Population of the Central Federal District. Population of the Central Federal District Socio-economic situation of the Central Federal District

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Central Federal District(CFD) is a federal district in the west. Formed by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000.

The okrug does not have republics among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation - only regions and a city of federal significance, the capital of Russia, which is the administrative center and the largest city of the okrug, are represented in it.

The Central Federal District has no outlet to the world ocean or any sea. It is the largest among the federal districts in terms of the number of subjects and population.

Geography

The territory of the Okrug is 650 205 km², that is, 3.8% of the territory of the Russian Federation, which is more - the largest state entirely located in Europe.

Located on the East European Plain; there are Valdai, Smolensk-Moscow and Central Russian uplands, Meshchera and Oka-Don lowlands. The highest point is 347 meters (Top of Valdai).

External borders: in the west with, in the south-west with. Internal borders: in the south with the South, in the east with the Volga Federal District, in the north with the Northwestern Federal Districts.

The largest rivers (tributaries in brackets): Volga (Oka), Don (Voronezh), Dnieper (Desna, Seim), Western Dvina. There is no exit to the sea.

Natural zones (from north to south): mixed forest, broad-leaved forest, forest-steppe, steppe.

Climate: Moderately continental, the average January temperature is from -7 to -14 ° C, in July - from +16 to + 22 ° C.

Natural resources: iron ore (Kursk Magnetic Anomaly) - reserves of 40 billion tons (60% of Russian), phosphorites (25%), bauxite (15%), brown coal - extraction of 1.5 million tons, cement raw materials (25% ), granite (open pit mining, 2 quarries in the Bogucharsky and Pavlovsky districts of the Voronezh region), ocher, peat, forest, chernozem, water resources.

The length of railways is 17,291 km (19.9% ​​of Russian), of roads with a hard surface - 117,926 km (22.3%).

From a historical, economic and natural-climatic point of view, it is divided into two sub-regions - the Non-Black Earth Region and the Black Earth Region. In weather forecasts, the district is often abbreviated as the Center of Russia or Central Russia.

District composition

General Map

Cities with population:

Localities of the Central Federal District

Population

The Central Federal District has the highest population density in Russia - 60.56 people / km² (2019). The district is the largest in Russia in terms of population - 39,378,059 people (2019) (26.83% of the RF). The share of the urban population is 82.06%. Also in the Central Federal District the largest share of the Russian population (89.06% in 2010). This is the only federal district where there is not a single national subject of the federation. It consists mainly of small but densely populated areas, about half of the population lives in and.

National composition

National composition, according to the 2010 census: Total - 38 427 539 people.

1. Russians - 34 240 603 (89.10%)
2. Ukrainians - 514 919 (1.34%)
3. Armenians - 270,996 (0.71%)
4. Tatars - 265 913 (0.69%)
5. Azerbaijanis - 132 312 (0.34%)
6. Belarusians - 128 742 (0.34%)
7. Uzbeks - 90 652 (0.24%)
8. Jews - 69,409 (0.18%)
9. Moldovans - 65 645 (0.17%)
10. Georgians - 63 612 (0.17%)
11. Tajiks - 62,785 (0.16%)
12. Mordva - 51 826 (0.13%)
13. Roma - 49,535 (0.13%)
14. Chuvash - 40,157 (0.10%)
15. Kyrgyz - 29,269 (0.08%)
16. Chechens - 25,734 (0.07%)
17. Germans - 25,219 (0.07%)
18. Koreans - 21,779 (0.06%)
19. Ossetians - 19,203 (0.05%)
20. Lezgins - 17 843 (0.05%)
21. Kazakhs - 17,608 (0.05%)
22. Turks - 15 322 (0.04%)
23. Bashkirs - 15,249 (0.04%)
24. Yezidis - 13 727 (0.04%)
25. Avars - 12,887 (0.03%)
26. Dargins - 10,095 (0.03%)
27. Persons who did not indicate nationality - 1 million 944 thousand 531 people. (5.06%)
28. Persons of other nationalities - 2 million 260 thousand 631 people. (5.88%)

According to the 2002 census, the population of the Central Federal District is 38 million 651 thousand. National composition:

1. Russians - 34 million 703 thousand 066 people. (91.32%)
2. Ukrainians - 756 thousand 087 people. (1.99%)
3. Persons who did not indicate their nationality - 736 thousand 020 people. (1.93%)
4. Tatars - 288 thousand 216 people. (0.77%)
5. Armenians - 249 thousand 220 people (0.66%)
6. Belarusians - 186 thousand 326 people. (0.49%)
7. Azerbaijanis - 161 thousand 859 people. (0.43%)
8. Jews - 103 thousand 710 people. (0.27%)
9. Georgians - 80 thousand 651 people. (0.21%)
10. Moldovans - 67 thousand 811 people. (0.18%)
11. Mordva - 67 thousand 497 people. (0.18%)
12. Tajiks - 46 thousand 738 people. (0.12%)
13. Chuvash - 46 thousand 101 people (0.12%)
14. Roma - 45 thousand 858 people. (0.12%)
15. Uzbeks - 38 thousand 676 people. (0.1%)
16. Germans - 33 thousand 190 people. (0.09%)
17. Chechens - 28 thousand 861 people. (0.08%)
18. Ossetians - 17 thousand 655 people. (0.05%)
19. Persons of other nationalities - 17 thousand 270 people. (0.05%)
20. Koreans - 16 thousand 720 people. (0.04%)

Languages

According to the ethno-linguistic composition, the following groups and families prevail:

1. Indo-European family - 35,525,282 people. (92.45%)
   1. Slavic group - 34 903 814 (90.83%)
   2. Armenian group - 271,281 (0.71%)
   3. Iranian group - 105,149 (0.27%)
   4. Romance group - 70,074 (0.18%)
   5. Indo-European Jews - 69,409 (0.18%)
   6. Indo-Aryan group - 52 105 (0.14%)
2. Altai family - 646 955 (1.68%)
   1. Turkic group - 636 673 (1.66%)
   2. Mongolian group - 9974 (0.02%)
3. North Caucasian family - 113 329 (0.29%)
4. Ural family - 84 798 (0.22%)
   1. Finno-Ugric group - 84 667 (0.22%)
5. Kartvelian family - 63 629 (0.17%)
6. Koreans - 21,779 (0.06%)
7. Semitic-Hamite family - 7977 (0.02%)

Big cities

GRP and the economy of the Central Federal District

The total GRP of the Central Federal District in 2017 amounted to 26 trillion 164 billion rubles. During this period, the share of Moscow and the Moscow region accounted for 74.63% or 3/4 of the district's GRP, 6 regions of the Central Chernozem region - 11.66% of the GRP, and the remaining 10 regions of the Central Federal District - 13.71% of the district's GRP.

