The economy of the Sakhalin region natural resources. Analysis of the Sakhalin Region Economy

Every dollar invested in the implementation of the Sakhalin-2 project during the capital construction phase generated an additional economic effect of $ 1.12. Such calculations were made by a group of independent experts from the "Economy, Ecology and Safety of Industrial Systems" organization, the Council for the Study of the Productive Forces of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia and the Russian Academy of Sciences.

However, the effect of the "economic multiplier" calculated by the experts and presented by them in the report "Assessment of the integral socio-economic effects from the implementation of the Sakhalin-2 project, the impact on the socio-economic situation in the region and in the country as a whole, is not limited. The first decade of work offshore projects, and in particular the project operator, Sakhalin Energy, has had a multifaceted impact on the life of the island region.

The project has involved thousands of Russians in its sphere. At the height of the construction work of this project alone, about 17 thousand Russian citizens, mostly Sakhalin residents, took part in it. It is estimated that each job in the oil and gas industry contributes to the creation of about seven to ten jobs in related industries such as construction, transport, trade, catering, communications, and education. The employment rate of the population of the Sakhalin region today is one of the highest in the country. The income level of the islanders has increased significantly.

Russian enterprises have received contracts worth billions of dollars within the framework of the project. To participate in contract work, domestic companies have mastered modern technologies, brought control over labor safety and compliance with environmental standards to the world level. Over the years of participation in the project, the qualifications of island builders have significantly improved. Today they, working at various facilities in the region, use the most advanced technologies and building materials. Their experience came in handy during the construction of houses for residents of Nevelsk, who suffered from a strong earthquake.

Enterprises of literally all branches of the regional economy are involved in work on Sakhalin shelf projects - geological exploration and research, design and transport, educational and medical. The Sakhalin Region, once considered one of the most economically difficult regions of the country, today ranks fourth in Russia in terms of gross regional product per capita and second in the Far Eastern Federal District. Next year, as expected, the revenues of the regional budget will increase in comparison with this year by more than a quarter. Thanks to offshore projects, a significant part of tax revenues goes to the regional budget. Growing incomes make it possible to increase funds allocated for solving social problems - raising salaries for public sector employees, building and overhauling schools, hospitals, kindergartens, and improving settlements.

Over the past decade, significant infrastructural changes have taken place in the Sakhalin Oblast. Built: Russia's first plant for the liquefaction of natural gas and the first specialized seaport for shipping oil and LNG, laid the 800-kilometer Trans-Sakhalin oil and gas pipeline. However, in addition to these and other facilities directly related to the implementation of the Sakhalin-1 and Sakhalin-2 projects, the region received reconstructed roads and bridges, airports and seaports, medical institutions equipped with the latest equipment. But many positive changes are yet to come. They will happen thanks to the use of the Russian share of gas produced in the framework of offshore projects. Gasification of energy facilities will improve the ecological state of settlements, allow the creation of modern enterprises using gas as a fuel. In addition, options for deep processing of hydrocarbons and the production of products with high added value are being considered. And the experience gained thanks to the Sakhalin-2 project, which became a pioneer in the development of the Russian shelf, will become invaluable help in the implementation of other large-scale projects in the harsh conditions of the North and the Arctic.

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Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education

"STATE UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT"

INSTITUTE OF OPEN EDUCATION

institute Public administration and law

Department of State and Municipal Administration

COURSE PROJECT

by discipline: Regional Economics and Management

on the topic: "Analysis of the economy of the Sakhalin region"

Moscow 2013

Introduction
1. Features of the geographical location of the Sakhalin region
2. Population and labor resources of the region
3. Natural resource potential of the region
4. The main industries of the region and their location
5. Agro-industrial complex
6. Transport and economic relations of the region
7. Problems andeconomic development prospects СAkhalin region
Conclusion
List of sources used
Introduction
The Sakhalin Region is the only constituent entity of the Russian Federation located on the islands.
The region initially possesses a high natural resource potential, according to which it ranks 39th in Russia. In addition to the biological resources of the sea, for which Sakhalin is in first place in Russia, the main resource is the most demanded hydrocarbon fuel in the economy. In terms of the volume of explored reserves of gas condensate, the Sakhalin Region ranks 4th in Russia, gas - 7th, coal - 12th and oil - 13th. The region ranks 26th in Russia in terms of timber reserves.
The Sakhalin region is almost completely lacking a significant range of ore mineral resources, insignificant hydropower resources, reserves of non-metallic minerals, which generally reduces the overall resource potential of the region. But, as the development of the hydrocarbon reserves of the Sea of Okhotsk shelf (in terms of which the Sakhalin Region ranks 9th in Russia).
In terms of the total volume of industrial production, the region took the 4th place in the Far Eastern Federal District after Yakutia, the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories.
For a number of years, the Sakhalin Region has been a leader in the Far Eastern Federal District in attracting foreign investment to the region's economy.
As of January 1, 2013, 44.9 billion US dollars of foreign investments have been accumulated in the non-financial sector of the Sakhalin Oblast economy. In 2012, the region received $ 10.6 billion in investments from abroad. This is 50.3% more than in 2011. The main investing countries are the Netherlands (79.2% of total revenues), Japan (7.5%), the Bahamas (6.6%), India (4.7%).
In the field of investment interaction, the main sector in which investments from abroad come is the fuel and energy complex of the Sakhalin Region (98.1% of the total volume of receipts).
The progressive integration of the Sakhalin Oblast into the system of international economic relations is one of the determining factors in the integrated socio-economic development of the Oblast.

1. Features of the geographical location of the Sakhalin region

The Sakhalin Region is the only constituent entity of the Russian Federation located on the islands washed by the waters of the cold Sea of Okhotsk and the warm Sea of Japan, as well as the Pacific Ocean. It consists of 59 islands (Sakhalin Island with the adjacent islands of Moneron and Tyuleniy and 56 islands of the Kuril ridge).

The state border of the Russian Federation with Japan runs along the La Perouse, Kunashirsky, Treason and Sovetsky straits.

Sakhalin is one of the largest islands in Russia, stretching from the south to the north for 948 kilometers. From space, it looks like a fish in its outlines, the "scales" of which are numerous rivers and lakes.

The Sakhalin Region is located in the Far East of the Russian Federation, off the eastern shores of the Eurasian continent in the transition zone from the continent to the Pacific Ocean. It borders on the Kamchatka Region, Khabarovsk Territory and Primorsky Territory.

As a subject of the Russian Federation, the Sakhalin Region is administratively part of the Far Eastern Federal District. The total area of the Sakhalin Region is 87.1 thousand square meters. km.

The great length of the territory of the Sakhalin Oblast predetermines a significant variety of climatic conditions and its natural resources.

On about. Sakhalin has a monsoon climate, while the Kuril Islands have an oceanic climate.

The surface of the islands is cut by a dense network of small and shallow mountain rivers with a total length of about 22 thousand km. The lake fund of the Sakhalin region is over 17 thousand lakes with a total area of 1118 sq. km.

The flora of the Sakhalin region has about 1500 different plant species. Over 100 of them are rare and are under state protection, 20 are listed in the Red Book of Russia.

The fauna of the Sakhalin region is represented by 80 species. Of these, 6 are rare and endangered animals listed in the Red Data Book of the Far East, including 5 in the International Red Data Book.

The seas washing the shores of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands are one of the most productive areas of the world's oceans. The biological resources of the Sakhalin Region are unique in their quantity and quality and are of not only national, but also global significance.

The area of forest lands exceeds 69 thousand square meters. km (87% of the territory of the Sakhalin region).

The bowels of the Sakhalin Region are rich in oil, natural gas, hard and brown coal, ferrous, non-ferrous, rare and noble metals, mining, chemical and agrochemical raw materials.

Mineral and thermal waters are widespread (carbonic, sulfide, ferruginous, iodine, bromic, boric, balneological), as well as healing mineral mud.

The distribution of residents across the Sakhalin Region is uneven. The bulk of the population lives in the southern part of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands - in more favorable climatic conditions.

The average population density is 5.7 people. for 1 sq. km, which is lower than the national average (8.4 persons per sq. km), but higher than the level of the Far Eastern Federal District (1.0 persons per sq. km).

The largest, in terms of population, municipalities are concentrated in the south and in the central part of the Sakhalin Oblast: the administrative center of the Sakhalin Oblast - the urban district "City of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk", "Kholmsky urban district", "Korsakovsky urban district", the urban district "Okhinsky" , "Uglegorsk municipal district".

The Sakhalin Region is characterized by a high level of urbanization - about 78.3% of the population lives in cities and urban-type settlements.

The most important feature of the functioning of the Sakhalin electric power industry is technological isolation.

