How can you open your own bank. How to open your own bank in Russia: step by step instructions and required documents

To open a bank, you need to have a starting capital of about 500 million rubles, understand banking and be ready to face serious competition in the market. The decision-making process of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on issuing a license for this type of activity may take up to six months. And return capital investment the founder of a financial institution will be able not earlier than in 5 years.

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What bank can be opened?

Created financial institution may provide a full range of services or specialize in issuing loans, attracting deposits or performing other operations.

Classification of banking organizations:

Services

List of operations performed by financial and credit organizations:

Relevance

Reasons for the attractiveness of business in the banking sector:

1. Profitability and profitability. With the right approach, an entrepreneur can quickly recoup (in about five years) and multiply a considerable initial investment.
2. Perspective. The services of financial institutions are in great demand, their range is expanding along with the growth of customer needs and the development of scientific and technological progress.
3. Kudos. A banker is an elite profession, so having your own credit organization is very status.
4. A wide range of activities. An entrepreneur can independently determine the format of the business, its target audience, assortment, geography of work, etc.

Description and analysis of the market

Characteristics of the Russian banking sector economy:

1. According to Central Bank, as of February 2017, 572 financial and credit institutions were registered in Russia.
2. The market is highly competitive.
3. According to the survey, 63% of Russian citizens use the services of one financial institution, 22% use two, and 5% use three.
4. Over the past five years bank loan used by about 40% of the population.
5. About 20% of the country's citizens have high loan repayments, they account for more than 30% of the total family budget. Approximately 8% of people give away more than half of their income to pay off their debt to the bank. However, 32% of the population with credit debt, pay amounts not exceeding 10% of their monthly earnings.
6. Every fourth borrower faced the problem of the impossibility of making loan repayments on time.
7. 27% of people confirmed that they have savings in the form of: bank deposit, cumulative insurance policy, stocks, bonds and other securities.
8. Growing in popularity consumer credit. Approximately every tenth citizen intends to use it.
9. Bank deposits are in third place in terms of popularity/reliability after investing in real estate and gold/jewelry.
10. The mortgage market leader is OJSC Sberbank, its share at the beginning of 2015 was 47.5%.
11. The percentage of non-cash payments is increasing (from 5% in 2013 to 16% in 2015). Most often, this method was paid for: mobile connection, Internet, television, taxes, fines, loans.
12. Leading market player credit cards- Sberbank OJSC (according to the data for the second quarter of 2016, it occupies 41.1%).

Photo gallery

The main participants of the mortgage market Leading market players consumer lending Methods of investing money according to the degree of reliability Credit card market leaders Percentage of loans outstanding on time in total loans/loans (excluding VTB, Sberbank, Bank of Moscow) The level of use of banking services by respondents, percentage of all respondents

The target audience

The client of a financial and credit institution can be both an individual and an organization / enterprise.

Portrait of a typical user banking services:

Competitive advantages

The strengths of the bank should be the following points:

• positive image;
• favorable credit products;
• high interest rates on deposits;
• thoughtful pricing policy;
• good reputation of major shareholders;
• competitive and balanced range of services;
• high quality of the provided service;
• a sufficient amount of authorized capital/assets, guaranteeing the security of customer deposits;
• the presence of a currency / general license;
• stable customer base;
• extensive correspondent network;
• a sufficient number of ATMs in different parts of the city;
• thoughtful marketing campaign;
• optimal branch network;
• the required qualifications of key employees and senior management;
• friendly service;
• lack of queues;
• Individual approach to each client;
• good material base;
• focus on the wishes / requests of customers;
• introduction of new types of operations/services;
• availability of Internet banking, corporate website, mobile application etc.
• thoughtful infrastructure;
• convenient location of offices, ATMs, etc.

Advertising campaign

The development and implementation of the bank's marketing program should be carried out by a professional firm or/and full-time specialists.

• make the organization recognizable among a large target audience;
• convince potential users of the reliability of the company;
• create a sufficient customer base;
• form a positive opinion among the target audience of the bank, etc.

