How to dig a toilet in the country. Country toilet with a cesspool with your own hands

Equipping a toilet in the country with your own hands is not the most difficult task. For each structure, it is necessary to select the appropriate materials, taking into account their durability. This article presents step-by-step instruction for the competent construction of a country toilet.

Peculiarities

First you need to choose which type of toilet will belong to. Depending on the internal arrangement, the country toilet can be with cesspool or without it. The decisive role in the choice is played by the level groundwater... If its mark reaches 3.5 m, then it is necessary to stop at the option without cesspool... Otherwise, waste products will fill the space around the house.

The pit construction is inappropriate on the ground with natural cracks. If the village house is located on a site with a predominance of shale rocks, then the cesspool should also be abandoned. The lower the groundwater level, the wider the choice of a successful option for arranging a toilet for a summer residence. Any type of structure can be placed on soil with increased crack resistance.

In depth, the cesspool should reach the level high waters and be one meter lower. When calculating, it is necessary to take into account the elevation of water rise during the period of active ice melting. Masters advise to take the spring groundwater level as a basis. The depth of the well is directly proportional to the frequency of toilet use and the number of occupants. So, for a family of three permanently living in a house, a cesspool is arranged with a volume of 1.5 cubic meters. m.

The well can be of any shape, but it is better to give preference to a square or round design. It will be much easier to dig such a hole. The walls are faced with rubble, brick or wood. Log masonry must be treated with resin to protect the material from decay. The bottom is sometimes lined with concrete rings. In this case, it is important to process the joint between the wall and the floor.

To increase the tightness of the masonry, before laying the final coating, the walls are treated with tamped clay. The thickness of such an insulator can vary from 20 to 30 cm. After laying the cladding, the craftsmen recommend impregnating the masonry with bitumen mastic. Resins will protect the coating from soil moisture and prevent premature soil shedding.

Country toilet it is impossible to arrange with a cesspool without ventilation. A pipe with a diameter of 100 mm or more is buried at one end into a well. The second end is built into the roof and rises 50-70 cm above its surface. A ventilation window can be provided in the house itself. It is customary to place it on a side wall or mount it above the door.

A cesspool should be located within easy reach of the road. After the tank is more than two-thirds full, its contents are pumped out and taken out on a special machine. Access to the toilet should be unimpeded.

A cesspool can be organized in two ways. The first is the usual one, the installation of a structure under the house. The second is a backlash closet. A well of the second type is dug out at some distance from the building. This option is considered the best for arranging a private country house: it is much easier to take out sewage.

The backlash closet is equipped with a complete ventilation and flush system. Communications are lowered below the level of freezing of soils, and the cesspool is deepened even more. The slope of the sewage pipe should reach 2-3 centimeters per meter of length. This option requires a serious investment of money and is not suitable for everyone. Craftsmen advise to arrange a backlash closet only if the country house is a full-fledged housing.

The option without a cesspool is considered the simplest and cheapest. An airtight container is arranged under the toilet seat. The main advantage of these toilets is the lack of land and construction work. In this case, there is no need to hire a sewer truck for waste removal. There is no need to locate the toilet in the immediate vicinity of the road. Sewage can be used as fertilizer.

Among the disadvantages of such toilets are the need for frequent changes in working capacity and the purchase of materials to eliminate odor. Cleansers are used after each use of the toilet. It is important to know that quality factory toilets are not cheap. Saving on installation leads to an increase in the purchase cost of the device.

Views

Among all types of toilet organization, the easiest way is the option with a cesspool. It can be located both in a private house and away from the main building in a small house. A flush toilet should not be installed near water bodies or near neighboring houses. The source for collecting water into the sewer system of the house should not be adjacent to the waste collection pit.

The cesspool is usually cleaned after two-thirds of it is filled with a cesspool machine. If it is not possible to hire such a technique, then the well can be covered with gravel, and the pit can be moved. The villagers make a pit in a new place every two to three years. Four years is enough for the complete restoration of the soil.

Masters advise to line the depression in the ground with drainage. Installing a gravel pad is optional, but placing it will help increase the time between pit cleanings. The stone mixture is often replaced with a concrete screed, and the walls are laid out with bricks. It is important to properly handle all the joints between the elements. The duration of the operation of the pit depends on the quality of the selected antiseptic.

When constructing a cesspool, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the geology of the site. Knowing the level of rise of groundwater is the key point for choosing a given toilet design. It is important to maintain a sufficient distance to the reservoir: soil water should not interact with waste. Failure to comply with this rule may cause contamination of forage crops. The ingress of bacteria into drinking water is fraught with poisoning of residents.

The backlash closet in its characteristics practically does not differ from the traditional cesspool. The key point is the location of the hatch - it should be in the yard. Such a device is great for organizing a toilet in wooden house... A backlash closet is also not the most environmentally friendly option for a toilet.

The next device is a septic tank. Masters distinguish two types: accumulative and with cleaning. The first option resembles a cesspool in terms of the method of waste collection, but differs in tightness and environmental safety. Devices with cleaning can be defended and reset. Cleaning up to 90% is carried out under the influence of chemical compounds.

A septic tank can collect dirt from more than just the toilet. The system is also supplied with pipes for collecting industrial water and sewage waste. Communications from the bathhouse and at home can be connected in a septic tank. The device also works great in isolation from the central communications system.

The main advantage of a septic tank is its tightness. The design excludes interaction with the soil. This option is suitable for those who care about the purity of the water on the territory of the house. The device is easy to clean, so there is no need to carry the tank. The septic tank almost completely eliminates the smell of waste.

Among the disadvantages of this design is the high cost. Accumulative septic tanks need to be emptied, electrical counterparts require a connection to the building's electrical system. You should not install a septic tank if you are not sure of its competent connection to the central communications of the house.

Powder closet has a low cost. It is even more profitable to arrange it than to lay a cesspool. On summer cottage a small house is installed, a toilet seat is arranged in it. A removable tank is located under the ceramic product. After filling this reservoir, it must be taken out and cleaned. The powder closet is easy to use and is suitable for arranging a toilet both at a distance from home and in the building itself.

The disadvantage of this system is that there is no way to eliminate the unpleasant odor. The device is not very large and therefore needs to be emptied frequently. It is important to equip a special pit for draining waste on the site. The criteria for the pit correspond to the requirements for the construction of a cesspool.

Liquid chemical dry closet works on following principle: with the help of certain compounds, the waste in the tank is processed into a homogeneous mixture. The resulting substance does not have a specific odor. On modern market liquid toilets based on ammonium and formaldehyde are available.

Ammonia products are harmless. The mass obtained during processing with their help is odorless and can become a source of water contamination. The substance can be discharged into a compost well. The ammonium formulation can also be poured into a sump. The fluid will help reduce the filling rate of the reservoir and eliminate pungent odors. The ammonium concentrate can be used for a long period of time, but it must be added every 4-7 days.

Formaldehyde composition is highly effective. One liter of such a product will be enough to maintain a twenty-liter portable toilet for 3-4 months. Formaldehyde can harm soil and plants. This compound is banned in some countries, so experts do not recommend its use in portable toilets. It is strictly forbidden to pour formaldehyde waste into the soil and water body.

The Finnish peat toilet is the most common type of dry closet. Utilization of sewage is carried out by adding dry matter: peat or sawdust. The free-flowing substance must have good hygroscopicity. Peat is harmless and able to eliminate unpleasant odors.

The dry substance is poured into a special reservoir in layers. After each use of the toilet, the next portion is poured into the pit. The mixture of peat and waste forms compost, which can be used as organic fertilizer. The portable reservoir is easy to carry. The cost price of such a device is relatively low, which allowed the Finnish toilet to take a leading position among analogues.

