Rules for linking a building to a boundary plan. Linking a house, cottage, building to a land plot

(Rules for binding a house to land plot)

Any typical or individual project house requires binding it to a specific site, taking into account the geological conditions of the area on which construction is underway. In other words, the house should be "inscribed" into the plot in order to create a single harmonious whole. In this case, the problem of "landing" the house on the relief should be solved, since any typical project perform from the construction accounting on a flat site. V real life such conditions do not exist - there are always at least small slopes on the site.

There are two main ways to "land" - without changing or with a change in the existing relief. If you choose the first option, the house will organically fit into the surrounding landscape. However, in this case, processing of its basement and underground parts will be required in order to adapt them to relief conditions. If the option of planting the house on a flat area is chosen, the construction site will be disrupted natural relief, and to put it in order, planning work will be required.

Depending on the slopes, the sections are divided into flat (3), with a small slope (3-8%), an average slope (8-20%) and steep (20% or more). In relation to the contours of the building slope longitudinal axis can be placed parallel, perpendicular or diagonally. At the same time, the diagonal position of the house is considered the least convenient, since it has unequal ground levels on all sides, which complicates the vertical layout.

It is advisable to place houses of typical buildings on small slopes and only parallel to the horizontal lines. At the same time, it is more profitable to place houses without basements on slopes up to 7%, but already with a slope of 5-7%, soil filling is required from the foothill side. Houses with a basement can be placed parallel to the horizontal with slopes up to 12%. On slopes of 7-8%, the house can be turned by the entrance to either side of the slope, and with slopes of 8-12% - only to the upland side, since placing the entrance from the retaining side will lead to the fact that some of the rooms will be buried in the ground.

Construction on slopes is associated not only with difficulties in the placement of buildings and structures, but also with the construction of access roads. On mountain slopes with a steepness of more than 1: 2, for the stability of the subgrade, it is necessary to arrange retaining walls and other structures. Of particular note are the difficulties encountered during construction on landslide slopes.

Rice. 2.:
A - entrance area; B - upper terrace; B - lower terrace

In construction practice, a combined "planting" of a house is often used, dividing the site into separate flat areas - terraces (Fig. 2). This solution allows you to minimize the amount of earthwork and minimize the cost of building a zero cycle at home. Cutting and terracing of slopes should be carried out on the basis of a detailed and comprehensive study of the geomorphological situation and taking into account the tasks of further use of the territory (devices on terraces of sites, paths, recreation areas or buildings). This is especially important for establishing the number of terraces and the steepness of the slopes of the cut rocks. When cutting the soil in the active part of the landslide, the soil should be placed in its passive part, on buttresses, counter-benches. The slopes of the surfaces of the sites created by terracing should not be large. The surface of the terraced slopes is sodden, sowed with herbs, planted with shrubs and trees. Terracing of slopes and the construction of retaining walls on them should be carried out in conjunction with the organization of surface runoff along the slopes.

Rice. 3.:
A - entrance area on the site: 1 - staircase; 2 - decorative "rocky" garden with a flower garden;
B - upper terrace of the garden: 3 - residential building; 4 - stairs to the lower garden;
В - lower terrace of the garden: 5 - recreation area; 6 - fireplace; 7 - decorative reservoir

The choice of the "landing" of the house is carried out in conjunction with the scheme of organization and use of the entire site. For this, a plot breakdown scheme is developed, the planning organization of the construction site is thought out in such a way that it does not contradict the basic principle of using the site. A variant of the organization of the site, taking into account the peculiarities of the terrain, is shown in Fig. 3. Plots are different in area and shape, relief, geographic orientation and some other parameters that must be taken into account when planning. It is especially difficult to plan small garden plots where it is difficult to find a middle ground between what is desired and what is possible. After the construction of the house and outbuildings, there is only room for a micro garden. A competent, well-thought-out layout will help to correctly dispose of this area. Plots that are large in size are not easier to plan. An abundance of options and solutions, different opinions and wishes of all family members, the discrepancy between the desired and the possible - these are far from all the difficulties that a designer will have to meet. But good project- That's not all. When taking it out in nature, it is often necessary to make changes, since over time (and the registration of the site lasts for years) the conditions, requests and interests of the owners change. Therefore, even after drawing up a pictorial picture on paper, there is always the possibility of making adjustments in accordance with individual taste and fantasies.