Marketing program activities:

• development and promotion of a memorable brand, logo, etc.;
• creation of outdoor signs/banners;
• printing of leaflets, business cards, brochures, posters, calendars, notepads, etc.;
• placement of advertising information on boards, billboards, superboards, arches, banners, lightboxes, LED screens, on public transport, etc.;
• broadcasting ads on television and radio, in newspapers and magazines;
• development of special offers for organizations, government agencies, small and large businesses;
• formation of a bonus and discount program;
• creation of a modern, informative and functional portal on the Internet, mobile offers, groups in popular social networks;
• acting as a sponsor of various mass events (for example, in the field of sports and culture);
• organization advertising campaign on the Web (often used contextual, targeted and teaser).

To implement the above measures, at the initial stage of operation, an average-sized bank will need an amount of about 500-600 thousand rubles. Monthly expenses for marketing will amount to approximately 100,000–150,000 rubles.

The video is devoted to the problem of organizing electronic marketing for banking institutions. Shot by the channel "Completo - System Electronic Marketing".

Step-by-step instructions for opening

Estimated step-by-step instruction to open your own bank:

1. Market analysis, as well as evaluation of competitors and the list of services provided.
2. The study of legislative norms and rules of functioning in this field of activity.
3. The choice of business format and its focus.
4. Formation of a preliminary business project of the future commercial bank.
5. Determination of own opportunities for the development of the organization and its management.
6. Selection of partners / co-founders, their verification (reputation, no criminal record, no debts to the state for taxes and other payments).
7. Resolution of the issue concerning the size of the authorized capital and its structure.
8. Choosing the optimal organizational form for business.
9. Search for a name for the bank being created.
10. Determination of the organization's management structure.
11. Selection of the main, managerial, auxiliary and service personnel.
12. Preparation of documents for subsequent registration.
13. Selection of locations for the location of the main office, bank representative offices, installation of ATMs, etc.
14. Legal registration of business activities and obtaining permits (including licenses).
15. Preparation of premises (re-planning, construction and repair work) and installation of purchased equipment.
16. Conducting advertising campaigns.
17. Grand opening of the bank.

Documents and licenses

Key issues that arise in the process of registering a banking organization:

1. Before opening, you need to come up with a name for a financial institution. After a suitable brand is formed, an agreement on the foundation of the bank is signed. At the next stage, a request is sent to the Licensing Department of the Central Bank on the possibility of using an abbreviated and full name(in Russian). Within five days, a response will be received on the admissibility of using the proposed name.
2. Organizations and individuals can act as founders. In the next three years after registration, the founders of the bank are not allowed to leave the number of participants.
3. In accordance with the laws of the Russian Federation, the registration of a legal entity is required to establish a financial institution. Here the entrepreneur has to choose the organizational form for his business. It can be an LLC, a public joint-stock company or a non-public one. Having gone through all the procedures for organizing a bank in stages, the Central Bank of Russia issues a Certificate of its state registration.
4. OKVED code - 64.19 “Other monetary intermediation”, 64.92 “Granting loans and other types of credit”.

The list of documents for the establishment of a financial institution is presented in Instructions of the Bank of Russia dated 02.04.10, No. 135-I. Its full title is "On the procedure for the Central Bank to make a decision on the state registration of credit organizations and the issuance of licenses for banking services."

A package of constituent and other documents for the creation of a financial and credit institution:

• a statement expressing a desire to open a bank;
• articles of association;
• a business plan (when developing it, the recommendations provided in Bank of Russia Ordinance No. 1176-U dated July 5, 2002 “On Business Plans of Credit Institutions” are taken into account);
• a contract for the lease of premises or papers confirming the ownership of them;
• payment receipt state duty;
• founding documents;
• protocol with general meeting board of directors (this reflects the decision of the participants on the creation of the bank, its name, approval of the charter, business plan, etc.);
• documents evidencing the availability of financial capabilities of the founders of the bank to form the authorized capital (including confirmation of the sources of origin Money);
• papers confirming the compliance of the institution being created with the standards of the Central Bank (including certificates for equipment, a scheme of premises, a license from a security company, an insurance company);
• petition to the antimonopoly authority for the registration of the bank (a copy of the positive opinion is provided to the Central Bank);
• documents required for the issue of shares (when registering a JSC);
• a list of founders in writing, questionnaires of candidates for the positions of the head, chief accountant, his deputy;
• a written description of each member of the board of directors, confirming their compliance with the established requirements.

The tax inspectorate will enter the institution in the register of credit organizations only after receiving a positive opinion from the Banking Supervision Committee.

The Central Bank of Russia carries out licensing activities for financial and credit institutions. The issued document contains a list of banking transactions permitted for execution, its validity period is not limited. The currency/s in which transactions can be performed are also indicated here.