The disadvantage of a peat toilet is the need for frequent emptying of the tank during daily use. Also, dry matter is unable to recycle plain paper. In order for the waste to turn into a single mass suitable for fertilizing the soil, it is necessary to use special biodegradable paper.

The biological liquid toilet works in a similar way to the Finnish device. The decomposition of waste occurs under the action of microorganisms, which are released in the form of a mixture or tablets. The bacteria can also be used to clean the cesspool. The recycled mass is absolutely harmless, therefore, it does not need a special organization of a place for collecting waste.

Microorganisms are expensive, but they ensure the complete preservation of the ecology of the site. They can be used as fertilizer, for cleaning pipelines and drains. Due to their properties, microorganisms are able to eliminate unpleasant odors.

An electric dry closet works according to a complex scheme. First, there is a separation of the liquid phase from the solid. The second is cleaned and drained, and the first is processed into powder. The resulting dry raw material can be used as fertilizer. Such a system, like underfloor heating, must be connected to a central heating system. It is also necessary to connect the system with ventilation and drain.

The strong point of this system is the lack of the need for frequent emptying of the tank. All accessories are already included in the kit, so there is no need to worry about purchasing additional materials. Biological toilets are not required in this system. The main disadvantage of an electric toilet is its dependence on a central power source and its high cost.

Materials (edit)

The ground parts of the toilet, separate from the building, are arranged in the form of a tent house. In order to erect such a structure, it is necessary to purchase boards, sheets of a metal profile for mounting the roof and exterior decoration of the house. Slate sheets will help strengthen the roof and protect the structure from rain. It is better to lay the base of the house out of bricks or concrete slabs.

Many builders prefer to use wood materials. Planks are easy to saw, and the creation of a plank structure does not require special building skills. It is important to understand that without preliminary treatment with hygroscopic material, the wood will quickly deteriorate, and the frame will not withstand the load. Wood is also fire hazardous, so do not place this material next to combustible structures.

To create a cesspool, you need to decide whether the well requires lining. The most popular option for such a system is to create a reservoir from concrete rings. This design can last for about 100 years. Concrete mix quite cheap, but requires the use of special equipment. The cast rings are lowered into the pit one by one, the joints are coated with cement.

The base must be poured with concrete, or a round structure must be made in advance and immersed in a dug well. The bottom is pre-filled with a small layer of sand or fine gravel. These materials play the role of drainage - they divert groundwater from the surface of the well. Concrete rings can be cast with special recesses - grooves. With the help of such "locks" the rings are connected. If grooves are not provided, then the structure is fastened with metal rings.

works on the principle of a cesspool. However, it is much easier to install a plastic reservoir. Polymers are impervious to liquids and temperature extremes. In this case, the dimensions of the pit should exceed the dimensions of the plastic container. Before laying the tank, the bottom must be concreted. A welded metal frame with protruding hinges is placed in the cement screed.

The plastic vessel is attached to the protruding ropes of the reinforcement. A similar design is necessary to keep the tank in the pit. Groundwater can lift light containers and push them to the surface. The gaps between the plastic must be covered with a layer of sand and cement. Before filling, the container is filled with water to protect it from deformation due to the expansion of the cement with sand.

Arrangement

The main element of the toilet in the country is the toilet. The most common version of this plumbing fixture is plastic. The seat with a cover and the frame of this device are made of polymer. A tank is not provided for such systems, since there is no connection to the sewage system. The toilet seat does not need to be purchased separately - the construction is monolithic.

Plastic systems are available in all colors and shapes. This design has an attractive appearance and a fairly simple design. Polymers are characterized by increased strength and resistance to temperature extremes. Such a toilet is lightweight, therefore it does not exert increased pressure on the foundation of the structure. A pleasant advantage is the ease of cleaning and operation.

The ceramic toilet is easy to clean. However, in a suburban area, this model can cause certain difficulties. Installation of ceramics requires additional reinforcement of the floor of the room. Products for summer cottages do not have a cistern, but the structure still has a large mass. The advantage of this system is its durability.

A wooden appliance is short-lived. Such structures are installed exclusively outside the house: a wooden box can be arranged independently. In such a device, ventilation is not provided; in the toilet itself, it is placed above the cesspool. It is possible to equip such a toilet with a minimum investment, but appearance such a product will be simple.

Dry closets are most often made from polymers. The system consists of several blocks that need to be assembled. This process does not take long. The toilet is comfortable, it is a monolithic structure together with a toilet seat. The design is quite simple and does not differ in special delights, such as a thermal seat. The toilet is convenient not only to use, but also to clean.

The purchase of the arrangement must be carried out taking into account some requirements.

• If the country house is not a permanent place of residence of the family, then it is rational to purchase a toilet bowl with a low cost price. The design must be easy to use and resistant to time. Plastic toilets are perfect.
• Installing a flush device and connecting the toilet to the central sewer is costly and time-consuming. This option is only necessary in case of constant use of the bathroom.
• Installation should not take much time and effort. It is better to make a choice in favor of ready-made structures, the repair of which does not require capital works for the refurbishment of the premises.

• The connection of the waste disposal pipe to the toilet bowl must be airtight. Craftsmen advise using a cone-shaped tube. It is important to avoid waste getting past the receiving tank. It is necessary to make sure that all elements of the system are clearly interfaced.
• Ventilation helps to eliminate unpleasant odors from the room. The device of this system should not be neglected. Plastic products can be used as an air duct. Due to their structure, they are lightweight and easy to install. PVC sewer pads with a diameter of about 110 mm will be a good analogue.

Accommodation options

You can place a bathroom anywhere in the building, but only if it does not contradict sanitary and hygienic standards. One of the walls of the restroom must be load-bearing. It is forbidden to install a bathroom in a room without outer wall... Ventilation in such rooms is easier to install and more cost effective.

The toilet should not border on the areas for eating and preparing food. Often not all types of toilets are capable of absorbing all unpleasant odors. Chemical waste during decomposition can release substances that should not interact with food. The most advantageous location of the bathroom in a country house is not far from the dressing room or under the stairs.

When installing a bathroom under the stairs, it is important to determine if there is enough space to accommodate all the necessary appliances. Ventilation must be carried out through the stairs. In some cases, sewer and water pipes are connected to the toilet. The floors are pre-treated with agents to protect against bacteria and excess moisture.

Craftsmen advise to completely cover the entire space under the stairs with boards - to create a special room. This will not only visually isolate the bathroom, but will also protect the apartment from the spread of odors. It is advisable to additionally strengthen the floor under the structure with damping devices: over time, the floor may begin to collapse. To ensure good air circulation, a small gap is left at the joints of the floorboards with the wall.

Craftsmen do not recommend installing a toilet on the second floor. The bathroom should not be adjacent to sources of drinking water. Such a device will not allow the structure to be connected to a cesspool. When installing a dry closet, a sufficient distance from the edge of the seat to the floor is required. It will be problematic to get the required height on the second floor - you cannot make a depression in the floor.

When building a toilet in a summer cottage outside the house, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the wind rose. Unpleasant odors should not reach the residential building, therefore, it is necessary to draw up a map of the area before developing a well for waste disposal. This also applies to the arrangement of a cesspool for servicing dry closets located in the house. The placement of neighboring houses should also influence the drawing up of the plan.

Dimensions (edit)

The size of the cesspool may vary depending on the frequency of use of the toilet and the number of residents. The average size of a pit for servicing a family of two is 1.5 by 1.2 m. The deepening is increased by thirty percent with each new resident being added. The larger the pit, the less often you will have to hire a technician to empty it. But it is also important to consider the negative impact that waste can have on the environment.