2. Population and labor resources of the region

In recent years, in the Sakhalin region, as in all the Far Eastern regions of Russia, the population is decreasing, its structure and qualitative composition are changing. The number of permanent residents of the region reached its maximum value in 1991 - 719.8 thousand people.

As of January 1, 2013, the population (taking into account the preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census) amounted to 493.3 thousand people and decreased compared to the same date in 2011 by 3.4 thousand people or 0.7%.

According to the 2010 census, the ethnic composition of the region's population is dominated by Russians (86.5%), a significant proportion are Koreans (5.3%) and Ukrainians (2.6%). The bulk of the population is concentrated within large centers: Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Kholmsk, Korsakov.

Table 1 Population of the Sakhalin Region

The goal of the demographic policy of the regional state authorities and local self-government bodies is to improve the demographic situation in the region on the basis of the formation of a population reproduction system that meets the long-term interests of society and contributes to the comprehensive and harmonious development of a person.

In 2012, a decrease in the death rate was recorded (13.8 deaths per 1000 population against 14.2 in 2011), while the birth rate increased (12.8 births per 1000 population against 11.8 in 2011). Natural population decline amounted to 532 people or 26% of the total population decline.

In general, in the region, the death rate exceeded the birth rate by 1.1 times. The preconditions for the high mortality rate are the aging of the population, as well as the high mortality rate among people of working age due to accidents, injuries, poisoning, etc.

In order to improve the demographic situation in the region, a plan of priority measures for 2012-2015 was developed to implement the main directions of the demographic policy of the Government of the Sakhalin Region, including activities of regional target programs related to the development of human capital.

The migration outflow in 2012 took place in the amount of 1,516 people (starting from 2011, the data of an array of migrants registered for a period of 9 months or more are taken into account). The share of mechanical losses in the total population decline was 74%.

The situation on the labor market of the region is characterized by a stable state. This is facilitated by the implementation of investment programs by large companies, the implementation of investment activities in traditional sectors of the regional economy, the implementation of federal and regional target programs, consistent measures in the social and labor sphere, as well as the implementation of a system of measures for state support of small and medium-sized businesses.

There was a tendency towards a decrease in total and registered unemployment, the coefficient of tension, an increase in the demand for labor, a reduction in the processes of dismissing workers from enterprises, and the introduction of an underemployment regime.

The Sakhalin Region remains one of the regions of Russia with a low unemployment rate - 0.8% (on average in Russia - 1.4%).

The number of labor resources in the region in 2012 is estimated at 351.7 thousand people or 100.1% to the level of 2011. The bulk of the labor force is its working-age population - 306 thousand people (87% of the labor force), adolescents and people over working age, able to work - 21.5 thousand (6.1%), as well as foreign labor migrants - 24.2 thousand (6.9%).

The distribution of labor resources in 2012 by areas of employment is characterized by the following data: 288 thousand people (81.9% of the labor force) are employed in the economy; 17.2 thousand people (4.9%) - non-working students of working age; 46.5 thousand people (13.2%) - the number of people of working age who are not employed in work and study (unemployed, people employed in housekeeping, caring for children, sick people, relatives, etc., Russian citizens working for non-working prisoners; persons who do not need to work regardless of their source of income).

In the context of a steady trend towards a decrease in the working-age population, an increase in the share of the population of older age groups, the replenishment of the missing sources of the formation of the labor force, in accordance with the needs of the demographic and socio-economic development of the region, is facilitated by activities aimed at attracting specialists from other regions, including long-term migrants, foreign labor for labor activities, as well as attracting compatriots for permanent residence in the Sakhalin region.

The creation of mechanisms for staffing the branches of the regional economy is provided for in the programs for the development of agriculture, education, health care, culture, tourism, physical culture and sports. The systems of program measures provide for monitoring the need for personnel, introducing the practice of targeted training of specialists in industry universities, forming a modern system of advanced training, creating an order for training specialists, creating conditions for retaining young specialists, training a reserve of management personnel, retraining and advanced training of specialists and workers mass professions.

Table 2 Labor resources and employment of the population of the Sakhalin region


Labor force, thousand people
The number of people employed in the economy (according to the balance of labor costs) - total, thousand people
The number of unemployed according to the ILO methodology, thousand people
Number of unemployed registered with employment services, thousand people
Unemployment rate (according to ILO methodology)
Registered unemployment rate

In the future, in connection with the development of the gas transmission system, bioresource and construction complexes, the building materials industry, the implementation of the priority investment project "Integrated woodworking production", the development of coal deposits, it is predicted that employment will increase to 293 thousand people by 2015. The number of labor resources in the region in 2015 is estimated at 354.8 thousand people or 100.9% to the level of 2012.

3. Natural resource potential of the region

The Sakhalin Region belongs to the category of Russian regions that combine outstanding resource potential with extreme conditions for its development. Insufficient staffing and low infrastructural equipment of the territory, typical for the regions of this group, on Sakhalin is aggravated by the insular position of the region, the lack of stable year-round communication within the region itself. That is why Sakhalin is ranked by the Expert RA rating agency among the problem regions with a difficult investment climate, the radical improvement of which requires significant funds and a long time.

The Sakhalin Region, both in terms of total investment potential and integral risk, over the past ten years has been steadily holding in the range from 50th to 80th place among 89 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The region initially possesses a high natural resource potential, according to which it ranks 39th in Russia. In addition to the biological resources of the sea, for which Sakhalin is in first place in Russia, the main resource is the most demanded hydrocarbon fuel in the economy. In terms of the volume of explored reserves of gas condensate, the Sakhalin Region ranks 4th in Russia, gas - 7th, coal - 12th and oil - 13th. The region ranks 26th in Russia in terms of timber reserves. However, in the Sakhalin region, a significant range of ore mineral resources is almost completely absent, hydropower resources, reserves of non-metallic minerals are insignificant, which generally reduces the overall resource potential of the region. But, with the development of the hydrocarbon reserves of the Sea of Okhotsk shelf (in terms of which the Sakhalin Region ranks 9th in Russia), the production and financial potential of the region has grown. If in 1995 the Sakhalin Region was in 66th place in Russia in terms of production potential, then in 2004 it was already in 46th. And in terms of financial potential, the region has risen from 87th place in 1997 to a quite worthy 45th place in 2004. In terms of the total volume of industrial production, the region took the 4th place in the Far Eastern Federal District after Yakutia, the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories.

4. The main industries of the region and their location

Industry occupies a leading place in the economy of the Sakhalin Oblast, it employs almost 20% of the working population of the Sakhalin Oblast, and creates more than 60% of the gross regional product.

In 2012, the industrial production index was 96.6%.

The leading branches of industrial production in the Sakhalin Oblast are oil and gas, fuel and energy (coal and energy) and the fishing industry, and the food industry.

The oil and gas sector accounts for over 90% of the total industrial production.

The territorial distribution of industry in the Sakhalin Oblast is characterized by sharp unevenness.

The main industrial municipalities are the Nogliki City District, where almost all oil and gas production is carried out, the Korsakov City District, where the gas liquefaction plant is located, and the city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, the administrative and economic center of the Sakhalin Region. The share of these three municipalities is more than 85% of the total industrial production of the region.

Oil and gas complex

The oil and gas industry currently plays a leading role in the economy of the Sakhalin Region, and its development is one of the main factors determining economic growth in the region.

The oil and gas complex occupies a dominant position in the structure of industrial production (2011 - 88.3%).

Currently, onshore Sakhalin Island, more than 95% of the proven oil reserves are involved in development. Most of the exploited onshore fields are in the final stages of development.

On the shelf about. Sakhalin has created a powerful hydrocarbon base. In the north

In 2013, it is planned to start developing the Kirinskoye gas condensate field.

In 2012, oil production in the region amounted to 14.1 million tons. This is slightly lower than the volumes of the past and the year before last, but this is a planned decline, growth in this direction will begin in 2014.

Gas production in the region amounted to 27.4 billion cubic meters. m, which is 6.2% higher than in 2011.

The supply of oil to consumers in 2012 amounted to 14 million tons, including 12.6 million tons were shipped for export to the APR countries. Official website of the Government of the Sakhalin Region

Timber industry complex

Forests are one of the most important natural resources of the Sakhalin Oblast. Unlike most other resources, they can be renewed, and with the correct implementation of forestry activities, they make it possible to organize sustainable forest use.

The total area of the forest fund of the Sakhalin region in 2012 is 6950.5 thousand hectares, including forest-covered - 5714.1 thousand hectares, which is 82% of the region's territory. The total stock of plantings is 625.14 million cubic meters, of which more than 50% are ripe and over-mature stands.

