Rational sequence of work. Work sequence

Technological sequence of construction and installation works

• 1. Excavation: mechanized (Cutting the vegetation layer of the soil with a bulldozer, Excavation of the soil with an excavator in trenches (for buildings without basements, manual completion of the soil);
• 2. Foundations: prefabricated, monolithic (Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete foundations);
• 3. Waterproofing;
• 4. Brickwork - Brickwork of external walls, Brickwork of internal walls,
• 5. Installation of reinforced concrete structures- Installation of floor slabs and coatings, Installation of reinforced concrete lintels, Installation of slabs of balconies and loggias, Installation of flights of stairs and landings.
• 6. Partitions;
• 7. Roof;
• 8. Joinery and carpentry;
• 9. Facing works- Facing of wall surfaces with ceramic tiles;
• 10. Linoleum floor installation;
• 11. Painting works- High-quality adhesive painting of the ceiling, Painting of door panels with oil compositions, Painting of window fillings with oil compositions, Pasting the walls with wallpaper;
• 12. Plaster work, for example, improved, high-quality plaster;
• 13. Santekh. work;
• 14. Electro installation work;
• 15. Improvement, preparation for delivery and others.

Determination of the labor intensity of work, the choice of machines, the definition of shifts in the development of the calendar plan

The complexity of work is determined by the formula:

where n is the norm of time; V is the volume of work in physical units; t is the duration of the work shift in hours (8 hours). The composition of the link is determined according to ENiR.

Labor input of special works is accepted:

• - for plumbing work in the amount of 10% of the volume of labor intensity (including rough work - 60%, finishing work - 40%);
• - for electrical work 5% of the total labor input (including rough work - 60%, finishing - 40%);
• - landscaping and landscaping 2-3% of the total labor intensity;
• - preparation for the commissioning of the object 0.5% of the total labor intensity;
• - other unrecorded work 15-20% of the total labor intensity.

The duration of the work is determined based on the data of the statement of labor costs and machine time. Work duration:

where g is the complexity of the work, man-days; a is the number of workers per shift, people; k is the number of shifts per day.

The number of shifts per day is taken based on the accepted methods of work. The intensity of the work is equal to the quotient of the division estimated cost for the duration. The number of workers per shift is taken based on the composition of individual units for individual processes.

The construction of buildings is associated with the implementation of many construction works. These works, depending on the materials with which they are carried out, are divided into several main types: earthwork (digging pits, trenches, soil cleaning, planning, etc.), stone (laying walls, foundations made of natural and artificial stone), concrete (preparation, laying concrete mix, compaction and concrete care), reinforcing (preparation and installation of fittings), carpentry, carpentry, assembly, etc.

In addition, construction work is distinguished by the individual parts and structures of buildings performed, for example, roofing, furnace, cladding, insulation and other work.

All of the listed types of work, in turn, can be divided into two large groups: preparatory and basic work (for which you will most likely need a Kamaz crane).

Preparatory work includes the production of surveys, the arrangement of all temporary utility rooms and warehouses, the construction of access roads, the laying of water pipes, steam pipelines necessary for the construction, etc.

The main works on the construction of buildings include general construction works (earth, stone, concrete, reinforcing, roofing, installation, etc.), finishing (plastering, painting, facing, tiling, etc.), special (sanitary, electrical, etc. etc.) and auxiliary (transport, etc.).

Construction of buildings starts from preparatory work, i.e. from the study of the soil in order to determine the suitability of this site for construction, laying roads, site planning, fencing, etc.

The sequence of general construction and other types of work during the erection of the building itself on the prepared site is dictated mainly by the order in which its parts and structures are erected. First, earthworks are carried out. In dug pits, foundations and cellar walls are arranged. At the same time, installation work is performed (during the construction of prefabricated foundations and basement walls), stone work (during the construction of foundations and basement walls made of stone, concrete, etc.) or carpentry, reinforcement and concrete work (if these structures are erected in monolithic reinforced concrete). Then continue the installation and general construction work on the construction of the main load-bearing and enclosing structures of the building. Finishing work can only be started in rooms protected from rain, snow and wind, i.e. after completion of roofing and carpentry work. In winter, these rooms must be heated. Such a sequence of finishing works is explained by the peculiarities of their technology.