(* The GRP of Moscow is not real, due to the fact that the largest enterprises from other constituent entities of the Russian Federation are registered in Moscow, which give Moscow an increase in GRP, and not the region where the products themselves are produced, the real GRP of Moscow is currently not possible to calculate.)

Plenipotentiaries of the President of the Russian Federation in the Central Federal District

• Poltavchenko, Georgy Sergeevich (May 18, 2000 / March 26, 2004 / May 14, 2008 - August 31, 2011)
• Govorun, Oleg Markovich (September 6, 2011 - May 21, 2012)
• Beglov, Alexander Dmitrievich (23 May 2012 - 25 December 2017)
• Gordeev, Alexey Vasilievich (December 25, 2017 - May 18, 2018)
• Shchegolev Igor Olegovich (from June 26, 2018, No. 367)

Sources of

• Central Federal District // Chepalyga A.L., Chepalyga G.I. Regions of Russia: Handbook. - 2nd ed., Rev. and add. - M .: Dashkov and K °, 2004 .-- 100 p. - S. 26-39. ISBN 5-94798-490-3

Links

• Public Council of the Central Federal District
• Legislation of the Central Federal District

see also

• Central economic region
• Central Black Earth Economic Region

Notes (edit)

1. Information on the availability and distribution of land in the Russian Federation as of 01.01.2017 (in the context of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation) // Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography (Rosreestr)
2. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (Russian)... Date of treatment July 31, 2019.
3. Gross regional product by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 1998-2016 (Russian)(xls). Rosstat.
4. Gross regional product per capita for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 1998-2016. MS Excel document
5. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2018 (Russian)... Retrieved July 25, 2018. Archived July 26, 2018.
6. Demographic situation in modern Russia
7. Resident population as of January 1 (people) 1990-2013
8. 2002 All-Russian Population Census. Volume. 1, table 4. The population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - regional centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more (unspecified) ... Archived February 3, 2012.
9. Population census 2010. Population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements (Russian)... Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved September 25, 2013. Archived April 28, 2013.
10. Table 33. The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2014 (unspecified) ... Date of treatment August 2, 2014. Archived August 2, 2014.
11. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015 (unspecified) ... Date of treatment August 6, 2015. Archived August 6, 2015.
12. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
13. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2017 (Russian)(July 31, 2017). Retrieved July 31, 2017. Archived July 31, 2017.
14. 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
15. 4.22. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
16. 4.6. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
17. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriages, divorces rates for January-December 2011
18. Fertility, mortality, natural growth rates, marriages, divorces for January-December 2012
19. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriages, divorces rates for January-December 2013
20. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriages, divorces rates for January-December 2014
21. 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
22. 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
23. 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
24. 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
25. 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
26. 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
27. 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
28. 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
29. 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
30. 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
31. 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
32. 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
33. 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
34. 4.22. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
35. 4.6. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
36. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriages, divorces rates for January-December 2011
37. Fertility, mortality, natural growth rates, marriages, divorces for January-December 2012
38. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriages, divorces rates for January-December 2013
39. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriages, divorces rates for January-December 2014
40. Fertility, mortality, natural growth rates, marriages, divorces for January-December 2015
41. Fertility, mortality, natural growth rates, marriages, divorces for January-December 2016
42. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriages, divorces rates for January-December 2017
43. Life expectancy at birth, years, year, indicator value per year, total population, both sexes
44. Life expectancy at birth
45. All-Russian population census 2010. Official totals with extended lists by ethnic composition of the population and by region: see.
46. Gross regional product by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 1998-2016 (unspecified) (.xlsx). Federal State Statistics Service (March 2, 2018). - Official statistics. Date of treatment March 6, 2018.
47. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 18, 2000 No. 894 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Central Federal District"
48. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 26, 2004 No. 415 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Central Federal District"
49. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 14, 2008 No. 789 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Central Federal District"
50. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of August 31, 2011 No. 1130 "About G.S. Poltavchenko"
51. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 06.09.2011 No. 1163 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Central Federal District"
52. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 21, 2012 No. 656 "On the Minister of Regional Development of the Russian Federation"
53. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 23, 2012 No. 704 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Central Federal District"
54. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 25, 2017 No. 624 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the North-West Federal District"
55. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 25, 2017 No. 625 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Central Federal District"
56. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 18, 2018 No. 225 "On the Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation"
57. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 26, 2018 No. 367 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Central Federal District"

- the most densely populated part of Russia. The population density is 57.5 people / km 2. Center - Moscow. In terms of area, it occupies about 4% of the territory of the Russian Federation and concentrates 25% of the country's population, of which half is concentrated in Moscow metropolitan region.

It is not by chance that the district was named Central. This name characterizes not only its geographical position in the center of the country, but also its historical function as the nucleus of the Russian state, the center of economic, political and cultural life.

The Central District has the largest training centers, research institutes, design organizations, cities of science, therefore it is characterized by a high concentration of qualified personnel, which explains the high level of development of science-intensive industries (Table 1).

Table 1. Geography of engineering industries in the Central Federal District

It is a developed industrial and agricultural area.

Ferrous metallurgy uses the natural wealth of the region - the iron ores of the Kursk magnetic anomaly. In terms of geological reserves, the KMA field ranks first in the world. The shallow occurrence of ores (from 35 to 500 m) allows them to be mined in open pits. Mining of K ML ores accounts for 40% of the total production of iron ores in the CIS countries.

Lebedinsky mining and processing plant is located in the Belgorod region. It produces a powdery ore concentrate, 2/3 composed of iron oxide. From here, the concentrate is sent to metallurgical plants in the form of agglomerate or pellets.

OJSC Novolipetsk Metallurgical Plant in Lipetsk specializes in iron and steel smelting. It ranks third in Russia in terms of production after the Cherepovets (Vologda Oblast) and Magnitogorsk (Chelyabinsk Oblast) Combines.

Oskol Electrometallurgical Plant is located in Stary Oskol (Belgorod Region). It produces steel by direct reduction of iron.

