Tax accounting for the revaluation of fixed assets. Revaluation of fixed assets and tax accounting: commentary on the letter of the Ministry of Finance

If the fixed asset was fully depreciated before the revaluation, then after it is carried out, it is not necessary to resume depreciation. This is explained by the fact that the amount by which the initial (replacement) cost of a fully depreciated fixed asset changes is equal to the amount by which the accrued depreciation changes. That is, both before and after the revaluation, the residual value of the fixed asset will be zero. This follows from paragraph 48 Guidelines, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 13, 2003 No. 91n.

Reflection in financial statements

When forming the indicators of the Balance Sheet for the reporting year, reflect the fixed assets taking into account the results of the revaluation of the fixed asset in line 1130 "Fixed assets". In addition, the results of the revaluation are reflected in the balance sheet in line 1340 “Revaluation non-current assets". At the same time, the amount of additional capital is reflected in the balance sheet without taking into account revaluation in line 1350 “Additional capital (without revaluation)”.

Also reflect the results of the revaluation in the following forms of financial statements:

On the lines "Increase in capital" and "Decrease in capital" (columns 4 and 6) of the Statement of changes in equity;

In Notes to the Balance Sheet and Statement of Financial Performance.

Situation: is it possible to write off the losses of previous years at the expense of additional capital formed as a result of the revaluation of fixed assets?

Answer: no, you can't.

This is due to the fact that at the expense of the additional capital formed during the revaluation of the fixed asset, the amounts of its subsequent markdowns are written off (paragraph 6, clause 15 of PBU 6/01, Instructions for the chart of accounts (account 83)). If Extra capital will be written off to pay off losses of previous years, then the methodology for reflecting the results of revaluation of fixed assets in accounting will be violated. A similar point of view is reflected in the letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 21, 2000 No. 04-02-05 / 2.

Attention: write-off of losses of previous years at the expense of additional capital formed as a result of revaluation of fixed assets may entail administrative liability.

In practice, in order to make the balance sheet more attractive, the founders of the organization decide to direct the additional capital generated by the revaluation of fixed assets to pay off the losses of previous years. However, this can lead to a gross violation of the rules for presenting financial statements. A gross violation of the rules for the presentation of financial statements is a distortion of any line of financial statements by at least 10 percent. Therefore, if the value of additional capital in the financial statements is distorted by at least 10 percent, the court may fine the head of the organization or the chief accountant in the amount of 2,000 to 3,000 rubles. (Article 15.11, part 1 of article 23.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

The procedure for reflecting the results of the revaluation of fixed assets in tax accounting depends on the taxation system that the organization applies.

BASIC: income tax

In tax accounting, the results of the revaluation of fixed assets are not taken into account (paragraph 6, clause 1, article 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). In this regard, if before the revaluation the monthly depreciation amounts in accounting and tax accounting coincided, then after the revaluation they will differ.

If the fixed asset was revalued, then in accounting the monthly amount of depreciation deductions will be greater than in tax accounting. In this case, reflect the permanent tax liability in accounting:

Debit 99 subaccount "Permanent tax liability(assets)" Credit 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax"

- a permanent tax liability is taken into account from the difference between monthly depreciation charges for the purposes of accounting and tax accounting.

If the fixed asset was discounted, then in accounting the monthly amount of depreciation will be less than in tax accounting. In this case, reflect the permanent tax asset in accounting:

Debit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax" Credit 99 subaccount "Permanent tax liabilities (assets)"

- a permanent tax asset is taken into account from the difference between monthly depreciation charges for the purposes of accounting and tax accounting.

This procedure follows from paragraph 7 of PBU 18/02.

BASIC: property tax

Take into account the results of the revaluation of fixed assets when calculating property tax. This is due to the fact that the tax base for property tax is defined as the residual value of the fixed asset, formed according to accounting data (clause 1, article 375 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). That is, taking into account its revaluations.

Situation: from what moment you need to increase (decrease) residual value fixed asset after its revaluation for the calculation of property tax?

