number of layers and the characteristics of rolled materials, the following are separately calculated: the amount of work on the use of coatings in m3 or m2, indicating the thickness; on the device of leveling and slope-forming screeds, vapor barrier in m2; for other elements provided for by the project, not taken into account by the prices for the roof.

openings

The filling volume of window and door openings is determined in m2 of area, measured along the outer contour of the boxes.

For gates in wooden frames, the area along the outer contour of the boxes is also calculated, and for gates in steel frames - the area of ​​​​cloths.

Window, door and gate fittings are not included in the unit prices and must be taken into account separately in the estimates.

floors

The volume of the underlying layer (preparation) for the floors is calculated minus the area occupied by furnaces, columns, protruding foundations and other similar elements. Soil compaction with gravel or crushed stone is calculated in m2.

The floor area is calculated between the inner edges of walls and partitions, taking into account the thickness of their finishes.

Finishing work

Coloring steel structures normalize according to Collection 13 GESN - 2001 "protection of steel structures and equipment against corrosion", taking the following areas per 1 ton of structures, m2:

• structures with a predominance of angle steel - 27;
• the same, channels and beams - 29;
• structures made of sheet steel with a thickness of 2.5 - 4.5 mm - 24;
• the same, over 5mm -19;
• bindings from special profiles - 75.

The amount of work on facing the surface with natural stone is calculated by the surface area of ​​the facing. The amount of work on facing surfaces with artificial marble is calculated by the expanded surface of the facing.

Plaster work

Volumes plastering works calculated separately for facades and interiors of buildings.

The plastering area of ​​the facade walls is calculated minus the area of ​​the openings along the outer contour of the boxes.

With improved and high-quality facade plastering, the area occupied by architectural details (cornices, belts, platbands and other drawn parts), as well as columns and pilasters adjacent to the building, is not included in the wall area and is calculated separately.

Window and door slopes and ebbs during facade plastering are calculated separately.

The estimated norms of SNiP provide for three types (in terms of quality) of plastering of the internal surfaces of premises: simple, improved and high-quality.

Painting works

The amount of painting work is calculated separately for the facades and for the interior of buildings.

The scope of work for painting facades with lime, silicate and cement compositions is determined taking into account the fractures of the facade walls in the plan without deduction of openings. At the same time, window and door slopes, also deployed according to the height=purness of cornices, rods and other architectural details, are not taken into account.

The scope of work for painting facades with perchlorovinyl, organosilicon and polyvinyl acetate compounds is determined by the area of ​​the surface to be painted.

The scope of work on painting the internal surfaces with aqueous compositions is determined without deducting the area of ​​window and door slopes and the sides of the niches. The area of ​​the pillars and sides of the pilasters is included in the scope of work.

The scope of work on painting the walls with oil and polyvinyl acetate compositions is determined minus openings.

blind area

The base for the blind area is calculated in m3, coatings - in m2.

Porch

The scope of work on the arrangement of porches according to the Collection 8 of GESN -2001 "Constructions made of bricks and blocks" is calculated in m2 (the norms are given for 1m2 of the porch). Wooden porches are counted in m2 of ground projection.

Ramps

Ramps are arranged for the entry of vehicles and consist of a concrete cushion 200-300 mm thick and a concrete or asphalt concrete coating. The concrete cushion is calculated in m3 (indicating the cash register of concrete), the coating - in m2 (indicating the thickness).

The issues of determining the volume of construction work are set out in more detail in the "Handbook on Estimating Work in Construction", part 1 and in B. I. Golubev's reference book "Determining the volume of construction work."