Technology affects the sequence of production and other work; for example, when erecting monolithic reinforced concrete structures, formwork and reinforcement work are first performed, and then concrete. V modern construction installation works play a major role, they often alternate with general construction. The order in which these tasks are performed is determined mainly by design features building under construction.

The sequence of construction (works) is also affected by the total duration of construction, which is established by special standards. In order to speed up the construction of buildings, individual types of work tend to be combined in time. So, they start building foundations without waiting for the full completion earthworks; installation of plumbing, heating and others special work during the construction of residential buildings, they are carried out simultaneously with general construction work, etc.

From all that has been said, it follows that the sequence of construction work cannot be the same during the construction of all buildings. Therefore, in order to quickly and cheaply carry out the construction of the designed building, construction work is carried out according to a pre-planned plan. This plan is integral part construction organization project and is called the calendar plan for the production of works. It contains a list of all works and their volumes, as well as instructions on where, when, how much and what kind of work should be performed. The main thing they strive for when drawing up a calendar plan is to clearly link the sequence, duration, as well as the start and end dates. certain types works, resulting in the completion of construction on schedule and the most correct use workers of each profession, who, having finished work in one place, immediately move to another, pre-organized workplace.

The accuracy of coordinating the timing of all work is of particular importance in high-speed construction using the in-line method. In this case, the movement of workers of each specialty from one section to another is carried out in a continuous stream. The buildings under construction are divided into separate sections, in which groups of different specialties simultaneously carry out work.

TO Category:

Asphalt paving machines

Sequence and rules for performing work

The device of the bases and coverings from asphalt concrete mix includes following operations(Fig. 128): - cleaning the base from dust and dirt I; – lubrication with bituminous compositions II; – delivery of the asphalt concrete mixture and its laying in the bottom layer by the asphalt paver III; – rolling of the lower layer with a light roller IV; – rolling of the lower layer with heavy rollers V; – backlog of the finished lower layer for the device of the upper layer VI; – delivery of asphalt concrete mixture and laying of the top layer with asphalt paver VII ; – rolling of the top layer with a light roller VIII ; – rolling of the upper layer with heavy rollers IX.

Asphalt concrete bases and coatings are arranged in accordance with SNiP Sh-D.5-73 and the "Guidelines for the construction of road asphalt concrete pavements" of the Ministry of Transport of the USSR (1978).

The surface of the lower layer of material is cleaned with mechanical brushes or compressed air from a mobile compressor. Sometimes hand scrapers are used. The layer of material must be dry and not frozen. Wet material is dried with heaters.

The cleaned surface of the underlying layer of asphalt concrete is treated with bituminous compositions for better adhesion to the overlying layer. Liquid bitumen is used for processing, as well as viscous bitumen, diluted with kerosene or liquid bitumen. Bituminous compositions are poured with an asphalt distributor 3-5 hours before laying. For processing one square meter the bases consume 0.5-0.8 l, and the lower layer of the coating - 0.2-0.3 l of bitumen.

The asphalt concrete mixture is delivered to the construction site by dump trucks. In the process of unloading the mixture, ensure that all material is removed from the dump truck body to prevent the mixture from solidifying. Asphalt concrete mixture is laid and rolled by a link of machines. The link for the construction of bases and coatings includes one three asphalt pavers and at least four rollers for each of them. The number of heavy rollers in the link is greater than the number of light ones. It is recommended to use rollers with smooth rollers and pneumatic wheels.

As a result of laying a number of strips of material on the surface of the layer, seams are formed. The poor-quality device of longitudinal and transverse seams is, first of all, the place of initial destruction of the coating. Properly made seams are invisible on the pavement and the density of asphalt concrete in their place does not differ from the density of other areas.