Take into account the results of the revaluation when calculating the tax (average annual value of property) of the reporting year in which it was carried out (clause 4, article 376 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

This is due to the fact that the residual value of the fixed asset for calculating property tax must be determined according to the accounting rules (clause 1, article 375 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). In accounting, the value of the fixed asset is revalued as of December 31 of the reporting year (clause 15 PBU 6/01, clause 43 of the Guidelines approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 13, 2003 No. 91n).

Prior to January 1, 2011, the revaluation was carried out at the beginning of the reporting year. New order published on March 28, 2011 and effective from January 1, 2011 (Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated June 14, 2011 No. 07-02-06/106). There were no transitional provisions in connection with the introduction of changes in the procedure for the revaluation of fixed assets in the legislation. Therefore, when calculating the property tax for 2011, it is necessary to take into account the results of the revaluation of fixed assets carried out as of January 1 and December 31, 2011. At the same time, the tax base for property tax for previous years no need to recalculate.

USN

For calculation tax base simplified organizations, the results of the revaluation of fixed assets do not affect. This is explained by the fact that the amounts of revaluation (markdown) of the value of fixed assets are not included in the composition of income (expenses) taken into account for tax purposes (Articles 346.15 and 346.16 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). A similar point of view is reflected in paragraph 1 of the letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated January 20, 2006 No. 03-11-04 / 2/9.

UTII

The object of taxation of UTII is imputed income (clause 1 of article 346.29 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Therefore, the amount of revaluation (depreciation) of the value of fixed assets does not affect the calculation of the tax base.

OSNO and UTII

The fixed asset can be used in the activities of an organization subject to UTII, and in activities with which the organization pays taxes under the general taxation system. In this case, for the purposes of calculating property tax, the residual value of the fixed asset, taking into account its revaluations, must be distributed (clause 7 of article 346.26 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). The cost of a fixed asset used in one type of activity of the organization does not need to be distributed.

Revaluation of fixed assets (Petrov E.)

Article placement date: 01/12/2016

The cost of fixed assets at which they are accepted for accounting is not subject to change, except in cases where established by the Regulations on accounting"Accounting for fixed assets" PBU 6/01 (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 30.03.2001 N 26n) and other provisions (standards) on accounting. Such cases include, in particular, revaluation. Paragraph 15 of PBU 6/01 grants the right commercial organizations revaluate a group of homogeneous fixed assets at current (replacement) cost. In this case, the revaluation of fixed assets is understood as the process of determining the real value of fixed assets, carried out by bringing their initial value in line with the market prices of objects and the conditions for reproduction on the date of revaluation (clause 41 of the Guidelines for accounting for fixed assets, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 13.10.2003 N 91n).
In other words, the revaluation of fixed assets is a change made by the decision of the organization original cost object of fixed assets in connection with a change in prices for the specified property.
Recall that in accounting in terms of fixed assets, the following concepts are used:
- "initial cost" - the cost of the fixed asset at which it is accepted for accounting;
- "replacement (current) cost" - the amount Money, which must be paid by the organization on the date of the revaluation if it is necessary to replace any object;
- "residual value" - the cost equal to the initial cost minus the accrued depreciation during the useful life.
The concept of the current (replacement) value of a fixed asset should be distinguished from the concept of the current market value of an object. The current market value (sales value) is determined by the amount of money that can be received as a result of the sale of a fixed asset or upon the due date of its liquidation (clause "b" clause 9.2 of the Accounting Concept in market economy Russia (approved by the Methodological Council for Accounting under the Ministry of Finance of Russia on December 29, 1997)).
To determine the current (replacement) cost of fixed assets, it is recommended to use (clause 43 of the Guidelines):
- data on similar products received from manufacturing organizations;


- assessment of the Bureau of Technical Inventory;

As you can see, after the revaluation, the replacement (current) cost is a change (revaluation or depreciation) of the initial cost of the fixed asset object by the decision of the organization.

