Test on the topic "Republic of Belarus". Tests: Tests National economy of Belarus Belarus in the modern world test

Test on the topic: “Republic of Belarus”.

1.Which countries does Belarus border in the northwest?

a) with Lithuania and Latvia; b) with R. F.; c) with Ukraine; d) with Poland; d) no

correct answer.

2. Name the area of ​​the territory of the Republic of Belarus.

a) 209.6 thousand km; b) 207.7 thousand km; c) 207.6 thousand km; d) 208.6 thousand km; e) 209.7 thousand km.

3. What is the height of the Minsk Upland?

a) 344 m; b) 345 m; c) 340 m; d) 341 m; e) 343 m.

4. Which of the world's largest deposits is located near Soligorsk?

a) table salt; b) table and potassium salt; c) potassium salt; d) clay,

sand, cement; d) there is no correct answer.

5. What continental climate is typical for the territory?

a) subtropical; b) equatorial; c) subarctic; d) moderate;

d) tropical.

6. What is the average temperature in January?

a) from -5 to -8 0; b) from -4 to -8 0; c) from -5 to -9 0; d) from -5 to -7 0; e) from -4 to -7 0.

7. What is the average annual precipitation?

a) 550-800 mm; b) 400-700 mm; c) 450-700 mm; d) 500-800 mm; d) 500-700 mm.

8. Which rivers with tributaries Pripyat and Berezina flow through the territory of Belarus?

a) the Dniester River; b) the Western Dvina river; c) the Dnieper River; d) the Neman River; e) the Svisloch River.

9. What is the depth of Lake Naroch?

a) 20 m; b) 27 m; c) 22 m; d) 24 m; d) 25 m.

10. What percentage of the territory is covered by swamps?

a) 20%; b) 25%; c) 30%; d) 35%; e) 40%.

11. What forests grow on chernozems and podzolic soils?

a) mixed; b) pine; c) broad-leaved; d) spruce; d) there is no correct answer.

12.By the end of what year the population of Belarus amounted to 5.7 million people?

a) 2003; b) 2001; c) 2006; d) 2008; d) 2009.

13. How many years is the average life expectancy of the population of Belarus?

a) 67 years old; b) 69 years old; c) 70 years old; d) 65 years old; d) 68 years old.

14. What percentage of the national composition of the country’s population is dominated by Belarusians?

a) 77%; b) 73%; c) 70%; d) 76%; e) 78%.

15. How many people live in Minsk?

a) 1.6 million people; b) 1.8 million people; c) 1.5 million people; d) 1.7 million people;

e) 1.9 million people.

16. In what year were 21 thousand trucks produced?

a) 2004; b) 2005; c) 2000; d) 2003; 2002

17. Despite the difficulties, what did they produce in 2004?

a) televisions; b) refrigeration units; c) all of the above options;

d) freezer; d) refrigerators.

18. What % of the territory is occupied by hayfields and pastures?

a) 30%; b) 45%; c) 50%; d) 40%; e) 20%.

19. What part of the sown area is occupied by forage crops?

a) 1/6; b) ¼; c) ½; d) 1/5; e) 1/3.

20. Which countries occupy the leading positions in the Belarusian economy in terms of investment volume?

a) USA and Germany; b) Germany and Italy; in USA; d) France; d) Poland.

Keys to the test: “Republic of Belarus”:

An important component of an effective learning process is the presence of prompt and adequate feedback in the “teacher-student” interaction, namely, systematic monitoring of the results of students’ educational activities. Tests and multi-level assignments are a qualitative measure of students’ educational achievements.

Examples.
For the position of chairman of the regional executive committee:
1) appointed by the president;
2) approved by the Council of Deputies;
3) are elected in elections;
4) are elected through various forms of direct democracy.

Classify concepts and terms according to the criteria you propose:
1) State flag.
2) Unitary states.
3) Federal states.
4) State power.
5) Theocratic states.
6) Territory.
7) Secular states.
8) Population.
9) State emblem.
10) Anthem.