The most valuable wealth of the district is soils - chernozems. The humus content in them ranges from 4 to 12%, and the chernozem horizon itself reaches 1 m or more. These are the most fertile soils in Russia, therefore the district belongs to the main agricultural regions of the country. A significant part of its territory is occupied by fields of grain, industrial and fodder crops: rye and wheat, millet and buckwheat, corn, barley, oats, silage grasses, sugar beets, sunflowers. Livestock raising, horticulture and vegetable growing are well developed.

The agro-industrial complex of the district specializes in the production of commercial grain, flour, cereals, granulated sugar, butter, starch, canned fruits and vegetables.

Indicators of the Central Federal District

Administrative-territorial composition: Moscow, Belgorod, Bryansk, Vladimir, Voronezh, Ivanovsk, Kaluga, Kostroma, Kursk, Lipetsk, Moscow, Oryol, Ryazan, Smolensk, Tambov, Tver, Tula, Yaroslavl regions.

Territory - 652.7 thousand km 2. Population - 37.1 million people.

The administrative center is Moscow.

The Central Federal District unites the Central and Central Black Earth economic regions.

The territory of the Okrug belongs to Central Russia with a characteristic non-relative unity of natural, geographic, demographic and economic development features.

Table 2. The share of economic indicators of the Central Federal District in the all-Russian

Branches of specialization of industrial production of the district on the basis of the localization coefficient are highlighted in table. 3.

The Central Federal District, in accordance with the calculations of the localization coefficient (Table 3), specializes in the following forks of economic activity: manufacturing industries, including the production of food products, including beverages, and tobacco, textile and clothing production, leather production, leather goods and production of footwear, pulp and paper production, publishing and printing activities, chemical production, production of rubber and plastic products, production of other non-metallic mineral products, production of electrical equipment, electronic and optical equipment, and other industries; production and distribution of electricity, gas and water.

Table 3. Specialization of industrial production in the Central Federal District

The Central Federal District (CFD) is a capital region leading in terms of population, economic and social development, with a complex differentiated economic structure and a dense network of railways and highways.

Districts of the Central Federal District

According to natural conditions, location and development of productive forces on the territory of the district, the Central and Central Black Earth economic regions are distinguished.

Central economic region

District composition(13 subjects of the federation) - Moscow, Moscow, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Ivanovskaya, Vladimirskaya, Ryazan, Tula, Oryol, Bryansk, Kaluga, Smolensk, Tver regions.

In terms of the number of subjects of the federation, this is the largest district, it also stands out in terms of population.

The region does not have significant reserves of minerals that could determine the development of its economy. Fuel reserves are presented in the lignite basin near Moscow, low quality coals, but can be used as coking and power ones. There are insignificant deposits of peat in the territories of Tver, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Yaroslavl and Moscow regions. Discovered oil and gas fields in the Yaroslavl region, which are not yet developed.

Mineral raw materials are represented by a few iron ore deposits in the Tula and Oryol regions. The Kosogorsk Metallurgical Combine (XV-XVII centuries) was founded on the use of Tula ores. There are industrial phosphorite deposits in the Bryansk and Moscow regions.

All natural resources are mainly of intraregional importance.

Population. The central region is leading in terms of population density (more than 60 people / km 2), but there are significant differences. The maximum concentration of the population is reached within the Moscow agglomeration (excluding Moscow - 140 people / km 2), while in the Kostroma region the average density is only 13 people / km 2.

The share of the urban population is 83.1%. The largest Moscow agglomeration in Russia was formed in the region. Moscow, as it were, impeded the growth of other cities, so there are few large urban settlements in the region: Yaroslavl (620 thousand people), Ryazan (530 thousand people), Tula (520 thousand people). The main nationality of all subjects is Russians. In some places, a compact residence of other peoples is noted: in the Tver region - Karelians, in the Ryazan region - Mordovians and Tatars, in the regions of the Smolensk and Bryansk regions bordering on Belarus - Belarusians.

Household. The presence of highly qualified labor resources and a large number of research and design institutes have always determined the development of science-intensive and labor-intensive industries in the region, including the military-industrial complex.

Tertiary sector. Moscow is undoubtedly the largest the banking center of the country. The boards of all major banks in Russia are concentrated here, there is a large branch network. All this leads to the fact that this industry is coming to the fore in the region. Income received from financial transactions outstrips all other areas of business. An additional resource leading to the strengthening of the role of the Center is the implementation of state functions Moscow. Placement in the city of the Presidential Administration, Government, Federal Assembly entails the concentration of various industries, firms and management structures.

Industry... Mechanical engineering is the main branch of industry in the region. At one time, the automotive industry, machine tool building, instrument making, electrical engineering, electronics, aircraft construction developed here. The first locomotive and carriage-building enterprises appeared in the region, then their number increased.

The center of the automotive industry - Moscow - where the ZIL production association is located, specializing in the production of medium-duty trucks.

The Center houses many factories that produce equipment for various industries (clothing, chemical, energy, building materials, woodworking). The main centers of machine tool building are Moscow, Kolomna, Ryazan. Instrument making is developed in Moscow (factories "Energopribor", "Fizpribor", "Manometer", watch factories), Ryazan, Vladimir, Smolensk. Electrotechnical engineering is well developed in Moscow; it is represented by the factories "Moskabel", "Dynamo" and factories in Yaroslavl, Kaluga and the Vladimir region.

Chemical production is also a branch of specialization. Among the branches of chemistry, operating on their own resources, one should name the production of phosphorus fertilizers (Voskresensk and Polpino). Plants for the production of plastics, chemical fibers and threads, synthetic rubber, nitrogen fertilizers (Tula region), and detergents operate on imported oil and gas (there are three refineries in the region). The centers for the production of synthetic rubber are Yaroslavl and Efremov.

Ferrous metallurgy is represented by a full-cycle enterprise in Tula, an iron foundry in Kosaya Gora (Tula region), as well as a number of processing plants in Moscow, Elektrostal, Orel.

The central region is characterized by a powerful printing industry, which is also a market specialization. Large printing plants are located in Moscow, supplying all regions of the country with their products.

The textile industry, which once played a leading role in the region, is experiencing a decline in production. It is caused by the massive import of cheaper products from abroad, a shortage of raw materials left outside of Russia, and the disappearance of government orders. All these reasons led to the shutdown of many businesses.

Most of the other industries provide for the internal needs of the Central Economic Region: electric power, food processing, nonferrous metallurgy, and construction.