Decision-making

The organization, guided by the aforementioned paragraph 15 of PBU 6/01, may not more than once a year (at the end of the reporting year) revaluate groups of homogeneous fixed assets at their current (replacement) cost.
The need for a reassessment may be due to various reasons, such as a desire to improve one's own economic indicators. After all, if the initial cost of fixed assets increases, then the value of net assets. And such an organization becomes more attractive to investors. Improved Performance balance sheet allow such an organization to be more likely to get a loan from a bank.
From a literal reading of the above norm, paragraph 15 of PBU 6/01, it follows that revaluation is the right of the organization, and not an obligation. Therefore, the organization independently decides whether it will revalue its fixed assets or not.
Having made a decision to conduct a revaluation, the economic entity must continue to carry it out regularly. In this case, the organization can establish a different frequency of revaluation, for example, once every two or three years. Failure to carry out further revaluation of objects previously subject to it may lead to the option when their replacement cost, at which they are reflected in accounting and reporting, will differ significantly from their current replacement cost.
The term "substantially" used in paragraph 15 of PBU 6/01 means that the decision to reassess should be made only if the book value of fixed assets differs significantly from the current (replacement) cost.
The materiality limit is usually set by the organization itself. The Accounting Regulation "Accounting Statements of an Organization" (PBU 4/99) (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 06.07.1999 N 43n) requires separately reporting indicators on individual assets, liabilities, income, expenses and business transactions in case of their materiality and if without knowledge of them by interested users it is impossible to evaluate financial position organization or financial results its activities (clause 11 PBU 4/99).
At one time, the Ministry of Finance of Russia in the Instructions on the procedure for compiling and presenting financial statements (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 22, 2003 N 67n) explained that the organization’s decision on whether this indicator is significant depends on the assessment of the indicator, its nature, specific circumstances occurrence. The organization can decide when an amount is recognized as significant, the ratio of which to the total of the relevant data for the reporting year is at least 5% (clause 1).
The same 5% can be set as a materiality threshold and for revaluation. So, if at the end of the year the difference between the balance sheet (current (replacement)) value of fixed assets included in a homogeneous group and their market value is less than 5%, then it is recognized as insignificant. In this case, there is no need to re-evaluate the objects included in this group. This is confirmed by the examples given in paragraph 44 of the Guidelines.
The regularity of the revaluation can be neglected only if the value of the revalued objects differs insignificantly from their replacement cost.
Paragraph 15 of PBU 6/01 mentions the possibility of revaluing a group of fixed assets. It follows from this that the revaluation may not be carried out for all fixed assets registered with the economic entity, but only for certain groups. Therefore, the organization must accept and fix in the order on accounting policy decision on the composition of objects that will be revalued. These may be:
- a group of homogeneous fixed assets;
- several groups of homogeneous fixed assets;
- all the main means of the subject.
In case of group revaluation, it is necessary to provide for the Classification of fixed assets by groups of homogeneous objects and also bring it in the accounting policy.
Financiers at one time explained that, since regulatory legal acts on accounting do not contain definitions and criteria for the formation of groups of homogeneous fixed assets for the purposes of their revaluation, when forming an accounting policy, an organization develops an appropriate method of accounting based on the requirements of accounting regulations (Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 01.02.2006 N 07-05-06 /twenty). That is, the organization has the right to apply its own methods of forming these groups - for fixed assets of the same type, class, etc.
Revaluation of fixed assets is carried out at the end of the reporting year (paragraph 4, paragraph 15 of PBU 6/01, paragraph 47 of the Methodological Instructions).
In order to conduct a reassessment, an organization must conduct preparatory work for its implementation, in particular, checking the availability of objects subject to revaluation (clause 45 of the Methodological Instructions).
The decision to conduct a revaluation is formalized by an appropriate administrative document, which is mandatory for all services of the organization involved in the revaluation of fixed assets. A list of objects subject to revaluation must be attached to the decision. In the list it is recommended to indicate such data about the objects as their exact name, the date of acquisition (construction or manufacture), the date of acceptance for accounting.
The initial data for the revaluation of fixed assets are (clause 46 of the Guidelines):
- their initial or current (replacement) cost (if this object was previously revalued), according to which they are accounted for in accounting on the date of revaluation;
- the amount of depreciation accrued for the entire period of use of the object as of the revaluation date;
- documented data on the current (replacement) cost of revalued objects as of December 31 of the reporting year.
Since 2011, the revaluation of a group of homogeneous fixed assets and intangible assets has been carried out as of the end of the reporting year (clauses 3 "a" and 3 "b" clause 3, clauses 1 clause 9 of the Amendments to regulatory legal acts on accounting , approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 24, 2010 N 186n). According to the previous rules, such a revaluation was carried out between reporting period as of the beginning of the year.
For the revaluation of fixed assets, clause 43 of the Guidelines, it is proposed to use the index method or the direct recalculation method.
The index method provides for indexation of the book value of fixed assets using an index (coefficient) of change in value. Indices should be published by statistical agencies by types of buildings and structures, types of machinery and equipment, regions, periods of manufacture (acquisition). However, the necessary indices have not been published by authorized bodies since the beginning of the 2000s.
The Ministry of Finance of Russia, in Letter No. 04-02-05/3/63 dated 31.07.2003, reported that there are no indices for revaluation of fixed assets using the index method. If necessary, these indices for individual regions could be developed by the Research Institute of Statistics of the Goskomstat of Russia on a commercial basis.
Having chosen the indexation method, the organization, if conditions permit, has the right to develop indices for revaluation itself or use indices developed by the Research Institute of Statistics of the Goskomstat of Russia on a commercial basis.
The direct recalculation method is the recalculation of the value of individual items of fixed assets at documented market prices for similar, but new items, prevailing as of December 31 of the corresponding year. The following can be used as documentary evidence of market prices (clause 43 of the Guidelines):
- data on similar products received from manufacturing organizations;
- information about the level of prices available from state statistics bodies, trade inspections and organizations;
- information about the price level published in the mass media and specialized literature;
- assessment of the Bureau of Technical Inventory;
- expert opinions on the current (replacement) cost of fixed assets.