Content
Methodological recommendations for the use of test and multi-level tasks in social studies
TEST TASKS
TOPIC 1. Constitution of the Republic of Belarus
§1. Basic Law of the State
§2. Fundamentals of the constitutional system of the Republic of Belarus
§3. Elections and referendums
§4. Organs state power The Republic of Belarus
§5. Constitutional rights and responsibilities of citizens
TOPIC 2. Main branches of law
§6. Civil law
§7. Basics of labor law
§8. Basics of family law
§9. Basics administrative law
§10. Criminal law
§eleven. Law enforcement agencies in the Republic of Belarus
TOPIC 3. Policy of the Belarusian state
§12. Social portrait of Belarus
§13. Belarusian socio-economic model
§14. Innovative development countries
§15. Regional and agricultural policy
§16. National and confessional politics
§17. Development of culture and strengthening the health of the nation
§18. Youth policy
TOPIC 4. Belarus in modern world
§19. The image of the modern world
§20. System international relations
§21. Global problems of our time
§22. Horizons of the information society
§23. Problems of coexistence and interaction between countries and peoples
§24. The future of humanity
Test tasks for the conclusion lesson
MULTILEVEL TASKS
Topic 1. Constitution of the Republic of Belarus
Topic 2. Basic branches of law
Topic 3. Policy of the Belarusian state
Topic 4. Belarus in the modern world
Multi-level tasks of the lesson-conclusion
ANSWERS.

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GEOGRAPHY OF BELARUS. Grade 10

Test 1. Topic I. Geographical location and research of Belarus.
Random selection of 15 questions out of 75. Random order of answers. The assessment is given on a 10-point system.
Test(WinRAR 68 kb)

Test 2. Topic II, §7 - 12. Natural conditions and resources of Belarus, Part 1(Geological structure of Belarus, Formation of the platform cover in the pre-Quaternary period. Formation of the platform cover in the Quaternary period. Minerals of Belarus. Relief of Belarus. Hills, plains and lowlands of Belarus).
Random selection of 15 questions out of 90.
Test(WinRAR 53kb)

Test 3. Topic II, §13 - 16. Natural conditions and resources of Belarus, Part 2 (Climate of Belarus. Seasons and climatic resources. Surface waters. Rivers and canals. Lakes and reservoirs. Water resources). Random selection of 15 questions out of 85.
Test(WinRAR 52 kb)

Test 4. Topic II, §17 - 21. Natural conditions and resources of Belarus, Part 3 ( Soil cover of Belarus. Land resources and their use. Vegetation types. Forest vegetation. Meadow, marsh and aquatic vegetation. Animal world ). Random selection of 15 questions out of 70.
Test(WinRAR 53kb)

Test 5. Topic III. Geographical landscapes. Ecological problems (§ 22. Geographical landscapes. § 23. Development of the territory. § 24. Recreational resources. § 25. Nature protected areas. § 26. Anthropogenic impact on environment). Random selection of 15 questions out of 65.
Test(WinRAR 71kb)

Test 6. Topic IV. Natural zoning of Belarus (§ 27. Types of natural zoning of Belarus. § 28. Belarusian Poozersky province. § 29. Western Belarusian province. § 30. Eastern Belarusian province § 31. Pre-Polesskaya province. § 32. Polesian province).
Random selection of 15 questions out of 90.
Test(WinRAR 67kb)

Test 7. Topic V. Population of Belarus. (§ 33. Population dynamics and its age-sex structure. § 34. Natural population movement. Migration. § 35. Population composition. § 36. Labor resources and their assessment. § 37. Population distribution and resettlement. Types of settlements). Random selection of 15 questions out of 60.
Test(WinRAR 69kb)

Test 8. Topic V I. general characteristics farms. (§ 38. Factors of production location. § 39. Structure and specialization of the economy. § 40. Modern sectoral structure of the economy). Random selection of 15 questions out of 45.
Test(WinRAR 64 kb)

Test 9. Topic V II. Geography of the production sector (beginning) (§ 41. Fuel industry. § 42. Electric power industry. § 43. Ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. § 44. Mechanical engineering. § 45. Chemical industry) . Random selection of 15 questions out of 70.
Test(WinRAR 75kb)

Test 10. Topic V II. Geography of the production sector (continued) (§ 46. Forestry, woodworking and pulp and paper industries. § 47. Industry building materials. § 48. Light industry. § 49. Food industry) . Random selection of 15 questions out of 45.
Test(WinRAR 70kb)

BELARUS IN THE MODERN WORLD
Belarus stands for the formation of a multipolar world, and this position is supported by many states. This was stated on February 12 by the country's President Alexander Lukashenko during a conversation with students of the Belarusian State University.

