Expenses for ordinary activities line code 2210. Hello student

Report on financial results in 2019 - this is the form in which the organization’s income, expenses and financial results for 2018 are presented. In the article we provided a table with a breakdown of the report articles. You will also find samples and examples of filling out the form, you can download the form and sample, and also fill out the report online.

What is an income statement

Income statement - required form, which is part of accounting. The Ministry of Finance enshrined this rule in PBU 4/99 and approved it by order No. 43n dated 07/06/1999).

In the regulations, officials indicated what is included in the reporting: “accounting statements consist of a balance sheet, profit and loss statement, appendices thereto and explanatory note, as well as the auditor’s report.” You can create a report online and without leaving the article.

Income Statement and Profit and Loss Statement for 2018

The Ministry of Finance in its regulations on accounting gives the name “profit and loss statement”. However, this is the old name for the financial results report. Back in 2015, the Ministry of Finance renamed the form by its order No. 57n dated 04/06/2015. Many accountants, out of habit, call the form in the old way.

Compound financial statements experts say. Read the full course in the program "". And in the section “Form of the financial results report” you can download the form for both the typical form and the simplified one.

Who signs the OFR

Accounting statements (form 2) are considered prepared after its paper version is signed by the head of the company (Part 8, Article 13 of Law No. 402-FZ). But officials allow reports to be signed by any other employee by proxy instead of the director. Chief Accountant- not an exception. But all copies of reporting must be signed by the same representative of the organization. That is, both the Federal Tax Service and Rosstat must submit reports with the same signatures.

Tax authorities agree with this approach, as stated in the letter of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated June 26, 2013 No. ED-4-3/11569@. The document is posted on the official website of the service and communicated to lower inspections.

In any case, the annual reports must be signed on paper. If you send it to the inspectorate electronically, then you don’t need to submit the paper version either. But in case of verification, the printed signed version must be kept in the accounting department.

Where to submit the report

Company forms are submitted to tax and statistics as part of the annual tax reporting. The report is also viewed by other users, for example, shareholders. The rules for compiling a report in such cases vary.

Elena Popova answers,

state councilor tax service RF rank I

"IN standard form lines are not numbered. Look for the codes for the lines in Appendix 4 to the order of the Ministry of Finance dated 07/02/2010 No. 66n. You only need to number the lines if you submit reports to the statistics department and the tax office.

However, there are features for individual categories organizations. For example, small businesses reflect aggregated indicators in their balance sheets, which include several indicators. In this case, enter the line code according to the indicator that is larger in value than others included in this line.

If you prepare reports for shareholders……..”

Financial report submission deadline

Companies must provide the tax office with accounting forms no later than three months after the end of the reporting year (Article 23 of the Tax Code, Article 18 Federal Law dated December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ).

For 2018, the form will be filled out in 2019, and the due date will move to April, since March 31 is Sunday. The next working day is Monday, April 1st.

Financial results report form

The annual financial statements consist of the Balance Sheet and Form 2, as well as appendices to them (Part 1 of Article 14 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ).

The balance sheet and financial report are submitted on standard or simplified forms. Both of them were approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n. For information on how to fill out the lines, see the section below.

The financial results report reflects the following indicators:

• revenue;
• cost of sales;
• Gross profit (loss);
• commercial and administrative expenses;
• profit (loss) from sales;
• interest receivable and payable;
• other income and expenses;
• profit (loss) before tax;
• changing deferred tax assets and obligations;
• Net income (loss);
• reference Information.

Sample report on financial activities enterprises (forms 2) are given in the next section.

Sample of filling out the financial results report in 2019

How to fill out an income statement

When compiling the Financial Results Report (Form 2 or FPR) for 2018 in 2019, see the recommendations of the Ministry of Finance of Russia for conducting an audit for reporting period.

All income in the report should be shown minus VAT and excise taxes (clause 3 of PBU 9/99). Indicate all expenses, as well as negative indicators, in parentheses, without the minus sign.

Comparability of income statement indicators

The indicators for the reporting period must be comparable with the indicators for the same period last year. That is, they must be formed according to the same rules. Incomparability of indicators may arise if during the reporting period there were identified significant errors previous years or the accounting policy of the organization has changed. In this case, in Form 2 of the balance sheet for the current period, last year’s indicators will have to be adjusted based on the current conditions. But reports for previous periods do not need to be corrected.

If some balance sheet information requires detailed decoding, it is entered in a separate form - Explanations to the Balance Sheet and the Financial Results Report. And in the Report, in the “Explanations” column, a link is made to the corresponding table or number of explanations of this form.