Agriculture. Climatic conditions in combination with different soils make it possible to grow cereals with a short growing season, fodder crops, and potatoes in the northern regions. In the southern regions, winter wheat ripens, a lot of potatoes are planted on chernozem soils, sugar beets are planted in the very south. Dairy and beef cattle breeding is represented in animal husbandry. There are many poultry and pig farms in the region. The suburban type of economy has developed significantly, combining vegetable growing, potato growing with dairy and meat cattle breeding and pig breeding.

Transport characterized by a huge scale of transportation of goods and passengers. Historically, a radial-ring transport network has developed in focus with Moscow. 11 electrified railways diverge from Moscow, connecting the Central Region with all parts of the country. Several federal highways pass through Moscow. Moscow is the largest aviation hub in the country. Oil and gas pipelines run through the Central District.

The Moscow river port can receive cargo going through a system of canals from five seas.

The Central Economic Region is a major tourist region of the country.

Currently, the most important factors in the development of the region are:

• an increase in the role of the financial and credit sphere (banks), the rapid formation of small and medium-sized businesses during the transition to a market economy;
• structural restructuring in the economy, which preserves traditional production on the basis of military-industrial complex enterprises.

Central Black Earth Economic Region

District composition(five subjects of the federation) - Kursk, Belgorod, Voronezh, Lipetsk, Tambov regions.

Conditions for the development of the economy. The region's specialization is associated with its own iron ore resources (KM A ore is the first in the country). There are phosphorite deposits in the Kursk region.

Nonmetallic minerals are represented by molding sands, deposits of cement raw materials, chalk and limestone (Belgorod region).

The soils in the north are podzolic and gray podzolic; the rest are fertile chernozems.

Limitations are determined by the shortage of water and the lack of energy capacity. Naturally, the territory is favorable for the cultivation of many agricultural crops.

Population. The coefficient of natural population decline is slightly lower than the indicators of the Central region and reaches 6-8 ° / 00. The population density is relatively high - 46 people / km 2. At the same time, there is almost no differentiation across the territory. The region is one of the few that can be called mono-national. The share of Russians ranges from 92% in the Belgorod region to 98% in the Tambov region.

Household. Ferrous metallurgy. Located in the region, the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA) is the largest iron ore basin in the country (the ore contains up to 60% iron). The Kursk-Orlovsky region (Mikhailovskoye field) and the Starooskolsky region (Lebedinskoye and Stoilenskoye deposits) are distinguished. Enriched ore is largely sent outside the region, as well as to local enterprises in Lipetsk and Stary Oskol (a plant for the direct reduction of iron from ores has been built). Other industries include mechanical engineering (machine tool industry - Voronezh, Lipetsk, tractor engineering - Lipetsk, agricultural mechanical engineering - Voronezh, Tambov, Michurinsk, Kursk; heavy engineering and aircraft construction). Chemistry: production of synthetic rubber and tires in Voronezh, synthetic fibers in Kursk, dyes in Tambov, detergents in Shebekin.

Agro-industrial complex. Sugar beet (first in the country), sunflower (third in the country), cereals, potatoes, vegetables, fruit and berry crops are cultivated in the region. Dairy and beef cattle breeding and pig breeding predominate in animal husbandry. In terms of meat production per capita, the region ranks first in the country (about 55 kg), in milk production - in second place after the Volga-Vyatka region. Almost all products are processed within the region. There are flour mills, milk canned feed, sugar and starch enterprises, factories for the production of vegetable and animal oil. The country's largest Alekseevsky ether complex began to produce the famous brand of sunflower oil "Sloboda".

Further development of the region is associated with the increase in agricultural production and the development of iron ore deposits in the KMA.

The Central Federal District was formed by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 849 dated May 13, 2000.

The Central Federal District includes 18 constituent entities of the Russian Federation: Belgorod, Bryansk, Vladimir, Voronezh, Ivanovskaya, Kaluga, Kostroma, Kursk, Lipetsk, Moscow, Oryol, Ryazan, Smolensk, Tambov, Tver, Tula, Yaroslavl regions and the city of Moscow. The center of the Central Federal is the city of Moscow (area 1.1 thousand km2, population as of 01.01.2007 - 10.4 million people).

The area of ​​the territory of the Central Federal District is 650.7 km2 or 3.8% of the area of ​​the territory of Russia. The district is the most populated in Russia (37.3 million people), while 78.8% of the population lives in cities.

By, as well as by the number of inhabitants, the Central Federal District ranks first among the federal districts: 57.2 people. per km2. The maximum population density is in Moscow (9,571.6 people per km2) and the Moscow region (141.7 people per km2), the lowest population density is in the Kostroma (13.2) and Tver (19.3) regions.
The Central Federal District belongs to highly urbanized regions: almost three quarters of the population lives in 40 large cities.

The largest cities in the central federal district are Moscow, Voronezh, Yaroslavl, Ryazan, Tula, Lipetsk, Ivanovo, Bryansk, Tver, Kursk. The number of other cities does not exceed 440,000 people. In total, there are 300 cities in the district.

The territory of the Central Federal District is located in several natural zones - coniferous, mixed and deciduous forests,. The predominant part of the territory belongs to the basins of the Volga and Don rivers.

The main natural wealth of the Central Federal District is the iron ore of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, which ranks first in the world in terms of geological reserves, and first in Russia in terms of balance reserves. The shallow occurrence and high quality of ores determine the efficiency of their extraction. Other types of mineral resources in the district include large reserves of chalk, limestone, refractory and brick clays, marl, as well as building, glass and molding sands. The Central Federal District is not rich in fuel and energy resources. Fuel reserves are represented by a lignite basin, which is located on the territory of 5 regions - Tver, Smolensk, Kaluga, Tula and Ryazan. The balance reserves of coal are about 4 billion tons, the depth is up to 60 meters, the thickness of the seams is 20–46 meters, the geological and hydrological conditions are unfavorable. Coals near Moscow are of low quality (low calorific value, high ash content and sulfur content). There are peat deposits in the northern and central parts of the Okrug. The discovery of oil fields is forecasted in Ivanovskaya, Kostroma and Yaroslavl regions.

The specialization of the economy of the Central Federal District is territorially differentiated. The south of the district (Central Chernozem economic region) specializes in mining, metallurgy, some branches of mechanical engineering and chemistry, as well as intensive agricultural production. In the north and in the center (Central Economic Region), highly developed diversified machine building and metalworking, the chemical industry, various industries, and some branches of light industry prevail.