Reflection of results

The results of the revaluation of fixed assets carried out as of the end of the reporting year shall be reflected in accounting separately.
During the revaluation, the initial (replacement) cost of an object may change both upwards (revaluation) and downwards (markdown). The procedure for reflecting the results of revaluation of an object of fixed assets in accounting and reporting also depends on whether this object has been revalued before or this revaluation is the first for it.

- under appraisal

The amount of revaluation of fixed assets is reflected in account 83 "Additional capital" in cases where:
- revaluation of revalued objects was carried out for the first time;
- revaluation of fixed assets, which were already revalued in previous years.
To reflect the results of the revaluation on account 83, it is advisable to open a separate sub-account "Increase in the value of fixed assets as a result of revaluation." The amount of the revaluation of the fixed asset as a result of the revaluation is reflected in the debit of the fixed assets account in correspondence with the credit of the additional capital account:
Debit 01 Credit 83
- revaluation of the group of fixed assets was taken into account.

Example 1. An organization conducts a revaluation of property, plant and equipment for the first time. The initial cost of a group of fixed assets as of December 31, 2015 amounted to 19,648,500 rubles, their market value - 21,613,350 rubles. The amount of accrued depreciation before revaluation was 5,896,750 rubles.
The conversion factor is defined as the ratio of the market value to the original, its value is 1.1 (21,613,350: 19,648,500). Then the amount of recalculated depreciation is 6,486,425 rubles. (5,896,750 rubles x 1.1).
Difference between:
- restored and original cost of fixed assets of the group amounted to 1,964,850 rubles. (21 613 350 - 19 648 500);
- the amount of recalculated and accumulated depreciation - 589,675 rubles. (6 486 425 - 5 896 750).
The amount of the revaluation of the object is determined as the difference between the revaluations of the aggregates of the initial values ​​of the group's fixed assets of 1,964,850 rubles. and accrued on them depreciation 589 675 rubles. Its value is 1,375,175 rubles. (1 964 850 - 589 675) is charged to the additional capital account.
In accounting as of December 31, 2015, the following entries are made:
Debit 01 Credit 02
- 589,675 rubles. - reflects an adjustment for the amount of revaluation of accrued depreciation;
Debit 01 Credit 83
- 1 375 175 rubles. - revaluation of a group of fixed assets is attributed to additional capital.