More than 74 enterprises and individual entrepreneurs work in the timber industry of the Sakhalin Oblast. The total number of employees is over 1600 people.

In the region, 300 - 370 cubic meters of timber are harvested annually.

In 2012, the production of industrial wood amounted to 191 thousand cubic meters, which is 33.6% more than in the previous year.

The main product of the forestry industry after commercial timber is sawn timber. About 50 enterprises and individual entrepreneurs are engaged in sawmilling and woodworking. In 2012, these enterprises produced 60.6 thousand cubic meters of sawn timber.

Currently, only sawn timber is exported. Last year, the volume of exports amounted to about 3 thousand cubic meters of sawn timber to countries such as China, Japan and Korea.

In order to stabilize the situation in the forest industry, a long-term target program "Support for the development of the timber industry complex of the Sakhalin region for the period up to 2017"

In addition, a priority investment project “Integrated woodworking production” is currently being implemented in the region, which can significantly change the situation in the timber industry sector of the regional economy. Its implementation will create about 700 jobs.

Fishery complex

The catch of aquatic biological resources in the Sakhalin Oblast (according to statistics) in 2012 compared to the level of 2011 amounted to 732.9 thousand tons or 100.1%, including: live, fresh and chilled fish - 711 thousand tons ( 100.6%), crustaceans not frozen; oysters; other aquatic invertebrates, live, fresh or chilled - 19 thousand tons (91.8%), other biological resources - 2.9 thousand tons (60.5%).

The volume of products exported from Pacific salmon from the Sakhalin region amounted to 39.8 thousand tons. Of these, 6.4 thousand tons were transported by rail, 12.5 thousand tons were transported by refrigerated transport vessels, 8.0 thousand tons were transported by containers (on ships Korsakov - Vladivostok), by road (on ferries from Kholmsk) - 4.7 thousand tons, 8.2 thousand tons were exported.

In 2012, fish and seafood were exported abroad in kind, 271.8 thousand tons, or 98.1% of the same period in 2011 (277.0 thousand tons), in value terms - in the amount of 437.8 million US dollars, or 109.6% over the corresponding period last year (399.4 million US dollars). The volume of frozen fish export in physical terms (mainly salmon species and pollock) decreased by 4.9%. At the same time, the average price for 1 kg of fish and seafood supplied for export increased by 14.3% compared to the same period in 2011.

As of January 1, 2013, fisheries enterprises transferred tax revenues to the consolidated budget in the amount of 1,581.6 million rubles, an increase over the same period last year amounted to 6.9%.

Arrears across the enterprises of the industry decreased in relation to the same period last year by 25.3% and amounted to 33.56 million rubles, in absolute terms, the decrease was 11.4 million rubles. Official website of the Government of the Sakhalin Region

Fuel and energy complex

The main generating capacities are: Sakhalinskaya GRES and Yuzhno-Sakhalinskaya CHPP-1, which are part of OJSC Sakhalinenergo, OJSC Okhinskaya CHPP and OJSC Noglikskaya gas power plant, which account for more than 90% of the electricity generated in area.

The rest of the electricity is generated by geothermal and diesel power plants located in the Kuril Islands and diesel power plants in decentralized settlements about. Sakhalin.

Electricity consumption has a utility and household focus and is: population - 42%, budget-dependent organizations and enterprises - 24%, industrial consumers - 16%, - other consumers - 18%.

In 2012, electricity generated by industry enterprises in the amount of 2,605.9 million kWh or 100.1% to the level of the previous year. At the same time, consumer demand for electricity is fully met.

According to preliminary estimates, the effective supply of electricity to consumers in 2012 amounted to 102.7% against the level of the previous year. The increase in productive supply, while maintaining electricity generation at the level of the previous year, indicates an increase in the efficiency of the enterprises of the sectoral electric power industry, including through energy saving measures.

Food and processing industry

The food and processing industry of the Sakhalin Region is a diversified complex of enterprises in the meat and dairy, bakery, confectionery and beer and non-alcoholic industries, uniting 152 enterprises of various organizational and legal forms of ownership, with more than 3.8 thousand employees. This is 1.3% of the economically active population of the Sakhalin Oblast. The food industry meets the needs of the population in foodstuffs necessary for life. The main production facilities are concentrated in the southern and central regions of Sakhalin.

Currently, the food and processing industries in the structure of the processing industries of the Sakhalin region occupy a share of about 16.3%, yielding to the energy and fish processing industry. In the gross regional product and in the structure of regional budget revenues, the food industry takes about 1%.

In comparison with the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District, the Sakhalin Region takes from 2 to 6 places in various food production.

In 2012, the food processing industry functioned relatively stable, the range of products was expanded, new modern equipment was installed, and facilities were reconstructed.

Coal industry

In 2012, the coal enterprises of the Sakhalin Region produced 4102.1 thousand tons of coal, which is 212 thousand tons less than the corresponding period of 2011.

The decrease in production in 2012 was due to a decrease in the consumption of coal by Sakhalinenergo LLC, in connection with the transfer of Yuzhno-Sakhalinskaya CHPP-1 to gas.

The main destinations for the shipped coal outside the Sakhalin Region are the Asia-Pacific countries: Japan - 755.9 thousand tons were shipped, China - 440.1 thousand tons were shipped, Korea - 731.8 thousand tons were shipped. 76.8 thousand tons were shipped to Kamchatka.

In 2012, investments were spent on the purchase of mining and transport equipment in the amount of 1,200 million rubles, which is 290 million rubles. more than in 2011.

The 2012 budget target for the transfer of taxes to the territorial budget of the Sakhalin Oblast by coal industry enterprises was fulfilled by 102.6%, taxes for the reporting period were transferred in the amount of 72.5 million rubles. more than in 2011.

Power engineering

The power industry of the Sakhalin Oblast is the basic branch of the economy. Its features are technological isolation from the Unified Energy System of Russia and intra-regional fragmentation into separate power regions, which are power plants in a number of Sakhalin settlements and settlements of the Kuril Islands.

In 2012, a subsidy in the amount of 385.7 million rubles was allocated from the federal budget for the implementation of the regional program in the field of energy conservation and energy efficiency of the Sakhalin Oblast, in the reporting period, work was performed in the amount of about 100 million rubles. More than 700 million rubles were spent at the expense of the regional budget. In the municipalities of the region, funds in the amount of more than 45 million rubles are provided for the implementation of measures.

Electricity production in 2012 amounted to 3.9 billion kWh. hour. (99.3% to the level of 2011), heat energy - 5572.4 thousand Gcal (99.6% to the level of 2011).

Table 3 Characteristics of the industrial structure of the Russian Federation and the Sakhalin region in 2009

Production / Territory	Sakhalin Region	Russian Federation	Sakhalin Region
				Specialization rate
Gross regional and Russian product
industry
construction
Agriculture
transport

trade and public catering, including wholesale trade in consumer goods and industrial and technical products
housing and communal services, non-production types of consumer services for the population
health care, physical education and social security
education
Culture and art
control
net (excluding subsidies) taxes on products and imports (VAT, excise taxes, import duties)

"Coefficient of specialization" (KS) (the coefficient of specialization (KS) is calculated according to the following formula: the percentage indicator for the region (PPP) is divided by the percentage indicator for the country (PPP): KS = PPR / PPP) E.G. Kovalenko. Regional economy and management, 2005

5. Agro-industrial complex

Agriculture is the basic branch of the agro-industrial complex and plays an important role in the development of rural areas and food supply of the population with fresh food.

The index of agricultural production (in farms of all categories) in comparable prices in January-September 2012 amounted to 100.8% against January-September 2011. At the end of 2012, the value of the index was 103%.

The share of agricultural organizations for 9 months of 2012 in the total volume of agricultural production amounted to 40.3%. For 9 months of 2011 - 36.1%.

6. Transport and economic relations of the region

Automobile transport is the basic element of the transport system of the Sakhalin Oblast. This type of transport ranks first in terms of passenger traffic in the region. Every year in the region this type of transport transports about 25-26 million people (95% of the number of passengers carried annually).

On the territory of the Sakhalin Region, passenger transportation by public road transport is carried out in all municipalities, with the exception of the municipal formation "Severo-Kurilskiy urban district". There are urban, suburban and intercity routes in the region, including 14 intermunicipal suburban and intercity routes. For passenger transportation, buses of domestic and foreign production of small, medium and large capacity are used (Gazelle, PAZ, LIAZ, etc.).

The activities of small and medium-sized businesses in road transport in the Sakhalin Region play a decisive role in the transportation of goods and passengers. Due to the climatic features and the population in the region, the road transport industry is 100% represented by small and medium-sized businesses.