The leading industries in the structure of the industrial complex of the Central Federal District are mechanical engineering and metalworking. The district has developed the rocket and space industry, aircraft construction, the electronic and radio industries, railway engineering, the production of precision machines, numerically controlled machine tools, and robotics. An important branch of the region's specialization is the chemical industry, represented not only by the production of fertilizers, but also by the chemistry of organic synthesis (synthetic resins, plastics, lavsan, etc.). The Okrug produces up to 30% of light industry products, and occupies a leading place in the country in the production of cotton, linen, woolen and silk fabrics. The food industry is widely developed, in which the leaders are the sugar, flour and cereals, oil mill, meat, alcohol, confectionery, fruit and vegetable and tobacco and tobacco industries.

The Central Federal District is one of the largest manufacturers of printing products, a significant share of which is produced at printing plants in Moscow and the Moscow region, in Tver, Yaroslavl, Ryazan.

The Central Federal District is the leader among the federal districts in all major indicators of socio-economic development. Only in terms of the total volume of industrial production, it is somewhat inferior. The Moscow region (Moscow and the Moscow region) occupies a leading place in the district's economy, providing 84% of federal budget revenues. The district is distinguished by the most significant territorial differentiation of the population's income in the country (tenfold between Moscow and the Kaluga region).

The largest economic, political, scientific and cultural center of Russia - its capital - is located on the territory of the Central Federal District. Moscow is the largest financial center in Russia, the most important transport hub, providing a wide range of transport services. The country's highest level of development of the service sector, wholesale and area-oriented concentration of consumer demand has been achieved here. The sector of information and communication services is developing rapidly in the city. In the field of industrial production in Moscow, the leading role is played by science-intensive, automotive, machine-tool building, as well as the electric power industry, the production of building materials, and various branches of the light and food industries.

Among other districts, the cities of Voronezh, Tula and Yaroslavl stand out.

The structure includes 18 territorial entities. And for this reason, it is the largest in terms of their number. There are no republics in the Central Federal District, only regions and the only one which is the capital of our country, Moscow. By the way, it is not only the largest city in the entire district, but also its administrative center. However, first things first.

Peculiarities

Before considering the composition of the Central Federal District, it is worth noting the features that distinguish it.

So, the Central Federal District was formed on May 13, 2000. He has no outlet to any sea and, accordingly, the ocean. But nevertheless, this is the largest district in terms of population and the number of territorial entities, which was already mentioned above. A little more than 39 million people live in the Central Federal District. This is approximately 26.7% of the total number of citizens of the Russian Federation. The density, by the way, is ~ 60.14 people per km².

The Central Federal District includes two large economic regions, which include 310 cities. These are the Central Black Earth and Central regions. The area occupied by them is 650 205 km². This is approximately 3.8% of the entire territory of Russia. But, despite such small dimensions, the Central Federal District is the basic macro-region of the entire country.

Capital

As mentioned above, Moscow is part of the Central Federal District. It occupies the smallest area when compared with other subjects of the Central Federal District - only 2,511 km². But, despite this, there are on average 10 times more people living in Moscow than in other areas of the district. There are 12,330,126 people in the capital, according to the latest statistics.

What can you tell about Moscow? After all, this is the capital, and that says it all. Still, it should be noted that the city is the largest financial center on a national scale and one of the world's largest business megalopolises. And perhaps it will not be superfluous to say that it is Moscow that is in first place among all cities on our planet in terms of the number of dollar billionaires living on its territory. There are 79 of them here. In any case, as of 2011.

And of course, Moscow is the largest transport hub in Russia. During the year, the volume of passenger traffic is about 11.5 billion people.

Moscow region

This is the next most populous subject of the Central Federal District after the capital. The area of ​​the region is approximately 44.4 thousand km². About 7.32 million people live in this territory.

In terms of GRP, the Moscow Region ranks third among all Russian regions. This is a well-developed region, which is facilitated, by the way, by the neighborhood with the capital. On the one hand, this fact plays a positive role. But on the other hand, the capital takes over the labor resources of the region. It's just that many people living in the Moscow region work in the metropolis. And for this reason, their taxes go to the Moscow budget.

Industry is well developed in this region. In particular, metalworking and mechanical engineering. It produces rocket and space technology, nuclear and thermal power equipment, mainline diesel locomotives, electric trains, buses, carriages, excavators and much more.

Other regions and their significance

The Central Federal Region also includes the Lipetsk Region - a region located on a territory that has been inhabited since the Upper Paleolithic (40-12 thousand years ago). So scientists say. 85% of the region's territory is covered with black earth, and 300 mineral deposits have also been discovered here. The Leningrad Region is the leader in the Russian Federation in terms of reserves of carbonate raw materials.

Talking about the composition of federal districts, one cannot fail to note the Ivanovo region, which is part of the Central Federal District. After all, 32.8% of the total Russian volume of light industry products is produced on its territory (indicator No. 1).

The Oryol Region is also included in the Central Federal District. It is distinguished by its economy, which has a pronounced agrarian-industrial character.

The Tula region is also included in the Central Federal District. This is one of the most socially disadvantaged regions. Low fertility, increased mortality, a large number of accidents, poor ecology, and more than 420 thousand people (and in total there are ~ 1,500,000 citizens living in TO) are pensioners. But the food industry is well developed here. The most striking example is the Yasnaya Polyana confectionery factory, which produces gingerbreads known throughout Russia.

Features of larger areas

Few of the federal districts can boast of such a variety of territorial entities as the Central Federal District. Not all areas have been listed above.

There is also Belgorodskaya. It is special in that about 40% of the iron ore reserves of the Russian Federation are concentrated on its territory. A good ecological situation is observed in the Kaluga region. Sod-podzolic soils occupy 75.6% of its territory. 45.2% of the space is occupied by forests, and the total timber stock, therefore, is 267.7 million m³.

In the Vladimir region, the ecological situation is bad, but mechanical engineering is well developed. Due to this area, about 40% of the industrial product is created.

The Kursk and Tambov regions are also part of the Central Federal District (CFD). The main activity of the first is in the extraction and processing of ore, as well as in mechanical engineering. The industry of the Tambov region is recognized as one of the leading sectors of the regional economy.

The Bryansk region is known for its highly developed railway transport and radio electronics. And also timber processing. The Yaroslavl Region, which also largely determines the important position of the Central Federal District, is one of the most industrially developed regions. About 300 local enterprises are of national importance. In addition, this area is known for good mineral resources (thin band clays, quartz sand, peat, gravel, etc. are widespread here).

Finally

As you can see, the Central Federal District is quite solid in economic terms. The composition of the areas, as well as their features, is useful to know. But the last 5 regions have not yet been mentioned. But they are also important.