If the cesspool combines the sewerage from the house, then it is necessary to increase its size. Ideally, you can calculate the water consumption for each family member and design a well based on the data obtained. On average, a hole is dug 12 cubic meters. m and increase to 18 cubic meters. m. This stock allows you to use the bathroom without interruption for a month.

The tightness of the well is provided by a concrete screed with a thickness of about 15 cm. The soil on the site can have good absorbent properties. In this case, the reservoir is covered with a drainage layer. The thickness of such a pillow should not be less than 15 cm, as is the case with the screed. Top of the gravel is poured with bituminous mastic.

To build a toilet with a separate tent, you must familiarize yourself with the accepted dimensions. Drawings can be made by yourself or you can download ready-made ones. The normalized width of the house is 1 m. The depth of the room should reach 1.5 m, and the ceiling height - 2-2.5 m. The allowance for the cover of a standard "birdhouse" is taken equal to 30 cm relative to the walls. This technique will help moisture from the roof not to penetrate the walls and not destroy them.

The ventilation pipe is bolted to the back wall of the toilet. The thickness of the plastic is assumed to be 100 mm. The lower part of the pipe plunges into the pit to a depth of 10 cm, and the top should rise 20 cm above the roof level. These parameters can be slightly changed, but you should not neglect the structure completely.

The dimensions of the toilet under the stairs also play an important role. Minimum size bathroom premises - 0.8x1.2 m.If a sink is provided in the room, then the width is doubled, and the length is taken to be 2.2 m.If the toilet is combined with a bathroom, then the dimensions of the room cannot be less than 2.2x2.2 m. The ceiling height should not be lower than 2.5 m. It is important to maintain a distance of 0.6 m in front of the toilet.

Masters recommend that you provide an approach to the toilet from all sides. But this advice is often not followed. The door from the bathroom should go out into the corridor. It is forbidden to connect the toilet with the living room or with the kitchen area. According to the rules fire safety doors must open outward. This is a mandatory item to ensure correct evacuation.

How to do it?

You can do it yourself to build a toilet house. The project is quite simple - you can find the necessary design solution on the Internet.

Consider the stages of building an outdoor toilet step by step.

• The type of foundation is chosen based on the characteristics of the soil. The most common type of base for a house is columnar. A monolithic structure made of concrete blocks is also suitable. Before laying the floor, it is necessary to cover the piles with a layer of roofing material.
• The floor of the house is made of wooden planks. Before using wood, it is necessary to treat the material with antiseptic agents. The width of the floor panels is chosen about 15x15 or 10x10 cm.

• The structure of the house itself is first made in the form of a frame. The pre-assembled structure must be bolted to the base and secured with metal plates. Next, the box is sheathed with wooden sheets, forming the walls of the house.
• A toilet is mounted to the far wall and all the necessary communications are laid out. The cesspool is dug in advance, the pipe from it is connected to the device. It is important not to forget about the ventilation device. Private toilets are not combined with sewerage, this allows to reduce construction works.
• The role of the roof is played by slate and roofing material. It is permissible to use a profiled sheet.
• Lighting devices are installed if necessary.

Toilets inside summer cottages are often connected to the sewerage system. Such a system can be gravity: pipes are laid at a slope, water is drained into a cesspool. The slope of the pipe is two cm for each meter of communication. Another option is pressure sewerage. In this case, the movement of water is carried out under pressure from a special pump. This method is applicable for houses where the device of a gravity structure is impossible for some reason.

When choosing a material for pipes, it is advisable to give preference to polypropylene. This material is highly durable and able to withstand high temperatures. The pipe does not deform when heated to 95 degrees. Installation of such a structure is quite simple. It is important to ensure that the pipes are sealed.

Sewer sections are fixed with fittings, the joints are treated with a sealant. Pipes are attached to the wall using clips. For this purpose, you can use clamps with hairpins. To implement a hermetic connection of a cast-iron pipe with a plastic one, it is necessary to lay a rubber gasket.

The pipes are taken out and immersed in a trench. Sewerage can not be placed above the level of soil freezing. At the junction of the internal and external sewerage systems, an inspection hatch must be installed. A check valve is placed in the pipe cavity. Such measures are necessary to prevent backflow of waste water in case of filling the pit with waste.

After laying the sewerage, the masters install the toilet. At this stage, work on the toilet is completed. Ensure that the surface is smooth before mounting the device. To install the toilet, you must first mark the floor and the size of the hole. A rubber sleeve must be inserted between the bowl and the floor. The device is fixed with bolts, and the joints are treated with silicone.

Before installing all elements, it is necessary to install waterproofing on the floor. In cases where restrooms are located on each of the floors, it is necessary to mount the devices one under the other. The distance from the toilet bowl to the riser should be minimal. Failure to do so may result in pipe clogging.

In order to equip a bathroom with maximum benefit for visitors, shelves are placed on the walls. If the dimensions of the restroom allow, then a headset can be placed in the room. You can equip a utility block for storing mops and buckets. For these purposes, there is no need to allocate additional room- it is enough to install a small cabinet in the corner of the toilet.

Drawings and diagrams

For the rational placement of the toilet on the territory of the dacha, it is necessary to draw up a drawing of the future structure. This method will save materials. Schemes of the future structure can be found on the Internet or drawn up with your own hands. When drawing, it is necessary to do this on a scale, otherwise the final design may differ greatly from the idea.

The development of the scheme begins with measuring the area of ​​the site and drawing on the plan of all existing communications. Be sure to put adjacent buildings and reservoirs on the diagram. It is important to plan your piping in accordance with the regulations for the placement of a waste pit. Experts advise to pre-compose a wind rose.

A drawing of a wooden outdoor toilet will help to calculate the cost of all the necessary materials. Drawing up a drawing of a house begins with modeling the frame. The dimensions of all elements are indicated and the total number of materials is recorded. Do not forget about the pattern for cutting the cladding. The parameters of the front, back and side surfaces of the future structure are indicated.

The front of the tent should be larger than the back wall. it necessary condition to ensure the desired slope of the building. The front and back walls of a typical structure are rectangular, the side faces are trapezoidal. The plan indicates the dimensions of the roofing sheet for the construction of the roof. If a wooden sheet will be located under the slate, its linear dimensions must be fixed.

Instructions for drawing up a drawing for a toilet in country house practically does not differ from a similar scheme for arranging a bathroom in an apartment. All dimensions and required dimensions are taken from the relevant regulatory documents. It is necessary to mark the place where the toilet bowl is supplied to the cesspool pipe. Installation of a dry closet does not require such actions. The device is pre-assembled and installed against the far wall of the room.

The selected area must be well ventilated. Doors should face the corridor. When drawing up a drawing of a room, it is important to correctly position all the necessary devices: toilet, sink or bathroom. All instruments must be approached unhindered. It is important to correctly position the ventilation and remove the sewage system from the room.

The layout of the bathroom is carried out not in order to assess the amount of necessary materials, but for the competent distribution of space. Only after the location of the main devices has been indicated, the arrangement of cabinets and racks begins. Do not clutter up the space too much.

It is important to remember that before installing the ceramic toilet, it is necessary to strengthen the base. Waterproofing wooden floors in the country is required regardless of the location of the bathroom. Walls wooden house it is also necessary to treat it with paint and varnish material or bitumen to keep the surface from excessive moisture. Knowing the dimensions of the room, you can calculate the total consumption of materials and fix it on the diagram.