On this day, the head of state visited the recently opened academic building of BSU, where two faculties are located - journalism and philosophy and social sciences. The President liked the new educational and research complex, which meets the most modern requirements and European standards.

Alexander Lukashenko got acquainted with the prospects for the development of the country's largest university, with the material and technical base and organization of the educational process at the Faculty of Journalism, and also spoke to students on the topic “Belarus in the modern world,” the presidential press service told BELTA.

The Belarusian leader was shown a modern television center recently created at BSU, on the basis of which it is planned to train personnel for television. And in the future, a new Belarusian educational television channel may be created here.

After visiting classrooms, the head of state addressed the students. About 3 thousand university students were able to hear the president’s speech, since Alexander Lukashenko’s speech was broadcast to classrooms on the local university television network.

Opening the meeting, the president noted that since his previous visit to BSU, much has changed for the better at the university. “It is very important that the university managed to regain the status of the main university, the leading educational and scientific center of the country, to strengthen its main wealth - a qualified teaching staff and the highest level of education. The state is interested in ensuring that the brand and prestige of BSU is adequately supported both in Belarus and and beyond, so that others can look up to this university educational establishments", said the President.

According to Alexander Lukashenko, education remains priority direction social economic development Belarus. This year alone, a fifth of the consolidated budget will be invested in this area.

Investments in the development of education, training of qualified specialists are the most reliable and the right investment in the future of our young state, the president is convinced.

Speaking about the place of Belarus in the modern world, the head of state emphasized that the foreign policy strategy of Belarus is built on three fundamental principles: political sovereignty, economic openness and equal partnerships between countries. " Golden Rule Belarusian foreign policy is multi-vector and interested in mutually beneficial contacts,” he emphasized.

The voice of Belarus, according to Alexander Lukashenko, today sounds confidently in the UN, at the forums of the Non-Aligned Movement and other international organizations. “Belarus is known and respected as an outpost of peace, tranquility and stability. Our country initiates the prevention of human trafficking, terrorism, and military methods of solving interstate problems,” he added.

"The collapse of the Soviet Union was the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the 20th century, primarily due to the destruction of the existing system of the bipolar world. Many hoped that the end of the Cold War would be a relief from large military expenditures, and the freed-up resources would be directed to solving global tasks - food, energy, environmental and others,” the president noted. “But these expectations have not come true. The Cold War has been replaced by an even more fierce struggle for energy resources. In fact, a new redistribution of the world has begun. means, up to and including the occupation of independent states."

Alexander Lukashenko said that unipolarity is a dangerous disease that can lead to degradation and death of the world, since it fundamentally kills competition -- fundamental principle development of human civilization.

"However, on political map in the world, new centers of power are being formed and are actively asserting themselves, capable of resisting the imperial ambitions of one superpower,” the head of state believes.

Belarus, according to him, is not fenced off from anyone with an iron curtain. “On the contrary, we actively strive for cooperation with all states. And primarily with such giants as Russia, China, the countries of Asia, Latin America, and Africa,” noted Alexander Lukashenko.

According to the president, Belarus’ active position in integration processes in the post-Soviet space does not suit certain Western circles. In addition, the dislike of certain countries towards Belarus is caused by the republic’s expanding participation in world trade, the development of new markets and the development of cooperation with the countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. “Who will like a new competitor in markets that are considered a fiefdom, a zone of national interests of one state?” the president noted.