Please note: errors identified in accounting and financial statements must be corrected. Experts explain how to make corrections.

Income tax in line 2410-2400

The third category includes organizations that do not pay income tax according to the law, but must keep accounting records (clause 1 of PBU 18/02). These are, for example, payers of UTII or gambling tax. Such organizations may use dashes when filling out lines , , .

The amount of UTII or gambling tax that reduces the indicator in line 2300 “Profit (loss) before tax” is indicated in line 2460 “Other”. In this case, the organization has the right to determine the details of this line independently. The same rules should be followed by organizations that combine common system taxation with payment of UTII or gambling tax.

Which line to reflect? single tax simplified or UTII:

Net profit in line 2400

On line 2400 “Net profit (loss)”, indicate the result calculated using the formula:

Check that the net profit (loss) reflected in the Report at the end of the year coincides with the closing balance in account 99 “Profits and losses” (including rounding ). It should be written off to account 84 « retained earnings(uncovered loss)" when reforming the balance sheet (form No. 1).

Transcript of report articles

In the table we have given the articles of the financial performance report and the indicators that are reflected for each line of Form 2.

The definition of “business expenses” means expenses that are aimed at:

• shipment and sale of goods;
• provision of packaging services for products by other companies;
• delivery, loading and so on.

It is worth noting that the legislation of the Russian Federation this concept not considered. You can often come across such a definition as “Business costs are the company’s distribution costs”.

It is necessary to understand that such a transcript is reliable, since there is legislative confirmation for this. IN Tax Code The Russian Federation clearly states that distribution costs imply sales costs for those companies that operate in the field of retail, small-scale and wholesale trade different group products.

Despite the fact that this kind of definition is absent in the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, it can be found in the process of accounting.

In such a situation, business costs are line 2210, which is located in the corresponding income and loss statement.

What exactly can the amount depend on?

Several need to be considered main categories of expenses and factors, which influence their creation:

Upon completion of the analyzes of all business costs without exception, it is necessary to mandatory make a decision on the option to reduce them, as well as formulate clear recommendations on the issue of mastering the procedure.

What is included

Compared to management costs, commercial costs include financial expenses of companies that are directly related to production or trade labor activities.

For organizations that conduct business in the field of production, commercial costs will include expenses for packaging goods, their delivery to the warehouse location, advertising campaigns, and so on.

The commercial costs of a trading organization include those expenses that are directly related to the transportation and storage of products, wages to hired staff, rent or maintenance of space, and so on.

What can be attributed to the commercial costs of organizations that carry out their labor activities in the field of agricultural procurement and processing?

These include the costs of maintaining procurement and receiving points, caring for livestock and poultry (based on Order No. 94n of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of October 2000). In accounting, business expenses are calculated according to debit

1. . Moreover, today there are several ways to account for such costs, namely: Carry out full wiring.
2. Debit 90 Credit 44 Write off a partial amount on. Moreover, according to the existing Chart of Accounts (according to Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of October 2000 No. 94n), it is necessary to distribute the costs of packaging and delivery between varieties sold goods (for manufacturing companies), transport costs between sold products and the remaining volume in warehouses at the end of the month (if we're talking about exclusively about trading companies

), commercial - in debit accounts 15 and 11 (exclusively for those organizations that work with the procurement and processing of agricultural goods). The option that was chosen by one company or another, should be displayed in .

accounting policy

Characteristic

The commercial expenses budget is used to accurately calculate all available costs for the organization to promote product sales. The process of planning costs of an ongoing nature that are directly related to the sale of goods and marketing activities is considered key management function

when forming the general budget.

Depending on the organization of the budgeting process and the detail of the planning system, implementation costs can be predicted not only in physical and price terms, but also as a percentage of the number of shipments.

In the process of forming a budget for commercial expenses, expenses are calculated that can ensure immediate and full shipment of goods and their promotion on the market in the planned period. Depending on what exactly the costs of the number of sales can be divided into conditionally permanent And conditional variables

business expenses.

In most cases, forecasting customer demand and creating a cost plan for implementation is carried out by a commercial service, which has the right to correlate costs with the number of sales, and classifies costs according to such criteria, How:

• receiving transport services and freight forwarding;
• obtaining a lease storage facilities and vehicle;
• advertising and marketing events, which are primarily aimed at increasing sales volumes and conquering consumer markets;
• costs directly related to packaging, warehousing and further storage of goods;
• direct costs structural divisions whose activities are considered commercial;
• costs of servicing the company's transport;
• registration of property insurance;
• customs procedures and export commissions.