Without a cesspool

If you want to install a toilet without an odor and pumping out, the masters are advised to give preference to options without a compost pit. Among these options, the most famous are septic tanks, dry closets and powder closets. Dry closets are located regardless of the surface. This option will be a good solution for a site with an elevated groundwater level. In this case, it is forbidden to arrange a cesspool - waste can contaminate the soil throughout the entire area.

To install a dry closet, you can select a room in the house or build a wooden structure in the distance. The first variant of the device is preferable, as it saves on time and materials. In this case, the laying of the pipeline is not done. A washbasin can be connected to the waste collection container. The emptying of such a system is performed by removing the storage tank and draining the waste to the designated place.

The main sewerage system must not be connected to the dry closet. These reservoirs are intended for temporary use. A system with a capital toilet and a drain requires a cesspool. Sealed accumulators are able to accommodate a small amount of liquid, so they will not be able to ensure waste disposal in year-round homes.

Toilets without a cesspool, thanks to their ease of use, avoid various emergencies. The tightness of the container excludes the possibility of interaction of the contents with groundwater. It is important to know that there should be a distance of 25 m from the cesspool to the source of water intake. The distance from the toilet to the fence should not be less than 1 m.

Another analogue of an odorless and pumping toilet device is a septic tank. Such a device is capable of processing sewage over a long service life, which makes a septic tank an ideal option for a bathroom with year-round use. The design can be purchased, but there are also schemes for creating a septic tank with your own hands.

Sealed chambers can be made from concrete, plastic or metal containers. The main construction principle of such a structure is the vacuum of the tanks. The manufacture of a sealed chamber is quite simple and has been described earlier. It is necessary to select containers with strong walls that will not deform under the pressure of groundwater and soil.

A standard suburban septic tank for serving a family of two has two or more chambers. Each new tank serves for additional purification of the water entering it. So, in the first compartment, the waste is separated into a solid and a liquid phase. The liquid flows into an adjacent container, where it is purified again. In subsequent chambers, the cycle is repeated.

After passing through all stages of filtration, water enters the ground. Such a liquid does not pose a threat of soil contamination. Experts advise purchasing septic tanks with a biological purifier. Such a system is the most environmentally friendly for use in summer cottages.

Purification system

Septic tanks are a simplified way of treating sewage water. Sophisticated systems include additional compartments for water filtration. These structures can be installed in summer cottages in order to increase the safety of the territory. The complete set of filtration systems is complicated and costs more than a simple septic tank. However, experts recommend paying attention to them.

• Ultrafiltration. This method completely disinfects the water. A significant advantage the system is reusable. The cleaning does not use chemicals, the resulting water can be used for domestic purposes.

• Ion exchange reagents, allow you to speed up the process of cleaning the liquid. The water hardness increases. It is not recommended to consume such water for food purposes.
• Electrochemical cleaning. The impurities are settled under the influence of special radiation. A layer of metallic impurities forms at the bottom of the tank. Chemicals removes heavy elements from water.
• Membrane osmosis. This complex design is recognized as the best treatment system. The reverse membrane traps waste and converts contaminated water into distilled water. The complex structure of the shell allows you to cleanse the liquid from harmful chemical impurities.

All purification systems are expensive to purchase and install. The main advantage of the structures is the complete elimination of unpleasant odors throughout the suburban area. Wastewater treatment plant allow to reduce the frequency of pumping out the contents from the sump.

Any system needs timely cleaning. If waste is not removed from the cesspool in time, the process of reproduction of harmful bacteria will negatively affect the condition of the soil. Waste stagnation produces toxic gases that can be harmful to health. The more gas masses accumulate, the more difficult it is to remove them. In especially advanced cases, it is not possible to pump out harmful vapors.

Pit treatment and waste disposal can be done in a variety of ways. The easiest and most proven is to call the sewer truck. The contaminated fluid is pumped out using hoses. This service is expensive, and it is used only when the well is filled to two-thirds of its volume, and biological products are not able to process sewage. The machines are equipped with cutting mechanisms that grind the solid sediment.

Chemical cleaning is effective but not desirable. Fast-acting reagents work even at low temperatures. But not every such composition is environmentally friendly. It is strictly forbidden to pour the processed substance into the soil, therefore, it becomes necessary to call a pumping machine. When choosing chemicals, you can pay attention to nitrate oxidants - their composition is the least harmful.

Biological products differ from chemical analogues in their safety of use. Cleaning with these compounds has been widely used by the owners of summer cottages. Microorganisms do not work well at low temperatures, so they are used mainly in the summer. Bacteria die on contact with acid and alkali, and do not tolerate chlorine. For these reasons, it is better not to put biological additives in the soil.

Mechanical cleaning of a pit is a traditional way of removing impurities. This work is carried out at least once a year, the procedure is very unpleasant. Such cleaning saves money, but it is time-consuming and labor intensive. If the waste turns out to be too liquid, then it is mixed with dry matter. Sawdust and sand are excellent backfills.

When choosing biological cleansers, it is important to correctly calculate the dose. The number of beneficial bacteria must be sufficient to restore the microflora in the reservoir. Biological additives are distinguished by the speed of the cleansing process, the speed of action and the ability to eliminate odors. Before using the drug, you must read the reviews on the material.

The composition of biological products sets the conditions for its use. Aerobic bacteria can only recycle waste when exposed to oxygen. Anaerobic analogs do not need direct air access, so they are calmly placed in vacuum tanks. You can often find a combination of supplements on the market - this is how manufacturers get the most effective drug.

Successful examples and beautiful options

Many clients cannot imagine the beautiful design of a toilet in a country house. Unusual toilet design can ruin the interior. To dispel doubts, the designers recommend that you familiarize yourself with the following interesting solutions.

Classic

Such wooden decoration of premises in the country is used everywhere. Plank masonry looks natural. Quality material fills the room with a pleasant smell of wood. A bright room can be decorated with white ceramics.

This option is perfect for installing a bathroom in a small room. The toilet is hidden from view by pieces of furniture. Additional equipment with shelves and cabinets allows you to place all the necessary personal hygiene items. Wooden furniture combined with wall and floor finishes creates a single composition.

Wood and tiles

The original design of this room is created by combining wood with ceramics. The white toilet is combined with mosaics, completing the composition. The tiles are dominated by shades of brown, in harmony with the wood cladding of the adjacent wall. A small window creates an additional source of illumination.

The light floor goes well with the color scheme of the walls. The room does not seem small, it is dominated by air and light. Such a solution looks appropriate not only in a house in the country, but also in an urban interior. You can give any look to the ceramic pattern on the wall. In this case, the decision was made in favor of keeping it simple.

Plastic in the interior

The use of a plastic toilet bowl is not capable of spoiling the appearance of the room. On the market, you can easily find a rather unusual option. In this interior, the plastic tank looks appropriate in combination with the wall cladding made of colored polymer. The red cage in the interior of the country house looks unusual and lively.

Wooden shelves add color to the bathroom arrangement. The combination of bright walls and a light floor avoids overwhelming design. The floor is covered with linoleum painted like a stone. Since the plastic tank is not bolted to the floor, it is not difficult to clean the cover. The light skirting board adds elegance and completeness to the room.

Combination of dark and light

This bathroom solution looks advantageous due to the strong contrast of the color of the walls with the floor. Rough, wide wooden slabs on the wall resemble old log buildings. The light floor in combination with ceramics gives the interior tenderness and sophistication. The room is fully equipped - all the necessary communications have been carried out.

Such a room is designed for constant use. The craftsmen did their best to make it pleasant to be in the room. Designer jewelry - vases and stands - create a mood. Rich ceramics perfectly suits this solution.

Complex shapes

The room is completely decorated with wood. Self-made toilet looks unusual. The rough wood finish looks noble. The brightest element in the room is the carved sink. The intricate figure resembles a felling of a tree. This option is perfect for connoisseurs of woody species.