The Ryazan region, for example, is known for the fact that on its area there are 103.5 thousand hectares of the most important natural areas. And protected, respectively. In the Smolensk region, dairy and meat cattle breeding is well developed. Agricultural land occupies about 1 750 000 hectares!

Voronezh region is the absolute leader in the whole country in terms of employment. Kostromskaya is known for the presence of the largest enterprises in the Russian Federation specializing in the production of lifting and oil and gas equipment. And finally, the Tver region, the last one. Construction and trade are well developed on its territory.

What conclusion can be drawn? Unambiguous. All areas that make up the Central Federal District are special and valuable in their own way. And thanks to each of them, the Central Federal District is the most highly developed in Russia.

UDC 332.143 L.A. EFIMOVA

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev "

CENTRAL FEDERAL DISTRICT OF RUSSIA: ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC STATE AND PRIORITY AREAS OF DEVELOPMENT

The article examines the analysis of indicators characterizing the development trends of the subjects of the Central Federal District of Russia. The results of the studies carried out make it possible to substantiate the need for an active state policy to increase the welfare of the population, the development of regions and the country. The most important factors contributing to the development of the socio-economic sphere are considered. The numerical indicators of the economic state of the Central Federal District are given. It is noted that in the Okrug, in comparison with other regions of the country, the processes of the formation of an innovative economy proceed more actively. The conditions conducive to the development of agriculture are characterized. The data on the dynamics of the industry development in the Central Federal District are presented. The features typical for the agriculture of the district are listed. Analysis of the economic state of the Central Federal District made it possible to identify priority areas for the development of the regions.

Economy, Central Federal District, gross regional product, socio-economic indicators, priority areas of development.

The article considers the analysis of the indicators characterizing the development tendencies of subjects of the Central federal district of Russia. The results of the carried out investigations allow substantiate the necessity of the active governmental policy on increasing the welfare of the population, development of regions of the country. There are considered the most important factors promoting the development of the social-economic sphere. There are given numerical indicators of the economic state of the Central federal district. It is pointed out that in the district comparing with other regions of the country processes of the establishment of the innovation economy run more actively. There are characterized the conditions promoting the agriculture development. There are given the data of the branch development dynamics in the Central federal district. The analysis of the economic state of the Central federal district allowed singling out the priority directions of development of regions.

Economics, Central federal district, gross regional product, social-economic indicators, priority directions of development.

At present, in the world practice, purposeful measures of the state to regulate activities, assess trends and prospects for the development of regions have received general recognition. To analyze the economic state of individual territorial units of the country, the value of the gross regional product (GRP) is used, the share of which in the Central Federal District is almost 35% of the total Russian volume (figure).

The Central Federal District (CFD) was formed in 2000 in accordance with clause 14 of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 13, 2000 No. 849 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the

district ”, consists of 18 subjects and plays a significant role in the life of the country, is a leader in terms of the main indicators of socio-economic development.

The development of the socio-economic sphere of the Central Federal District is facilitated by the following important factors: a favorable economic and geographical position, developed infrastructure, existing production, human, scientific and technical potential. The Okrug occupies the central part of the East European Plain and unites the Central and Central Black Earth economic regions of Russia. The area of ​​the territory is 650.3 thousand km2 or 3.8% of the territory of the Russian Federation.

The structure of the gross regional product of Russia for 2012 by federal districts: 1 - Central; 2 - Northwest; 3 - South; 4 - North Caucasian; 5 - Privolzhsky; 6 - Uralsky; 7 - Siberian; 8 - Far East

In the territorial division of labor of the Central Federal District, science-intensive and labor-intensive

capacious branches of mechanical engineering, ferrous metallurgy, chemical, printing, light and food industries, production of building materials. But the limited reserves of fuel, energy and mineral resources make the development of the district's economy dependent on the supply of fuel, raw materials and components from other regions of Russia, countries of the near and far abroad.

Wholesale and retail trade accounts for 27% (the largest share) of the GRP of the Central Federal District, processing industries - 16% in the Kaluga and Tula regions, transport and communications - 10.5% in Orel and Bryansk, agriculture - up to 3% in Belgorod, Tambov and Kursk, education - 2.8% in Oryol, healthcare - 3.7% in the predominantly Ivanovo region (Table 1).

Table 1

The structure of the gross regional product of the subjects of the Central Federal District and the Russian Federation in 2012

Subjects of the Central Federal District

and I o la a

her 8 th 3 3 rd

Russian Federation Central Federal District

Belgorod Region Bryansk Region Vladimir Region Voronezh Region City Moscow Ivanovo Region Kaluga Region Kostroma Region Kursk Region Lipetsk Region Moscow Region Oryol Region Ryazan Region Smolensk Region Tambov Region Tver Region Tula Region

Yaroslavskaya oblast_

17,3 6,9 6,1 13,8 0,1

15.2 9,3 2,0 14,5 8,7 6,6

10,9 0,8 16,0 0,1 0,4 0,6 0,0 0,3 0,4 0,1 12,3 0,9 0,2 0,1 0,3 0,5 0,0 0,3 0,4 0,1

21.9 13,1 21,1 34,1 26,7

7.8 13,5 10,5 6,5 6,7

15,2 23,2 13,9 18,6

5.5 14,1 9,2 10,7 10,9

6.2 11,3 14,3 10,0 9,5

4.6 4,8 4,4 4,3 5,1 5,1 4,6

14.3 22,2 26,1 27,9

34.7 31,5 20,2 28,0

According to the Federal State Statistics Service, the share of the Central Federal District in the structure of fixed assets of the economy is 27.7%, the district produces 21.6% of the country's agricultural and 26.5% of the country's industrial products, exports of which are 39.8%, imports - 30.9% , and the volume of taxes and fees to the federal budget - 45%.

The district is the largest in Russia: 38.8 million people live in it. or 26.5% of the total population,

the population density is high and amounts to 59.7 people / km2 (the national average is 8.4 people / km2). The population is unevenly distributed over the territory of the district: in the Tula region the density is 64 people / km2, in the Kostroma region - 12 people / km2).

The Central Federal District is one of the most urbanized in Russia. The settlement structure of the district is dominated by the urban population, the proportion of which from 1990 to 2013. ranged from 64.1% in the Lipetsk region to 98.9% in Moscow, the number of rural residents

decreased by 3% and amounted to about 7 million. 49.7% of the population lives in Moscow and the Moscow region. Such significant differences are explained by natural and climatic conditions and socio-economic level of development.