Qualitative forecasting, analysis and validity of expenses in order to obtain maximum profit is carried out exclusively by authorized performers who are more interested in increasing the number of sales, optimizing financial costs for organizing sales and meeting budget targets.

Greater priority in the management of commercial costs and the motivation of authorized employees are fixed by the immediate management of the company on the basis of the marketing policy adopted by the company and the provisions of relative monetary bonuses.

In Russian practice entrepreneurial activity used several approaches to forecasting business costs, namely:

• in the form of a specific percentage of sales;
• according to the principle of “forecasting from what has already been achieved”;
• based on the principle of direct competitive parity.

Which approach is optimal? decided by the direct management of the company.

This concept means usage financial resources , which are necessary for the implementation of existing types of banking work activities. They can be classified according to the method of accounting, period, nature and type of formation.

Costs and profits of commercial financial institution can be subdivided in a similar way:

• the ability to ensure the full functioning of the bank’s activities;
• and commission financial expenses for various operations on financial markets and so on;
• others.

At the same time, the profit of a financial institution can be divided into such varieties, How:

• from transactions of banking institutions;
• Operating profit;
• different.

In practice, this special group can often include financial expenses commercial banking institution, which, first of all, aimed at forming reserve fund . Thanks to this, it is possible to cover significant loan costs and losses on existing active operations, including the depreciation of various valuable papers.

In determining business expenses there's nothing complicated. Moreover, they may be various types and type. The legislation of the Russian Federation does not define a clear established list of commercial expenses. Based on many years of Russian accounting practice, commercial expenses are charged to account 44.

Based on the existing principle, only those costs that are contained in the generated Chart of Accounts instructions in the description of account 44 are recognized as expenses.

How does distribution of selling expenses work? The answer to the question is in this instruction.

1.3 Analytical capabilities of the income statement

Characteristics of financial (accounting) statements - description (definition) of reporting indicators.

When planning, accounting and economic analysis used next system profit indicators presented in the form of “Report on financial results”:

1. Gross profit;

2. Profit from sales;

3. Profit before tax (accounting profit);

4. Net profit.

1. In economic terms, gross profit is close to the “marginal income” indicator. It is calculated as the difference between revenue and cost of sales (line 2110 - line 2120), and is reflected in the “Income Statement” form on line 2100.

2. Profit from sales is the financial result from the main activities of the organization. In the “Income Statement” form it is shown on page 2200. Profit from sales can be calculated in two ways:

Profit from sales = revenue – cost of sales – selling expenses – administrative expenses (according to the “Income Statement” form: line 2110 – line 2120 – line 2210 – line 2220);

Profit from sales = gross profit – selling expenses – administrative expenses (according to the “Income Statement” form: line 2100 – line 2210 – page 2220).

3. Profit before tax is the consolidated financial result from all types of activities of the organization. It is shown on page 2300 of the Income Statement form.

Profit before tax (accounting profit) = profit from sales + interest receivable – interest payable + income from participation in other organizations + other income – other expenses (according to the “Income Statement” form: line 2200 + 2320 – page 2330 + page 2310 + page 2340 – page 2350).

4. Net profit is part accounting profit remaining at the disposal of the organization after accrual current tax on profit, as well as taking into account deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities.

Net profit in the “Income Statement” form is determined using the following formula:

PE = BP + ONA – ONO – TNP;

(p.2400 = p.2300 + p.2450 - p.2430 – p.2410),

where PE is net profit;

BP – profit before tax (accounting profit);

ONA – change in deferred tax assets;

IT – change in deferred tax liabilities;

TNP – current income tax.

All profit indicators are taken into account and reflected in the financial statements on an accrual basis from the beginning financial year.

The main purpose of the financial results report is that it should characterize the financial results of the organization for the reporting year. The main items of the report are income and expenses.

In accordance with PBU 9/99 “Income of the organization”, an increase economic benefits as a result of the receipt of assets (cash, other property) and (or) repayment of liabilities, leading to an increase in the capital of this organization, with the exception of contributions from participants (owners of property).

In accordance with PBU 10/99 “Expenses of an organization”, a decrease in economic benefits as a result of the disposal of assets (cash, other property) and (or) the emergence of liabilities, leading to a decrease in the capital of this organization, with the exception of a decrease in contributions by decision of participants (owners of property) .

Depending on the nature of income and expenses, conditions of implementation and areas of activity of organizations, two main groups of income and expenses are distinguished: from ordinary activities and others.

