House series ii 49 layout. Design features of the series and facade finishing

It should be noted that some II-49d houses were built from building materials that include phenol, a substance unsafe for human health. Today, buildings of this series are actively included in the lists of objects to be overhauled. More than 60% of houses II-49 underwent renovation with replacement engineering networks, window blocks and additional insulation of wall outer panels. Unlike the II-49d series, the II-49p has an attic.

Design features of the series and finishing of facades II-49 (II-49p and II-49d)

External panels II-49 are made of three-layer claydite concrete grade M75, insulated with fiberboard or foam plastic, such walls had improved thermal insulation for that time. The internal walls are made of durable reinforced concrete panels (M200 grade concrete), and the interior partitions are made of gypsum concrete (8cm). Interfloor ceilings are made of reinforced concrete slabs (14 cm). The rigidity and strength of the entire structure of the building II-49 is ensured by floor panels and load-bearing intra-sectional walls, such flat panels were produced by vibro-rolling.

The foundation of II-49 is tape with plinth wall panels made of expanded clay concrete (M-100). For the location of engineering networks, a technical attic floor (if it is available in some modifications of the project) and a basement were used, the first floor is usually residential. Each section has only one elevator - a passenger one, which can cause difficulties in lifting goods to the upper floors.

Outside, the II-49 series was most often finished with small-sized tiles (glazed or ceramic), but some of the houses remained untiled. Interestingly, in this series, for the first time, the technology of finishing facades with tiles in the factory was used.

Features of apartment layouts II 49 (II 49p and II 49d)

The typical layout of the sections provides for the presence of apartments with the number of rooms from one to four (sometimes 5-room apartments were also added). The design of houses II-49 is not very suitable for interior redevelopment due to the large number of cross-bearing wall panels. The positive point is that almost all the rooms in the apartments of this series are not adjacent. The area of ​​living quarters is increased due to large balconies, which are in all apartments, except for "odnushki".

Series II-49 brought novelty to typical construction, extraordinary techniques were used in design and decoration. The houses were designed in the 70s, today these buildings are not subject to demolition and will not be subject to it in the foreseeable future. A large number of The buildings of this series have been reconstructed.

New technological solutions have affected, first of all, wall cladding and joint processing:

• small granular tiles were applied on the panels;
• open joints were treated with water-punching tape.

The II-49 series replaced the obsolete K-7 series. There are two modifications in the series:

• II-49d;
• II-49p.

In modification II-49p, some houses contain phenol insulation, which pollutes the air, the same buildings, but in smaller quantities, are in modification II-49d. The difference between the two options is small: the II-49p model is additionally equipped with an attic. Houses of this series were built in Cheryomushki, Orekhovo, Yasenevo, etc. There are several buildings in the cities near Moscow, and several buildings are also present in the Crimea and Togliatti.

House characteristics

II-49 - popular type series nine-storey panel houses. Thanks to high economic indicators has become widespread in the central region of Russia. The series was designed in the mid-1960s. to replace panel five-story buildings of the first wave (K-7). Years of construction: from 1965 to 1985 In Moscow, houses of the II-49 series were built in the microdistricts: Yasenevo, Teply Stan, Belyaevo, Cheryomushki, Veshnyaki, Troparevo, Academic and Orekhovo. In the Moscow region, this series was built in the cities: Odintsovo, Khimki.

The II-49 series of houses is not included in the list of demolished houses, the probability of demolition, even in the long term, is small. Since the beginning of the 2010s mass reorganization (overhaul) is being carried out, with the replacement of communications, window openings and the external cladding of the building.

All rooms in houses of series II-49 are isolated. All apartments except one-room apartments have spacious balconies. Each entrance has one passenger elevator. Bathrooms in all apartments are separate. The stairs are ordinary, there is no fire balcony. Cooker - gas or electric, natural exhaust ventilation, blocks in the kitchen and bathroom. Garbage chute on the stairs, with a loading valve on the platform.

A series of panel nine-story buildings II-49 is visually very similar to another nine-story series - 1-515/9. The main differences lie in the supporting structures. At 1-515/9, the bearing walls are longitudinal, like in Khrushchev. The II-49 series has transverse load-bearing walls, as in modern houses, so it is much less suitable for redevelopment, almost all the walls in the apartments are load-bearing.

There are two main modifications of the series - II-49D and II-49P. Modification II-49P has an attic. Some houses in this series contain phenol, which is life threatening. It occurs in both modifications. II-49D is in the area of ​​​​st. m. South-West.

Detailed characteristics of the series

Multi-section residential buildings of the II-49- series were built in the cities of the central part of Russia from 1965 to 1985. This series has replaced the mass construction of "five-story buildings" K-7. The first floor of the nine-story building of the II-49 series was most often made non-residential and set aside for the placement of infrastructure facilities. Therefore, several 12-story buildings were erected for the project, but this option was not widely used. Project II-49 includes two variations with the addition of the letter "p" or "d" at the end of the marking.