The largest passenger carriers are enterprises belonging to the holding company OJSC Sakhalinavtotrans, LLC Firm PATP-3 and a number of municipal transport enterprises.

Air Transport

Due to the geographic location of the Sakhalin Island region, air transport solves important social problems. More than 90% of the volume of passenger traffic outside the region and back is carried out by air; inside the region, passengers are delivered to hard-to-reach areas, including the Kuril Islands.

Currently, there are flights from Sakhalin Island to more than 20 destinations (including transit traffic). On direct routes you can get to such large Russian cities as Moscow, Khabarovsk, Vladivostok, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk and others. Regular direct international flights from Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk are carried out to the cities of Sapporo and Tokyo (Japan), Seoul (Republic of Korea), Harbin (China). In 2012, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk airport served 834 thousand 960 passengers, as a result, compared to the previous year, the total passenger traffic increased by 8%, and the total tonnage of flights - by 4%.

Railway transport

Railway transport carries out from 27% to 30% of all domestic freight traffic in the region. The main volume of freight and passenger rail traffic on the island is provided by the Sakhalin region of the Far Eastern Railway.

There are four pairs of long-distance trains and five suburban rail routes in passenger rail service.

Coal, timber and construction cargo, fish products and petroleum products occupy a leading place in the structure of rail transportation.

The Sakhalin Island railway is connected to the railway network of mainland Russia by the 267 km Vanino - Kholmsk ferry crossing, which was commissioned in 1973. Currently, there are four railway ferries on the line, each with a capacity of 26 wagons.

Ensuring a stable transport connection between the mainland and Sakhalin Island is the most important socio-economic and geopolitical task, for the solution of which it is necessary to build the Selikhin-Nysh railway line with the construction of a land (bridge or tunnel) crossing over the Nevelskoy Strait, 582 kilometers long.

According to forecast estimates, by 2015 the demand for cargo transportation between Sakhalin and the mainland will increase to 6.8 million tons, by 2025 - to 9.2 million tons. At the same time, it is assumed that the largest volumes of cargo will go to the mainland (4.5 and 6.2 million tons, respectively).

Sea transport

The Sakhalin Region belongs to a small number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation that have a complex transport scheme connecting the region with the mainland. This is the only administrative territory in Russia, located on 59 islands. Possessing a favorable geographic location, exceptional natural resources such as oil, gas, coal, the region belongs to the regions with unstable transport links.

The insular position of the Sakhalin Oblast predetermines the leading role of maritime transport, since practically all cargoes to Sakhalin and the Kuriles, as well as in the opposite direction to the mainland and to foreign countries, are delivered by sea.

Sea transport now accounts for 61.7% of the total cargo turnover.

The main transported goods - products for industrial and technical purposes (oil products, machinery, equipment, cement, rolled ferrous metals), as well as basic foodstuffs (the production of which on the islands is not sufficient for the life support of the region) come from other regions by sea to the ports of the region, mainly to Kholmsk and Korsakov, from where they are delivered to consumers by rail and road. Therefore, the economy of the region is inextricably linked with the functioning of the transport complex, which provides production, intraregional and interregional ties, the sphere of circulation of goods and services to meet the needs of the population in movement.

Sakhalin's maritime transport infrastructure consists of eight seaports and eleven sea terminals within the boundaries of the ports, the transport fleet and the Vanino - Kholmsk sea rail ferry crossing.

Seaports are the backbone of the entire transport structure of about. Sakhalin. Since Fr. Sakhalin is located in several climatic zones, the navigation conditions of the ports are different. For example, the ports located in the southern and southeastern parts of the island: Nevelsk, Kholmsk, Korsakov, have year-round navigation. The seaports of the central and northern part of the island: Uglegorsk, Shakhtersk, Krasnogorsk, Boshnyakovo, Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky and Poronaysk are open for navigation from mid-April to mid-October, that is, only six months, and in the port of Moskalvo, navigation opens a month later.

The analysis of the cargo turnover of the ports of the Sakhalin region in recent years shows that the drop in cargo turnover that took place in the 90s of the last century has stopped and since 2000 there has been an increase in the volume of cargo and passenger turnover.

In terms of traffic volume, the shipping company is a regional company.

The last 3 years, the financial and economic indicators of the shipping company have been stable, the company has been working with a profit, which allows it to implement the shipping company's program to modernize and extend the service life of ferries until 2020.

The main problem of the shipping company is the aging of the fleet.

Due to the unprofitableness of these transportation, the Government of the Sakhalin Region subsidizes them from the regional budget.

7. Problems and prospects for the development of the economy of the Sakhalin region

Factors constraining the socio-economic development of the Sakhalin Oblast

Development constraints include:

? a high component of transport costs when transporting goods and passengers between the Far Eastern regions and the rest of Russia;

? extreme natural and climatic conditions (increased seismicity, typhoons, snow blockages), requiring compensation for increased costs of production and livelihoods of the population;

The presence of isolated operating power systems and power districts, the cost and inefficiency of the structure of power sources. Underdeveloped energy and transport infrastructure, directly or indirectly, continues to be the main constraint on the implementation of any kind of activity in the Sakhalin Region, the reason for the low competitiveness of manufactured products, goods and services.

? resource orientation of the economy with a low degree of processing of natural resources;

? a decrease in the population, an increase in the birth rate, against the background of an outstripping increase in mortality and the persistence of a negative migration growth.

The main problems hindering the realization of the economic potential of the Sakhalin Oblast are its economic and infrastructural isolation from the rest of Russia and the most developed Russian markets, uncomfortable living conditions, unfavorable engineering and construction conditions in most of the territory, and high capital intensity of the leading sectors of the economy.

Among the constraints on the development of internal factors are also a high component of transport costs for the carriage of goods and passengers, extreme natural and climatic conditions, the presence of isolated operating energy systems and energy districts, the cost and inefficiency of the structure of energy sources. Underdeveloped energy and transport infrastructure, directly or indirectly, continues to be the main constraint on the implementation of any kind of activity in the region, the reason for the low competitiveness of manufactured products, goods and services.

In this regard, as part of the main activities, the implementation of which will increase the competitiveness of any types of activity, will enable the development of an efficient economy and the creation of comfortable living conditions, it is necessary to consider:

Investment programs in the electric power industry of the Sakhalin Region aimed at improving the reliability of power supply, eliminating bottlenecks in technological chains, developing the power grid, creating new generating capacities, updating the potential of decentralized energy and reducing the cost of generating electricity and heat, reducing electricity losses. and heat energy;

- investment programs in the development of transport infrastructure aimed at increasing transport accessibility and capacity.

The low degree of diversification and innovativeness of the regional economy, which has a pronounced resource orientation with a low degree of processing of natural resources, is another key factor holding back the development of the Sakhalin Region.

At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the risks and limitations of economic growth associated with the danger of environmental pollution from resource sectors and the destruction of natural ecosystems in areas of increased concentration of economic activity.

Prospects for the development of transport, energy, information and telecommunications and social infrastructures

One of the most important conditions for the sustainable development of the Sakhalin region's economy is the advanced development of the transport infrastructure, which contributes to the growth of trade, an increase in the level of industrial and social cooperation, the efficiency of the use of production capacities and resources, and optimization of the structure of the economy.

For the Sakhalin region, the state of the transport system is of particular importance due to its island position and belonging to the APR countries.

In comparison with other territories of Russia, the Far East and the Baikal region, the transport infrastructure of the Sakhalin region is poorly developed.

For the development of transport infrastructure, it is envisaged to implement such projects as:

Construction of the Ilinsk - Uglegorsk railway line to organize transport links between the coal-bearing region and the southern ports of Sakhalin. Completion of the reconstruction of the Sakhalin railway with its transfer to the general network gauge of 1520 mm; construction of the Selikhino (Khabarovsk Territory) - Nysh (Sakhalin Region) railway line with a tunnel (bridge) crossing over the Nevelskoye Strait;

- reconstruction of seaports: Korsakov, Kholmsk, Uglegorsk, Shakhtersk, Boshnyakovo, Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky, port points of Yuzhno-Kurilsk, Kurilsk, Severo-Kurilsk, coastal facilities of the Vanino - Kholmsk ferry in the seaport of Kholmsk and the construction of two road-rail ferries;

Reconstruction of the Ilyinsky seaport, the production capacity of which will ensure the organization of a gas chemical complex and maintenance of tankers, gas carriers and dry cargo vessels with a deadweight of over 100 thousand tons, as well as the Nevelskoy port for organizing a wholesale fish exchange on its basis. The development of the oil and gas production zone will require the construction of a new seaport in the area of the Nabil settlement, ensuring the safe operation of terminals for transshipment of dangerous goods and the operation of offshore drilling platforms;

- Reconstruction of the airports of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Zonalnoe, Okha and Mendeleevo (Kunashir Island), as well as the construction of Iturup Airport (Iturup Island);

Reconstruction of highways Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - Okha, Ogonki - Nevelsk with asphalt concrete pavement and reconstruction of highways Nevelsk - Tomari - Shakhtersk airport, Yuzhno-Kurilsk - Golovnino, Kurilsk - Reidovo, Malokurilskoe - Krabozavodskoe, Arsentievka - Ilyinskoe and emergency bridges for capital structures.