The plan of the future garden and its landscape is best done on paper. Attempts to do this mentally work rarely produce good results. The project provides for the interconnection and convenient placement of all structures and elements of the garden, taking into account the lifestyle of the owners, the interests of each family member. This is the only way to make the site beautiful, comfortable, and most importantly, pleasant for rest and work. It is advisable to execute several variants of the project, compare them and only then make the final choice.

The residential building is the basis for the architectural planning of the site. As a rule, it is dominant, so special attention should be paid to its location and orientation. The location of the house on the site should ensure the orientation of the main living quarters to the south, southeast or east with the direction of the windows towards the site, while taking into account the interests of the neighbors. In accordance with urban planning standards in areas of estate development, the distance from the windows of residential premises to buildings of a domestic nature (barn, bathhouse, garage, etc.) located in neighboring areas should be at least 6 m. Premises intended for subsidiary farming ( cattle shed, outbuilding, compost and cesspools, etc.) are removed from the residential building by at least 15 m.

Usually the house is tied to a red line along the street. The distance from the wall of the house to the red line must be at least 4 m. The exception is streets where houses are historically located along the red line. If the site is located on a noisy street with heavy car traffic, then it is advisable to increase this distance. And the further the house is located from the street, the less dust and noise will penetrate into its windows. Fruit trees planted between the house and the red line will also help to fence off the street. However, it should be borne in mind that moving the house deeper into the site automatically leads to lengthening of the inner-yard access road or site. The displacement of the house to one of the side lines of the site will make it possible to build a utility driveway to the site. This is necessary for driving a tractor when plowing a vegetable garden, a sewage truck when cleaning cesspool etc. But in any case, the wall of the house should not be closer than 1.5 m from the lateral border of the site, with the exception of blocking the house with neighbors. Such blocking is carried out by mutual agreement and will help reduce construction costs. You can block not only the house, but also the outbuildings, while observing the sanitary and fire-prevention distance between buildings. Sanitary and fire protection gaps between buildings depend on the degree of fire resistance of the buildings.

Residential buildings and outbuildings should be located so that they give as little shade as possible, that is, so that their long axis is oriented to the south, and they are located closer to the northern or northwestern part of the site. The location of the front of the house also plays a significant role. The ancient Chinese believed that the facade of an ideally placed house should look at an open space, with protection on the sides (a forest or just high stands, a hill or neighboring buildings). It is good when a pond or forest is visible from the windows of the house. Place the house on the ground, if possible, so that the entrance to it is located on the south side. The south side of the building is not so covered with snowdrifts, and the entrance will be more accessible in winter. In addition, the south side is not blown by the winds so much, and the sun will heat the terrace located at the entrance.

BKI engineers will assist in the design of various cadastral services. You need to link a house, cottage, garden house, or other buildings to a land plot in the cities of Zvenigorod, Istra, Kubinka, Naro-Fominsk, Golitsyno, Krasnogorsk, Krasnoznamensk, Moskovsky, Aprelevka, Kokoshkino, Selyatino.

Rules for placing a house on a site

Rules for placing a house on the site. Part 1 Orientation of the house In the old days, the house on the site was positioned so that the road and the church could be seen from its windows. And if the site was a slope, the house was usually placed on a hill, and a garden was laid out below, a gazebo was built and other attributes of the local economy were located. Basic rules for placing a house on a site Today, the location of a house on a site depends on the rules for building a private house on the site.