Income and expenses from ordinary activities are derived from operations that are the subject of the main activity.

In the income statement, income is presented as revenue (line 2110).

Expenses for ordinary activities are presented in three lines:

1. “Cost of sales” (p. 2120) – the costs of producing products, works, and services are reflected here. Trading organizations in this line reflect the purchase price of goods, proceeds from the sale of goods, proceeds from the sale of which are reflected in this reporting period. Professional participants in the securities market reflect here the purchase (accounting) value of securities, proceeds from the sale of which are reflected in a given reporting period.

2. “Business expenses” (p. 2210) - expenses associated with the sale of products, works, services (for manufacturing enterprises) and distribution costs (for trade organizations) are reflected here.

3. “Administrative expenses” (line 2220) – administrative (general business) expenses are reflected.

In accordance with Order of the Ministry of Finance dated September 18, 2006 No. 116n “On amendments to regulatory legal acts in accounting", starting with annual reports for 2006, income and expenses previously recognized as operating, non-operating and extraordinary are combined into a common group - other income and expenses.

Other income and expenses are income and expenses that are not the subject of ordinary activities. These include income and expenses associated with the implementation financial investments, sale and other disposal of property, provision of assets for temporary use for a fee, payment for services credit institutions, fines, penalties, penalties for violation of the terms of business contracts, exchange rate differences; profits and losses of previous years identified in the reporting year; the amount of additional valuation (depreciation) of assets with the exception of non-current ones; amounts payable and accounts receivable for which the deadline has expired limitation period and etc.

Other income and expenses are reflected in the Income Statement form in five lines:

1. “Interest receivable” (p. 2320) – interest on bonds, deposits, government securities, etc., acquired by the organization;

2. “Interest payable” (p. 2330) – interest on loans provided to the organization, on bonds issued by it, etc.

3. “Income from participation in other organizations” (p. 2310) – income from participation in authorized capitals other organizations;

4. “Other income” (line 2340) – other income not listed above;

5. “Other expenses” (p. 2350) – interest excluding interest payable.

Other also includes income and expenses from operations arising as a consequence of emergency (force majeure) circumstances economic activity(natural disasters, fire, accident, etc.). The following are recognized as income from emergency circumstances:

a) cost material assets, capitalized after the write-off of property unsuitable for restoration;

b) insurance compensation losses from extraordinary circumstances;

Emergency expenses include:

A) residual value property lost as a result of emergency circumstances;

b) costs associated with eliminating the consequences of these circumstances, etc. .

Receipts from other legal and individuals:

1. Amounts of VAT, excise taxes, sales tax, export duties and other similar mandatory payments;

2. Under commission agreements;

3. Advances in payment for products, goods, works, services;

4. Deposit;

5. To repay a loan provided to the borrower.

The following assets are not recognized as expenses of the organization:

1. In connection with the acquisition (creation) of non-current assets (fixed assets, construction in progress, intangible assets, etc.);

2. Contributions to the management capital of other organizations, acquisition of shares joint stock companies and other securities not for the purpose of resale;

3. Transfer of funds related to charitable activities;

4. To repay a loan received by an organization, etc. .

When carrying out the analysis, one should not forget that the division of income and expenses into two main ones depends on the stability of their receipt from period to period. Income and expenses from ordinary activities are stable, while in their main part other income and expenses are random. Therefore, the higher “quality” (from the standpoint of stability of receipt) is that net profit that was formed to a greater extent due to the positive financial result from ordinary activities(revenue from sales). Thus, the analysis of income, expenses and financial results allows not only to assess the actual level of efficiency of organizations, but also to determine the prospects for the development of an economic entity, the level of its reliability as a partner and investment attractiveness.

In general, the analysis of income and expenses allows us to establish the degree of their influence on the final financial result - net profit (loss).

Profit represents the result of the activity of an economic entity and is one of the sources of resources for expanded reproduction and the formation of budgets at all levels. All production participants are interested in profit growth, because the presence of profit determines the growth of the organization's potential capabilities and increases the degree of business activity. Depending on the amount of profit, the share of the founders’ income, the size of dividends, the profitability of their own and borrowed money, fixed assets, total advanced capital.

Based on the above, we can conclude that in the “Statement of Financial Results” you can obtain information about the income, expenses and financial results of the enterprise, which are presented on an accrual basis from the beginning of the year to the reporting date. The presented data makes it possible to carry out horizontal and vertical the financial analysis. Vertical analysis smoothes out the impact of inflationary processes that can distort absolute reporting indicators and allows for comparison with other enterprises whose reporting data differ significantly from the indicators of the analyzed enterprise. In turn, horizontal analysis allows not only to identify the rate of change of each indicator, but also to predict its changes in the future based on the data obtained.