The best longitudinal interfacing of the strips is obtained by simultaneous operation of two asphalt pavers on adjacent strips. They are displaced along the course from one another at a distance of 10-30 m.

In places of mating, the edges of the previously laid strip are cut off vertically along the cord, heated or laid on the previously compacted layer, a roller of hot mixture 15-20 cm wide, which is removed before laying the adjacent strip.

Pneumatic tools are used to trim the strip edges.

To avoid undercompaction at the longitudinal joint, near this edge the thickness of the material is increased by 1-2 cm compared to the thickness in other places. Warm up the screed before starting work. With the help of a tamper bar, the mixture is pre-compacted, which reduces the amount of work of the rollers by up to 25%.

The paver finisher may be left with an unpaved narrow strip. In this place, it is allowed to lay the mixture manually at the same time as the paver is working. Thus, after compaction, no extra seam is obtained on the coating.

The surface of the layer laid by the asphalt paver must be even, uniform, without pits and breaks.

The mixture is compacted during the longitudinal movement of the rollers. The next passes of the rollers are performed with their transverse displacement by 20-30 cm from the edges to the middle. The first passes are made along the longitudinal interface with the previously laid strip. In order to get an even surface, the roller must start and reverse smoothly. It is forbidden to simultaneously move or reverse the vibratory roller and turn on the vibration exciter. Do not stop the roller on an under-compacted surface.

The number of passes of rollers in one place depends on the composition of the mixture, weather conditions and is: light with smooth rollers 2-4, pneumatic wheels 8-10 and heavy with smooth rollers 15-18. At the beginning of compaction, the speed of the rollers is 1.5-2 km/h. Then it is increased: for light (vibratory) rollers up to 3 km/h, medium and heavy ones with smooth rollers up to 5 km/h and pneumatic wheels up to 8 km/h and more.

The highest density after rolling is achieved when using a mixture with a maximum heating temperature.

Below is the recommended temperature of hot mixes, °C, at which effective compaction of the following types of mix is ​​achieved:
Coarse-grained 140-160
Medium grain 120-140
Fine-grained 100-130
Sandy (from crushed sand) 130-140
Sandy (from natural sand) 90-120
Mixtures for the bottom layer 120-140

Fuels, lubricants and other liquids, getting on the coating, cause sinks. Therefore, to refuel the machines, it is necessary to move off the compacted material. For the same purpose, it is not allowed to use solar oil and fuel oil in systems for wetting rollers and tires of rollers.
After the end of the compaction of the lower layer, a certain backlog is left to the construction site of the upper layer. This backlog ensures uninterrupted operation of machines on the upper layer of material.

The construction of foundations and coatings from a cement-soil mixture is carried out by mixing soil with cement at the work site using road milling machines or single-pass soil mixing machines, as well as by preparing the mixture in stationary mixing plants. To improve the accuracy of dosing soil, cement, water and other substances and improve mixing conditions, it is advisable to use stationary installations. The strength of the reinforced soil increases by an average of 20-25% compared to the strength achieved by mixing with a road milling machine.

With the stationary method of preparing a cement-soil mixture, the mixing plant is located in a quarry or at a cement-concrete plant. Dosing of binders and moistening of the mixture is carried out taking into account the natural moisture content of the soil and weather conditions when working on the road. If cohesive soil is used, then it is pre-crushed. The amount of clayey-silty lumps larger than 5 mm after grinding should not exceed 25%.

The finished mixture is transported to the place of work by car and laid using crushed stone distributors or concrete paving machines. If these machines are not available, it is allowed to unload the mixture in the middle of the roadway and then distribute it across the entire width by motor graders or levelers. The rolling of the mixture must be completed no later than 3-5 hours after its moistening. Compaction after the specified time does not give results, as the mixture seizes.

Effectively compact the cement-soil mixture with pneumatic wheeled rollers, including trailed ones. To compact the mixture, 10-15 passes of rollers are required in one place. To seal the edges, bars are laid that protect the material from slipping. If the mixture dries up, then to increase the rolling density, the surface of the layer is moistened.