Depending on which license is issued, the following restrictions on working with are possible:

• various currencies;
• precious metals;
• foreign banks;
• certain categories of legal entities/individuals, etc.

The decision to issue a license can be received by the founders within six months from the date of receipt of the securities of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. After the owners are informed of the positive result of the consideration of documents, they must pay the amount of the authorized capital in full. It will be kept on a correspondent account with the Bank of Russia. Its amount is strictly regulated and cannot be less than 300 million rubles. The license is issued within three days after the payment of the entire amount of the declared authorized capital.

To carry out transactions in the national and foreign currencies the bank requires a general license. In this case, the budget of the financial institution should be more than 900 million rubles.

In addition to the formation of the authorized capital, bankers will be required to:

• create a reserve fund;
• classify assets;
• strictly comply with the norms of the provisions of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

Since the process of preparing documents requires certain skills, knowledge and time, the founders of the bank can seek help from third-party organizations. In this case, considerable funds will be required to pay for the services of an intermediary.

Room and design

To organize the work of a credit institution, the following main premises are required:

• head office;
• bank branches;
• area for the installation of ATMs.

When choosing a location for the central office, special attention should be paid to the following criteria:

• proximity to the city center;
• room area from 150 square meters;
• the possibility of placing a sign in a conspicuous place;
• location near a major transport hub (metro, bus stops, etc.);
• good entrance;
• availability of ample parking;
• proximity to large shopping centers / business centers or other objects of mass congestion of people.

Office space can be bought (the cost varies depending on the region from 8 to 20 million rubles) or rented. Most often, entrepreneurs acquire a building for the bank's board of directors, and rent other areas.

The central office of a universal financial institution usually has the following departments:

• work with corporate clients;
• for servicing organizations/enterprises;
• work with individuals;
• back office;
• cash point;
• acquiring;
• money vault;
• collection;
• depository.

The office must ensure the uninterrupted operation of all engineering systems:

• Internet;
• lighting;
• electrical equipment;
• heating;
• ventilation;
• conditioning;
• telephony;
• water supply;
• sewers, etc.

To organize bank branches in different districts of the city, region and country, premises of 50-80 square meters will be needed.

Features of the design of the premises of a commercial institution:

• tracking corporate style in the interior and equipment of all bank branches;
• associating the design of the premises and showcases with the logo of the organization and its brand name;
• the similarity of the interior of each representative office of a credit institution;
• informative design (due to the selection of paint colors on the walls, the lines of the interior itself, the correct arrangement of lighting, furniture, etc.);
• comfortable working conditions for employees of the organization (not causing drowsiness, passivity or aggression);
• the absence of annoying colors in the interior, heavy volumes and an emotional barrier;
• functional zoning and proper planning (for example, through the creation of closed/open spaces, secluded areas for consultations/negotiations, waiting areas, etc.);
• conciseness and lack of excessive decoration;
• use in modern design finishing materials(for example, natural wood or stone).

The bank premises must:

• inspire confidence in his clients;
• evoke a sense of security in its visitors;
• win over potential users of banking services;
• attract new consumers.

Photo gallery

Interior Design Example #1 Interior Design Example #2 Interior Design Example #3 Interior Design Example #4 Interior Design Example #5 Interior Design Example #6

Equipment and inventory

Equipping a financial and credit institution (head office, five branches and ten places for installing ATMs):

Photo gallery

ATM - 400,000 rubles Safe for the office - 13,000 rubles Bill counter - 30,000 rubles Universal currency detector - 20,000 rubles Pack shaper - 23,000 rubles Mini-ATS - 30,000 rubles Trolley for money - 15,000 rubles Document shredder - 30,000 rubles

Structural divisions and personnel

Organizational structure of the bank (for one main office and five branches):

The organizational structure of the bank may differ depending on:

• license type;
• scale of the bank (number of branches);
• direction of the business and its format;
• range of banking services provided, etc.

Basic requirements for candidates for senior positions in a credit institution:

• higher profile education (economic/legal);
• absence of convictions/offenses for crimes in the financial/commercial sphere;
• ability to negotiate, communication skills;
• good references from a previous job;
• competence and responsibility;
• organizational skills;
• experience in a management position in a financial structure;
• high moral character;
• emotional-volitional character;
• the ability to maintain one's authority;
• the ability to criticize and accept criticism, as well as to punish and encourage.