Alexander Lukashenko added that the United States, which became the only superpower after the collapse of the USSR, took a strict course towards building a unipolar world. As a counterbalance to this imperial strategy, modern conditions there may be Russia, and India, and China, and Latin America. New centers of power will also emerge, the head of state is convinced.

"A firm and independent position in international affairs, and not at all a lack of freedom and democracy - main reason, because of which threats and sanctions are raining down on Belarus,” stressed Alexander Lukashenko. At the same time, the president called the sanctions against the Belneftekhim concern economic blackmail from unscrupulous competitors.

According to him, for several years there have been threats to arrest foreign bank accounts Lukashenko and other leaders of Belarus. “Having found nothing, we decided to throw an economic stranglehold on state-owned enterprises that employ thousands of people,” said Alexander Lukashenko. “Such methods cannot be justified in any way. Not only we, but also other countries that support us see their discriminatory nature.”

Alexander Lukashenko noted that Belarus independently chooses its friends and allies, without asking the advice of American “wise men.” “Our country cooperates with China, Iran, Venezuela and other states, which irritates the United States,” the president said. “Belarusian-Venezuelan relations are real contribution in the formation of a multipolar world. Together we represent a force that even the superpowers cannot ignore."

At the same time, Alexander Lukashenko confirmed Belarus’ interest in conducting a dialogue with Western countries, especially the European Union.

“Our approaches are extremely constructive: what is needed is not dictatorship, but dialogue! We are very interested in cooperation with Western countries, especially the European Union,” said the head of state.

The European Union accounts for about 40% of Belarusian exports. The EU market is the second most important for the republic after the Russian one. Economic partnership with the countries of this region helps to attract investment to Belarus, modern technologies, modernization of production. On the other hand, trade with Belarus and participation in ensuring Belarusian transit is one of the most important elements of economic, and therefore social sustainability for our closest neighbors - Poland and the Baltic states, noted Alexander Lukashenko.

The President emphasized that with the accession of these states, with which Belarus has common historical roots and economic relations, to the European Union, the importance of a comprehensive dialogue with the EU has increased many times over. “Today, even on the slightest issues of foreign policy and economics, our neighbors are forced to increasingly look back to the central bodies of the European Union. I would like to note that we have repeatedly told our Western partners about possible problems, which the people of our countries may face after the expansion of the Schengen zone. Moreover, in unilaterally We have simplified the issuance of Belarusian visas for EU citizens as much as possible. We even moved away from the principles of reciprocity and set the cost of visas for citizens of Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia at 25 euros instead of 60. We initiated a number of proposals to establish special, more preferential terms border crossings by border populations and separate categories citizens. In short, we are doing everything possible to avoid turning the border with the EU into a new iron curtain, which only people with deep pockets will be allowed to cross,” said Alexander Lukashenko.

According to the president, the presence of a common border also implies interaction on other issues, except visa issues. This includes the fight against cross-border crimes, joint actions for clear work transport infrastructure, sustainable development of border regions interconnected by economic, ethnic, and cultural ties.

According to the president, in Lately traffic on the Brussels-Minsk axis has noticeably intensified. Several rounds of political consultations have taken place between Belarus and the EU, and a direct dialogue is being formed in the fields of energy, transport, transit and ecology.

Alexander Lukashenko noted that today there is a real mutual interest between Belarus and the European Union in developing genuine partnerships in all areas of cooperation. “We have always proceeded from the fact that the basis of such a partnership should be mutual respect, equality, consideration of each other’s interests and non-interference in internal affairs,” said the head of state. “Today, the number of supporters of precisely this pragmatic approach is growing noticeably in the political and economic circles of states -members of the EU."

He also noted that negotiations on the establishment of a representative office of the European Commission in Belarus are in their final stages. Belarus has special hopes for development with such representation. mutually beneficial partnership with Europe.

“I want to emphasize: we were not the initiators of the deterioration of political relations with the EU. European officials have driven themselves into a corner in connection with the far-fetched topics of political prisoners and human rights,” the head of state added.

Speaking about cooperation with the Russian Federation, Alexander Lukashenko noted: Belarus is a natural, historical ally of Russia, with which it is connected by military-technical cooperation, spiritual ties, and trade and economic interests. Within the framework of the Union State, it is much easier for countries to ensure their sustainable development, he thinks.