It should be noted that some II-49d houses were built from building materials containing phenol, a substance unsafe for human health. Today, buildings of this series are actively included in the lists of objects to be overhauled. More than 60% of houses II-49 were refurbished with the replacement of engineering networks, window blocks and additional insulation of wall outer panels.

Design features of the series and facade finishing

External panels II-49 are made of three-layer claydite concrete grade M75, insulated with fiberboard or foam plastic, such walls had improved thermal insulation for that time. The internal walls are made of durable reinforced concrete panels (M200 grade concrete), and the interior partitions are made of gypsum concrete (8cm). Interfloor ceilings are made of reinforced concrete slabs (14 cm). The rigidity and strength of the entire structure of the building II-49 is ensured by floor panels and load-bearing intra-sectional walls, such flat panels were produced by vibro-rolling.

The foundation of II-49 is tape with plinth wall panels made of expanded clay concrete (M-100). For the location of engineering networks, a technical attic floor (if it is available in some modifications of the project) and a basement were used, the first floor is usually residential. Each section has only one elevator - a passenger one, which can cause difficulties in lifting goods to the upper floors.

Outside, the II-49 series was most often finished with small-sized tiles (glazed or ceramic), but some of the houses remained untiled. Interestingly, in this series, for the first time, the technology of finishing facades with tiles in the factory was used.

Features of apartment layouts

The typical layout of the sections provides for the presence of apartments with the number of rooms from one to four (sometimes 5-room apartments were also added). The design of houses II-49 is not very suitable for interior redevelopment due to the large number of cross-bearing wall panels. The positive point is that almost all the rooms in the apartments of this series are not adjacent. The area of ​​living quarters is increased due to large balconies, which are in all apartments, except for "odnushki".

Specifications

Igor Vasilenko

In this article, we will describe information on the II-49 series.

This series was built mainly in the 1970-1980s. It is distributed almost throughout Moscow. It comes in two modifications II-49D and II-49P.
They differ in entrances and under-roof space with exits to the roof.

Photos of houses of the II-49P series

Apartment layouts are presented

1. One-room apartments
2. Two-room apartments
3. Three-room apartments
4. Four-room apartments

Photos of houses of the II-49D series

Houses in 99 percent of cases have 9 floors. Although in our practice there were also 10-story versions and even "high-rise" 12-story ones. It is worth noting that in the 12-storey version, as far as we remember, the author of the project JSC MNIITEP did not allow in that case to arrange an opening in the load-bearing wall. But perhaps it was not because of the number of storeys, but because of the location of the apartment on the second floor.
Also, from practice, there was a house that was not built on a typical foundation and load-bearing walls in the basement, slab and piles, which also negatively affected the arrangement of the opening in the load-bearing wall on the lower floors.

The main nuance of the II-49 series is that almost all internal walls of this house are load-bearing. If we consider in general, then all the walls perpendicular to the outer walls of the house are load-bearing, inter-apartment load-bearing, and some walls are parallel externally non-bearing. Also, the bathroom box is not load-bearing.

Layout and design of II-49 series houses

The most common event in this series is arrangement of an opening between the kitchen and the room and the extension of the bathroom to the corridor area. It must be remembered that in II-49 three types of wall panels will be used.
- long
- medium
- short

Respectively, load bearing capacity stems from the size of these panels. The long one has the largest one, the short one has the lowest one.
The short panel is located in the apartments in the corridors of which the corner of the elevator shaft is located.

Accordingly, if you have such an apartment, then it is very difficult to get approval for an opening in the load-bearing wall from the author of the project, JSC MNIITEP. It is reasonable to plan the opening in the "short panel" starting from the fifth floor.
And in the case of a long one, you can count on a positive decision on the second floor. On the first floors, everything is always extremely difficult.

Also, the accuracy and precision of builders during the construction of a building, namely the quality of installation of wall panels and floor slabs, will greatly affect the possibility of opening an opening, since the quality of the interpanel seam is also taken into account in the calculations of the bearing capacity.

If the inter-panel joint is narrow, correctly caulked with cement-sand mortar and located directly along the axis of the wall panel, that is, the wall panel rests equally well on the floor slabs of the kitchen and the room, then the calculation will be good and the bearing capacity is high and the chances of coordinating the opening increase.

The second point is the dimensions of the opening and the indents from the outer wall of the house.
The owners are trying to press the opening against the front wall as much as possible in order to make more functional use of the remaining kitchen space, but the author of the project of the house, JSC MNIITEP, has a different opinion.
The opening should be no more than 90-100 with an indent of at least a meter from the front wall. (Often 120 or 130).
Also, the decision to coordinate the opening is affected by the condition of the wall panels located above and below, namely the presence or absence of openings in them.
If the state of the panel is designed (that is, no openings were made in them), chances are that your opening will be approved. If done, then the dimensions of the opening and the indentation from the outer wall panel are important, as well as the type of reinforcement of the opening.
All this will be taken into account by the engineer when calculating your opening.

Despite the complexity of the examination, calculations, etc. a positive decision is made more often than negative ones, that is, more openings are allowed than prohibited.