Another case of reflecting the result of the revaluation on account 83 is possible. This applies to fixed assets that were previously marked down as a result of previous revaluations, provided that the amount of the revaluation exceeds the amount of the markdown. The difference between these values ​​\u200b\u200bis referred to account 83. The amount of the revaluation of a group of fixed assets, equal to the amount of their write-down carried out in previous reporting periods and taken into account in financial results as other expenses, is credited to the account for accounting for other income and expenses in correspondence with debit fixed asset accounts:
Debit 01 Credit 91-1
- included in other income is a part of the revaluation amount equal to the totality of previous markdowns;
Debit 01 Credit 83
- the remaining part of the revaluation amount is attributed to additional capital.

Example 2. By decision of the head of the organization, a group of homogeneous fixed assets was revalued as of December 31, 2015, which had already been revalued before. According to accounting data before revaluation: the replacement cost of objects - 18,739,500 rubles, the amount of accrued depreciation - 6,893,460 rubles. The market value of a group of objects as of December 31 is RUB 21,550,425. As a result of previous write-downs, the amount of 637,269 rubles was charged to the account for accounting for other income and expenses as other expenses (account 91-2).
The conversion factor is determined in the same way as the ratio of market value to replacement value - 1.15 (21,550,425: 18,739,500). Then the amount of recalculated depreciation is 7,927,479 rubles. (6,893,460 rubles x 1.15).
Difference between:
- restored cost of the group of fixed assets amounted to 2,810,925 rubles. (21 550 425 - 18 739 500);
- amounts of recalculated and accumulated depreciation - 1,034,019 rubles. (7 927 479 - 6 893 460).
The amount of revaluation of the object is 1,776,904 rubles. (2 810 925 - 1 034 019) is divided into two parts. The first of them, equal to the totality of previous markdowns of 637,269 rubles. (recorded earlier on account 91-2) is included in other income. The second, representing the remainder of the revaluation of 1,139,635 rubles. (1 776 904 - 637 269), refers to additional capital.
In accounting as of December 31, 2015, the following entries are made:
Debit 01 Credit 02
- 1,034,019 rubles - reflects an adjustment for the amount of revaluation of accrued depreciation;
Debit 01 Credit 91-1
- 637,269 rubles. - a part of the revaluation amount is taken into account, equal to the totality of previous markdowns;
Debit 01 Credit 83
- 1,139,635 rubles. - the remaining part of the revaluation amount is attributed to additional capital.

In the case of non-exceeding the value of the revaluation over the amount of the markdown, this value is fully included in other income.

- at markdown

The amount of the markdown is reflected on account 91 "Other income and expenses" as other expenses if:
- fixed assets are revalued for the first time;
- Fixed assets that have already been discounted in previous years have been discounted.

Example 3. An organization conducts a revaluation of fixed assets for the first time. The initial cost of a group of fixed assets as of December 31, 2015 amounted to 21,814,600 rubles, their market value - 18,542,410 rubles. The amount of accrued depreciation before revaluation was 7,648,140 rubles.
The ratio of the market value of a group of fixed assets to their initial value determines the conversion factor, which is equal to 0.85 (18,542,410: 21,814,600). Based on this, the amount of recalculated depreciation is 6,500,919 rubles. (7,648,140 rubles x 0.85).
Difference between:
- aggregates of original and restored values ​​of fixed assets of the group amounted to 3,272,190 rubles. (21 814 600 - 18 542 410);
- the amount of accumulated depreciation and the amount of recalculated depreciation - 1,147,221 rubles. (7 648 140 - 6 500 919).
The amount of the markdown of the object is determined as the difference between the markdowns of the aggregates of the initial values ​​of the fixed assets of the group 3,272,190 rubles. and accrued depreciation on them 1,147,221 rubles. Its value is 2,124,969 rubles. (3,212,190 - 1,147,221) is included in other expenses.