And:

The income statement is also the main form of financial reporting. The appearance of the new form of the Profit and Loss Statement is in many ways similar to the previously used one. The rules for filling it out are also practically no different from the provisions used previously.

In used new form of the Report under consideration, as well as in balance sheet, there is a column “Explanations”, which indicates the number of the corresponding explanation to the given documents.

When filling out data on revenue and cost of sales, it is necessary to take into account the requirements of subclauses 18.1 of PBU 9/99 and 21.1 of PBU 10/99. According to the first Regulation, revenue (revenue from the sale of products (goods), revenue from the performance of work (provision of services), etc.) and other income, amounting to 5% of total amount The organization's income for the reporting period or more is shown in the Profit and Loss Statement for each type separately. By virtue of the second Regulation, highlighting types of income in the report on a separate line entails the obligation to indicate also on a separate line the part of expenses corresponding to each type.

Line 2110 “Revenue”

This line reflects information about revenue (income from ordinary activities) received by the organization (clause 18 of PBU 9/99, clause 27 of PBU 2/2008).

The amount of revenue is indicated without taking into account (clause 3 of PBU 9/99):

Excise duties;

Export customs duties;

Other similar mandatory payments.

The value of the indicator of line 2110 “Revenue” (for the reporting period) is determined on the basis of data on the total credit turnover for the reporting period in subaccount 90.1 “Revenue”, reduced by the total debit turnover for this reporting period in subaccounts 90.3 “Value added tax”, 90.4 “Excise taxes”, 90.5 “Export duties” of account 90.

Line 2120 “Cost of sales”

This line reflects information on expenses for ordinary activities that formed the cost of goods sold, products, work performed and services rendered (clauses 9, 21 of PBU 10/99).

The value of the indicator in line 2120 “Cost of sales” (for the reporting period) is determined on the basis of data on the total debit turnover for the reporting period on account 90, subaccount 90.2, in correspondence with the accounts:

20, 23, 29, 41, 43, 40, etc.

In this case, the turnover on the debit of account 90, subaccount 90.2, in correspondence with the credit of account 44, as well as in correspondence with the credit of account 26 (if any) are not taken into account (clause 23 of PBU 4/99). The resulting value of the cost of goods, products, works, services sold is indicated in line 2120 “Cost of sales” in parentheses.

Line 2100 “Gross profit (loss)”

This line reflects information about the organization’s gross profit, that is, profit from ordinary activities, calculated without taking into account commercial and administrative expenses. If, in accordance with the accounting policy of the organization, management expenses are recognized as semi-fixed and are shown on line 2220 “Management expenses” of the Report (clause 23 of PBU 4/99).

The value of line 2100 “Gross profit (loss)” is determined as the difference between the indicators of lines 2110 “Revenue” and 2120 “Cost of sales”. If, as a result of subtracting these indicators, the organization receives a negative value (loss), then it is shown in the Profit and Loss Statement in parentheses.

Line 2210 “Business expenses”

This line reflects information on expenses for ordinary activities related to the sale of products, goods, works and services (commercial expenses of the organization) (clauses 5, 7, 21 PBU 10/99).

The value of the indicator in line 2210 “Business expenses” (for the reporting period) is determined on the basis of data on the total debit turnover for the reporting period on account 90, subaccount 90.2, in correspondence with account 44. The amount of commercial expenses is indicated in parentheses.

Line 2220 “Administrative expenses”

This line reflects information on expenses for ordinary activities related to the management of the organization (clauses 5, 7, 21 PBU 10/99).

Administrative expenses accounted for on account 26 “General business expenses”, in accordance with accounting policies, can be monthly (clause 9, 20 PBU 10/99, Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts):

1) written off as conditionally constant to the debit of account 90 “Sales”, subaccount 90.2 “Cost of sales”;

2) be included in the cost of products, works, services (that is, written off to the debit of accounts 20 “Main production”, 23 “Auxiliary production”, 29 “Service production and facilities”).

The value of the indicator in line 2220 “Administrative expenses” (for the reporting period) is determined on the basis of data on the total debit turnover for the reporting period on account 90, subaccount 90.2, in correspondence with account 26 (if such a procedure for writing off administrative expenses is provided for by the organization’s accounting policy). The resulting amount of management expenses is indicated in the Report in parentheses.