Key requirements for the main employees of the bank:

• higher education in the profile of the position held;
• no criminal record;
• availability of certificates/certificates on completion of advanced training courses;
• work experience in the specialty;
• responsibility;
• punctuality;
• attentiveness;
• sociability.

To organize high-quality protection of the bank's premises, the founder should choose a private security agency with a good reputation. Legal services can also be outsourced.

Financial plan

Initial information for financial planning banking organization from scratch:

How much does it cost to open a bank?

Initial investment in your own banking business:

To open a bank that will operate throughout the country, several billion rubles will need to be invested in the business.

Where to get money?

Possible sources of money to open a bank:

• own funds (this is the main resource);
• attraction of private investors/co-founders;
• bank loan (in the presence of collateral and guarantors).

Recurring costs

Regular monthly bank maintenance costs:

The amount of annual expenses for organizing the work of a financial and credit institution will be 7,190 thousand rubles.

Income

The calculation of the efficiency parameters of the bank's business project was made on the basis of the following data:

Main financial indicators project:

Calendar plan

Key stages in the implementation of a business project for opening a bank from scratch:

Risks and payback

Classification of risks associated with the activities of the bank:

The payback of funds invested in the creation of the bank will occur in 56–60 months from the date of its launch.

Ekaterin Sergey is in touch. For some time he worked as the head of the credit department in a bank and eventually decided to open his own business. To begin with, I found a ready-made business plan for the bank, carefully studied it, analyzed the prospects and risks. We managed to find good investors and eventually implement the project.

What's good about banking?

Why do many entrepreneurs aim to open a bank? - Everything is very simple - they understand how profitable this event is. Opening such a business is a profitable business, but only with a competent approach and the availability of initial investments.

This type of business is very profitable, but it is very difficult to enter it. It is necessary to make significant financial injections, the total amount of which can be from 100 million rubles or more. In addition, it is necessary to have good connections and rich experience in this field.

What is your bank?

This is a financial institution that provides a range of services to individuals and businesses (making payments, servicing credit and debit cards, processing deposits, and so on).

Control over the activities of the bank and regulation of intra-banking processes is the task of the Central Bank.

Recently, commercial financial institutions have been very popular, providing a wide range of services - issuing loans, selling securities, opening (maintaining) accounts, and so on. But here it is worthwhile to conduct business planning in a commercial bank and strictly follow the plan.

What should be the format?

Today, five types of banks can be distinguished - retail, settlement, market, credit and financial; the latter are more focused on interbank cooperation.

You have two options - choose one of the groups listed above or create a universal financial institution with the union of several types of banks.

But keep in mind that the complex option is the most difficult to implement. To simplify the task, you can study the bank's business plan, an example that you can definitely find on the network.

How to determine the legal basis?

It's no secret that when conducting banking need a license.

You will have to run around to sign a number of agreements, obtain licenses and constituent documents.

What papers are required?

The list is very wide - licenses to conduct banking operations, to work with precious metals, as well as to conduct depository activities.

In addition, you will need a permit from the State Customs Committee, which gives the right to act as a guarantor at customs, a registration certificate that will make it possible to carry out transactions with precious metals, attract deposits, conduct transactions with stones, and also act as a guarantor before the customs authorities.

But that's not all. You must register with the tax office and receive your TIN.
Costs for registration of licenses - from 200,000 rubles.

What services can a bank provide?

As soon as all the documents are in hand (licenses, certificates and certificates), you can proceed to the next step - the formation of the services of your financial and credit institution.

To make it easier to decide, we will highlight the main services - settlements, opening and servicing accounts, cash collection, settlement and cash services, money transfers, foreign exchange and depositary operations, providing financial advice, lending, leasing, providing bank guarantees etc.

In addition, your bank can be engaged in transferring funds, conducting operations on the stock exchange, executing orders from brokers and travelers checks, foreign exchange transactions.

Where should the office be?

To begin with, it is enough to open one office, but over time, at least 5-6 branches should appear in your city. As the business expands, you can open branches throughout the country.

The optimal location of the bank is near transport interchanges, large retail outlets, and markets.

Under the main office, it is better to buy a room with an area of ​​​​100 square meters, make the appropriate repairs, install the necessary equipment, organize jobs, and so on.