The abundance and variety of energy resources: oil, gas, coal, as well as hydraulic, geothermal, wind energy provides a prospect for the development of energy, including non-traditional.

The power industry of the Sakhalin Oblast is the basic branch of the economy. Its features are technological isolation from the Unified Energy System of the East and the presence of several separate power centers that provide power to the regions and a number of settlements of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands.

The development of the Sakhalin energy system will be aimed at ensuring the energy security of the territory and eliminating infrastructural restrictions on economic development.

The development of gas supply and gasification on the territory of the region will be aimed at creating a gas transmission system for the implementation of gasification of settlements in the Sakhalin region, including the population, energy facilities and housing and communal services.

The main direction of the development of telecommunications infrastructure will be to reduce the information isolation of the Kuril Islands through the creation of high-speed and secure fiber-optic communication lines in order to develop a digital TV and radio broadcasting network for settlements.

Socio-economic development of the Sakhalin region

The gross regional product of the region is formed mainly due to such industries as oil and natural gas production (northern regions of Sakhalin Island), coal mining, fish and food industries, building materials industry.

The economic potential of the region is localized in 3 zones of outstripping economic growth - South Sakhalin, Kuril and North Sakhalin.

The efficiency of the complex increases with the creation of a special economic zone of the port type on the basis of the Nevelskoy sea fishing port with year-round navigation and developed rail and road approaches. The port's specialization is based on a bioresource complex, which includes storage, transportation, processing of products and service of ships.

A separate area of development is tourism and resort activities based on the unique recreational resources of the Kuril Islands.

The Sakhalin oil and gas production zone, which traditionally specializes in hydrocarbon production, will be concentrated around permanent settlements and temporary shift camps.

The high interest of investors in the region's potential is predetermined by the rich reserves of natural resources and, first of all, hydrocarbons. This allowed the region over the past several years to take a leading position in the development of investments among the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation.

The Sakhalin Region is one of the leaders among Russian regions in attracting foreign investment. The amount of attracted foreign capital in 2009 amounted to US $ 3.8 billion. At the beginning of 2010, the economy of the Sakhalin Oblast had accumulated foreign investments in the amount of USD 24.2 billion.

The priority areas that form the investment attractiveness of the region are:

- formation of a regulatory framework aimed at creating favorable economic conditions for investment in the region;

- preparation of sites, facilities with high potential for attracting investment;

- presentation of investment opportunities of the region in the international and financial markets;

- intensification of work with the Government of the Russian Federation on state support and financing of infrastructure facilities and new industries.

geographic labor economy

Conclusion

The competitive advantages of the Sakhalin Region are, first of all:

? favorable economic and geographical location, which forms the shortest transport routes East-West in the Asia-Pacific region;

? significant reserves of natural resources (hydrocarbon, coal, ore and non-metallic minerals, aquatic biological resources, as well as hydropower, forest, recreational and other resources);

? the presence of an extended sea coast and external border as an opportunity for the organization and development of international and interregional cooperation.

Sustainable economic growth and integrated socio-economic development of the Sakhalin Oblast should be achieved through a balanced combination of the following main directions (goals):

1) implementation of measures for comprehensive modernization, increasing the competitiveness of the regional economy, achieving the average Russian level of socio-economic development;

2) improving the quality of life of Sakhalin and Kuril residents, creating comfortable living conditions for the population;

3) increasing the efficiency of the activities of regional executive authorities and local self-government bodies of the Sakhalin region in the implementation of the powers assigned to them;

4) strengthening of national security.

List of sources used

1. Ignatov V.G., Butov V.I. "Regional Studies" .- Rostov n / a: publishing center "Mart", 1998.

2. Lapteva L.E. "Regional and local self-government in Russia". - M .: 1998.

3. Mikheeva N.N., Regional economy and management. Textbook for universities. - Khabarovsk: Publishing house RIOTIP, 2000.

Internet resources:

4. Official website of the Government of the Russian Federation

5. Official website of the Government of the Sakhalin Region

Posted on Allbest.ru

Transport

The region maintains communication with the mainland thanks to air transport, sea transport, including a ferry crossing, thanks to which trains from the mainland, which, after replacing wheelsets (this is necessary, since the railway track on the mainland is wider than on Sakhalin), can deliver various goods across Sakhalin. There are also passenger trains that connect the south and north of Sakhalin. At the moment, work is underway to expand the railway track, which in the future will greatly simplify the delivery of cargo. The three-line track on the Pobedino - Palevo, Korsakov - Khristoforovka section was rebuilt to a wide gauge 50 km and 60 km were replaced. jointless path. Within the framework of the project, work continues on 10 objects of the railway (reconstruction of bridges, bypassing landslide sections). Reconstruction of the last tunnel on the Sakhalin Railroad was completed for the network-wide standard gauge of 1520 mm. As part of the rolling stock renewal program, 4 new passenger cars were commissioned. Overhauled and reconstructed 10 passenger boarding platforms at railway stations.
On company aircraft "Sakhalin Airways" you can get both to the mainland and to the Kuriles. There are other airlines that operate their flights throughout Russia and abroad. Compared to the corresponding period of 2006, the volume of passenger services at the regional airports increased by 7.3%. There are 3 airports and a heliport under construction and reconstruction. Reconstruction and modernization of airports is carried out according to federal target programs. The construction of the heliport is carried out at the expense of the regional budget.
On sea vessels, you can not only visit the ports of Russia, but also make a tourist trip abroad (for example, to Japan). In the structure of freight turnover of all types of transport, 61.6% is accounted for by sea. The fleet, ports and port facilities are being actively updated. Within the framework of the federal target program "Modernization of the transport system of Russia", the implementation of the project "Reconstruction of the sea trade port of Shakhtersk", as well as sea port points on the Kuril Islands, continues.
Highways connect almost all settlements of the region, therefore this type of transport is the most popular. Nevertheless, mainly the central roads of the south of Sakhalin are covered with asphalt. The northern roads are mostly unpaved. In 2007, 5.7 million tons of cargo were transported by road, which is 4.1% more than in the previous year, and the cargo turnover decreased by 5.5%, and the passenger turnover decreased by 8.6%.

Connection

At present, the population is provided with all types of fixed and mobile telecommunications, postal communications, television and radio broadcasting. All telecom operators registered in the region work stably, providing both traditional and alternative telecom services. A regional satellite television network has been created, which is a complex of transmitting and receiving satellite and ground equipment providing broadcasting of programs in 45 large settlements of the Sakhalin Region.

Energy

The basis of the region's electric power industry is formed by the four largest power plants: coal-fired Yuzhno-Sakhalinskaya CHPP and Sakhalinskaya GRES, gas-fired Okhinskaya CHPP and Noglikskaya HPP, as well as individual diesel installations that provide electricity to remote settlements of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. In the total volume of electricity production, the share of the first two power plants is more than 77%, the other two, on average, 8%. The future of the energy system today is closely linked with the gasification of the southern regions of the island.