What not to do

Relying on the "standard" requirements for the opening, first cut the opening and make repairs, and then try to coordinate it.
This situation is suitable only for those who have already bought an apartment already with a redevelopment, or the redevelopment was done many years ago and "there is nowhere to go."
To coordinate previously made openings, the engineer needs to open the plaster layer of the opening, view the type of reinforcement and the quality of the work performed, open the floor and screed up to the floor slab to inspect the presence of full plates of the reinforcement frame. Open the end of the wall panel from the side of the corridor to the floor slab. Open the plaster layer from the side of the room and the kitchen at a distance of about 130-140 cm from the floor level, in order to conduct an ultrasound examination of the concrete quality.
In 90 percent of cases, reinforcement frames do not meet the requirements of the author of the project. And you'll be lucky if the opening at the same time "passes" according to the calculation. In this case, the owners will only have to redo the repair locally, having previously correctly strengthened the opening.

Joint of panels and reinforcement frame of the opening in II-49

In standard solutions, JSC MNIITEP uses a U-shaped reinforcement frame from an unequal angle of 100x63x8 mm. Supported by 10 mm thick base plates.
The corners are interconnected with a steel strip 5x8. The frame is mounted on base plates with a grout of cement-sand mortar, at least 10 mm thick. The frame is fastened with reinforcing bars on chemical anchors or polymer cement mortar to the wall panel and floor slab. Protective plaster layer of the frame, on request fire safety must be at least 2 cm. That is, just paint metal constructions using them as a design solution is impossible, the frame requires plastering, but only after acceptance by the architectural supervision.

The order of work on the amplification device in the II-49 series

In accordance with the design decision, the wall panel is marked at the place where the opening was made.
Control through holes are drilled for repeated measurements on the other side, in order to avoid inaccuracies and from different thicknesses of the inner plaster layer from the side of the kitchen and the room.
Safety racks are installed, which remove the main load from the place of work before mounting the reinforcement frame.
The perimeter of the opening is cut.
Further, the cut fragment is cut into blocks for comfortable transportation, usually blocks weighing no more than 30 kg.
The cut fragments are carefully disassembled. It is not allowed to drop cut fragments directly onto the floor slab. The blow from the fall of the block can lead to peeling of the plaster layer in the underlying apartment or the appearance of cracks in the floor slab. Therefore, when disassembling the cut fragments, wooden pallets are usually placed on the floor slab
After the cut-out fragments are completely dismantled, notches are applied to the ends of the opening with a diamond tool. This is necessary for better adhesion of the cement-sand mortar to the concrete surface.
after that, the reinforcement frame is mounted: the support plates are installed and they are anchored into the floor slab, while the level of installation of the plates is checked, then the reinforcement frame and the anchor for attaching the frame to the wall panel are mounted, the anchor is welded. After that, the filling of voids between the metal structures of the frame and the end of the opening is carried out with a cement-sand mortar on self-expanding cement.
After the solution has hardened, the support safety racks are dismantled.
The frame is primed and submitted to architectural supervision
After signing the deeds hidden works the frame must be plastered with a layer of at least 2 cm along the reinforcing mesh, or with the use of special compounds for better adhesion of the plaster layer to the metal.

Problem areas II-49

With the low cost of apartments in this series and good standard planning solutions for comfortable modification of apartments there are also standard problem areas

1. Seams of joints of external panels. Over time, due to the weathering of the mortar from the joints of the panels, atmospheric moisture enters, which leads to the appearance of mold, freezing in the cold season at the ends of the wall panels adjacent to the facade.
2. Sanitary cabins. Since most of the houses in this series were built in the 70s, due to the formation of a large amount of dust between the walls of the sanitary cabin and the ceiling and walls of the apartment and maintaining constant humidity, a fungus often forms in these places, which is almost impossible to remove without dismantling the old sanitary cabin and subsequent cleaning and antiseptic treatment of all adjacent surfaces.
3. When dismantling the plumbing cabin, the next problem area pops up - old rusty pipes. Particular attention should be paid to the heated towel rail pipe. Threaded connections leak with any vibration and with any rubbing of pipes. That's why best solution before dismantling the sanitary cabin, it will temporarily turn off the risers of hot and cold water supply. And invite a plumber-welder to the end of the dismantling work management company, which will replace rusty risers and bends with new pipes and install new modern shut-off valves.
4. After finishing work and turning on the hot and cold water supply, do not forget to check all new connections for leaks, and also install a special plug on the sewer riser drain hole, as water flowing from the upper floors can leak into your apartment and flood the floors below.
5. The following problem is typical for any old panel series- good audibility. Moreover, both above and below located neighbors, and neighbors located with you on the same staircase.
   When planning redevelopment work, be sure to include in the expense item the work on soundproofing walls adjacent to neighbors, be sure to soundproof the floor, so as not to wait for noise to downstream neighbors. The height of the room will not allow soundproofing the ceiling.
6. Old garbage chutes with all the spicy aromas in the hallways
7. Old elevators, lack of freight
8. Small flights of stairs for lifting bulky furniture and other loads