Often, the first thing a person thinks about after buying a plot: how to make a simple street toilet in the country with his own hands and ready-made drawings will come in handy here, as well as detailed description all stages of construction, advice and nuances.

It is easy to build a toilet in a summer cottage with your own hands.

The simplicity of the design allows even a person without much construction experience to equip a toilet for a summer residence with his own hands. And if you connect imagination, then a house for thinking about

It will fit perfectly into the design of the site and, perhaps, even become its decoration.

Which toilet to build: types and features

Actually, there are only two options here: with or without a cesspool.

• A toilet with a cesspool is a simple, time-tested construction, which consists of an equipped cesspool and a toilet house above it. As it fills with sewage, the pit is cleaned out manually or a sewer truck is ordered.
  And it happens, they just move the house to another place. The old hole is buried, and after 6-7 years, its contents will finally rot and you can put the toilet back.

• A backlash closet is a kind of outdoor toilet with a sewage pit, but with the difference that it must be airtight. Such a toilet has to be built if it is located close to a house, a water source, or when the groundwater is high.

Scheme: how the backlash closet works

• A toilet without a cesspool or a powder closet is equipped if the groundwater is very high or if the toilet is not used much. In this case, a container for collecting sewage can be anything except a pit (bucket, barrel, plastic tank). The required volume determines the intensity of the use of the bathroom.

After each trip to such a toilet, the sewage is sprinkled with dry peat, sometimes sawdust or ash is used, so a box for "masking powder" should be provided in the house. After filling, the container is removed by hand, and the contents are evacuated into a compost pit. If the sewage was covered with peat, then after a while they become a wonderful fertilizer.

Toilet without a cesspool (powder closet)

Important! If the groundwater is below 2.5 meters, any type of toilet can be built, but if it is located higher, then the cesspool will have to be abandoned.

Where to build a toilet

For toilets with a cesspool, there are a number of sanitary and hygienic standards and restrictions on which their location on the site depends.
Minimum distances from the toilet to other objects:

• To water sources (wells, wells, lakes, rivers) - 25 m;
• To houses, cellars - 12 m;
• Up to a summer shower or bath - 8 m;
• To the nearest tree - 4 m, and to the bushes - 1 m;
• To the fences - at least 1 m.

Scheme: the correct location of the toilet relative to other buildings in the summer cottage

Important! When choosing a construction site, it is worth considering not only the objects located on your own site, but also those located on the neighboring one.

So that summer evenings on the terrace are not spoiled by the amber, the place is chosen taking into account the wind rose. If the site is located on a slope, it is better to put the toilet at the lowest point.

Sump construction

After selecting and preparing the site, they begin to dig a cesspool. As a rule, it is square in shape, at least 2 meters deep.
The cesspool is of two types:

• Sealed. The bottom of such a pit is concreted, reinforced before pouring, and so that the reinforcement does not sink in concrete, it is placed on pegs. The walls are also sealed, puttyed with mortar or the seams are covered with bitumen.

Sealed toilet cesspool

• Absorbing It is better to dig such a hole to the sand, then the liquid fraction of sewage will quickly go into the ground. The bottom is covered with a layer of coarse gravel or pebbles.

Absorption cesspool design

There are several ways to strengthen the walls of the cesspool:

• Brickwork;
• Concrete structure;
• Ready-made reinforced concrete rings;
• Plastic tank.

From above, the pit is covered, with beams, slate or concreted, leaving only the area under the toilet seat open, and they begin to assemble the toilet house.

Toilet house construction

The optimal dimensions of a country toilet are 1 × 1.5 m, the height is 2.2-2.5 m. Otherwise, it will be simply inconvenient, especially for people with large shapes. It is not necessary to make drawings of the toilet yourself, if not special requirements and ideas can be used already prepared.
First of all, the scheme is convenient in that it allows you to correctly calculate the amount of building materials and the preliminary cost of a courtyard bathroom.

Construction of a toilet over a cesspool (correct placement scheme)

Frame base

It is recommended to push the toilet house 2/3 forward above the cesspool, thus providing access to it for cleaning behind the rear wall of the structure.
The durability of the building can provide shallow foundation... Waterproofing is laid between it and the frame, 1-2 layers of roofing material. But for a light construction made of wood, it is not at all necessary. It is enough to install the base on concrete blocks.
It is also possible to put four support pillars. To do this, at the corners of the future structure, four holes are dug up to a depth of about 60 cm, in soft soils it is possible up to 1 meter, and asbestos pipes are lowered into them. The pit is filled by a third with cement mortar. After that, a support beam is installed in the pipe, and the pit is completely filled with concrete.

Installing the toilet base on concrete blocks

Assembling the frame

For the construction of the frame, beams with a cross section of 50 × 50 or 80 × 80 mm will be sufficient; it is impractical to take more overall material.

• First, a rectangular support with a jumper is assembled, from which the front wall of the toilet seat will rise, and screw it to the foundation or support posts. A board is laid on top. The thickness of the floorboard must be at least 3 cm.

Erection of a wooden frame for a toilet

• The frame of the front, rear and side walls is assembled from the timber. In this case, the front wall should be at least 10 cm higher than the rear one, this will provide the necessary roof slope.
• For greater structural strength on the side and rear walls, it is recommended to make diagonal jibs.
• On the front wall, be sure to make a reinforcement for the door of the appropriate size and make a hole for the window.
• The frames of the walls are fixed on the base with metal corners, a strapping is made on top and at the level of the toilet seat.

Strengthening the toilet frame with metal corners

• The next step will be the assembly of the toilet seat frame and its lining, if no alternative options are provided, for example, a floor-standing toilet.

Frame sheathing

The frame is sheathed with wooden boards. The vertical arrangement allows you to significantly save material, while the horizontal imitates the frame and looks more interesting. The boards are tightly fitted to each other and attached to the base. Instead of wood, sheets of corrugated board, slate or any other material corresponding to the construction budget are also used.

Toilet frame cladding

Advice! It is advisable to treat all wooden structural elements with a special antibacterial impregnation, which will protect the material from moisture and pests, and then varnished or painted

Roof

The roof should not protrude beyond the walls by more than 30 cm. Installation begins with fixing parallel boards at a short distance. After that, the visor is sewn up from below, the boards are attached outside along the perimeter. A layer of waterproofing is laid on the prepared base, usually it is roofing material, after which the structure is covered with any roofing material (slate, metal profile, bitumen shingles).

A simple flat roof is enough for a toilet.

Summer residents, who are not satisfied with the standard scheme of the house, can find drawings of more interesting options, make it on their own or purchase ready-made toilet houses, they are assembled according to the type of a designer, and for convenience they must be accompanied by instructions and all accompanying drawings.

Exhaust ventilation

Exhaust ventilation in a country toilet is a pipe that removes odors from a cesspool. Its lower edge is led into a pit, and the upper edge should rise above the roof by at least 20 cm.

Arrangement of ventilation of a country toilet

Suitable for arranging ventilation plastic pipe with a diameter of 100 millimeters. It is pulled to the back wall from the inside or outside of the building and fixed with iron clamps. To increase traction, a deflector nozzle is installed on the head.

Toilet door installation

Doors are installed with ordinary wooden, ready-made plastic or home-made, from the material with which the frame was sheathed. Hang the door on 2 hinges. In principle, the closing method can be any, traditionally it is a latch, latch or hook, outside and inside. It is better to refuse more cunning locking systems, for example, with latches, since their mechanism will be exposed to moisture and quickly rust.

