Guaranteed deposit amount. State guarantee (insurance) of deposits

Based on recent polls by NAFI, 20% of Russians consider themselves financially literate. Compared to statistics from two years ago, this is good indicator, because then only every eighth did not doubt their knowledge. However, many depositors still do not understand basic things like deposit insurance or interest capitalization.

Information on types of deposits in banks

Deposits are urgent, that is, open for a certain period, and indefinite ("on demand"). Banks offer very low rates of return because they cannot know exactly when the depositor will demand their funds. Term deposit can also be withdrawn at any time, but only with partial or complete loss of the promised interest. Such deposits are used to accumulate funds for purchases, payments or events.

Also, deposits are divided into foreign currency, ruble and multicurrency. Experts recommend accumulating money in the currency in which it is supposed to be spent later. If the money on the deposit is long-term savings, it is reasonable to form a basket of different currencies. That is, to keep some part of the funds in a ruble deposit, another - in, a third - in. However, the dollar or the euro can be replaced with others. reserve currencies:,. Those wishing to play on depreciation or strengthening national currency you should take a closer look at those that make it possible to freely move funds between accounts without losing interest. We wrote about multicurrency deposits in detail -.

Investment interest capitalization

More profitable than "usual" (all other things being equal). The benefit of a bank deposit makes it possible to add interest accrued for a certain period (for example, for a month) to the body of the deposit. That is, in each subsequent period, interest will be charged on the increased amounts. In the case of deposits without capitalization, interest is transferred to a separate client account, that is, they stop "working" for income, such deposits are less profitable.

Example profitable contribution with interest capitalization: let's compare the income on two deposits in the amount of 100,000 rubles with capitalization and without capitalization, the rate is the same - 10%. In the case of a deposit without capitalization, for the first year we will receive 10,000 rubles, for two years - 20,000, for three - 30,000. In a situation of a deposit with capitalization, these values ​​will be: 10482, 22039 and 34818 rubles, respectively.

Guarantees for deposits of individuals

Deposits of individuals and individual entrepreneurs are guaranteed. If the bank's license is revoked, which in last years happens often, then depositors will receive an insurance payment in the amount of the deposit and accrued income (interest), but within 1,400,000 rubles.

Insurance payments are made state corporation"ASV". Money for payment under the guarantee of deposits individuals are taken from a special fund formed from quarterly contributions from banks. That is, for clients, insurance is technically worthless. Any bank that attracts money from the public is obliged to participate in the CER, that is, to ensure that the deposits of individuals are safe.

What to do when the amount of the deposit exceeds the insured amount.

If the client kept more than 1,400,000 in the bank, including interest, and the bank collapsed, then everything that exceeds the amount of insurance can be obtained exclusively within the framework of bankruptcy management, which is a procedure for satisfying the claims of creditors and customers through the sale of property and assets of the broken financial institution... This process takes on average a couple of years, individuals are recognized as creditors of the 1st stage, individual entrepreneurs fall into the III. That is, the former have significantly more chances to return their funds, but it is better not to rely on liquidators, that is, not to put more than 1,400,000 in one bank.

How to withdraw funds from a liquidated bank and is it worth

Payments to bank depositors begin no later than fourteen days from the day insured event(license selection), but sometimes faster. Deposits will be refunded until the end of the bankruptcy procedure credit institution, which, as we have already noted, will last two years. Therefore, there is no particular reason to run after "hard-earned money" as soon as the bank's license was taken away.

To receive a refund, you need to contact the branch of the credit institution that the DIA has appointed as an agent. For each case, the DIA selects a different bank. You can find out their list on the DIA website in the "Insured events" subsection.

Affected depositor will need documents:

• an application in a special form, filled out on the spot;
• passport (to be precise, you need a document on which the deposit was made, and in most cases this is a passport).

Funds can be paid in cash or transferred to the account specified by the depositor. Money is transferred to entrepreneurs only by bank transfer.

Choosing a bank for placing a large amount

If it is impossible to place savings in several financial institutions, so that each deposit does not exceed 1400000, you must really choose reliable bank... To do this, learn the basics financial analysis(there are plenty of relevant materials on the Internet), learn about the reputation of the bank's management and its owners, follow the information on thematic portals.

Is it worth keeping savings in Sberbank

Many Russians traditionally trust banks with state participation... The logic is simple - if any collapse occurs, then such financial institutions like "" will collapse last. Large banks take advantage of this and offer unprofitable for consumers rates on deposits in comparison with private credit institutions.