Line 2200 “Profit (loss) from sales”

This line reflects information about the organization’s profit (loss) from ordinary activities.

The value of line 2200 “Profit (loss) from sales” is determined by subtracting the indicators of lines 2210 “Commercial expenses” and 2220 “Administrative expenses” from the indicator of line 2100 “Gross profit (loss)”. If, as a result of subtracting these indicators, the organization receives a negative value (loss), then it is shown in the Profit and Loss Statement in parentheses.

The value of line 2200 “Profit (loss) from sales” should be equal to the difference between the total turnover for the reporting period in the debit of account 90 “Sales”, subaccount 90.9 “Profit/loss from sales”, and the credit of account 99 “Profits and losses”. And the total turnover on the credit of account 90, subaccount 90.9, and debit of account 99 (balance on account 99, analytical account of profit (loss) from sales) (Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts). Wherein credit balance means that the organization has made a profit from ordinary activities, and a debit indicates a loss (Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts (explanations for accounts 90 and 99)). Debit balance(loss received) is shown in the Report in parentheses.

Line 2310 “Income from participation in other organizations”

This line reflects information about the organization’s income received from participation in the authorized (share) capitals of other organizations and which are other for it (clause 18 of PBU 9/99).

The value of the indicator in line 2310 “Income from participation in other organizations” (for the reporting period) is determined on the basis of data on the total credit turnover for the reporting period in subaccount 91.1 of account 91, the analytical account for accounting for income from participation in the authorized capitals of other organizations.

Line 2320 “Interest receivable”

This line reflects information about the organization’s income in the form of interest due to it, which is other income for the organization (clause 18 of PBU 9/99).

The value of the indicator in line 2320 “Interest receivable” (for the reporting period) is determined on the basis of data on the total credit turnover for the reporting period in subaccount 91.1 of account 91, the analytical account for interest receivable.

Line 2330 “Interest payable”

This line reflects information about other expenses of the organization in the form of interest accrued for payment (clause 21 of PBU 10/99, clause 17 of PBU 15/2008).

The value of the indicator of this line (for the reporting period) is determined on the basis of data on the total debit turnover for the reporting period in subaccount 91.2 of account 91, the analytical account for accounting for interest payable by the organization. This indicator is indicated in the Report in parentheses.

Line 2340 “Other income”

This line reflects information about the organization’s other income not mentioned above (clause 18 of PBU 9/99).

The value of the indicator in line 2340 “Other income” (for the reporting period) is determined on the basis of data on the total credit turnover for the reporting period in subaccount 91.1 of account 91 (with the exception of analytical accounts for interest receivable and income from participation in the authorized capitals of other organizations). Minus the debit turnover in subaccount 91.2 of account 91 in terms of VAT, excise taxes and other similar mandatory payments.

Line 2350 “Other expenses”

This line reflects information about other expenses of the organization not mentioned above (clause 21 of PBU 10/99).

The value of the indicator of this line (for the reporting period) is determined on the basis of data on the total debit turnover for the reporting period in subaccount 91.2 of account 91 (with the exception of analytical accounts for accounting for interest payable and accounting for VAT, excise taxes and other similar obligatory payments to be received from other legal entities and individuals). The amount of other expenses is indicated in the Report in parentheses.

Line 2300 “Profit (loss) before tax”

This line reflects information about profit (loss) before tax (accounting profit (loss) of the organization) (clause 79 of the Regulations on accounting and financial reporting).

The value of this line is determined by adding the indicators of lines 2200 “Profit (loss) from sales”, 2310 2 Income from participation in other organizations”, 2320 “Interest receivable” and 2340 “Other income” and subtracting from the resulting amount the indicators of lines 2330 “Interest to payment" and 2350 "Other expenses". If as a result the organization receives a negative value (loss), then it is shown in the Profit and Loss Statement in parentheses.

The value of line 2300 “Profit (loss) before tax” should be equal to the difference in the total debit and credit turnover in account 99 “Profit and loss” in correspondence with accounts 90 “Sales”, subaccount 90.9 “Profit/loss from sales”, and 91 “ Other income and expenses”, subaccount 91.9 “Balance of other income and expenses”. The credit balance of account 99, the analytical account for accounting profit (loss), means that the organization has made a profit, and the debit balance indicates a loss. This balance consists of profits and losses from ordinary activities and other income and expenses (Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts). The debit balance (loss received) is shown in the Profit and Loss Statement in parentheses.

Line 2410 “Current income tax”

This line reflects information about the current income tax, that is, about the amount of income tax accrued for payment to the budget, reflected in the Tax Return for corporate income tax (clause 24 of PBU 18/02).