At the same time, Alexander Lukashenko especially emphasized: Belarus stands for the formation of a pan-European security system for all states without exception. Our country does not strive to join NATO and does not allow the deployment on its territory of missiles aimed at a fraternal state.

The President also noted that Belarus is interested in good neighborly partnerships with Poland, since both peoples are connected by centuries-old traditions, friendship and mutual understanding.

“Our ill-wishers have repeatedly attempted to interfere in the internal affairs of Belarus, playing national map, artificially inflating the “Polish” and “Jewish” question. A recent example is the adoption by the Polish Sejm of the law “On the Pole’s Card”. As I am often warned, it can cause significant harm to our state. I must say - it won’t work!” said Alexander Lukashenko.

“Not so long ago, Hungary tried to introduce the same card for its diasporas. However, sharp protests immediately followed from Romania, Slovakia and Austria. Then international organizations recognized this practice as a violation of human rights,” the president noted. - Unfortunately, now such a friendly and coordinated position from European countries has not yet followed. And once again we have to face double standards in defending our legitimate rights and interests."

Alexander Lukashenko also stated that a split in society along religious or national lines will never be allowed in Belarus. Any manifestations of intolerance and hatred, incitement to hatred and extremism will be resolutely resisted.

The president also responded to the reproaches of some “fighters for democracy” who accuse Belarus of the absence of civil society.

“Western media like to reproach us for allegedly obstructing the development of civil society. But let’s see what’s really happening. There are more than 2 thousand public associations in the country, and 15 political parties. Isn’t this the best proof? ", he emphasized. The basis of Belarusian civil society is made up of local Councils of Deputies, trade unions, youth, veterans and women's organizations. Together they unite more than 6.5 million people. “This is a great force. Another thing is that it does not always manifest itself actively enough,” said Alexander Lukashenko. “I think government bodies“We must involve the public more widely in the development of draft legal acts that affect the interests of the majority of citizens, and take into account people’s opinions and suggestions.”

At the same time, the president called the opposition existing with foreign money “military detachments to carry out other people’s interests and policies in Belarus.” “Let’s build a rule-of-law state together, brick by brick, and not rely on someone else’s uncle who will come and do something in an instant. After all, these are the kind of false sweet tales that the opposition is trying to tell. They say, why do you need to think, try and work for yourself? Better reshape the country at the behest of the West - and you will all immediately become rich and happy,” said the head of state.
During his conversation with students, the president touched upon other relevant aspects of the life of Belarusian society. Thus, the head of state expressed his conviction that entrepreneurs and enterprises should have the same approaches to doing business in Belarus.
“Not so long ago, entrepreneurs, the so-called speculators, had nowhere to go, there were no organized trading places. Then I tried to bring all this into a civilized, normal direction. We gave them significant benefits, preferences for a while, protected them,” said the head of state. Entrepreneurs liked it, they got used to it, and some of them began to work according to “gray schemes,” he added. But as a result, Belarusian enterprises of the same light industry, producing high-quality products, have to compete with entrepreneurs importing goods of dubious quality into the country, but having a much lower tax burden.

According to Alexander Lukashenko, this situation needed to be changed. “I always believed that it should have been done wrong - there should be the same approach for everyone,” the president emphasized.

The construction of a nuclear power plant, according to the head of state, will reduce Belarus' need for imported energy by almost a third, as well as significantly strengthen the energy and economic security of our country. In addition, the construction of its own nuclear power plant, as well as the entry of Belarus into the ranks of space powers, will provide “a powerful impetus for an intellectual leap in the republic.”

Speaking about the role of the media in the country, Alexander Lukashenko said that the media in Belarus today influence the adoption of the most important decisions in the country. state level. This is a serious force that largely determines the views, opinions and ideas of people, the president is convinced.

"The influence of television, the press, and the Internet is felt in literally all spheres of society. The media are called upon to provide feedback authorities with the people, raise problematic issues before the authorities government controlled. The media are an essential component of civil society in Belarus. The media today have become one of the most efficient and reliable barometers of public opinion,” the head of state said.