In reality, deposit insurance has equalized the degree of reliability of all banks, if, of course, it comes on deposits not exceeding the insured amount. Therefore, when choosing a bank for a deposit, first of all, pay attention to profitability.

What affects the profitability of deposits

The yield on deposits is determined by such factors as the currency of the deposit, its options, the situation on the market and in a particular bank. For example, interest on ruble deposits is always higher than on dollar and euro deposits. If we talk about options, then for deposits with the possibility of partial withdrawal and with preferential terms termination of the contract interest is usually lower.

If the market situation is such that cash"Become more expensive", then bankers increase the yield on deposits. One of the indicators of the "price of money" in the market - base rate Central Bank. For example, in December 2014, the Central Bank sharply increased key rate up to 17%, and credit institutions began to offer citizens and legal entities place money at 20% or more. Also, the yield on deposits depends on the specifics of the work of a particular credit institution ( retail banks are willing to pay more on deposits than banks that specialize in business lending).

How to fix a high level of profitability on a deposit

At certain time periods, interest rates on deposits can increase sharply, as happened in the crisis of 2008 and in December 2014. Here you need to have time to fix the profitability, since the “holiday of rates” will not last long. To ensure long-term high income, you can use the "ladder" of deposits - these are four to five deposits with the possibility of replenishment, which are placed for different periods. When the term of one deposit expires, the money is transferred to the next deposit. This is done several times.

Is tax levied on income from the deposit?

Personal income tax on deposits is paid only when the rate on the ruble deposit exceeds the refinancing rate of the State Bank by more than 10 points (since 2012 - 8.25%), i.e. to collect the tax, the deposit rate must exceed 18.25% per annum. For deposits in foreign currency, personal income tax is taken on the condition that the resulting level of profitability is more than 9% per annum.

Personal income tax is levied only on the difference in interest. When the deposit rate is set, say, at 19%, then under tax base income from 0.75% per annum will fall. The amount of the tax is 35%. All necessary calculations and transfers to the state budget are carried out directly by the bank. The depositor is given a net amount in his hands.

Conditions for deposits must be selected based on the goals of accumulation. If money is saved for a rainy day, then it is wiser to make a deposit with the possibility of withdrawing part of the money. When saving money for a purchase, the option of partial replenishment will be useful. If you are just aiming to make more money, give up the additional options altogether - they lower the rate.

An important issue for every depositor today is the insurance of their deposit... Before investing money, you need to know what amount is subject to insurance, on what conditions, what cases are considered insured, etc. In order not to buy into cheap promises, you need to trust your savings only to trusted banks.

It is also important to take into account that all deposits opened since 2003 with Russian banks are in mandatory insured by the deposit insurance system (CER). A list of banks participating in this system can be found on the official website.

Dear Readers! The article talks about typical solutions legal issues but each case is different. If you want to know how solve exactly your problem- contact a consultant:

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In case, the insured amount on deposits is paid by a special Fund, which assumes the responsibility for formalizing debt obligations on deposits and subsequent work with a bankrupt. As a result, the money is returned to the depositors in full.

The essence of guarantees

The modern deposit insurance system is an integral part of financial insurance... This is a type of guarantee due to monetary and currency changes.

Such insurance is directly related to lending. It was introduced in order to increase the confidence in banks on the part of the depositor. Such insurance makes it possible to protect his interests in the event of insured events.

Depositors' money is the basis of circulating bank funds... While lending is the backbone of banks' profits, deposits are just as important to their operations.

It is depositors who enable banks to carry out large-scale lending. Therefore, banks are primarily interested in attracting funds from investors, but for this they need to have an excellent reputation.

Today, depositary insurance is the optimal guarantee system. It is used to protect the financial interests of depositors. It guarantees the compensation of the deposit after the recognition of the insured event.

The principle of insurance is that banks pay contributions to a special Fund for depositors, and in case of default, it makes payments to depositors.

Personal deposit insurance today required condition for the bank to obtain a license

The main questions

The depositor is entitled to a refund on the deposit from the moment one of the insured events occurs.

Payment cases

Insurance incidents subject to reimbursement on deposits include the following circumstances:

• the bank's license to conduct activities was revoked;
• the CBR moratorium on meeting the requirements of the bank's clients.

From 14.05.2015 G. Gref made a proposal to amend the legislation in order to limit multiple payments insurance compensation on deposits.

The following methods of restrictions have been proposed:

• the insurance indemnity is paid one-time;
• sum of all compensation payments the depositor in the entire history of his cooperation with banks is limited RUB 3,000,000;
• pay out the insurance indemnity Once every 5 years.

But such innovations contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation, since they limit the rights of citizens in terms of investment.