Binding the house on the ground

Binding a house on the ground (Rules for binding a house to a land plot) Any typical or individual project of a house requires binding it to a specific site, taking into account the geological conditions of the area on which construction is underway. In other words, the house should be "inscribed" into the plot in order to create a single harmonious whole. At the same time, the problem of "landing" the house on the relief should be solved, since any typical project is carried out from the account of construction on a flat ground.

Binding the project to the terrain

Linking the project to the area The canons of construction and architecture insist on the triple division of the land plot, which must consist of a garden and park zone, a place auxiliary buildings and areas of the main building. Ideally, the location of such elements on a land plot can be arbitrarily arbitrary. However, in practice, the binding of a house project to a specific area is implemented in accordance with a certain set of restrictions and rules, depending on the characteristics of the land plot. These characteristics, first of all, include such geological and geodetic properties as the relief of the site, height groundwater and the orientation of the site relative to the cardinal points.

• It is necessary to tie real estate objects to a plot of land when cadastral passports or extracts do not have a record of cadastral numbers of land plots where these objects are located.
• To link real estate objects, one or more documentary acts will be required, the list of which is supplemented by certificates of property rights in relation to buildings; certificates of ownership of land plots where these buildings are located; cadastral passports or cadastral extracts, as well as court decisions.
• When real estate objects are located on several plots of land, during the preparation of technical plans, cadastral extracts are used for all plots of land, within the boundary limits of which the designated buildings are located.
• To determine the location of real estate objects, characteristic points are determined along the contours of these objects for plots of land, the coordinates of these points.
• The technical plans linking buildings to parcels of land are electronic documents; these technical plans are certified with the help of strengthened qualified electronic signatures cadastral engineers.

BKI engineers link buildings, houses, cottages, townhouses and other objects to the land plot in Zvenigorod, Istra, Kubinka, Naro-Fominsk, Golitsyno, Krasnogorsk, Krasnoznamensk, Moskovsky, Aprelevka, Kokoshkino, Selyatino

Residents of Prikamye often turn to the Cadastral Chamber with the question: "What to do if the notary does not miss the transaction due to the lack of communication between the individual house and the land plot?"

The leading experts of the Cadastral Chamber for the Perm Territory answer the topical question:
- Indeed, the notary has the right not to miss the transaction if the link between the land plot and the object located on it is not established in the Unified State Register of Real Estate (USRN) capital construction, for example, individual residential building... In this case, a connection means the presence in the USRN of the exact coordinates of a house, or another object of capital construction. Such appeals, as a rule, come to the Cadastral Chamber already during registration of ownership or in the process of making transactions with real estate objects.

This situation, as a rule, is due to the fact that the requirements for determining the coordinates of the boundaries of capital construction objects were introduced only in 2012. Up to this point, establishing a connection land plots and real estate objects were carried out at. According to the regional Cadastral Chamber, only 40.5% of capital construction projects in the Perm Territory contain accurate information about the connection with the land plot. The location of the remaining objects on the land plots has not been established. This means that the owners of these houses and buildings cannot be sure that their boundaries do not go beyond their own plot.

In order to avoid such problematic situations, the specialists of the Cadastral Chamber for the Perm Territory recommend that copyright holders take care in advance of the presence in the USRN of the "binding" of houses to the corresponding land plots.

You can find out about the presence or absence of such a connection by requesting from the Cadastral Chamber an extract from the USRN about the main characteristics and registered rights to the property.

Those who are faced with a similar problem need to contact a cadastral engineer to prepare a technical plan. In the process of preparing the technical plan, the cadastral engineer measures the building, determining its exact coordinates with the reference of the object to the land plot.

The connection between the site and the object of capital construction can also be established during the procedure for clarifying information about the location of the boundaries of the land plot as part of the land surveying procedure.