Debit 02 Credit 01
- 1,147,221 rubles. - reflects an adjustment for the amount of depreciation accrued;
Debit 91-2 Credit 01
- 2 124 969 rubles. - depreciation of a group of fixed assets is included in other expenses.

Other expenses will also take into account the results of the writedown of a group of fixed assets that were revalued during previous revaluations, if the amount of the writedown exceeds the amount of the revaluation. In this case, account 91-2 reflects the amount of the markdown, which exceeds the amount of the previous revaluation of non-current assets.

Example 4. An organization revalued a group of homogeneous fixed assets as of December 31, 2015, which had previously been revalued. According to accounting data before revaluation, the replacement cost of objects is 17,926,530 rubles, the amount of accrued depreciation is 9,468,620 rubles. The market value of a group of objects as of December 31 is RUB 14,341,224. As a result of previous revaluations, the amount of 876,390 rubles was assigned to the additional capital account.
The conversion factor is determined as the quotient of dividing the market value to the replacement value - 0.8 (14,314,200: 17,926,500). With this in mind, the amount of recalculated depreciation is 7,574,568 rubles. (9,468,210 rubles x 0.8).
Difference between:
- recovered cost of the group of fixed assets amounted to 3,585,306 rubles. (17 926 530 - 14 341 224);
- amounts of recalculated and accumulated depreciation - 1,893,642 rubles. (9 468 210 - 7 574 568).
The amount of the markdown of the object is determined as the difference between the markdowns of the aggregates of the initial and restored values ​​of the fixed assets of the group 3,585,306 rubles. and accrued on them depreciation 1,893,642 rubles. Its value is 1,691,664 rubles. (3,585,306 - 1,893,642) is divided into two components: the first of them, equal to the totality of previous revaluations of 876,390 rubles. (accounted for earlier on account 83), reduces the additional capital by this amount, the second, representing the balance of the markdown of 815,274 rubles. (1 691 664 - 876 390), included in other expenses.
In accounting as of December 31, the following entries are made:
Debit 02 Credit 01
- 1,893,642 rubles. - reflects an adjustment for the amount of depreciation accrued;
Debit 83 Credit 01
- 876 390 rubles. - the amount of additional capital recorded on the account during previous revaluations of this group of fixed assets was reduced;
Debit 91-2 Credit 01
- 2 124 969 rubles. - the rest of the markdown of the group of fixed assets is included in other expenses.

If the amount of depreciation of a group of fixed assets does not exceed the set of revaluations of previous revaluations, this amount reduces the additional capital.
It is logical to draw up the revaluation results in a special statement for the revaluation of homogeneous groups of fixed assets. The organization can develop its form on its own by approving it as a used document in the accounting policy. In such a statement, it is desirable to indicate:
- name of the fixed asset;
- its inventory number;
- date of acquisition of the object;
- the date of acceptance of the object for accounting;
- the initial or replacement cost of the fixed asset;
- revaluation factor;
- the amount of revaluation (markdown) of the value of the fixed asset;
- the amount of accrued depreciation;
- the amount of depreciation after revaluation;
- the amount of revaluation or reduction of accrued depreciation.
In addition, the results of the revaluation of the object are recorded in the inventory card of this fixed asset. In the unified form "Inventory card for accounting for an object of fixed assets" (form OS-6, approved by Decree of the State Statistics Committee of Russia dated January 21, 2003 N 7), a special section was provided for this. 3 "Reassessment".
Upon disposal of an item of fixed assets, the amount of its revaluation is transferred from additional capital to retained earnings (clause 15 PBU 6/01, clause 48 of the Guidelines for accounting for fixed assets):
Debit 83 Credit 84
- the amount of the revaluation accounted for by the results of revaluations was written off in connection with the disposal of an item of fixed assets.
To fulfill this requirement, the accounting department will need documents confirming the amount of the revaluation for the decommissioned fixed asset. When using uniform forms primary accounting information on the revaluations made, in addition to the mentioned inventory card of an item of fixed assets, could be reflected in the form OS-6a "Inventory card for group accounting of fixed assets" or the form OS-6b " inventory book accounting for fixed assets" (approved by the aforementioned Decree of the State Statistics Committee of Russia dated January 21, 2003 N 7).