Two hinges are enough to install the door

Lighting

For a more comfortable use of amenities, it is better to take care of their lighting in advance. This could be a wall-mounted flashlight that runs on battery power. Alternatively, you can supply electrical wiring and connect a small lighting fixture.

Country toilet lighting options

And during the day, a small window will illuminate the interior space. It is usually cut out above the doors or at the top of the door, but there are actually more options, from curly windows on the walls to a transparent roof.

Advice! A cesspool will last longer if toilet paper and other hygiene or household items are not thrown into it, so there must be a bucket in the toilet. If dimensions permit, it is convenient to install a conventional washbasin with a hanging spout here, especially since you are already ready for a rowing pit.

Powder closet: construction features

The lack of a cesspool is the main difference in construction. But there are also some differences in the design of the house. We'll have to think about how to remove the container in which the sewage is collected.

Scheme: device of powder closet

The door is usually equipped with the back wall of the house or the front wall of the toilet seat. Inside the booth, a special box is installed for peat (ash, sawdust). Ventilation is also indispensable here, only the pipe is not lowered into the pit, but directly under the toilet seat.

V construction documentation the term "temporary buildings and structures" is present.

They are being erected primarily on site, there can be no talk of all the modern conveniences in these sanitary cabins.

Fast and effective are performed, consisting of simple steps like digging a hole for the toilet and placing a box over it.

At dachas and rural houses, they prefer to have a closet in a secluded place.

Even the device of amenities inside the building can break down, and the help of qualified plumbers can not quickly wait in a remote area, then a street house will come in handy.

The developers share the secrets of the buildings, not only the preferences of the inhabitants are provided, but also the peculiarities of the land plots.

They decide the question of how to dig a hole under, if the water is near. Because in this case it is necessary to choose an alternative, since it is impractical to dig deep holes with groundwater located at a depth with a mark higher than three meters.

It is important to choose a convenient corner for the location of the booth, away from prying eyes and at the same time with easy accessibility.

Despite the fact that an individual building is being carried out on the land owned by it, the observance of sanitary standards is not canceled. According to the rules, the restroom is placed at a distance of 10 m from the living quarters and 20 m away from water sources.

The interests of neighboring properties must also be considered, the space between their hedge and the toilet should be about 2 m. The owner expects the possibility of a free entrance of a sewer truck and access to pumping devices. For example, a car works with a barrel connected. From the sleeves lowered into the pit (7 m), the sewage enters the container, their length should be enough.

The house must be placed in a place that is easy to reach in any weather, so that the wind does not blow over it, while the pit does not quickly overflow from precipitation, spring melting of snow and the flow of groundwater.

• it is necessary to place a cesspool in a place from which it is not possible to enter a water source
• keep the distance between the restroom and living quarters, both your own and those of your neighbors
• the distance is necessary with washing facilities - shower
• distance from the neighboring fence should be normal
• it is better to install toilet doors towards your yard
• the site is chosen in an area from which the smell of wind currents is not audible, both in their resting corners and in neighboring

Compliance with the little things will save you from quarrels with neighboring residents in the future, will not deliver unpleasant minutes with guests when the smell from the restroom drowns out the barbecue aroma.

What is the difference between pits

Digging a cesspool is distinguished by the tightness of the bottom and its filtration.

Hermetically sealed constructions are somewhat more expensive.

Waste will go to consumables, the frequency of cleaning fecal matter.

The base is filtering, less expensive, but it requires compliance with sanitary standards, there are restrictions on the possible contamination of the adjacent territories.

The circumference of the walls must be strengthened; for this, various materials are used from:

• bricks
• plastic
• monolith
• rings of concrete

Having foreseen all the nuances, construction begins with clearing the site, cleaning up old buildings unnecessary in this place, uprooting roots from trees, etc.

It is better to choose a time that is warm and dry, so as not to decide how to dig a hole for the toilet in winter. In the cold season, in regions with severe winters, the soil will freeze and additional equipment will be required; physically, it will not be possible to hammer the earth with a shovel.

In this case, a drill or a mini excavator with a bucket will come in handy. In warm areas, ground freezing is not terrible, people still choose a more favorable season for starting construction.

Concept of the design features of the finish

The owner can build any top in complexity and shape, but the hole under it must be reliable, properly dug and equipped:

• Installation of concrete rings takes place using pre-purchased structural elements. Their number is equal to those dug, installation requires special equipment, skill and special knowledge... It is impossible to manually lift and install a bulky part, the rings are not cheap; in the aggregate, certain costs are expected.
• Simpler construction work belongs to the lining of the cesspool with bricks. To do this, you do not need the specifications of an elite bricklayer; any owner of his own house will independently lay out around the walls. The cost of hiring labor will decrease, and illiquid material will be suitable for masonry.
• Manufacturers share good results after installing a reinforcing mesh around the perimeter of the hole, it is poured with concrete. It is necessary to follow the technology for making concrete and the rules of pouring; the formwork device will help to carry them out.
• A wide variety of containers that have appeared in the trade allow them to be used for cesspools. They can be plastic, metal, any, which you do not mind using for a waste place.
• A profitable and economical way is the installation of unnecessary car tires in a circle. They are reliable and strong, even barrels are inferior to them, if, of course, there is access to their purchase. Near car services, in landfills, you can get a similar deficit for free.
• Summer residents cover their otkhodniks with slate sheets, however, this material is quite fragile, possibly the formation of debris on the surfaces. It is necessary to select solid sheets in height, to join the edges, and the repair is a rather unpleasant procedure, it is better to perform a more stable structure once.

Some craftsmen covered the hole with boards, wooden scraps. They can be successfully placed, the elements can be selected in size, but the tree will quickly rot due to the specificity of the habitat, you will have to clean not only waste products, but also remove the remnants of the formwork.

How to dig a sump hole

Having decided on the area and location of the toilet, you need to prepare necessary tool for digging and further arrangement:

• acquire finishing material
• shovel
• roulette
• bucket

Start digging along with the preliminary steps:

• It is necessary to clean the site, mark it with pegs driven into the ground around the perimeter.
• The first layer is removed, if there is a problem with the volume of land, the soil is distributed into fertile, clay and sandy in heaps, then the unnecessary is taken out, the useful one is used for its intended purpose.
• They try to dig a hole in size with smooth walls and a bottom.
• Additional ones are carried out with the bottom, which include filling the sand pillow, tamping it. Depending on the choice of further finishing, crushed stone or reinforcing elements are laid, and concrete is poured.
• When the base dries up, they proceed to the brick lining of the perimeter, plaster the walls with a strong concrete solution, it is possible to coat the surfaces with bitumen. Provide for raising the walls a few centimeters above.

An interesting way is offered by private traders for installing a metal barrel in a prepared pit.

How to equip and install a metal container

It is important to properly process the base for a metal barrel.

The installation site should be 30 centimeters higher.

Prepare the container by randomly hollowing out the bottom with a tool, leaving several tape bundles.

In the pit, backfill is carried out with any henchmen, crushed stone, crushed stone, broken brick will do.

It is necessary to form a porous, insoluble 30 cm layer. Then a vessel with a perforated bottom is placed on a raised platform and crushed material is poured around it.

Between the layers, lay a gasket of polyethylene, oilcloth or roofing material to prevent mixing of the earth with the "pillow". The previously dug soil is poured on top, the missing upper elements are equipped.

What are the stages of mounting rings

In order not to overshadow the charm of suburban life, you just need to build your own sewer system in the most convenient way, with a serviceable year-round.

A small upgrade will transform a simple cesspool into a sewer with the greatest possible comfort.

The principle of lining the walls with building material provides for the absorption of waste through the bottom into the ground. Sanitation is opposed with such fecal disposal methods.