Mandatory share

The DIA regulates the insurance process on the part of banks. The amount of the deposit to be compulsory insurance, is not prescribed by law. When choosing it, proceed from the restrictions established by insurance payments. The law only provides for the types of deposits that can be insured.

Since December 2019, the government had to increase the amount of deposit insurance due to the depreciation of the ruble. Before maximum amount contribution subject to insurance was 700 rbl... And for today - 1,4 000 000 .

In this range, insurance payments in the event of a statutory incident. If the depositor even has several deposits in the same bank, the compensation will not exceed 1,400,000 rubles.

Order

With the question of how to receive compensation for deposits, a citizen has the right to contact the DIA or the agent bank (if appointed) from the moment the insurance incident occurs and until the end of the bankruptcy procedure. If the CBR introduces a moratorium on payments to creditors - until the day of its completion.

The procedure for obtaining compensation involves the following actions:

• filling out the application form (for the amount up to 700,000 rubles. in the event of an insurance incident before December 29, 2014, otherwise - for an amount not exceeding RUB 1,400,000);
• filling out a claim for the same amount;
• provision of an identity document, by which an account was opened in the bank (you can provide them personally, or you can send them by mail).

Payment of compensation for deposits (in accordance with the register bank liabilities in front of clients) produces the DIA within three days from the moment the depositor submits the required package of documents, but only after 14 days after the occurrence of the insurance incident.

The Agency notifies depositors about the time, place, procedure and form of receiving applications from the Agency through publication in the Bank of Russia Bulletin and in the printed edition at the location of the bank.

After the depositor has submitted to the Agency Required documents, he receives an extract from the register of the bank's obligations to investors, where the amount of compensation is indicated.

Reception of applications from depositors and payment of compensations can be made by the DIA through agent banks (on its behalf and at its expense).

Instructions on insurance amounts for deposits

• Everyone is insured today bank deposits... In the event of an insurance incident, they must be compensated within 700,000 rubles... The insurance covers not only sum insured, but also on the interest on the deposit.
• DIA is engaged in deposit insurance without the participation of the depositor.
• Before placing a deposit with a bank, it is important to clarify whether it has a valid license from the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and whether it is a CER participant. Today many structures offer high stakes on deposits, posing as bank.
• Deposits in different branches are considered deposits of the same bank. Refunded within RUB 700,000... In the event of termination of the license of several banks where the depositor has deposited money, the DIA will reimburse losses within RUB 700,000... in proportion to the size of deposits.
• If the license is revoked from the bank, you need to wait for the Agency to select the agent bank, he will be entrusted with the payment of compensation, then submit an application there with a claim for compensation. It can be sent to the DIA by mail. If the amount of payments exceeds RUB 1000, you will need to notarize your signature.
• All money of an individual staying in accounts both within the framework of demand deposits and urgent deposits is reimbursed under the insurance. Investors can return their own funds in current accounts used for budget payments(salaries, pensions, scholarships). According to the new legislation, from 01.01. In 2019, the opportunity to return their deposits also appeared for individual entrepreneurs, with the exception of notaries and lawyers.
• Funds are issued in cash or transferred to the specified account. Payments are made within 1-1.5 years old before the completion of the insolvency procedure. The excitement is observed, as a rule, in the first months.

The deposit insurance system does not apply to:

• savings certificates;
• money given to trust management bank;
• funds on metal accounts (non-identified);
• electronic money;
• deposits placed in foreign branches of Russian banks.

Important! In case of placing a deposit over 700,000 RUB, it is better to invest it in different banks- more guarantees for receiving compensation.

Fixed sizes

The law provides for the following restrictions on insurance compensation:

• if the amount does not exceed 1.4 million rubles, paid 100% from the deposit;
• when a depositor has several deposits in one bank, compensate the amount proportional to the size of each (no more 1.4 million rubles);
• money on escrow accounts (for real estate transactions) is compensated in the amount of 100% of the amount that was on the account at the time of the occurrence of the insured event (if it does not exceed RUB 10,000,000). Refunds are paid separately for these accounts.

When the depositor has deposits in different banks, each individual is subject to compensation.

Currency deposits are converted upon compensation at the rate of the Central Bank of Russia. Interest on deposits is not compensated, except for deposits with capitalization, for which the amount of compensation in excess of payment is added (capitalized interest). They are counted until the entry into force of the corresponding decision of the DIA.

All commercial banks operating in the Russian Federation must guarantee the safety of individual deposits. To ensure this mechanism, the Deposit Insurance System (CER) operates. Its managing link is DIA agency for deposit insurance.