The cost of purchase and re-equipment - from 3 million rubles. At the initial stage, you can get by with rent - from 2,000 rubles per square meter.
To open branches, the usual rental of premises with subsequent repairs is suitable.

Who to hire from the staff?

One of the most important and complex issues is hiring staff. For the first time for cash settlements you can take graduates of financial universities and allow them to work after completing internships and training.

For more serious positions, it is desirable to hire people with work experience. You will need a manager (possibly a deputy), heads of bank departments (customer service, SB, credit department, and so on), specialists, 2-3 accountants, referents, and so on.

At first, you can get by with 10-20 employees. Over time, the state will have to expand.

We must not forget that the staff must be trained, which will lead to additional costs- from 100,000 rubles per year.

The average salary of bank employees is from 20,000 rubles per month.

Table of the total number of banks in the context federal districts Russia

What equipment is needed for a bank?

Opening a bank requires the purchase of specialized equipment - a currency detector, banknote sorters, banknote counters, payment terminals, cash equipment, POS terminals, and so on.

In addition, you will need to equip workplace every worker. Here you will need tables, computers, telephones, stationery. Of the additional costs - certification of banking equipment, without which it is often impossible to make payment transactions and serve customers.

The total cost of purchasing and setting up equipment is from a million rubles.

Is advertising necessary?

This may require organizing advertising in public transport, pasting leaflets, issuing special brochures, opening your own representative offices in various cities of Russia, ordering advertising on radio and TV, creating a high-quality website on the network (mandatory).

Table of potential consumers of banking services in Russia

Where to get money?

Probably, the key question is where to get the necessary amount for the implementation of their plans. Obtaining permits, renting an office, purchasing banking equipment, advertising costs, payment wages employees, maintenance of banking equipment - all this requires certain costs.

The main option is to attract investors to the project. But for this, one cannot do without a clear business plan, an understanding of the business structure and optimization of business processes in the bank, the ability to prove the prospects of the project and present this information.

The alternative is a bank loan. But this is only possible if there is expensive real estate behind the soul that can act as collateral.

Video interview with Ivan Svitek, Chairman of the Board of Home Credit Bank

What additional services will be required?

There should be security guards in every department. Here you can maintain your own service or hire representatives of third-party organizations. Costs - from 50 thousand rubles per month.

There should be legal support - from 50 thousand rubles a month.

The security system is one of the most important moments in the functioning of the bank - from 500 thousand rubles (video surveillance system, safes, turnstiles, and so on).

General results

Let's summarize:

• Initial opening costs - from 100 million rubles;
• Registration of licenses - from 500 thousand rubles;
• Security system - from 100,000 rubles;
• Purchase of an office and refurbishment - from 3 million rubles;
• Purchase of equipment for the main office and branches - from 1 million rubles;
• Advertising - from 100,000 rubles per month;
• Legal support - from 50,000 rubles per month;
• Protection of objects - from 50,000 rubles per month;
• Payment and training of personnel - from 400 thousand rubles per month;
• Payback - from one year to five years.

What are the conclusions?

If you have a desire to open a business such as a bank, then be prepared for high costs and risks. But with the right organization, you can expect good income.

In any case, before opening a bank, it is necessary to conduct market research, think over a business plan, and make a forecast of possible changes in the financial and economic sphere.

Of course, any forecast is relative, because the banking sector directly depends on the political situation in the state, and it is already very difficult to predict this.

A financial institution that works with enterprises, organizations, individuals, providing services for making payments and any other money transactions, is called a bank.

Banking in Russia

The first banks in Russia began to appear in the 18th century during the reign of Empress Anna Ioannovna. First, Noble loan banks were opened, which were later transformed into State banks. The time has come when commercial financial institutions also appeared. They became popular after the abolition of serfdom, and have not lost their significance to this day.

The main number of Russian banks are included in the system compulsory insurance accounts. In our country, in addition to Russian banks, there are also banks with foreign financing.

What do you need to open your bank

First, you first need to decide whether this enterprise is profitable - to open your own bank. Yes, it brings high income, of course, if you know how to manage it. Secondly, get acquainted with the legal framework and federal laws.

To get started you need:

• draw up a business plan;
• raise start-up capital;
• find a room;
• approve the charter.