The laid and compacted layer of cement soil reaches its maximum strength after the end of cement setting, i.e. after 28 days. During this period, it is necessary to protect the layer from moisture loss. To protect against evaporation, films of liquefied bitumen or lacquer-ethinol are used. Film-forming substances are poured with an asphalt distributor (0.5-1 kg/m2 of coating). In hot weather, bottling is repeated after a week. To preserve the humidity of the cement soil, sand is poured on its surface with a layer of 3-4 cm, which is moistened for 10 days.

The device of rough asphalt concrete pavements is produced using an asphalt paver. If the asphalt concrete mixture does not provide the required roughness, then black crushed stone is embedded in it. To obtain black crushed stone, crushed stone is dried, heated and treated with bitumen or tar in stationary mixers. The amount of bitumen is 1.2-1.5% by weight of crushed stone. With a lack of bitumen, crushed stone breaks away from the coating, with an excess, the roughness decreases.

The method of embedding crushed stone is as follows. On the surface of the asphalt concrete pavement one or two times pass a light roller. The number of passes of the rink is determined empirically. Sometimes a paver pass with the tamper turned on is sufficient. A layer of one rubble of black gravel is scattered by a mechanical spreader or manually and the coating is finally compacted with medium and heavy rollers with smooth rollers. In the final operation, compaction is recommended to be carried out by self-propelled pneumatic wheeled rollers. The most favorable temperatures for embedding black crushed stone into laid hot mixtures are 90-110 ° C and into warm ones - 60-80 ° C.

The second method - the method of surface treatment of the coating - is that a layer of organic binder material (bitumen, bitumen emulsion) is applied to its surface, a layer of crushed stone is distributed and compacted with rollers. With this method, crushed stone and black crushed stone not treated with bitumen are used. Rubble. they are also laid with the help of a distributor in a layer with a thickness of one gravel and immediately compacted with medium rollers in four to five passes along one track. To increase the roughness, heated and cold black crushed stone is used.

During the first 8-10 days. operation, they remove loose gravel, limit the speed of traffic to 40 km / h and regulate traffic along the width of the pavement. Traffic is allowed no earlier than one day after compaction.

The performance of a mechanized unit during the installation of asphalt concrete pavement depends on the speed of the asphalt paver and rollers, the paving width of the layer and the length of the mix paving strip. The speed of the paver should be as high as possible, provided that there are no breaks in the material in the paving layer.

The length of the strip for laying the mixture with an asphalt paver is chosen such that as little as possible remains handmade by adding the mixture in places of longitudinal joints. Increasing the lane length reduces the number of paver crossings, but the amount of manual work increases dramatically. At the same time, the productivity of the link of machines decreases. For a warm mixture at an ambient temperature of 10--20 ° C, the strip length is 70-250 m, for the same mixture at an air temperature above 20 ° C, and also for cold asphalt concrete - no more than 500 m.

The maximum performance of the rollers is achieved with variable speed operation, which provides for an increase in speed towards the end of the compaction process. Speeds above 5 km/h for smooth drum rollers and above 10 km/h for air-tired rollers reduce compaction quality.

Features of laying and compaction of hot, warm and cold asphalt concrete mix are as follows. In the warm season, when a hot and warm mixture is received from the plant with a capacity of up to 35 t / h, a link of rollers works with the asphalt paver: one light and two heavy ones. With a higher intake of the mixture, the number of rollers is increased to four. While working on the lower layer, the light roller is replaced by a heavy one. In spring and autumn, machine links are made up of medium and heavy rollers. The number of passes of static rollers with smooth rollers on hot mixes is: light or medium 2-4, heavy 15-18. The number of passes is specified by trial rolling. The evenness of the laid layer affects the density of the asphalt concrete. When laying by hand, the evenness of the surface deteriorates. In places of protrusions, the density is increased, in places of depressions it is reduced. Density leveling is ensured by increasing the number of roller passes (for manual laying) by 3-5.