Then, the owner of the immovable property must contact one of the offices of the Cadastral Chamber in the Perm Territory with an application for taking into account changes in respect of the capital construction object and attaching a technical plan, as well as a certificate of ownership of a building, a certificate of ownership of a land plot on which it is located, extracts from the USRN or a court decision.

If the real estate object is located on several land plots, then the applicant will need to provide certificates or extracts for all land plots within the boundaries of which the corresponding building is located.

After entering information about the connection of real estate objects in the USRN, it will become possible to make transactions through a notary with the corresponding real estate objects.

Detailed information on receiving public services Rosreestr can be obtained by calling VTsTO Rosreestr: 8-800-100-34-34 (free call).

From January 1, 2017, in accordance with the legislation, an extraterritorial principle of acceptance and issuance of documents is provided, that is, the possibility of filing an application for state cadastre new accounting and (or) state registration rights to real estate objects throughout the territory Russian Federation... On the territory of the Perm Territory, documents are accepted and issued on an extraterritorial basis: Perm, Dzerzhinsky St., 35, Territorial Department No. 1 (jobs in Berezniki), Territorial Department No. 2 (jobs in Tchaikovsky District), Territorial Department No. 6 (jobs in Kudymkar and Kudymkarsky district).

Opening hours and addresses of the Branch offices can be found on the website www.kadastr.ru.

About the Cadastral Chamber in the Perm Territory
Branch of the FSBI "FKP Rosreestr" in the Perm Territory ( Cadastral Chamber) carries out the functions of accepting documents for state cadastral registration and (or) state registration of rights and providing information contained in the Unified State Register of Real Estate (USRN).

It all started 357 years ago

To understand why this law was needed and the problems we face today, we need to recall the history of the issue. From time immemorial, Russia has been quite seriously concerned with the borders and allotments that it provided to its subjects. Back in 1649, the "Cathedral Code" of the Moscow State was issued, which determined the procedure for establishing the borders and protecting the possessions. That is, the prototypes of the current territorial zones... And in 1861, after the abolition of serfdom, they introduced the Land Survey Rules for the "allocation" of land, and the peasants were given "owned" records. Later, a boundary collegium was created. And by the beginning of the 20th century, a good system of accounting for real estate and state guarantees of ownership of it had developed in Russia. But then there was a revolution, collectivization took place, and private landowners were practically "erased" from Russian legislation... Only state and collective-farm-cooperative property remained. So the subject of reference for land registry, and the boundaries of the sites were established, in fact, formally.

Real estate accounting and appraisal began to develop in two directions. One - through the BTI (bureau technical inventory), which were later transferred to the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior. BTI took into account mainly the technical characteristics of buildings and structures, primarily for security purposes. The second direction was led by the ministry Agriculture... It concerned directly the land, mainly agricultural land. Since we did not deal with the registration of land and buildings, the structures of private owners, respectively, there was no state register of rights. That is, the right to private ownership of land and other real estate was not registered.

Earth and home, unite!

Only in 1998 was it decided to create a unified state register of rights. And the law on state registration of rights to real estate came into force. Here, however, there was some inconsistency. Probably, at first it was still necessary to register and register the real estate objects themselves (land plots, buildings, structures, objects of unfinished construction), and then proceed to the registration of the right to them. In addition, it turned out that the land and objects on it during registration exist today in isolation. That is, land, buildings or structures on it are accounted for separately. Land plots - in the land registry, which began to be created in 1992. Buildings, structures - in BTI, which are now renamed OTI - the organization of technical inventory. But there is one more detail here. The Bureau of Technical Inventory, practically given to the subjects of the Federation or municipalities, did not have a single technology and method of work. And such fragmentation, absence regulatory framework simultaneously with the problem of unreliability of the inventory estimate, which is the basis for property tax, made it possible to approach the accounting system itself in different ways. Now all this needs to be put in order. That is, when registering and registering rights, combine the land plot and the buildings or structures that are on it. Actually, this is what the law "On the State Real Estate Cadastre" is about. Two years ago, it was decided to create a unified cadastre of real estate, and now the bill has passed the first reading in the State Duma.