Geological and oil resources

It is difficult to imagine such an abundance and such an amazing combination of natural resources, which is found on the islands of the Sakhalin region. Here, in close proximity to each other, there are deposits of oil, gas and coal, peat and limestone, gold-bearing and titanium-magnesium sands, iron, chromium, manganese and copper ores, silver, cinnabar and graphite, volcanic sulfur and pumice, marble, rare metals and many other minerals (cobalt, vanadium, tungsten, etc.). Coal is one of the most important mineral resources. The total geological reserves of which are determined at 12.4 billion tons, 52% of which are brown coal. Coal is mined both in a mine and an open pit. It also has excellent characteristics: low ash content, easy washable, high calorific value (8-9 kcal)

Sakhalin Oblast is one of the oldest oil-producing regions in Russia. Commercial oil production has been carried out here since 1928. A rich resource base has been created, which allows, in the presence of favorable conditions, to significantly increase the existing level of oil and gas production. Oil and gas, gas and gas condensate fields, small in terms of reserves, have been explored in the Aniva region in the south of Sakhalin.
An oil field was discovered in the Pogranichny Graben (Eastern Sakhalin). A total of 66 fields were discovered on the island: 12 oil, 15 gas, 22 gas and oil, 4 oil and gas, 7 gas condensate and 6 oil and gas condensate. Of these: 31 are being developed, 1 is prepared for development, 9 are explored and 25 are mothballed (unclaimed fund). 8 fields have been discovered on the shelf: 2 gas, 1 oil and gas, 5 oil and gas condensate. Of the 8 discovered fields, 7 are located on the shelf of Northeast Sakhalin and one small gas field in the Tatar Strait off the southwestern coast of the island. All fields on the northeastern shelf (with the exception of the Veninskoye gas field, which is shallow in terms of reserves) are large. Among them are the largest in the region in terms of gas and condensate reserves - Lunskoye (about 590 billion m3 and 50 million tons) and in terms of oil reserves - Arkutun-Daginskoye (over 500 million tons). The total geological resources of the Sakhalin Region are estimated at 7.8 billion tons of fuel equivalent. (in terms of oil), including 3.8 billion tons of oil and 3.3 trillion. m3 of gas. In the shelf zone of the region there are 2.9 billion tons of oil and 3 trillion. m3 of gas; only 23% (0.9 billion tons) of oil resources and 11% (0.36 trillion m3) of gas resources are concentrated on the island's land. The island's resources are dominated by oil; in the shelf resources, the shares of oil and gas are approximately equal.

Groundwater fresh, thermal and mineral waters are widespread. They are sources of centralized drinking and technical water supply, resort and clinical treatment, can be used for heating settlements and cities. Mineral water is bottled in the township. Smirnykh - "Sakhalinskaya", Korsakov - "Korsakovskaya" and other cities of the region.

International trade

In the total volume of trade, exports account for 69.2%, and imports for 30.8%. In the total volume of foreign trade turnover, non-CIS countries account for 99.9%, CIS countries - 0.1%. In the structure of the foreign trade countries of the Sakhalin region, a special place, as the largest economic partner, is occupied by the countries of the Asia-Pacific Region. The commodity structure of Sakhalin exports still has a strong focus on raw materials. Compared to the previous year, the composition of the main export positions has not changed and includes fuel and energy resources, food products and raw materials for their production: fish and seafood. In general, these two main groups in 2007 accounted for 93.2% of Sakhalin exports.

Timber industry

The forests and meadows of the region are rich in plants from which medicines are made. Many residents harvest mushrooms, ferns, berries, wild garlic, etc. In the fur farms of the region, mink is raised from the forests, the skins of which are then supplied to Russian and international auctions. There are also timber harvesting enterprises in the region, most of which is exported. The timber industry complex of the Sakhalin Region includes logging and woodworking industries. 113 enterprises of various forms of ownership carry out production activities on the basis of the forest fund of the region. Also an integral part of the forestry complex is forestry, which takes care of forests, is engaged in their reproduction and protection. The total stock of plantings in the Sakhalin Region today is 623.4 million m3, of which 351 million m3 is an operational reserve. More than half of the operational reserve falls on mature and overmature forests, where 93.4% are conifers. To date, the allowable cut has been determined at 3436 thousand m3, incl. by coniferous composition - 3196 thousand m3. According to the results of work in 2004, the share of the timber industry complex in the total volume of industrial production was 1.8%. A significant factor in stabilizing production in the forestry complex is the modernization and re-equipment of sawmill and logging production. The timber processing direction turned out to be the most attractive for business. The modernization of production over the past five years has affected this very direction. Modern timber processing enterprises are located in the village of Buyukly (Smirnykhovsky district), the city of Kholmsk, the city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. As of January 2008, the productivity of the installed drying equipment at timber processing enterprises amounted to 20 thousand cubic meters. m. of finished products per year. In 2007, a line for processing small-sized wood was built in the city of Kholmsk, which significantly increased the cost of the produced wood, the production of technological chips was organized, which is exported to Japan, which made it possible to increase the volume of processing waste from low-grade wood. Three enterprises in the region produce cylindrical timber, which is in demand on the local market. In May 1999, the Korsakovskaya Tara enterprise mastered the production of four-layer paper bags for food and bulk materials.

Food industry and agriculture

Food factories, including beverages, are operating within normal limits. The production of whole milk products, sausages, butter, sugar confectionery, meat, pasta, soft drinks, and cheeses has been increased. Nevertheless, the increasing competition from foreign and Russian producers has a negative impact, there is an increase in prices for raw materials and other components. In recent years, the fish industry accounts for 70% of the total volume of food industry production in the region.
Sakhalin Region is one of the leading regions determining the development strategy of Russian fisheries. The catch in Russia in 2000 amounted to 4011 thousand tons, the Sakhalin Region - 439.7 thousand tons of fish and seafood, of which 120.5 thousand tons were supplied to the external market (34.1% of the total supplies) worth 5,495 million rubles. (70.3% of the total cost) and to the domestic market - 232.4 thousand tons (65.9%) worth 2,324 million rubles. (29.7%). Total deliveries of products amounted to 352.9 thousand tons, worth 7819 million rubles.
Today, more than 600 fishing and fish processing enterprises are registered in the Sakhalin Region. The oblast is the only region in Russia where the output of commercial food products is increasing, despite the general decrease in catch volumes. The main objects of the fishery are salmon, pollock provide about 50% of tax revenues. There are 654 registered vessels in the Sakhalin Oblast that can participate in the catch of aquatic biological resources. The fishing complex is closely related with other industries and is a major supplier of food for the population and feed products for enterprises and organizations of the agro-industrial complex. The main harm to biological resources is caused by poachers, therefore, fish hatcheries operate on Sakhalin to preserve the salmon population.
In addition to processing fish and seafood, some fish processing enterprises are engaged in the production of banknotes and technological equipment, as well as the production of instant noodles. In 2002, the agar plant was acquired by the "Binom" fishing group. After a year of reconstruction and modernization, it began to produce agar-agar and kelp extracts, dried-dried fish products (salmon straws).

Agriculture

Due to difficult weather conditions, agriculture in the region developed mainly in the southern regions. Here they successfully grow: potatoes, forage crops, cabbage, beets, carrots, garlic, onions, tomatoes, cucumbers. The gross harvest of potatoes in 2007 amounted to 134.9 thousand tons, vegetables 58.9 thousand tons, which amounted to the level of 2006, respectively 112.1% and 99.5%. The lack of harvest of vegetables is due to a decrease in acreage and low crop yields on personal subsidiary plots. Positive trends emerging in animal husbandry are yielding tangible results. In the region as a whole, there is an increase in livestock compared to 2006 (cattle - by 8.7%; pigs - by 27.3%; poultry - by 19.4%). Beekeeping is well developed. In accordance with the developed plan, the region continues to implement the priority national project "Development of the agro-industrial complex". There are 6 registered agricultural consumer cooperatives in the region, 4 of which were established in 2007.

It now includes the following subsections:
Sakhalin basket: Mushrooms, Berries, Useful herbs.
Animals: Insects, Mammals, Fish, Molluscs.

Economy of the Sakhalin region Natural resources - page №1 / 1

Economy of the Sakhalin Region

Natural resources

Sakhalin is characterized by a very high potential of natural resources. In addition to biological resources, the reserves of which Sakhalin is one of the first in Russia, the island and its shelf have very large reserves of hydrocarbons and coal. In terms of the volume of proven reserves of gas condensate, the Sakhalin Region ranks 4th in Russia, gas - 7th, coal - 12th and oil - 13th, while within the region, the reserves of these minerals are almost entirely concentrated on Sakhalin and its shelf. Other natural resources of the island include wood, gold, mercury, platinum, germanium, chromium, talc, zeolites. (1)

The Sakhalin Region has significant and varied types - more than 50 - of minerals, of which combustible (coal, oil, gas), raw materials for the chemical, cement industry, etc. (5)

Industry plays a leading role in the economy. The region accounts for about 12% of the gross industrial output of the Far East. For 1966-1974 gross industrial output increased 1.7 times. (1)

Industry

Specialization Sakhalin region defines fishing industry(38% of the total industrial production of the region). According to the data of the territorial department of statistics, the catch of fish and seafood in 2010 amounted to 550.7 thousand tons. (5)

Forestry, woodworking and pulp and paper industries gives about 1/4 of the total volume of industrial production. Woodworking and pulp and paper mills are located in Poronaysk, Uglegorsk, Dolinsk, Kholmsk, Makarov. (1)

The total area of the forest fund of the Sakhalin region in 2010 was 6950.6 thousand hectares, including forest-covered - 5682.5 thousand hectares, which is 87% of the region's territory. The total stock of plantings is 621.7 million cubic meters, of which more than 50% are ripe and over-mature stands. (5)

Coal industry... The volume of coal production in 2010 amounted to 3,678 thousand tons, which is 193 thousand tons more than in 2009. The largest coal mining company in the Sakhalin Oblast is still Sakhalinugol Management Company LLC, which accounts for more than 56% of the coal mined. The coal mining enterprise of the Nevelsk region, OOO Gornyak-1, is dynamically developing, which in 2010 increased its coal production by 2.7 times. LLC "Uglegorskugol" is working steadily, in 2010 430 thousand tons of coal were mined.