If one of the rollers in the link is vibrating, then it makes the first two passes with the vibration exciter turned off, then three or four with it turned on. The compaction is then carried out with a heavier static roller.

When using an additional pneumatic wheeled roller in the process flow, it is installed between light and heavy rollers with smooth rollers. A light roller makes 2-3 passes, a pneumatic wheeled roller 8-10 passes and a heavy roller with smooth rollers 2-4 passes.

A light static roller can be omitted. In this case, the pneumatic wheel roller makes 10-12 passes.

Unlike hot mixes, cold mixes are laid with an asphalt paver with the tamper turned off.

Cold mixtures are compacted mainly by pneumatic wheel rollers, which perform 6-10 passes along one track. You can also use in their absence light and medium static rollers with smooth rollers, which should make 6-8 passes. If vibratory rollers are used, then the number of passes with the vibrator turned off is 4-6. Heavy rollers cause cracking, so they are usually not used on cold mixes. The final compaction of cold mix coatings is achieved by moving vehicles.

The performance of work in the cold season is characterized by a number of features. Temperatures below 5°C in spring and below 10°C in autumn are considered low air temperatures for laying asphalt mix.

At low temperatures, hot and warm mixtures are laid on the base, which was laid and compacted before the onset of negative temperatures. Lay only the bottom layer of a two-layer coating. If it is necessary to lay the top layer, then the temperature of the bottom layer should not cool below 20 ° C.

At low air temperatures, the mixture cools quickly. Therefore, the thickness of the coating layers is increased by 0.5-1 cm and the top layer is made more than 4 cm. Surface-active additives are used to increase the workability of the mixture at low temperatures.

The mixture is fed to the asphalt paver in dump trucks with insulated and heated bodies. The temperature of the mixture is better maintained if heavy vehicles are used. From above, the mixture is covered with a tarpaulin during transportation.

The length of the grip when laying with one paver should be such that the new strip adjoins the previous one, which is in a warm state. At temperatures from -5 to -10 ° C, the length of the grip should not be more than 25 m. The length of the grip is increased if two asphalt pavers are used. The mixture is compacted immediately over the entire width of the laid strip. To do this, you must have a sufficient number of rollers, which are staggered. Use only heavy rollers. The number of passes of the rollers along one track is 15-20. Compaction efficiency is achieved by heating the rollers or filling them with hot oil.

Defects that occur during the laying and compaction of the mixture are eliminated before the mixture cools.

Construction organization example

Depending on what materials are used for the construction and decoration of the house, the sequence of work may be different. Therefore, a construction plan is presented on the example of a house, which is characterized by typical elements and the most popular solutions.

The considered project of the house does not have a basement. His planning solution based on a clear division into day and night parts, and economic zone with a garage. The walls are made of porous ceramic blocks and insulated with expanded polystyrene, often ribbed ceiling, wooden roof structure.

Improvement of the construction site

Every building starts with it. The landscaping includes the construction of a temporary fence, a toilet and a utility room for members of the construction team, where they can wash, change, and eat. Water and electricity supply is also required. In addition, it is necessary to determine the places of passages, storage of materials, install a concrete mixer. Before proceeding with the improvement of the construction site, it is necessary to draw up a project for the organization of construction, and then strictly adhere to it.

markup

In the same period, it is possible to mark the axes of the house, bringing them to the ground using cord markings, and also lay a reference point (a point with a precisely defined height above sea level, relative to which the vertical marks of the house will be calculated, for example, the depth of the foundation). It is better to order these works from a surveying company that has the necessary licenses for this type of activity.

Excavation

Soil development should begin with the removal of fertile soil from the site of the future home. It will later come in handy when landscaping the garden. Only after that you can start digging a foundation pit. When building a private house, such work is usually performed using an excavator. The bottom of the pit is leveled with a hand tool, observing the design marks.