Step-by-step instruction

1. Decide what kind of financial institution you want to open: credit, market, settlement, retail or aimed at interbank relations. Although all this can be combined in one universal form, which will attract customers much more than all previously named.
2. Engage in the formation of a legal framework, for this you need:
   • become a fiscal and tax account;
   • issue and obtain a number of licenses - a general one for conducting banking operations (issued by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation) in the securities market (from the Federal Commission of the relevant market), for working with precious metals (according to the Charter);
   • permission to act as a guarantor before customs institutions (contact the Customs Committee);
   • certificate confirming registration (in the Central State Inspectorate for Assay Supervision).
3. Prepare a full range of services for future customers:
   • you will be able to open and maintain accounts;
   • conduct payment transactions, settlements;
   • provide for collection;
   • offer cash and non-cash form currency transactions;
   • money transfers without opening an account;
   • work with deposits, bank cards;
   • qualified advice.
4. Once again, review the articles of laws on authorized capital - the corresponding amount plus documents confirming the legality of this money.
5. Think about who will be the founders of your bank - always with a good reputation, first of all, without a criminal record.
6. Also, seek legal advice on the choice of organizational form - LLC, AEO, CJSC.
7. When drawing up a memorandum of association, do not forget to choose a name for your offspring.
8. Negotiate charter and business strategy with partners.
9. Select employees: managers, managers, cashiers, operators, etc.
10. Go to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, having with you:
    • application for registration of a commercial bank;
    • an agreement between the co-founders and the policy of the credit institution set out on paper;
    • personal files on all co-founders and managers of the bank;
    • an agreement on the lease of premises, with confirmation of the fulfillment of requirements for the location of the future location of a commercial bank;
    • receipts for payment of state duty and license fee.
11. Your documents will be left with a specialist for consideration (whether you are able to open a bank), which will last about a month, during which you need to pay the entire amount of the authorized capital.

After reading all the above points, you understand that you cannot pull such an enterprise, then you can open an office that provides Financial services- microcredit.

Many people believe banking business the old-fashioned way is not very promising due to the frequent revocation of licenses, therefore, they predict the growth of electronic banks with the provision of a wide range of services via the Internet (even from a mobile phone).

* Calculations use average data for Russia

The banking sector is notable for its complexity, and although it is a very profitable area, few people can do business here. The main limitations are significant work experience and knowledge and very large investments.

True, there are some credit institutions that are not banks, and their launch requires much less effort and funds, however, a full-fledged bank can be opened in most cases only by a team of specialists who are not limited in the budget. Peculiarities Russian legislation lead to the fact that today it is much easier and faster to buy a ready-made and operating bank than to open a new one and obtain all the permits for it.

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However, this does not stop some entrepreneurs, and sometimes opening your own bank is simply necessary, because it becomes a subsidiary organization that helps in servicing the main enterprise. It is profitable to invest money in banks, the payback period is on average 5 years, which for such large-scale project very good indicator. In any case, open your own bank today in Russia is possible. But is it necessary?

The competition in this area is really very big, today there are many large banks, as well as many smaller ones, so the population does not lack the offer of banking services. On the other hand, there are several types of banks that provide completely different services, and the most common are those that work only with individuals and offer them the full range of possible services. At the same time, those banks that are engaged in some other operations are also needed, so a novice entrepreneur can choose a direction for himself that most fully reflects his ambitions and aspirations.

It is customary to single out two or three categories of banks, but at the same time such a division applies only to private commercial banks, the central bank is engaged not only in the provision of banking services, but also in the regulation of the banking sector in general. Universal Banks- these are just those who are in the majority, they work in all directions, investment banks The main direction of their activity was chosen to be the investment of funds in promising areas of human activity, most often they are engaged in investing in securities. There are also savings banks, which are created to attract free cash from the population and legal entities. Also, the division can take place on some other grounds, so there is banking structures who deal only with lending. We should not forget about interbank structures that are created to cooperate with many credit institutions to simplify their interaction. From a legal point of view, the bank must obtain a license that will provide an exhaustive list of ongoing operations, and it will be possible to change it only once every two years. In this way, one can find a niche in which there is some lack of participants, and fill it, helping to support the functioning of this entire complex system.