This is necessary in order to ensure the confidence of depositors in the possibility of receiving the funds accumulated and invested in banks, even if the license of the latter is canceled.

What is TCO and how does it work?

The insurance system is a mechanism that ensures the safety of funds placed on deposit accounts of individuals. If the bank has problems with solvency or the license is revoked, depositors' money is returned to their accounts in the form of compensation.

Banks participating in CERs regularly pay contributions, which are used to support the operation of the mechanism. To connect to this mechanism, a financial institution must go through the accreditation procedure. That is why the very fact of a bank's participation in this system speaks of its stability and increases the chances that you will not have to think about the process of obtaining compensation.

DIA is the guarantor of the operation of this system. It is it who is responsible for compliance with all insurance rules, calculation and accrual of compensations when appropriate cases occur. Themselves DIA payments for the convenience of depositors, it is carried out by means of state agent banks.

In the event of an insured event specified by law, it is necessary to apply to the specified organization with a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation at any time before the bankruptcy procedure is completed. There, the depositor must fill out an appropriate application. After that, the payment amount will be calculated and funds will be received on the account specified in the application within 3 days. The indemnity procedure begins 14 days after the occurrence of the insured event.

Maximum amount of insurance compensation in 2017

• In 2017, the upper limit of insurance compensation for deposits of individuals in commercial banks that turned out to be insolvent is 1.4 million rubles.
• If the depositor has opened accounts in 2 or more banks, then the maximum amount of compensation is 1.4 million for each bank where the accounts are opened.
• If you and your family members have opened different accounts with the same bank, then the compensation also covers the amount of up to 1.4 million rubles for each of them.

What savings are insured

CER applies to ruble and foreign currency deposits individuals, their funds on current accounts. Also, since 2014, this system covers deposits and other accounts. individual entrepreneurs.

• deposits certified by a passbook or bearer certificate;
• accounts of lawyers and notaries intended for carrying out specialization activities;
• deposits in foreign divisions and subsidiaries of Russian banks;
• amounts transferred to management commercial bank;
• money placed in the form of metal unallocated accounts;
• funds deposited in the form of electronic money.

How is the amount of compensation calculated?

DIA assumes full reimbursement of balances on deposits opened with the bank in the amount of up to 1.4 million rubles. Not only the principal amount is paid, but also the interest accrued under the agreement concluded with the bank. It doesn't matter if you have 2 or 10 accounts open, all of them are covered by the insurance system.

If the amount of the depositor's account balances in the bank exceeds 1.4 million rubles, then the compensation is calculated proportionally. For example:

• 1 account stored 2 million rubles;
• on the 2nd account 800 thousand rubles;
• 1 million rubles will be paid for 1 invoice, 2,400 thousand rubles each.

If the account was opened in foreign currency, the amount of the balance is recalculated at the rate set by the Central Bank on the day of the insured event, and is paid in Russian rubles.

On December 29, 2014, President Vladimir Putin signed a law increasing state guarantees for deposits of individuals (and individual entrepreneurs) up to 1.4 million rubles. Previously, there was a limit of 700 thousand rubles.

The new limit applies only to banks whose licenses were revoked after the entry into force of the Law (date of official publication; actually from January 2015). The sum insured includes not only time deposits, but also funds for conventional bank accounts.

As before, foreign currency deposits (in dollars, euros and other currencies) are returned in rubles at the exchange rate of the Central Bank as of the date of revocation of the license. In addition to the principal amount of the deposit, the calculation of the compensation includes the interest that "ran up" during the time the funds were actually in the deposit.

Below is the full text of the law:

Federal Law of December 29, 2014 N 451-fz "On Amendments to Article 11 Federal law"On insurance of deposits of individuals in banks Russian Federation"And Article 46 of the Federal Law" On Central Bank Russian Federation (Bank of Russia) "

Adopted by the State Duma on December 19, 2014
Approved by the Federation Council on December 25, 2014

Article 1.
Introduce into Article 11 of the Federal Law of December 23, 2003

Federation "(Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2003, N 52,
Art. 5029; 2006, N 31, Art. 3449; 2007, N 12, Art. 1350; 2008, N 42,
Art. 4699; 2013, N 52, Art. 6975) the following changes:
1) in part 2, the words "700,000 rubles" shall be replaced by the words "1,400,000
rubles ";
2) in part 3, the first sentence shall be stated as follows: “If
the depositor has several deposits in the same bank, the refund is paid
for each of the deposits in proportion to their size, but not more than 1,400,000
rubles in aggregate. "