It allows you to use a large amount of liquid diluted with modern detergents and chemicals, they are absorbed into, mixed with underground sources that enter the drinking source, according to the principle of the cycle of substances in nature.

Therefore, orderlies expose prohibitive measures for the free penetration of hazardous substances into water sources. The most the best option is the installation of septic tanks, which will save you from many problems and create a civilized way of waste disposal.

The device takes place according to all the previously listed norms for the location of the latrine from water and people.

Before digging a hole, the volume of septic elements is calculated, it depends on the number of inhabitants of the house, the passability of people through this area. And the design consists of compartments for sediment and liquid filtration. Therefore, an extensive pit will be required to accommodate all functional vessels.

If there is money, special equipment is hired for digging, as it will also be needed to install the rings. The base is finished with concrete with the entire step-by-step procedure, it is imperative that a sand pillow is poured.

The filter well is arranged with a suitable base from:

• gravel
• sand
• rubble

The filling is carried out from half a meter. The trade offers ready-made concrete bottoms, which are installed before running the rings. On the prepared base, concrete structures are lowered with a lifting mechanism, in turn, fastening the joints with a concrete mixture.

Additionally, the parts are fixed with brackets or metal plates. Strengthens surfaces to prevent wall deformations due to spring soil movements.

With the help of pipes, a drain is organized into another pit with a shape that provides for the desired bend. The top of the structure is covered with a hatch, through which the sewage will subsequently be pumped out during the period of mandatory annual cleaning.

Construction work of any category requires the implementation of certain rules. For septic pits you will need:

• a circle or square with perfect evenness, made according to the TU bottom, these conditions affect the fit of the rings
• the installation must be entrusted to specialists with all the necessary devices, technical means
• initially, you should start digging a pit, then acquire the necessary material according to its size
• before lowering the products into the hole, you need to drill circles in them for the outlet

This option is suitable for dacha living, but it should be borne in mind that filling takes place quickly and sooner or later will require pumping out the sewage. To save money and time, the installation of other septic tanks will be required, they are now sold and installed in a wide variety. The functions of some, consist of cleaning waste and further using the liquid for technical needs.

Superstructure

Outdoor toilet cubicles are installed from different materials:

• wooden
• blocky
• brick
• corrugated board

An individual room with comfortable seats and toilets is originally finished inside. Wooden houses are still in demand.

For this structure, you will need the construction of a rectangular frame with columnar foundation... The corners are reinforced with block or brick linings. Installation of the insulating layer with roofing felt plates is carried out between the foundation base and the wooden box.

The toilet assembly procedure consists of the following stages:

• frame bars are primed and painted to prevent decay
• based on the dimensions of the dug pit, they hammer off the frame and set it on a frozen
• nails are nailed to the frame, vertical risers are fastened with bolts and plates, they are leveled with a building level
• designate and arrange racks for the doorway
• fix the beamed ceilings for the future roof, they protrude beyond the perimeter of the box, you need to observe the slope of the roof, for this the rear wall is shorter in the height of the front
• inside, above the located sump, a small elevation is built for the seat, it will also need a small frame
• upward they fix slate or profile sheets for the roof
• pre-prepared material is used for wall cladding, siding, corrugated board, boards. They are attached to the crossbars nailed to the frame together with the box for the future seat.
• nail hinges in the opening and hang on them
• conduct electricity to a temporary structure, install a shade, and screw in a lamp

Inside, now the premises, you can arrange everything cheaply and cheerfully:

• paint
• pasted over with wallpaper
• plaster and putty
• cover the floors and put rugs on them

So that there is no mustiness in the house, the smell emanating from the pit, homemade ventilation is installed. Just one plastic pipe, pulled to the surface of the rear wall using tin clamps, will allow unpleasant air to escape and fresh streams in.

To do this, one end is lowered into the cesspool through the cut out circle on the hill for the seat. The other edge is tapped into a cut-out roof opening. This design works effectively to create fresh breathing air.

When there are no conditions or opportunities to install expensive equipment, a device in the form of powder closets is used. For them, you do not need to dig holes, sedimentation tanks and filtration. Under a chair, made on a relative elevation, a vessel is installed into which natural need is fulfilled, and when the container is filled, it is pulled out with a simple movement and taken out.

Of course, this method does not satisfy the full conditions, but it is quite suitable for temporary use. How to make a toilet in the country without smell and pumping out is presented in the video:

The first building that is being built in the country is not a house or even a shower, but a toilet. So the construction of a cesspool with your own hands is an indispensable part of summer cottage work. This is pretty easy to do.

Location of the building

Digging a hole for the toilet with your own hands is not possible in any area. Its location is determined sanitary standards which should be followed carefully. The health of others really largely depends on this.

• First of all, it is necessary to exclude the ingress of effluents into the water. Therefore, from the toilet to the nearest source of water - a well, a well, a stream, a lake, it must be at least 25 m.If the site has a slope, then it is located below the source.
• It is necessary to take into account the placement of water sources not only at your dacha, but also on the sites of neighbors. The same goes for other objects.
• The distance from the building to residential buildings - our own and others', must be at least 12 m.
• The distance to the bath, shower, summer shower and other things must be at least 8 m.
• There is a distance of 4 m to the outbuildings where animals are kept - chickens, rabbits, geese.
• Vegetation is also taken into account: the distance to the nearest bushes should be 1 m, to the trees - 4 m.
• The distance to the fence is at least 1 m.
• The door to the toilet stall opens towards your own yard, and not towards the neighbors.
• It is necessary to take into account the preferred direction of the wind: the smell should not annoy the inhabitants or their neighbors.
• The type of structure depends on the water table. So, at a level below 2.5 m, any variety settles, so how quickly to dig a hole for the toilet depends solely on desire.

If the groundwater level is higher than 2.5 m, it will not be possible to make a cesspool - this is prohibited. Here you can install a powder closet or a backlash closet, it is allowed to arrange dry closets, that is, all options where sewage does not come into contact with groundwater. In the photo - a backlash closet.

• It is also necessary to take into account the work of the sewage machine, because when a large volume of sewage has collected, it must be removed. The sleeve is 7 m long, with 3 m in the pit. It is necessary to provide for the possibility of a car driving to the country house.

Varieties of cesspools

Before deciding how to dig a hole for a toilet in the country, you need to decide on the type of pit. First of all, they are divided into the following structures:

• with a filtering bottom - here it is supposed to clean the effluent, which eliminates the need for disposal. In practice, when dirty water has collected in a large number, the filter begins to malfunction, and there is a high risk of contamination of the area;
• sealed - sewage does not come into contact with the ground and groundwater, it is removed with a sewage machine. You can also quickly make a pit for it, but the maintenance of the structure is more expensive. What to do right depends on the characteristics of the site.

A structure is constructed from several materials that provide sufficient sealing:

• brick - most often built independently;
• plastic - the presence of plastic containers of different sizes greatly facilitated the construction of country toilet cubicles. It can be done quickly, and the tightness of the model is more than sufficient;
• made of concrete rings - a very solid durable option. True, this is not easy and quick to do, since concrete rings are a very heavy object. This option is correctly used in areas with deep water occurrence;
• monolithic construction - how easy it is to dig a hole for the toilet, refers to this method only partially. It is really easy to make a foundation pit, but laying reinforcement, constructing formwork and pouring concrete is not an easy task. However, such a structure also serves for a long time.

How to properly dig a hole for the toilet

The usual dimensions of the pit are: 2 m depth and 1 m width and length. It is usually sufficient for a year of use without cleaning.

You can do it yourself in 2-3 days.