However, Rosnedvizhimost has already begun to prepare for the creation unified system accounting of real estate objects. Several pilot projects have been launched, where we are testing new technologies. As a matter of fact, the unified real estate cadastre is already acquiring real features in three regions of the Federation. In the Kemerovo, Tver and Samara regions we are completing the creation of base maps and an inventory of the BTI archives. It turned out to be the most difficult work... The documents are in an extremely neglected state, some of the archives are missing, the number of capital construction projects in reality is 2.5 times the number declared by the BTI. As a result, their identification, binding to land plots is very time-consuming. However, the law on the state real estate cadastre will be introduced in stages. In 2008, it is planned to complete work in three regions. In 2009 it will be already 9 subjects of the Federation, in 2010 -

27. And by 2011 we will cover the rest.

Why do you need an inventory

To begin with, I want everyone to understand what the state real estate cadastre is. This is a collection of documents official information, which answers four basic questions: "What is it? Whose is it? How much does it cost? And where is it located?"

State cadastral registration is a legal act of recognition and confirmation by the state of the very fact of the existence of a real estate object. That is, until the cadastral registration has been made, your property cannot exist as an object of law. Therefore, it is impossible to obtain a certificate of ownership without cadastral registration. Thus, I repeat, this is not just a database, but a legal act of recognition by the state of the existence of a real estate object.

The creation of an inventory has three objectives. The first is providing state guarantees rights to real estate... And in case of any questions or legal proceedings, the inventory will be the main identifying base that will give information about what you own. The second goal is to ensure the collection of land and property taxes, that is, creating tax base... On the ground, we have not only completed the mass appraisal for the country, but also formed appraisal inventories for all land plots and transferred them to the Federal Tax Service (FTS). And on our website www.kadastr.ru by the cadastral number of the site, you can find out its area, the cost for taxation, the type of permitted use, the category of land. I will tell you how to do this a little later.

Here I must also say about the formation local budgets... The interest of any head of the municipality in creating a state real estate cadastre will be enormous. After all, this is the basis for stability and predictability of regional and local budget revenues. Now they will ask not only from the tax service, but also from us about the quality of collection of land and property taxes, which are transferred to the income of local budgets. And if the head of the municipality does not have enough funds, then he will think: "Maybe on his territory there are, for example, unaccounted land plots or they are poorly conducted mass appraisal? "Therefore, we have made the Unified Land Cadastre absolutely open for municipalities and regions. And we work with them in cooperation. The same principle must be preserved when creating a unified real estate cadastre.

And finally, the third goal of the cadastre is to improve the efficiency of territory management, urban planning and territorial planning. For example, municipalities formed under the new law must understand where and how their borders pass, what is on their territory. By the way, on behalf of First Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev for the implementation of the Affordable Housing national project, we published an atlas, which contains all background information on 30-kilometer zones around large cities with a population of over 200 thousand people. Here you can see where and what plots are located, what is their form of ownership and what category the land belongs to. And it is immediately clear where you can build.

The creation of a state cadastre of real estate is of great importance for the country's economy. This will stimulate its growth by including the value of real estate objects in the turnover. And the business will receive reliable protection of property rights, investments, clear and transparent accounting of real estate. Mortgages will begin to develop more actively.

Now the word

for cadastral engineers

The creation of a unified real estate cadastre will require a serious restructuring in the work of many departments. In order to "locate and identify" buildings, structures on the land plot, the function of technical accounting from the BTI will be transferred to the state represented by Rosnedvizhimost. Because it is the state that guarantees the right to property.

And the functions of inventory and measurement will remain on the market for the former BTI or new organizations. For example, as defined in the draft law "On the State Real Estate Cadastre" - for cadastral engineers who will unite in self-regulatory organizations (SRO) and compete in the market for such services.