Alexander Lukashenko added that in parallel with the growth of the authority and influence of the media, their responsibility to society for the truthfulness of information also increases. At the same time, he emphasized that Social responsibility The media begins with the conscience of each individual journalist and must be based on honesty, decency and a sense of civic duty.

At the end of his speech, Alexander Lukashenko answered questions from the student audience. There were about 30 questions, including personal ones.

Answering the question about how soon the Constitutional Act of the Union State could be adopted, the President noted: the future Union Constitution should be no weaker than the current Union Treaty.

Alexander Lukashenko emphasized that the principle of equality must be observed in any union state. If it is not respected, then no union has any prospects. “Russia is not ready for this yet,” said Alexander Lukashenko.

In general, communication with the student audience lasted more than three hours.

Detailed solution Paragraph generalization on social studies for 11th grade students, authors Vishnevsky M.I. 2010

1. Define the concepts: geopolitics, National security, global problems, information society, globalization.

Geopolitics is a theory that analyzes the dependence of state policy on geographical factors (climate, natural resources, territory, population, etc.), or the doctrine of the geographical conditionality of political phenomena.

National security is the state of protecting the vital interests of the individual, society and state from internal and external threats.

Global problems are a set of vitally important problems of a planetary nature, the solution of which requires the combined efforts of all states, and their unresolved nature poses a real threat to the future of humanity.

The information society is a society in which information is recognized as the most significant resource, the production and consumption of information is the most important activity, information and telecommunication technologies become basic, and the information environment, along with the social and environmental, is the most important human environment.

Globalization is the process of comprehensive convergence of all countries of the world into a single global system of technological, financial, economic, socio-political and cultural ties based on the latest tools computer science and telecommunications.

2. Reveal the essence of the concepts: national-state interests of the Belarusian state, national economic interests of the Belarusian state, environmental safety, information security, technological structure, anti-globalism.

The national-state interests of the Belarusian state are the officially expressed or perceived needs of the country, aimed at providing favorable conditions for its development.

The national economic interests of the Belarusian state are interests related to sustainable economic development and high competitiveness of the Belarusian economy.

Environmental safety is a state in which the ecological comfort of life is not violated, the ability to withstand threats to life, the health of all living beings, humans, including their well-being, the right to a safe living environment, sources of life support, and natural resources is realized.

Information security is a state of security of the information environment; information protection is an activity to prevent leakage of protected information, unauthorized and unintentional impacts on protected information, that is, a process aimed at achieving this state.

Technological structure is one of the terms of the theory of scientific and technological progress. It means a set of related industries that have a single technical level and develop synchronously.

Anti-globalism is a social and political movement directed against certain aspects of the process of globalization in its modern form, in particular against the dominance of global transnational corporations and trade and government organizations such as the World War II trade Organization(WTO).

3. How is the diversity of the modern world manifested? What is it due to?

More than 6 billion people live on planet Earth, representing three main (equatorial, Mongoloid and Caucasoid) and several transitional racial groups, united in more than 1000 ethnic groups speaking different languages, the number of which cannot be accurately counted (from two to three thousand) and which are divided into 23 language families; in the modern world there are more than 2,000 independent states that independently pursue domestic and foreign policies and have various forms of government and territorial structure; These states differ in the level of economic development and living standards of people. Along with countries with highly developed economic structure and providing high level income of citizens, there are dozens of states that maintain a primitive economic system and a low standard of living; The religious face of the modern world is diverse. The bulk of humanity adheres to one of the world religions: Christianity, Islam, Buddhism. Others profess Hinduism, Judaism, Taoism, Confucianism, and local traditional beliefs. Many hold atheistic beliefs; There is a great diversity of cultures, national and local traditions, lifestyles and styles of behavior. The diversity of the modern world is explained by the difference in natural and climatic conditions that determine the uniqueness of the relations between a particular society and natural world; the specifics of the historical path traversed by peoples and states; a variety of external influences; a multitude of natural and random events that are not always amenable to accounting and unambiguous interpretation. Scientists offer different approaches to the typology of the modern world and the identification of similar communities in it. The most common is to distinguish two social types in the modern world: traditional and so-called “Western”.