An organization has the right to use one of the following methods for determining the amount of current income tax (clause 22 of PBU 18/02):

Based tax return for income tax or

Based on data generated in accounting.

In the latter case, the indicator of this line is determined based on the amount of conditional income tax expense (income) (a separate subaccount of account 99), adjusted to the amount of the balance of permanent tax assets and liabilities, an increase (decrease) in deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities (clause 21 PBU 18/02). This indicator is shown in parentheses in the Profit and Loss Statement.

Line 2421 “incl. permanent tax liabilities (assets)"

This line provides information on the balance of permanent tax liabilities (assets) (clause 24 of PBU 18/02).

The value of this line indicator (for the reporting period) is defined as the difference between credit and debit turnover for the reporting period in account 99 (analytical account (sub-account) for accounting for permanent tax liabilities (assets)). And it represents the balance of permanent tax assets and permanent tax liabilities accumulated during the reporting period.

A negative difference means that permanent tax liabilities are greater than permanent tax assets. And since permanent tax liabilities reduce net income, the difference is shown in parentheses on the Income Statement as a negative amount and is shown in parentheses.

A positive difference means that permanent tax assets are greater than permanent tax liabilities. And since permanent tax assets increase net income, such a difference is shown in line 2421 without parentheses as a positive value.

Line 2430 “Change in deferred tax liabilities”

This line reflects information about changes in the amount of deferred tax liabilities recognized in accounting in accordance with the requirements of PBU 18/02 (clause 24 of PBU 18/02).

The value of this line indicator (for the reporting period) is determined as the difference between credit and debit turnover in account 77 “Deferred tax liabilities” for the reporting period. If the difference turns out to be negative, this means that more deferred tax liabilities for the reporting period were written off than accrued.

Line 2450 “Change in deferred tax assets”

This line reflects information on changes in the amount of deferred tax assets recognized in accounting in accordance with the requirements of PBU 18/02 (clause 24 of PBU 18/02).

The value of this line indicator (for the reporting period) is determined as the difference between debit and credit turnover in account 09 “Deferred tax assets” for the reporting period. If the difference turns out to be negative, this means that more deferred tax assets were written off for the reporting period than accrued.

Line 2460 "Other"

This line reflects information about other indicators not mentioned above that affect the amount of the organization’s net profit (clause 23 of PBU 4/99). If necessary, the organization can enter several additional lines into the Profit and Loss Statement, naming and coding them independently.

Line 2460 “Other” of the Profit and Loss Statement may reflect, for example:

Taxes paid by organizations using special tax regimes, gambling tax (Letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated August 18, 2004 No. 07-05-14/215, dated June 25, 2008 No. 07-05-09/3);

Penalties paid by organizations for violations of tax and other legislation (clause 83 of the Regulations on accounting and financial reporting, Instructions for the use of the Chart of Accounts, Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated February 15, 2006 No. 07-05-06/31);

Additional charges (amounts to be reduced) for income tax for previous tax periods in connection with the identification of minor errors (clause 22 PBU 18/02, clause 14 PBU 22/2010, Letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 08/23/2004 No. 07-05-14/219, dated 12/10/2004 No. 07-05-14/ 328);

The amount of deferred tax assets written off to the debit of account 99 “Profits and losses” (clause 17 of PBU 18/02, Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts);

The amount of deferred tax liabilities written off on credit account 99 (clause 18 of PBU 18/02, Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts);

Differences arising from the restatement of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities due to changes in tax rate on corporate income tax (paragraph 4 clause 14, paragraph 3 clause 15 PBU 18/02).

The value of the indicator on line 2460 “Other” (for the reporting period) is determined based on the data analytical accounting on account 99 in terms of the payments listed above, adjustments to income tax and written off deferred tax assets and liabilities. If, in the above transactions, the debit turnover on account 99 exceeds the credit turnover, then the indicator on line 2460 is given in parentheses.

Line 2400 “Net profit (loss)”

This line reflects information about the net profit (loss) of the organization, i.e. on retained earnings (uncovered loss) (clause 23 of PBU 4/99).

When preparing interim financial statements the amount of net (undistributed) profit (net (uncovered) loss) of the reporting period is determined on the basis of analytical accounting data for account 99 “Profits and losses” (Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts). In fact, this is the account balance of 99 at the end of the reporting period. Net profit is reflected in the credit of account 99, and net loss - in the debit of account 99 (clauses 79, 83 of the Regulations on Accounting and Financial Reporting, Instructions for the Application of the Chart of Accounts).