Foundation works

They are carried out after completion of earthworks in order to prevent the soil from falling into the pit and flooding it with rainwater. At the bottom of such a recess, a layer of lean concrete (with a low cement content) is laid, and then the formwork is installed. At the same time, it is worth reinforcing the foundation pads. For concreting, it is better to use ready-made concrete delivered by concrete trucks. This not only speeds up the work, but also serves as a guarantee of the quality of the concrete mix. Then you need to waterproof the foundation pads. If bituminous materials are used, wait until the concrete hardens. It is advisable to use this break to bring water supply and sewerage to the house. After that, you can proceed to the construction of basement walls from concrete blocks, which will subsequently need to be insulated and protected with waterproofing. When installing insulating materials, remember to observe technological breaks.

If necessary, drainage can be laid to drain rain and melt water, and then backfill the pits with soil compaction.

Engineering networks and floor on the ground

After the foundation walls have been completed, at many construction sites, the laying of external and internal load-bearing walls (in houses without basements) begins. But a more expedient solution is to carry out the wiring of engineering networks during this period below the floor level of the first floor, and then lay the floor base on the ground. It is much easier to supply sand or gravel, which are necessary for these works, as well as to compact them when the walls of the house are not yet there. In addition, an even layer of concrete will make it easier to maintain order at the construction site and provide additional storage space. This is especially important in small and wooded areas.

load-bearing walls

After laying the floor on the ground, it will be much more convenient to build external and load-bearing walls. In this house, they were made from large-format blocks of porous ceramics with prefabricated lintels. The use of these materials speeds up and facilitates the work.

Covering the first floor

After the walls are erected, floors are completed. In private houses, prefabricated often ribbed floors are sometimes used. Their installation begins with the installation of wooden supports and the execution of the formwork of belts and monolithic parts of the structure. After laying the prefabricated load-bearing beams, hollow floor blocks and reinforcement, they begin concreting. To do this, it is better to rent a concrete pump and order concrete at the enterprise. Formwork can be removed after two weeks, or better - after a month.

Attic walls and stairs

If you have enough workers, you can simultaneously proceed with the construction of the attic wall, the installation of formwork and staircase reinforcement. Thanks to this, it will be possible to simultaneously concrete the stairs and make the reinforced concrete belt of the attic wall.

Roof structure

When the staircase is ready, you can proceed to the construction of the roof. The presented house has a wooden truss construction. Separate wooden elements must be protected with wood impregnations. It is most advantageous to use boards and beams impregnated under pressure. Installation of the roof structure begins with fixing the Mauerlat on the upper belt of the wall of the attic floor on the waterproofing layer. After that, install truss system and proceed to laying the roofing film. Then the chimney is plastered, the counter-lattice, the crate, tin elements are nailed and the tiles are laid.

Installation of windows and external doors

After the roof is installed, you can mount the windows and the outer door. Until the completion of finishing work, it is advisable to close them on both sides with plastic wrap.

Internal partitions and facade

When the house is protected from atmospheric precipitation, you can start building the terrace structure and the outer staircase, as well as complete the masonry work. In the presented project, thermal insulation is glued to the two-layer walls, and then facade exterior plastering is performed. At the same time, it is possible to lay partitions, not forgetting to separate them from the floor on the ground with a layer of roofing material. On the attic floor, a frame of plasterboard partitions is mounted.

Wiring of engineering networks

On walls and ceilings bred network engineering: electrical, plumbing, heating, sewerage, telephone and alarm systems.

Floor insulation

After completion of masonry work, you can start laying floor layers - hydro and thermal insulation, screeds. On the interfloor overlap, it is also necessary to perform soundproofing. In the bathroom, kitchen and utility room waterproofing is laid with a release on the walls, so that something like a bath is obtained. Then a protective layer of screed is placed in these rooms and on the ceiling.

Wall plastering

The next stage is the plastering of the premises and the installation of plasterboard partitions and ceilings.

Installation of interior joinery

After finishing plastering works it's time to install interior doors.

Roof insulation

In the same period, thermal insulation, vapor barrier are laid on the inside of the roof and a frame is mounted under plasterboard or cladding.