4. Describe:

a) geopolitical position of the Republic of Belarus;

b) the place and role of the Republic of Belarus in the system of modern international relations;

c) the position of the Republic of Belarus regarding the processes of globalization;

d) the place and role of Belarus in the civilizational process.

a) Belarus is in a very favorable position geographical location: It is located in the center of Europe. Thus, it connects Russia and Europe, and routes to Europe also pass through Belarus. Lack of access to the sea is compensated by customs duties.

b) The Republic of Belarus occupies an important role in the system of modern international relations. It is a member of the UN and on the initiative of the Belarusians, voluntary disarmament of countries from nuclear weapons was carried out. Among the interstate associations to which our country belongs, a significant role belongs to the CIS and the Union of the Republic of Belarus and Russian Federation. Belarus, along with Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, is part of the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC), formed on December 10, 2000. Military-political alliances play a great importance in the modern world. In 1949, NATO was created - the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Currently, NATO includes 28 states (as of 2009). The Republic of Belarus interacts with NATO within the framework of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) and the Partnership for Peace (PfP) program.

c) Globalization has not spared our country. Innovation developed countries are rapidly penetrating us to this day. Mutual support between countries and mutual assistance ensure long-term partnerships.

d) Belarus occupies one of the main roles in the civilization process. We have our own language, our own territory, legislation - all the signs of civilization. We can consider ourselves a mini-civilization.

5. Name the global problems of our time. Describe their causes, manifestations, consequences, possible solutions.

Types global problems. The following global problems are usually identified: Problems of relationships between different social communities. These include issues of disarmament and prevention nuclear war, overcoming backwardness, conflicts between developed and developing countries, as well as within countries, not only the poorest, but also the richest, where hostility towards immigrants often arises. Problems of relationships between a person and society, culture. These are demographic, cultural, educational, information problems, as well as problems of scientific and technological progress, healthcare, and the prevention of dangerous diseases. The intensification of contacts between people sharply accelerates the spread of very dangerous infectious diseases.

Unfavorable environmental conditions give rise to new, previously almost unknown diseases and aggravate the course of some previously low-risk diseases. The growing pace of production of new knowledge leads to the rapid “obsolescence” of previously acquired education and the need for constant additional learning and retraining. The availability of unimaginably huge flows of various messages gives rise to the problem of distinguishing between reliable information and outright nonsense, even disinformation. It becomes increasingly difficult for a person to navigate these information flows and select what is really necessary for the task. Moral values ​​and cultural foundations of life are also being shaken. Problems of human interaction with the environment. These include energy, raw materials, food problems, the development of the World Ocean, space, the permafrost zone and, perhaps, the most pressing problem - the environmental one. Ecological problem. In the second half of the 20th century, humanity realized the risk of destruction of civilization due to uncontrolled human impact on the natural environment. The environmental crisis manifests itself in environmental degradation due to the reckless economic activity of people. The consequence of this is a growing threat to human health, environmental pollution with toxic waste from production and human activity.

Global environmental problems arise due to two reasons: 1) natural processes (tsunamis, hurricanes, floods, tornadoes, etc.); 2) anthropogenic impact and irrational environmental management (greenhouse effect, ozone holes, changes in atmospheric composition, etc.).

Currently recorded:

1) Global climate change, including an increase in average atmospheric temperature. This threatens to disrupt the established mechanism of water circulation in the World Ocean and the water cycle in nature. According to some estimates, due to global warming, by 2100 the sea level may rise by 4 meters, and many island states and most of cities such as St. Petersburg, Amsterdam, Shanghai, New Orleans, etc. will be under water.