Article 2.
Article 46 of the Federal Law of July 10, 2002 N 86-FZ "On
Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia) "(Collection
legislation of the Russian Federation, 2002, N 28, art. 2790; 2008, N 42,
Art. 4696; 44, Art. 4982; 2009, N 1, Art. 25; 2010, N 45, Art. 5756; 2011,
N 7, Art. 907; 2012, N 53, Art. 7591; 2013, N 30, Art. 4084; 49, Art. 6336;
No. 52, Art. 6975) add part six as follows:
"In order to maintain stability banking system and protection
the legitimate interests of depositors and creditors Bank of Russia on the basis of
decisions of the Board of Directors are entitled to provide subordinated loans
(deposits, loans, bonded loans) to an open joint stock company
Sberbank of Russia, complying with the requirements of Article 25.1 of the Federal
of the Law "On Banks and banking", In a size not exceeding
size own funds(capital) of Sberbank of Russia as of January 1, 2015
years, the interest rate for which is determined in accordance with
Clause 5 of Part 1 of Article 3 of the Federal Law "On Amendments to
Article 11 of the Federal Law “On Insurance of Individuals' Deposits in
banks of the Russian Federation "and Article 46 of the Federal Law" On
The Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia) "."

Article 3.
1. In order to maintain the stability of the banking system and protect
legitimate interests of depositors and creditors of banks The Agency for
deposit insurance (hereinafter referred to as the Agency) has the right to take measures to
increasing the capitalization of banks, with the exception of open joint stock
Society "Sberbank of Russia", by transferring federal loan bonds,
contributed by the Russian Federation to the Agency's property as
property contribution, in subordinated loans and (or) by payment
such bonds of subordinated bonded loans (hereinafter -
subordinated bonds) of banks while observing
following conditions:
1) subordinated loans, subordinated bonds
meet the conditions determined by the Federal Law "On Banks and
banking activity ";
2) the amount of the bank's own funds meets the requirements for
the minimum amount of equity (capital) established
Federal Law "On Banks and Banking Activities" as of January 1, 2015
of the year;
3) the total par value of federal loan bonds,
which are transferred to a subordinated bank loan and (or) which
subordinated bonds of the bank are paid, does not exceed 100
percent of the amount of own funds (capital) of such a bank for
as of January 1, 2015;
4) the term for the provision of a subordinated loan to the bank and (or) the term
the maturity of the bank's subordinated bonds cannot exceed the maturity
repayment of federal loan bonds transferred to the Agency as
property contribution of the Russian Federation;
5) the size of the interest rate of the subordinated loan,
provided to the bank, and (or) coupon yield on subordinated
bank bonds cannot be less than the amount of the coupon yield on
federal loan bonds transferred to the Agency as
property contribution of the Russian Federation.
2. Income received by the Agency under contracts of subordinated
loans and subordinated bonds of banks provided for by this
article, are subject to separate accounting and annually in the manner prescribed
by the Board of Directors of the Agency, are fully transferred to income
federal budget.
3. The procedure and conditions for placing the property contribution by the Agency in
subordinated loans and (or) subordinated bonds in
in accordance with this article are established by the board of directors
Agencies.
4. When banks issue subordinated bonds in accordance with
this article, the rules of paragraph 2 of article 34 of the Federal Law of 26
December 1995 N 208-FZ "On joint stock companies"In terms of responsibilities
pay for emission securities money alone does not apply.
5. The agency publishes on the official website in
information and telecommunication network "Internet" information about banks,
who received subordinated loans from the Agency or
subordinated bonds of which were paid by the Agency with bonds
federal loan, as well as the total par value of bonds
federal loan, lent and (or) as payment, term
repayment of a subordinated loan or repayment of subordinated
bonds and interest rate on a subordinated loan or coupon
rate of subordinated bonds. The specified information is not posted
later than five working days from the date of transfer to a subordinated loan
federal loan bonds or payment of subordinated bonds by them
jar.

Article 4.
1. This Federal Law shall enter into force on the day of its
official publication.
2. Provisions of Article 11 of the Federal Law of December 23, 2003
177-ФЗ "On insurance of deposits of individuals in banks of the Russian
Federation "(as amended by this Federal Law) apply to
banks, the insured event in respect of which occurred after the day
the entry into force of this Federal Law.
3. The provisions of the second paragraph of clause 2 of article 18994 and clause 10 of article
189.96 Federal Law of October 26, 2002 N 127-FZ "On
insolvency (bankruptcy) "are not applied in settlements with
creditors credit institutions in respect of which the insured event
came after the date of entry into force of this Federal Law.

President of the Russian Federation V. Putin