To get started, registration of the subject entrepreneurial activity. Usually banks are opened as joint-stock companies (open or closed, there are no restrictions on this under the law). The activity of the bank falls under one or more definitions in the classifier (OKPD 2) 64 Financial services, except for insurance and pension provision. After registration, you need to send information about the bank and its name to the Main Territorial Administration for your region, without coordinating the issue with this department, there is no point in further applying for a license. Already at this stage, it is necessary to have sufficient authorized capital for payment, the GTU checks the entrepreneur's ability to dispose of such amounts.

It also checks financial history enterprises, and check not only the organization itself, but also all its founders. If the founders did not provide any information about their financial transactions, then you can say goodbye to the possibility of obtaining a license in the future. Now consider the size of the authorized capital for banks and various non-banking credit organizations. It is clearly spelled out in the law: Minimum size of the authorized capital of a newly registered bank on the day of filing an application for state registration and issuance of a license for banking operations is set at 300 million rubles. Moreover, this amount was recently increased and previously amounted to only 180 million.

It is somewhat easier to open other types of organizations: “The minimum amount of the authorized capital of a newly registered non-bank credit institution applying for a license providing for the right to make settlements on behalf of legal entities, including correspondent banks, on their bank accounts, as of the date of filing an application for state registration and issuance of a license for banking operations is established in the amount of 90 million rubles. The minimum amount of the authorized capital of a newly registered non-bank credit institution applying for a license for non-bank credit institutions entitled to carry out money transfers without opening bank accounts and other banking operations related to them, as of the date of filing an application for state registration and issuance of a license to carry out banking operations is set at 18 million rubles. The minimum amount of the authorized capital of a newly registered non-banking credit organization that does not apply for the said licenses, as of the day of filing an application for state registration and issuance of a banking license, is set at 18 million rubles.

Ready-made ideas for your business

After checking all the information in the gas turbine, the data is transferred to central bank, where they are also carefully checked, while the entrepreneur will most likely be required to attach additional documents. But the tests do not end there either, after the documents are sent to the Banking Supervision Committee, where the possibility of registering a new commercial bank is being considered. If the answer is positive, the data is transferred to tax office, where the newly-minted bank is entered in the register of credit organizations. The bank has a month left to deposit the authorized capital into the account. The initial, standard and in any case mandatory package of documents for registering a bank:

Statement;

Constituent documents;

Business plan;

Minutes of the general meeting of founders;

Documents confirming the payment of the state fee;

Certified copies of supporting documents state registration founders;

Questionnaires of candidates for the positions of the head, chief accountant and their deputies;

Auditor's reports about reliability financial reporting founders (for legal entities); documents confirming the sources of origin of funds contributed by the founders (for individuals);

Documents required for the preparation of an opinion on the compliance of the credit institution with the requirements for cash transactions;

A copy of the document issued by the federal antimonopoly body and confirming the satisfaction of the application for giving consent to the creation of a credit institution;

Documents required for registration of the first issue of shares of a credit institution, if it is created in the form joint-stock company;

A complete list of the founders of a credit institution on paper.

To greatly simplify your task, you can contact a specialized company that provides assistance in obtaining licenses, however, the specialists of this company will require a lot of money for their services, and no one can guarantee a license: the Central Bank may refuse to register and issue a license for many reasons and in any case will be right. The type of license is also chosen, there are many types, and there may be restrictions on the ability to work with currencies and precious metals, to work with foreign banks, to raise funds from certain categories of individuals and legal entities. Separately, the possibility of participating in the deposit insurance system is prescribed.

Third-party companies can help draw up a business plan, collect and correctly execute all documents, perhaps slightly reduce the waiting time for answers due to established relations with regulatory authorities, but you should not count on more. On the other hand, people decide to register their bank, who are sure that it is worth it and that they will be able to go through all the complex procedures and agree with all representatives. But we must repeat: today it is much easier to buy a ready-made bank than to register a new one. And sometimes even cheaper.

Ready-made ideas for your business

It can be understood at this stage that minimum amount the starting capital for opening your own bank is about half a billion rubles. This is perhaps the minimum you can count on, usually several billion are invested in the opening of banks. After all, a bank should work not only in one city, it should initially have representative offices and service offices, it is necessary to conduct a normal marketing campaign to attract customers, in many cases to buy or rent premises, as well as carry out repairs in them, purchase the necessary equipment, hire specialists . The process of opening a bank is delayed at best for several months, and work is being carried out immediately in all directions. At the same time, today open a bank that offers standard services It is not always expedient for the population, people prefer to become clients of the bank that has the most representative offices and security guarantees.