Note that when determining the amount of net profit (loss) in accounting, in the general case, indicators of conditional income tax expense (income) and permanent tax liabilities (assets) are used.

At the end of the reporting year, when preparing annual financial statements account 99 is closed. In this case, by the final entry of December, the amount of net profit (loss) of the reporting year is written off from account 99 to the credit (debit) of account 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)” (Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts).

The resulting loss is shown in the Report in parentheses.

Selling expenses are a set of costs incurred by manufacturing and agricultural enterprises in connection with the sale of products, work or services. Selling and administrative expenses are included in the cost of goods sold. The calculation procedure depends on the method chosen by the enterprise for generating the actual price of products.

General concepts

If we consider the implementation process, we should definitely pay attention to such concepts as commercial expenses, administrative expenses, profit, and cost. Without a clear definition of each of them, it is impossible to properly maintain accounting records.

Let's consider the situation using the example of a manufacturing enterprise. Expenses are incurred during the manufacturing process of products. This includes paying bills to suppliers, utilities, employees, and other costs associated with production. All these amounts are subsequently included in the cost price. Business expenses are distributed according to the method specified in the accounting policy of the enterprise.

The concept of profit arises when the product is sold. The company received payment. If the amount of income from sales is enough to cover all expenses associated with the production and sale of products, and an additional part of it remains in the possession of the company, we can talk about profit.

Selling and administrative expenses - characteristics

The process of marketing and bringing a product to the consumer requires certain efforts and costs. They consist, as a rule, of the services of transport organizations, payment for storage and packaging of products, advertising campaigns and others. Account 44, which collects information on commercial expenses for the period, fully characterizes the stages of implementation. Amounts are accumulated in debit, after which they are written off to other accounts using the method established by the accounting policy of the enterprise.

Management expenses include the costs of maintaining non-production premises and personnel. The article distinguishes only industrial and agricultural enterprises separately. Organizations specializing only in trade keep records of administrative expenses regarding commercial expenses. Costs also include the cost of production.

Types of business expenses

Costs that arise outside of production, but are directly related to the product, can be divided into several categories:

• transport services;
• containers and packaging material;
• commission payments to intermediaries;
• advertising campaigns;
• product storage;
• other costs associated with the sale of goods;
• administrative expenses (for trading enterprises).

Thus, selling expenses are a set of costs that arise after the finished product is delivered to the warehouse and occur before sale. Trade enterprises This article also includes general business expenses (administrative, management).

It should be remembered that not all amounts can be taken into account as non-production expenses. For example, if the costs of containers or other packaging material according to the contract are reimbursed by the buyer, the amounts are taken into account as part of the accounts receivable from buyers (account 62), and not as business expenses. Any reimbursement of costs agreed with the customer must be taken into account in the same way.

Product delivery costs

Difficulty of accounting transport costs is that it is necessary to carefully monitor the terms of the supply agreement. There is the concept of free place, which characterizes the point of delivery of goods made at the expense of the seller. Most often, companies use 4 types of transportation:

• pickup (or ex-warehouse of the seller) - delivery costs are borne by the buyer;
• ex-carriage of the place of departure - costs are distributed between the buyer and the customer;
• ex-warehouse of the customer - the cost of delivery is fully paid by the supplier;
• ex-carriage of destination – costs are charged in part to both the customer and the seller.

It is possible to apply other terms of payment for transport services, provided for by the agreement. It is worth remembering that part of business expenses can only include those amounts that are paid entirely at the expense of the enterprise. If the buyer plans to reimburse costs, then they do not participate in the formation of the cost and are taken into account on account 62.

Packaging costs

The cost of packaging and packaging materials includes actual cost or classified as business expenses. The first method is used when the products were packaged in workshops, which is taken into account in terms of production costs. If the company packs finished products in a warehouse, the costs of packaging and packaging material are classified as commercial expenses.

Advertising campaigns

Advertising of goods is the main method of information influence on the buyer, allowing to improve the quality of sales. This part of the costs includes payment for any services related to the promotion of products on the market, be it printing booklets or decorating shop windows.

• with an income of no more than 30 million rubles, it is allowed to use 5% of its amount;
• if the company received 30–300 million rubles from sales, then it is possible to use 1.5 million + 2.5% of the amount of income exceeding 30 million for advertising purposes;
• if revenue exceeds RUB 300 million. maximum advertising costs will be 8.25 million rubles. + 1% of the amount exceeding 300 million rubles.

Accounting for business expenses