Finishing work

A thin layer of self-levelling mortar is laid on the floor base and left to harden (the moisture content of the finished coating should not exceed 3%). In the bathrooms and in the kitchen, tiling is carried out, a balustrade and cladding of steps are mounted on a reinforced concrete staircase.

At the same time, pipelines of gas networks are laid, and then - floor coverings. Depending on their type, the time is chosen for painting or wallpapering the surfaces of the walls of individual rooms. At the end, skirting boards are nailed, electrical equipment and faucets for plumbing are installed. After completion of construction work, you can proceed to exterior finishing work. A coating is laid on the terrace, stairs and porches, a permanent fence is also constructed, the site is cleaned and lawns, flower beds, and a garden are laid out. Now it remains to put the house into operation - and you can move in.

Good afternoon.

Svetlana, you are absolutely right that Finishing work you need to hire specialists, and of a high class. All finishing work is on the surface and visible to the owners. Ironically, there is usually little money left for these works and materials, and then people begin to save. Personally, my opinion is that correct, high-quality, clean execution is very important at this stage. Builders need to be supervised day and night, or the foreman should be well paid to keep an eye on the performers.

Exterior and interior works can be carried out simultaneously, that is, a team of 6 people can perform work in parallel. Although it will be more expensive, but faster.

External finishing includes mesh plastering and facade painting, as well as basement finishing (usually clinker tiles, stone tiles, polymer tiles,resin tiles,fake diamond, slate, PVC panels, various plasters).

I recommend making a blind area in the first year after building a house, as sedimentary water can severely soak the foundation. It is better to first make a blind area, and then start finishing. After the exterior finish, take care of the drainage system and drainage immediately.

Before the start of any finishing work in the house, partitions and entrance doors are installed, at least temporary. As for the interior decoration of a private house, all interior decoration work begins after the subfloor has been created, electrical wiring has been installed, heating and plumbing have been installed. That is, a rough floor screed is produced. For this, the main engineering Communication: an electric cable is pulled into the house, pipes for water supply and sewage pipes are drawn, diesel fuel is supplied if there is no gas pipeline in the house. The source of water supply can be central water supply systems, wells or wells. When all the necessary communications are connected, the floor is covered with expanded clay (or half sand and then expanded clay), on top of which a rough concrete screed is poured. Or an EPPS is laid over the pipes and a rough screed reinforced with a mesh of 100x100 mm and a wire thickness of 3-4 mm is poured.Further, all engineering communications are laid and mounted. At this stage of the finishing work, the walls are ditched, the electrical cable is pulled, and the sockets for sockets and switches are prepared. On top of the rough screed, a special heat-retaining material isolon is spread, covered with a special mesh and underfloor heating pipes are laid. They expose beacons and fill the floor with a self-leveling mixture. Pipes are stretched to all heating radiators and pipes with a heating cable are brought into the house from a water supply source. They carry out gating and wiring of pipes for hot and cold water supply, lay pipes for internal sewerage and draw a conclusion to a septic tank or pit. At the same time, it is necessary to know in advance the plan of the kitchen and bathrooms, with all the furniture and plumbing fixtures.

1. It is most convenient to start interior finishing work from the ceiling. Since in any case, something somewhere will “blurt out” or fall, and then you will have to clean the surface or even redo it again.

Attention: At this moment, tiles are laid on the walls or the walls are painted.

2. Finishing floors. It should be noted right away that the finishing flooring is laid at the very end, after the completion of the entire finish, so as not to accidentally damage it throughout all the work.

The choice of flooring depends on whether the floor is concrete or wood. So for concrete floors, any floor covering is suitable, from ceramic floor tiles to parquet. But for wood, there are certain restrictions on materials. For their finishing, you can use a massive board, parquet, laminate, linoleum. Such restrictions are associated with the design of the wooden floor and laying technology. floor coverings. Of course, even on a wooden floor, you can put ceramic tiles and equip the “warm floor” system, but the reliability and durability of such a design will be in question.

3. The last stage of work after finishing the ceiling is finishing the walls of a private house. This applies to wallpapering.

Here's roughly how it should work. Ask.