2) Changes in the composition of the atmosphere - a drop in the percentage of oxygen and an increase in the proportion of carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and other pollutants. This leads to acid rain, increased acidity of water bodies and soils, and the “greenhouse effect.” The “greenhouse effect” is an increase in temperature in the lower layers of the atmosphere due to emissions of gases that freely transmit solar radiation to the Earth, but make it difficult for thermal radiation to return to the upper layers of the atmosphere. Overheating of the planet leads to floods, droughts, adverse changes in natural ecosystems.

3) Depletion of the ozone layer, which blocks cosmic radiation dangerous to human health, including ultraviolet radiation. The main reason for the destruction of the ozone layer and the appearance of so-called “ozone holes” is the massive use of ozone-depleting substances in industry and everyday life.

4) Destruction of the planet’s natural resources and pollution of them with substances unusual for nature, as well as exceeding the maximum permissible emission standards for ordinary substances. Unsustainable agricultural activities, in particular excessive use of mineral fertilizers containing a large number of acid-forming sulfur and nitrogen oxides, leads to disruption of natural ecosystems, depletion of soil covers, reduction of fresh water reserves, and disruption of the natural landscape. The death of forests as a result of excessive deforestation, as well as due to environmental pollution, contributes to the fact that the atmosphere annually does not receive up to 15 billion tons of oxygen. Intensive deforestation in the Amazon basin, in Indonesia, and in the tropical zone of the Earth threatens to completely deprive the planet of its “green lungs.” Currently, the forests of our planet are disappearing at a rate of 6 million hectares. in year.

Reserves of non-renewable resources such as oil and coal are decreasing. The World Ocean is becoming depleted due to its pollution and inept use of its resources. Currently, from 2 to 4% of the surface of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans are covered with an oil film, which is why their biological productivity has noticeably decreased.

5) Reduction of biological diversity of flora and fauna, i.e. irretrievable death of many species of plants and animals as a result of their excessive extermination and destruction of natural habitats. Currently, up to 10% of plant species, about 1000 species of large animals and a huge number of small ones are under threat of extinction.

6) Excessive load on some natural-territorial complexes due to overpopulation of the planet, urbanization and uneven use of natural resources.

Of course, the only way to solve environmental problems is people’s understanding that everything in nature should be in harmony and nothing else. Stop polluting the environment and do not treat nature as an inexhaustible resource.

6. Systematize your knowledge about the characteristics of the information society. Fill the table.

7. Identify positive and negative consequences globalization in different areas public life. Fill the table.

8. Describe the achievements of sovereign Belarus. Name the factors that caused them.

Today, work is underway in the Republic of Belarus to develop industry: modernization of traditional industrial sectors, improvement of the fuel and energy complex and the creation of high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries in such areas as radio, micro- and optoelectronics, television equipment, pharmaceutical industry, chemical production, small-scale chemistry, development of space technologies.

The privatization of enterprises and the reform of large property complexes continues. It is planned to develop the institution of public-private partnership in the energy sector, as well as at facilities related to the development of mineral deposits.

Priorities for attracting direct foreign investment in industry – creation of joint and foreign ventures, sales foreign investors part of the shares owned by the state, with the exception of strategically significant ones related to the security of the country.

According to the National statistical committee RB, in Belarus in 2014 compared to 2013, the production of potash fertilizers (1.5 times), which provided the main increase, and cheese (by 26.3%) increased the most. At the same time, tractors were produced (up to 52.1 thousand) and trucks (up to 8 thousand).

Production of potash fertilizers amounted to 6.3 million tons (in terms of 10% potassium oxide), and increased by 49.4% compared to 2013. At the same time, in December last year, the volume of fertilizer production turned out to be higher than in December 2013, by 36%, that is, a decline in production has not yet been observed.

In 2014, cheese production, excluding processed cheeses, increased by 26.3% compared to the year before. In December, the Belarusian industry produced 17.4 thousand tons of cheese, which is 61.2% higher than in December 2013.

At the same time, Belarusian whole milk products produced only 1.9 million tons in 2014, which is 4.5% higher than the results of 2013. In total in 2014 the volume industrial production by type of economic activity “Manufacturing industry”, “Mining industry” and “Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water” at current prices amounted to 668.4 trillion. BYR, exceeding the volume of industrial production in 2013 by 1.9%.