In 2010, the export of coal outside the region amounted to 1173 thousand tons, which is 253.2 thousand tons more than in 2009. The export of coal for export in 2010 amounted to 1,062 thousand tons, 316.2 thousand tons more than in 2009.

Agriculture is the basic branch of the agro-industrial complex and plays an important role in the development of rural areas and food supply of the population with fresh food. The share of agricultural products in the gross regional product is about 2.5%.

The village is home to 117.1 thousand people, or 22.3% of the region's population. Large agricultural enterprises of the Sakhalin Oblast employ 2.6 thousand people, or 2.2% of those living in rural areas.

Currently, there are 30 agricultural enterprises of various forms of ownership, 660 peasant (farm) households, 140 thousand families engaged in personal subsidiary farming, gardening and horticulture in the Sakhalin Region. The largest enterprises in the agricultural sector are state unitary enterprises: GUSP Sovkhoz Teplichny, Poultry Farm Ostrovnaya, Komsomolets, Sovkhoz Yuzhno-Sakhalinsky, Sovkhoz Korsakovsky, FSUE Timiryazevskoe, ZAO Sovkhoz Zarechnoye, agricultural production cooperative "Sokolovsky", LLC TF "Sakhalin bacon-2". (5)

Mechanical engineering and metalworking industry carries out mainly repair work (the leading place is occupied by ship repair). The largest enterprises are in Nevelsk, Kholmsk, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Okha, Dolinsk. (1)

NS

building materials industry in 1974, compared with 1960, increased output by 2.5 times. In 1974, 93 thousand tons of cement, 219 thousand m3 of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures and parts, 14 million pieces of bricks, etc. were produced. Light industry produces garments, footwear, leather goods.

External cargo transportation mainly carries out sea and partly river transport (the main seaports are Korsakov and Kholmsk). Communication with the Kuril Islands is maintained by ships and aircraft. Cargo transportation on about. Sakhalin is operated by railways. transport; the railway network is concentrated mainly in the south of the island.

Oil and gas complex

The oil and gas industry currently plays a leading role in the economy of the Sakhalin Region, and its development is one of the main factors determining economic growth in the region. The oil and gas complex occupies a dominant position in the structure of industrial production (2009 - 87.7%).

Currently on land about. More than 95% of the explored oil reserves are involved in the development of Sakhalin. On the shelf about. Sakhalin has created a powerful hydrocarbon base. In the northeastern part, 10 oil and gas fields have been discovered, 7 of which in terms of reserves are classified as large and one is classified as unique (Lunskoye). The Chayvinskoye (Sakhalin-1), Piltun-Astokhskoye and Lunskoye fields (Sakhalin-2) are under development. Within the framework of the Sakhalin-1 project, it is planned to commission the Odoptinskoye (2010) and Arkutun-Daginskoye fields into development. (5)

Sakhalin shelf projects

This is the generalized name for a group of projects for the development of hydrocarbon deposits on the continental shelf of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan and the Tatar Strait adjacent to Sakhalin Island. A total of nine oil and gas fields with total reserves of 1.19 trillion cubic meters were discovered on the Sakhalin shelf. meters of gas, 394.4 million tons of oil and 88.5 million tons of gas condensate. (2)

AND

LUN-A platform on the shelf

Storia

Over 70 years of intensive production, onshore hydrocarbon deposits on Sakhalin were almost completely depleted, but in the 1970s-1980s, the Far East Offshore Exploration Drilling Expedition discovered more than three dozen oil and gas fields on the northeastern shelf of the island. To develop these fields in the last decades of the XX century, several projects were created under the general name "Sakhalin".

In the early 1990s, it was assumed that these projects would be developed by foreign investors and operators under production sharing agreements. Several such agreements were concluded, but only the Sakhalin-1 projects (reserves - 264.2 million tons of oil and 481.5 billion cubic meters of gas) and Sakhalin-2 (reserves - 182.4 million tons of oil and 633.6 billion cubic meters of gas). (2)

Currently, oil and gas production on the island is carried out by Exxon Neftegaz Limited (Sakhalin-1 project), Sakhalin Energy (Sakhalin-2), RN-Sakhalinmorneftegaz, Sakhalin Oil Company, Petrosakh ... Total production in 2009 reached 15.4 million tons of oil and gas condensate and 19 billion cubic meters of gas, respectively. The projected production of oil with condensate and gas, taking into account the development of new offshore projects, may amount to 18.8 million tons and 35.5 billion cubic meters in 2015, and 26.3 million tons and 61.3 billion cubic meters in 2020. (2)

Molikpaq platform (Piltun-Astokhskaya-A) - Russia's first ice-class offshore production and production platform installed on the shelf of the Sea of Okhotsk as part of the Sakhalin-2 project. Installed in 1998 as part of the first stage of the project.

An integrated oil and gas production platform installed on the shelf of the Sea of Okhotsk as part of the Sakhalin-2 project.

Installed in July 2007 at the Piltun area of the Piltun-Astokhskoye oil field, 12 km offshore at a depth of 32 m.Designed for year-round production, PA-B is a drilling, production and processing platform that will extract oil and associated gas from the Piltun reservoir ...

Piltun-Astokhskaya-B platform
main indicators:

Staff accommodation: 100 permanent and 40 temporary workers
Base. Height: 53 m. Weight: 90,000 t.Dimensions: 94 mx 91.5 mx 11.5 m
Pole height: 56 m
Top buildings. Flare stack height: 98.6 m. Weight: 28,000 t
Drilling windows: 45
The PA-B capacity is over 70,000 barrels (11.1 thousand m3) of oil and 92 million standard cubic feet (2.9 million m3) of associated gas per day.

NS

Industrial complex "Prigorodnoye"

Prigorodnoye industrial complex- the production complex of the Sakhalin-2 project, located in the Korsakovsky district of the Sakhalin region on the shores of the Aniva Bay and including the first in Russia plant for the production of liquefied natural gas (LNG), an oil export terminal (OET) and the Prigorodnoye port. ( 2)

The core of the onshore oil and gas complex on the island is RN-Sakhalinmorneftegaz LLC, which is part of the Rosneft Oil Company. The produced gas is sent through the pipeline system to consumers in the domestic market of the Sakhalin Region and the Khabarovsk Territory, the oil produced through the pipeline system is supplied to the Komsomolsk Oil Refinery.

CJSC "Petrosakh" is developing a small in terms of reserves Okruzhnoye oil field, located in the urban district "Smirnykhovsky". The bulk of the oil produced is transported by tankers to the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. In addition, part of the oil (36 thousand tons) is processed at a modular refinery located within the field.

OGUP "Sakhalin Oil Company" produces gas from small gas fields in the south of the island. Sakhalin. All gas in the amount of 20-30 million cubic meters is supplied to the energy and housing and communal facilities of the Aniva urban district, as well as to the peak boiler house in the city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. (5)

Sakhalin Energy produces oil and gas on the shelf as part of the Sakhalin-2 project.

Exxon Neftegas Limited, the operator of the Sakhalin-1 project, has been producing hydrocarbons since 2005. Oil is supplied through the pipeline to the port of De-Kastri and further for export to the Asia-Pacific countries, Gas is supplied to consumers in the Khabarovsk Territory.

In 2009, oil production in the region amounted to 15.4 million tons and increased in comparison with 2008 by 19.7% due to the transition in December 2008 of the Sakhalin-2 project to year-round production from all three platforms.

Gas production in the region amounted to 19 billion cubic meters. m, which is 2 times higher than the 2008 level. In 2009, oil supplies to consumers amounted to 15.4 million tons, including 13.8 million tons were shipped for export to the APR countries.

Agriculture of the Sakhalin Region specializes in the production of potatoes, vegetables in open ground and protected ground, meat, milk, eggs, rough and succulent feed.

The rural population is 86.4 thousand people or 17.7% of the total population of the Sakhalin Oblast.

The total area of farmland is 82.4 thousand hectares, including arable land area - 35.7 thousand hectares, sown area - 28.3 thousand hectares.

At the end of 2019, the gross output amounted to 11.5 billion rubles.

Gross agricultural production was:

livestock and poultry meat (live weight) - 13 thousand tons.

milk - 41.7 thousand tons.

eggs - 142.4 million pieces.