By the way, this should seriously reduce the price of these services. But a certificate for state registration of property rights must be issued by the cadastral registration authority that sees the land plot, buildings, structures, and how much it all costs. You have taken such a certificate "in one window" and please go - register. As for the appraisal of real estate objects for taxation, then it, of course, should be done by professional appraisers. Our function is the organization of these works and the examination of the assessment results.

Thus, creating a unified state cadastre of real estate, we must take the data from the state land cadastre and the archives of the BTI and "bring them together." If you analyze all this in detail, then a lot of problems arise.

For example, creating targeted plans. After all, when sending information about a specific property to the tax office, we and the Federal Registration Service must accompany it with a clear address of the owner. Otherwise - to whom and where to send the bill? In the Russian Federation, the main address classifier KLADR leads tax office, which contains a coded description of each address.

We will also need information from the Federal Registration Service to know the state registration number of the right. This is the main identifying indicator. So on all these issues, we must build a powerful system for the exchange of information between Rosnedvizhimost, Rosregistratsia and the Federal Tax Service. In addition, the authorities that maintain other cadastres (water, forest, urban planning, waste cadastre - today there are about 20), should also supply all this information to a single cadastre of real estate objects. Without this, it will be impossible to create a "one window".

Forest and lake -

is it real estate?

Concerning natural resources, then here the basis of everything, of course, is the earth. Everything else is its characteristics. Let's say, is the lake a real estate object? The answer is no. The land plot on which it is located is. And the lake is its characteristic. So is the forest. In accordance with the Forest Code, "a forest plot is a land plot, the boundaries of which are determined in accordance with Articles 67, 69 and 92 of this Code."

Where to find out the price of your site

Rosnedvizhimost on its website posted information about cadastral value of all land plots in the country. But I will say right away: it is impossible to find your site here at the address and find out its cadastral value. It is necessary to have a cadastral number and then it is quite easy to obtain information. Let me explain how. Let's go to the interactive cadastral map. You see the counties here. We find, for example, the Moscow region, and then the Noginsky district. The boundary of each cadastral region is clearly defined. In the Noginsk region - 67,332 land plots. Now look in your extract from the Unified State Register of Rights or from the Unified State Land Cadastre, where there is a cadastral number of the site. If you have an old extract with a conditional number, then you need to come to the territorial department of Rosnedvizhimost and take a new document. It must be provided to you 10 days in advance. The statement itself is free. But if you have to copy some papers, then it can cost from 20 to 300 rubles. Not more. If you have not passed the cadastral registration at all, then you need to urgently do this.

And now we are looking for a number. Let's say - here are your five hundred square meters. The cadastral value is 57 thousand rubles. And so - for each land plot in the country.

How to determine land tax

Since 2006, the land tax has been calculated based on the cadastral value of land plots. At the same time, tax payers are not only owners, but also persons who own land plots on the basis of the right of permanent (indefinite) use and life-long inherited possession.

It is also necessary to understand that the tax amount consists of two components: the cadastral value of land plots, which is established by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and the tax rate, established by local governments. Considering that the land tax is local tax, that is, it goes completely to the budgets municipalities, depending on the categories of taxpayers, local governments have the right to establish tax benefits for certain categories of taxpayers, based on the actual ability of the taxpayer to pay tax (Article 3 Tax Code RF). You can find out about all this in tax office at the place of residence.

For example, for garden, summer cottage land plots the maximum tax rate is 0.3 percent of the cadastral value. The owners are looking for their land by the cadastral number. And if you own a land plot on the basis of the right of permanent (perpetual) use and life-long inheritance, look for your village. Let's say here square meter costs 436 rubles. Accordingly, multiply by 100 (you will find out the price of one hundred square meters) and by 6 - for six hundred parts. From this amount, deduct 0.3 percent - this is the maximum possible amount of tax.

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