1. First, determine the location taking into account all of the above requirements.
2. They mark out the dimensions, dig a pit, trying to make the walls as even as possible.
3. it is better to use the top fertile soil, but take out the clay and sand.
4. The bottom of the pit is tamped and covered with sand. If this is a concrete or brick version, then crushed stone or reinforcement is laid on the bottom and poured with concrete.
5. After setting, the walls are laid out with bricks, plastered. For greater tightness, it is advisable to coat them with bitumen mastic. The walls must be raised 10 cm above the ground level.
6. If we are talking about a concrete structure, then reinforcement is fixed on the walls, the simplest formwork is built and poured with concrete.
7. With a plastic container, the matter is even simpler: a barrel or eurocube is lowered into the prepared pit and buried.

The video demonstrates the process of digging a pit for a toilet in more detail.

Varieties of cesspools

The principle of operation of a cesspool in the country was invented a long time ago, and is relevant to this day. All waste from the toilet is collected in a prepared hole in the soil. Thanks to a specially selected structure and reinforced walls, such a cesspool can perform all the assigned functions. She equips herself as follows:

• from brick or rubble stone;
• from a plastic or metal container;
• from reinforced concrete rings;
• from a ready-made container for septic tanks;
• from monolithic concrete.

After a lot of liquid has accumulated in this depression, you can start pumping out the waste. This must be done using a special sewer machine or manually. Many owners of country cottages choose an option that provides for filling a cesspool after 3-4 years. In this case, you need to focus on the degree of its filling.

When the waste fills 70% of the pit, it can be filled up, after which the toilet itself is transferred to a new place in the country. After 7-8 years, the entire biological mass is split and ordinary chernozem is formed. At this place, you can dig a hole again and install a toilet with your own hands.

Cesspool for a country toilet made of tires

Choosing the right place on the site

If you decide to use a cesspool to equip a toilet in the country with your own hands, you need to choose the right place on the site. If this is not done, waste from the bathroom will negatively affect the supporting structures of neighboring buildings, contaminate the soil and drinking water. Adhere to the following recommendations when choosing a place on the site for arranging a cesspool with your own hands:

• distance to any body of water - 25 m;
• if the site is on a slope, install the toilet at the lowest point;
• in the presence of clay soils, the distance from the bathroom to the well with drinking water can be 20 m, on loam - 30 m, on sandy or sandy loam - 50 m;
• the nearest basement, cellar, residential building must be at least 12 m;
• to the sauna or bath can be 8 m;
• the distance to the barn with animals should be 4 m;
• the nearest tree may be at a distance of 4 m, and a shrub - 1 m;
• the fence in the country should be at least 1 m away from the bathroom;
• take into account the preferred direction of the wind to prevent the spread of unpleasant odors in the area.

Also take into account the depth of the groundwater table. If it is at a distance of 2.5 m or more from the ground surface, then you can safely dig a hole for a toilet in the country with your own hands. If this is not the case, then use sealed structures to equip an outdoor bathroom on the site.

Dimensions of holes for an outdoor bathroom

To equip a toilet in the country with your own hands, you need to dig a small pit. Its depth should be at least 2 m, but not more than 4 m. The cesspool should not be too deep, since in this case it will not be possible to pump out all the sewage. The machine-sewer simply will not reach the bottom if the depth of the pit is too deep.

The optimal width and length of the cesspool should be approximately 0.8-1.2 m. This will be enough for a summer residence where 2-5 people live permanently or periodically.

Sealed storage systems or earthen?

When the optimal place in the country has been chosen, you need to start digging the foundation pit with your own hands. After the cesspool is ready, you need to choose the type of arrangement of its bottom. It can be in the form:

• filtration field;
• solid slab.

In the first case, you can save on pumping waste from the pit, since the excess liquid will gradually be absorbed into the soil. In this case, it is necessary to carefully choose the place of installation of the toilet at the summer cottage. A cesspool with an earthen bottom is capable of handling 1 cubic meter. m of waste per day.

If you think that you have more of them, then you need to choose another option for septic tanks. To make a filtration field with your own hands to reduce harmful impurities that can get into the ground, you need to lay a layer of gravel 10-15 cm thick on the bottom of the pit. Be sure to tamp it thoroughly, then fill in several buckets of sand.

When arranging a sealed bottom, you need to understand that you will have to pump out stagnant liquid several times a year. But in this way it is possible to prevent contamination of groundwater and soil at the site. To equip such a foundation, you must:

• Tamp down the soil at the bottom.
• Arrange the sand pillow with a layer of 10-15 cm.
• Install the mesh reinforcement.
• Fill in the screed with a height of 30-40 mm. To increase the strength, prepare a cement-sand-crushed stone mixture.

When the base hardens, you can begin to strengthen the walls of the pit.

We use brick

If the conditions on the site allow you, you can make filtration not only the bottom of the pit, but also its walls. This will allow you not to pump liquid from the toilet for at least 4-5 years. To do this, it is necessary to lay a brick on a cement-sand mortar, while leaving a gap between the rows of 1-2 cm in size. It is recommended to fill the space between the walls and the ground with fine gravel, which will additionally filter out biological waste.

To equip a sealed pit you need:

• Pour the concrete bottom.
• Lay out the walls with red brick and cement-sand mortar. Use bandaging seams to keep the masonry strong. The bricks can be placed on the edge.
• Check the verticality of the walls using a plumb line. Check this after placing each row of bricks.
• Plaster the inside of the pit.
• Additionally apply bituminous mastic to achieve complete sealing.
• Brick walls should protrude 10-15 cm above the surface so that rainwater does not drain inside.

Diy brick drain pit

We strengthen the walls with reinforced concrete rings

This type of strengthening the walls of the cesspool is considered very reliable, but expensive. It is difficult to install reinforced concrete rings with your own hands, since the weight of one element can reach 400 kg. For their installation, you need to use the services of special equipment - a manipulator or a small crane.

The process of installing reinforced concrete rings consists of the following steps:

• The cesspool should have a width and length of about 1.1-1.2 m in order to install a ring with a diameter of 1 m. Its height is 0.9 m, so use 2-3 pieces.
• Lower the reinforced concrete rings into the hole so that they protrude 10-15 cm on the surface.
• As an alternative option for installing reinforced concrete walls, you can place the ring on the surface of the ground in the right place. Then dig under it. The rings will gradually sink into the soil from their own weight.
• Connect the elements together using metal plates or brackets. Cover the joints with cement-sand mortar.
• Then you can pour the concrete bottom.
• Fill the gap between the rings and the walls of the pit with sand and tamp.

If you decide to make a cesspool from monolithic concrete, then you need to use the formwork, where the ready-mixed mixture is poured. This is a lengthy and costly process. Therefore, the arrangement of the walls in this way is justified only in the presence of groundwater near the surface of the soil.

We use containers

A cesspool with your own hands from a finished container is considered one of the most profitable options... It takes a little time to equip it, since such containers are light and easy to install. It is best to use a plastic barrel that does not corrode and has a long service life. For its installation you need:

• The pit should be 15-20 cm larger from the plastic tank, so that you can install it without problems. In this case, you can use both a solid barrel and a container without a bottom, depending on the conditions at the site.
• If the bathroom will be located on heaving soils, pour a concrete screed under the barrel.
• After installing the barrel, fill the free space between its walls and the soil with sand. When doing this, tamp it down thoroughly.

Ready-made tanks for septic tanks are installed in the same way. If they have significant weight, the services of a manipulator or a crane cannot be dispensed with.

After the pit for the bathroom is completely ready, you can start installing the above-ground part of the bathroom.

Video: Cesspool - construction stages