Example 5. In November 2015, an organization liquidated a fixed asset used in the main production. Its replacement cost is 1,448,600 rubles, the amount of accrued depreciation (including November) is 1,390,945 rubles. During the operation of the fixed asset, its revaluation was carried out, as a result of which the amount of 43,683 rubles was charged to the additional capital account. To liquidate the facility, the organization used the services of a contractor. Cost of services - 63 248 rubles, including VAT 9648 rubles. Upon disposal of the fixed asset, materials worth 36,750 rubles were received. The residual value of the object in tax accounting is 36,268 rubles.
The liquidation of a fixed asset in accounting in November is accompanied by the following entries:
Debit 20 Credit 02
- depreciation was accrued on the retiring object;
Debit 01, sub-account "Retirement of fixed assets", Credit 01
- 1 458 600 rubles. - written off the replacement cost of the object;
Debit 02 Credit 01, sub-account "Disposal of fixed assets",
- 1,390,045 rubles. - written off the amount of accrued depreciation;
Debit 91-2 Credit 01, sub-account "Disposal of fixed assets",
- 57 655 rubles. (1,448,600 - 1,390,945) - the residual value of the object to be retired was written off;
Debit 10 Credit 91-2
- 36,750 rubles. - materials received during the liquidation of the object were credited;
Debit 91-2 Credit 76
- 53 600 rubles. (63 248 - 9648) - the services of a contractor for the liquidation of a fixed asset were taken into account;
Debit 19 Credit 76
- 9648 rubles. - reflected the amount of VAT presented by the contractor for the services provided for the liquidation of the facility;
Debit 68, sub-account "Calculations for VAT", Credit 19
- 9648 rubles. - the amount of VAT presented by the contractor was accepted for deduction;
Debit 83 Credit 84
- 43,683 rubles. - reflects the amount of revaluation of the retiring object.