The gross harvest of potatoes in 2019 amounted to 65.9 thousand tons, vegetables - 39.3 thousand tons.
The number of livestock and poultry in 2019 was:

Cattle - 26.6 thousand heads.

Pigs - 48.0 thousand heads.

Birds - 830.1 thousand heads.

Governmental support

In 2019, financing of measures for the development and support of agriculture within the framework of the state program of the Sakhalin region "Development of agriculture in the Sakhalin region and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food" amounted to 1986.3 million rubles. (regional budget - 1903.4 million rubles, federal budget - 82.9 million rubles), including:

for the development of crop production - 146.3 million rubles;

for the development of animal husbandry - 955.2 million rubles;

to support small businesses - 401.3 million rubles;

for technical and technological modernization of agriculture - 112.5 million rubles;

to improve the living conditions of citizens living in rural areas, including young families and young professionals - 27.5 million rubles;

to ensure the general conditions for the functioning of agricultural production - 20.8 million rubles;

for the development of agricultural land reclamation - 322.7 million rubles.

In 2019, for the purpose of technical and technological modernization of agriculture, 189 units of agricultural machinery and equipment were purchased.

The renewal of machinery and equipment for agricultural producers who received government support amounted to 16.4%.

In 2019, within the framework of the implementation of the subprogram "Support for small forms of farming" of the sectoral state program, the "Beginner Farmer" grant was received by 15 peasant farms and 5 farms received a grant for "Creation of a family livestock farm on the basis of a peasant (farm) farm", as well as grant support for development The material and technical base was provided to the Pobeda agricultural consumer cooperative.

As a result of the use of grants, an additional 58 permanent jobs were created.

As part of the support of the participants of the "Far Eastern Hectare" program, 55 participants received grant support for the creation of farms in the agricultural sector.

In 2019, during the implementation of the activities of the regional project “Creation of a support system for farmers and the development of rural cooperation in the Sakhalin Region”, the number of SMEs involved in agriculture, including through state support, actually amounted to 39 people.

Including, the number of accepted members of agricultural consumer cooperatives from among SMEs is 21 people.

The number of newly created small and medium-sized businesses in agriculture, including peasant farms and agricultural consumer cooperatives - 8 units.

In order to accelerate the development of agricultural production and increase the self-sufficiency of the region with the products of local producers in agriculture, the following projects are being implemented:

1. “Pig-breeding complex for the production of up to 62,000 heads per year in the village. Taranay, Aniva urban district of Sakhalin region. Stage II. Pig-breeding complex for 50,000 heads per year "(JSC" Mercy Agro Sakhalin ")

Resident of PSEDA "Yuzhnaya" since 01.07.2016.
Project implementation period: 2016-2020.
Jobs created - 144.

The construction of the buildings of the pig-breeding complex has been completed. Work continues on landscaping, arrangement of access roads, a site for solid waste, a parking lot.

As a result of the project implementation, upon reaching the design capacity, production will amount to 6820 tons of pork in live weight per year.

2. "Construction of two livestock complexes with a total livestock of 3800 heads of dairy herd and milk processing capacities up to 33 thousand tons per year" (LLC "Green Agro-Sakhalin")

Resident of PSEDA "Yuzhnaya" since 29.08.2016.
The term of the project is 2016-2020.
Job creation - 471.

The project is being implemented at 2 sites:

1 playground- with. Troitskoe, Anivsky district, Sakhalin region.

"Livestock complex for 1,900 heads of dairy herd and a milk processing plant with a capacity of 120 tons per day."
Stage 1 - a livestock complex for 1,900 heads of dairy herd (2016-2020, creation of 141 new jobs, production capacity - 15 thousand tons of milk and 360 tons of cattle meat).

The construction of facilities is carried out in accordance with a breakdown into 6 stages.

In 2018-2019 2 first stages were put into operation: 2 cowsheds, 6 calves of different ages and auxiliary facilities (transitional galleries, manure storages, KTPN).

Stage 3: milking and dairy unit, dairy unit, 3 calves (from 6 to 17 months) - construction readiness 98.2%. The commissioning certificate is planned to be received by the end of the 1st quarter of 2020.

Stage 4: a zone for veterinary treatment of calves from 6 to 17 months and from 17 to 24 months, transitional galleries 3 pcs., Checkpoint - construction readiness 65.3%. The commissioning certificate is planned to be received by the end of the 1st quarter of 2020.

Stage 5: slaughterhouse, septic tank, 2 calf houses (from 17 to 24 months), transition gallery 2 pcs. - construction readiness 29.2%. The commissioning certificate is planned to be received by the end of the II quarter of 2020.

Stage 6: a site for installing a booster pump and loading, a site for manure, an isolator, a feed store, a hay storage 2 pcs. - construction readiness 2.5%. The commissioning certificate is planned to be received by the end of the II quarter of 2020.

Phase 2 - construction of a milk processing plant with a capacity of 120 tons per day (2018-2021, creation of 250 new jobs, production volume - 22 thousand tons of fermented milk products), as well as construction of a meat processing workshop, a warehouse for consumables, utility building, disinfection barrier with a medical facility, disinfection barrier with LCD, offer No. 3 with a separation workshop, fire extinguishing pumping station, NVK, boiler room, steam supply, heating networks, external gas supply (GSN), on-site power supply networks. Construction readiness of the 2nd stage - 61.1%. The commissioning certificate is planned to be received by the end of the II quarter of 2020.

Stage 3 - a repair shop, a garage for storing trailers with a warehouse, an insulated garage for a residential complex, a closed car wash, an open car wash, a container-type gas station, a modular diesel power station, a gas distribution point. Pre-project preparation is underway, obtaining a positive opinion by the end of the II quarter of 2020.

A total of 1176 heads of pedigree cattle were imported: in 2018 - 222 heads (from the Primorsky Territory, 564 heads from Denmark) and in 2019 - 390 heads from Denmark.

2 site - with. Bereznyaki, Municipal Formation Urban District "City of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk"

"Livestock complex for 1900 heads of dairy herd"
The terms of the project are 2019-2022.
Creation of 80 new jobs, production capacity - 15 thousand tons of milk and 360 tons of meat.

Work on the development of design documentation has been completed, a positive conclusion of the state construction expertise and a building permit have been received for a period until September 2020.

3. "Construction, reconstruction and modernization of broiler production (poultry farm) on the basis of the State Unitary Enterprise" Poultry farm "Ostrovnaya".

The implementation period is 2014-2020.
Creation of new jobs - 75.
The cost of the project is RUB 3,689.4 million.
In 2015, financing was provided in the form of a contribution to the charter capital in the amount of RUB 3,300.0 million.
Actually disbursed - 1,475.3 million rubles.

The buildings of two poultry houses of replacement chickens have been erected, the installation of technological equipment is carried out by the specialists of the poultry farm. Work is underway on the installation of internal engineering systems for the hatchery and feed shop, work on the installation of internal partitions and overlapping the slaughterhouse. Installation of engineering and transport infrastructure networks is underway.

Work is underway in the poultry houses, as well as at auxiliary facilities (disinfection barriers, car park boxes, a litter area, a litter preparation workshop). Work is underway to install the internal engineering systems of the meat site hatchery.

Upon reaching full capacity, production will amount to 6 thousand tons of meat. The project envisages the creation of a feed workshop with a capacity of up to 25 thousand tons of finished feed per year, as well as a meat processing workshop.

4. "Breeding, subsequent fattening and slaughter of cattle of specialized meat breeds" (JSC "State farm Yuzhno-Sakhalinsky").

The project is being implemented in order to increase meat production on the territory of the Sakhalin Region, the project's capacity at full capacity is 400 tons of meat in live weight.

1 site - with. Keys, Municipal Formation Urban District "City of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk" "Creation of an agricultural facility for keeping cattle for meat production on the territory of a livestock complex in the village. Keys ".
Terms of implementation - 2017-2019 (ACT of acceptance of the completed construction of the facility dated 21.01.2019 No. 21/01).
Job creation - 28.
Construction objects: a hangar for livestock, a single feed table, walking areas, a sanitary checkpoint with a disinfection barrier, a veterinary station, access roads.
Livestock - 1578 heads of beef cattle.

2 site - with. Palevo, municipality urban district "" Cattle farm for meat production up to 2000 heads ".
The implementation period is 2017-2020.
Job creation - 15.

Livestock - 2000 heads of cattle for meat production.

The main tasks in agriculture:

ensuring food independence of the region;

increasing the volume of agricultural production;

implementation of investment projects in the field of agriculture;

continuation of the implementation of measures for staffing the industry.