The age composition of the Russian population is characterized by gender disparity. In the Central Federal District, the numerical predominance of women over men remains: there are 1179 women per 1000 men (in Ivanovo, Tula, Yaroslavl, Tver, Vladimir and Smolensk regions - 1246 women) and is 1.5% higher than the average Russian value.

The highest rates of natural population decline, more than twice the average for Russia, were noted in Tula (14.7), Ivanovskaya (13.3), Tverskaya (14.9), Smolensk (13.3), Tambovskaya and Ryazanskaya (11.5 and 12.9) oblasts, and the lowest is in Moscow (4.1 per 1000 population).

Since 2006, the birth rate has increased by 27% with a decrease in mortality by 18% as a result of the implementation of the national priority project "Health". The maximum birth rate was noted in the Belgorod, Bryansk, Moscow and Tver regions, leaving 11.1 people / 1000 people. the population, in the Yaroslavl region and Moscow - 11, the minimum in the Tula region - 9.6 and Tambov regions - 9.3.

The average age of the population exceeds the average Russian value of 40 years (for men - 36.2 years, women - 41.2 years), and is noted in Tula, Ryazan, Tambov, Voronezh, Tver-

The population growth rate is observed, which is 1.7% due to positive dynamics in Moscow with an increase of 35%, Belgorod - 11.8% and Moscow regions - 6.5%. The largest reduction was noted in Ivanovskaya (20.8%), Tver (20.7%) and Tambov (19.1%) regions due to natural population decline (Table 2). In 2012, the natural loss rate in these territories was 2.5 thousand people / 1000 people. ... Negative indicators of natural increase are noted in all subjects of the Central Federal District.

regions and the city of Moscow. The structure of the middle-aged population is dominated by women (68.7%).

Life expectancy at birth in the district rose to 71.5 years. There is a more favorable dynamics among the male population with a decrease in mortality at the working age. The highest mortality rates were noted in the following regions: Tver - 20, Tula - 19.5, Smolensk - 19.2, Ivanovo - 18.6 and Vladimir - 18.4 people / 1000 people. population. The lowest mortality was observed in Moscow - 11.4 and Belgorod region - 14.5 / 1000 people. population.

The natural decline was partially offset by the migration inflow of residents from other constituent entities of the Russian Federation, countries of the near and far abroad. But the difficult demographic situation among the regions of the Central Federal District remains in the Tula region with a coefficient

table 2

Dynamics of fertility, mortality and life expectancy in the Central

federal district

Population,

Fertility (number of births per 1000 population)

Mortality (deaths per 1000 population)

Natural population decline per 1000 people. population

Life expectancy at birth, years_

2010 2011 2012 2013

38115.3 38188,5 38233,7 38283,7 38311,2 38227,7 38175,1

37946.8 37773,5 37545,8

11,2 7,9 7,7 7,3 7,5 7,2 7,7 8,0 8,5

17.0 17,5 18,0 18,5

15.2 14,0 13,9 13,7

8.3 9,8 9,8 10,0 10,0 9,2

population reproduction equal to 0.592.

The basis for the formation of the labor resources of the region is the able-bodied population, the number of which in 1990-2009. tended to increase (most intensively in 1997-2003). In 2013, the number of able-bodied residents amounted to almost 25 million people. with a predominance of the older population (> 45 years old) and younger working age (18 ... 28 years old).

The demographic situation was reflected in the size of the economically active population. In 2013, the economically active population of the Central CFD amounted to almost 20 million people, having decreased in dynamics by almost 5%, including those employed in the economy - 19.0 million people. (employment rate - 67.9%). Statistics show that over 1.3 million people are employed in agricultural production.

Under the influence of the financial and economic crisis, the unemployment rate increased by 8.6 percentage points and amounted to 3% of the economically active population of the Okrug. The highest value of the unemployment rate was registered in the Oryol, Bryansk, Voronezh, Ryazan and Yaroslavl regions, the lowest - in the Moscow region and Lipetsk region.

In the Okrug, in comparison with other regions of the country, the processes of the formation of an innovative economy are proceeding more actively. This is evidenced by the structural changes in employment, characterized by an outflow of labor from manufacturing industries to industries associated with the development of trade and services.

Favorable natural and climatic conditions of the Okrug contribute to the development of agriculture. The maximum share of the sown area is grain crops, the cultivation of which is occupied by 40.5 thousand peasant (farmer) farms and individual entrepreneurs and 7.9 thousand agricultural organizations of the Central Federal District. In terms of gross grain harvest, the district ranks third in Russia (after the Southern and Volga regions).

The Federal District specializes in the production of vegetables and potato growing. The main crops of wheat are in the black earth Oryol, Tula, Ryazan, Lipetsk, Belgorod, Voronezh and Tambov regions. These regions also account for the bulk of cereal crops: millet is grown in the arid regions of the southeast,

western ones with a sufficient amount of incoming moisture - buckwheat. Of the industrial crops, the most important is the production of flax in the Tver, Smolensk, Yaroslavl and sugar beets in the Kursk, Belgorod and Lipetsk regions.

Sunflower crops are most common in drought-resistant areas of the Voronezh and Tambov regions. Horticulture is developed in the Central Black Earth Region (most of all in the Lipetsk and Tambov Regions). The district accounts for 68% of the country's gross flax harvest, 52.6% of sugar beets, 33% of potatoes, 22% of grain, 16.3% of sunflower seeds and more than 30% of vegetables. The need for vegetable oil, sugar and potatoes is fully satisfied.

Livestock breeding is represented by dairy and beef cattle breeding, pig breeding and poultry farming. The district produces 18.3% of milk from the total milk yield in Russia, and 16.5% of the production of cattle for slaughter in live weight, 21% of eggs, over 25% of meat production. Among the main food products of its own production, taking into account medical consumption standards, the Central Federal District is provided with meat and meat products by 36%, milk and dairy products - by 43%, eggs - by 72%, bread products - by 52%, vegetables - by 77%.

Analysis of the dynamics of agricultural development in the Central Federal District showed that the southern regions (Belgorod, Voronezh, Lipetsk, Kursk and Tambov) make the greatest contribution to ensuring the country's food security. Moscow, Vladimir and Yaroslavl regions, despite less favorable climatic conditions, have a significant share in the structure of agricultural production in the district (13.8%, 4.4%, 3.7%, respectively). About 60% of consumed meat and meat products, 27% of milk and dairy products, 16% of eggs are imported from other constituent entities of the Russian Federation and abroad.

The district's agriculture is characterized by the following features: discrepancy between the capacities of processing agricultural raw materials and the volume of agricultural production; low level of technical equipment of processing enterprises; insufficient level of infrastructure development in the countryside. These features were reflected in the size of wages and incomes of the population in the regions of the Central Federal District (Table 3).

Table 3

Dynamics of indicators characterizing the development of regions of the Central Federal District of Russia

Regions Area, thousand km2 Average annual population, thousand people Average annual number of people employed in the economy, thousand people Average per capita cash income, rubles Average monthly accrued wages of employees, rubles Gross regional product per capita, thousand rubles

2003 2008 2012 2003 2008 2012 2003 2008 2012 2003 2008 2012 2003 2008 2012

Russia 17099 144648.6 142742.4 143201.7 65979.2 68473.6 67968.3 5167.0 14864.0 23058.0 5498.5 17290.1 ​​26628.9 74.9 239.0 316.6

Central Federal District 652.7 37955.9 38236.7 38608.3 18056.8 19016.9 18814.1 7189.0 18590.0 29721.0 5872.8 20665.7 32466.0 94.5 341.3 420.1

Belgorod Region 27.1 1512.9 1523.2 1538.5 668.3 679.9 700.1 3357.0 12749.0 21563.0 4468.6 13508.5 20002.1 50.3 208.7 333.5

Bryansk Region 34.9 1367.6 1298.8 1259.1 602.3 608.2 559.6 3136.0 10083.0 17422.0 3316.0 10220.1 16530.0 31.9 96.5 141.7

Vladimir region 29.0 1514.8 1462.4 1426.9 714.2 705.1 698.6 2837.0 9480.0 16136.0 4024.6 12126.1 18343.4 40.9 121.4 178.5

Voronezh Region 52.4 2370.9 2341.7 2330.9 1065.9 1064.7 1057.9 3381.0 10587.0 18885.0 3549.1 11490.2 19538.1 42.3 126.2 191.6

Moscow 2.5 10461.3 11234.2 11918.1 5999.3 6593.2 6567.7 16711.0 31940.0 48622.0 8611.6 30552.1 50628.2 210, 786.4 865.6

Ivanovo Region 23.9 1137.8 1077.7 1051.5 476.1 496.5 492.1 2292.0 8343.0 15930.0 3254.6 10208.8 16998.1 29.2 80.8 120.3

Kaluga Region 29.9 1035.1 1016.7 1006.9 480.0 481.6 489.6 3335.0 11612.0 20621.0 4489.3 14085.2 23709.6 47.2 149.8 232.3

Kostroma Region 60.1 728.8 680.6 660.3 325.2 324.1 310.5 3094.0 9608.0 15808.0 3869.3 11456.9 16895.5 40.7 116.7 167.8

Kursk Region 29.8 1222.2 1147.6 1120.4 591.6 591.9 580.0 3373.0 11524.0 18808.0 3973.7 11437.4 18690.0 46.1 144.8 207.7

Lipetsk Region 24.1 1208.2 1184.3 1164.1 556.4 546.1 543.8 3557.0 12085.0 19777.0 4394.8 13372.4 19416.6 79.8 222.6 244.5

Moscow Region 44.4 6644.1 6926.7 7001.6 2582.8 2946.9 2933.9 4409.0 19047.0 29699.0 6071.2 21502.8 32302.5 62.3 245.9 313.6

Oryol Region 24.7 852.7 802.0 778.5 411.9 407.5 393.3 3231.0 10027.0 16762.0 3563.5 11152.2 16888.0 49.3 117.9 167.1

Ryazan Region 39.6 1217.0 1171.1 1146.5 532.7 513.9 501.9 3306.0 11215.0 17664.0 4028.1 12686.3 19098.4 49.0 129.3 182.9

Smolensk Region 49.8 1042.5 1004.9 977.8 480.2 481.7 490.8 3712.0 11222.0 18250.0 4173.3 12050.7 17941.6 47.2 124.2 186.6

Tambov Region 34.3 1168.1 1112.1 1079.2 502.2 507.1 507.0 3412.0 11145.0 17470.0 3303.6 10295.7 16866.3 40.2 109.7 167.8

Tver Region 84.1 1456.7 1381.2 1338.2 630.6 612.0 580.9 3016.0 10803.0 17247.0 4267.9 13064.7 20246.1 47.3 139.9 188.5

Tula Region 25.7 1659.5 1582.2 1538.5 770.7 785.1 766.3 3378.0 11227.0 19291.0 4205.5 12994.1 20121.3 43.6 148.5 176.1

Yaroslavl Region 36.4 1355.7 1289.3 1271.3 666.3 671.3 639.9 4273.0 12816.0 18513.0 4952.1 13802.9 20397.0 67.8 163.7 224.3

Analysis of the economic state of the Central Federal District made it possible to identify the following priority areas of development:

industrial development through reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing facilities;

pursuing a rational demographic policy, since an increase in the living standards of the population of the country and the district will increase the birth rate in the region and the level of human capital development;

meeting the needs of the population in high-quality domestic food products, sustainable development of rural areas, increasing employment and living standards in rural areas;

improving the quality of vocational education, taking into account the needs of the economy and the labor market;

consistent implementation of a unified state policy in the field of health care as a result of the implementation of measures to reduce morbidity and increase the life expectancy of the population;

creation of a single cultural space of the district by ensuring equal access to cultural values ​​of the population of different territories and different ethnic groups;

expanding the participation of Russian science in priority areas of scientific research;

development of physical culture and sports;

creating the conditions necessary for the formation and development of a young person as a person;

improving the quality of professional staff and the quality of life through the modernization and development of the social sphere;

development of the housing sector and housing and communal services by providing state support to citizens living and working in rural areas;

introduction of innovative technologies

gii in the spheres of industry, energy, transport and agro-industrial complex;

state financial support for agricultural producers and processing industries of the agro-industrial complex.

strengthening its own raw material base, creating a state system of information and consulting services for manufacturers;

improving the system of financial relations between the state and agricultural producers when creating a credit fund on preferential terms, and in agricultural areas - financial and industrial groups of the agricultural sector;

financing of agricultural

non-governmental organizations with the direction of allocated funds for the implementation of effective programs for the development of the agro-industrial complex;

attraction of investments for the development of the most promising areas of the economy.

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The article was received on 12.01.15. Efimova Larisa Aleksandrovna, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Accounting E-mail: [email protected]