Reflection of the revaluation in the financial statements

If the organization takes advantage of the right granted to it to conduct a revaluation and carries it out at the end of 2015, then in the financial statements for this year, data on fixed assets as of December 31 should be given taking into account its implementation.
Accounting statements for 2015, as you know, an economic entity must submit in accordance with the forms of the balance sheet, statement of financial results, statement of changes in equity, statement of cash flows, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 02.07.2010 N 66n. At the same time, organizations will have to compile explanations for the balance sheet and income statement in tabular and (or) textual form. The content of the explanations, drawn up in tabular form, is determined by them independently. At the same time, they can use the Example of compiling such explanations given in Appendix 3 to Order N 66n.
According to line 1150 "Fixed assets" section. I "Non-current assets" of the balance sheet reflects information on fixed assets accounted for in accounting on account 01. This line shows the residual value of fixed assets as of December 31, 2015. Therefore, the results of the revaluation of the group of fixed assets will be taken into account when forming the indicator in question .
In the event of revaluations, comparative data for the period (periods) preceding (preceding) the reporting one does not change (Recommendations for audit organizations, individual auditors, auditors on auditing the annual financial statements of organizations for 2013 (given in the Appendix to the Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 29.01. 2014 N 07-04-18/01)).
Information on additional capital in sec. III "Capital and reserves" of the balance sheet is given in two lines:
- "Revaluation of non-current assets" (line 1340);
- "Additional capital (without revaluation)" (line 1350).
When filling out:
- the first of these lines uses data on the credit balance on account 83, analytical accounts for accounting for the amounts of revaluation of fixed assets and intangible assets as of the reporting date;
- second - the sum of other balances of account 83 is shown, for example, share premium, exchange differences on contributions to the authorized capital, if it is provided for in foreign currency, etc.
Line 1340 as at 31 December of the previous year and 31 December of the year preceding the previous year are carried over from the balance sheet for the previous year, as they do not change, as mentioned above.
Line 2510 "The result of the revaluation of non-current assets not included in the net profit (loss) of the period" of the reference section of the income statement reflects the results of the revaluation of the non-current assets of the organization carried out in the reporting period.
Depending on the result of previous revaluations of a particular non-current asset by an organization, as mentioned above:
- other income (other expense) is recognized in the amount of the revaluation (decrease), which ultimately leads to an increase (decrease) in retained earnings(uncovered loss);
- increases (decreases) the additional capital of the organization.
The considered line 2510 indicates only the change in the additional capital of the organization, which was the result of the revaluation of non-current assets carried out in the reporting period. The revaluation (reduction) amounts charged to the financial result as other income (other expenses) are included in the formation of the indicators of line 2340 "Other income" (line 2350 "Other expenses") of the income statement.
We repeat: the entire amount of the revaluation or part of it is attributed to the increase in additional capital if:
- the object is revalued for the first time and its replacement cost is higher than the original one;
- the object was revalued in the previous reporting periods with the allocation of the revaluation amount to additional capital;
- the object was discounted in previous reporting periods, with the amount of the writedown attributed to financial results as other expenses, and in the reporting year the object is revalued by an amount exceeding the amount of the writedown. In this case, the excess of the value of the revaluation over the amount of the markdown is attributed to the additional capital.
Depreciation of the object (in full or in part) reduces the additional capital if:
- the object was revalued in previous reporting periods with the revaluation amount attributed to additional capital, and the amount of the current markdown does not exceed the previous revaluation;
- the object was revalued in previous reporting periods with the revaluation amount attributed to additional capital, and the amount of the current markdown is greater than the revaluation amount. In this case, the additional capital is reduced by the amount of the previously made revaluation.
When filling in this line, turnovers for the reporting period on account 83 are used in correspondence with accounts 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 08. In this case, both debit and credit turnovers on account 83 are taken into account in correspondence with the indicated accounts.
If the sum of credit turnovers exceeds the sum of debit turnovers, then as a result of revaluation of non-current assets and checking for impairment of intangible assets and search assets the additional capital of the organization increased. The difference between credit and debit turnovers on account 83 in correspondence with the indicated accounts is reflected in line 2510.
If the amount of debit turnovers turns out to be greater than the amount of credit turnovers, then the result of the revaluation of non-current assets and the impairment test of intangible assets and exploration assets is a decrease in additional capital, which is indicated in line 2510 of the income statement in parentheses.
The results of the revaluation of non-current assets are proposed to be reflected in the notes to the balance sheet and income statement. So, in the proposed tabular form 2.1 "Presence and movement of fixed assets" columns are provided to reflect changes in the initial cost and accrued depreciation based on the results of the revaluation. In this case, the column "initial cost" should indicate the current market value or current (replacement) value.
In the column "Changes for the period. Revaluation. Initial cost" of line 5200 "Fixed assets (excluding profitable investments in material values) - Total. For the reporting year" the difference between the debit turnover for the reporting period on account 01 in correspondence with accounts 83, 91-1 and the credit turnover for the reporting period on account 01 of correspondence with accounts 83, 91-2 is recorded due to the depreciation of fixed assets.
The column "Changes for the period. Revaluation. Accumulated depreciation" of line 5200 indicates the difference between the credit turnover for the reporting period on account 02 (analytical account for depreciation of fixed assets) in correspondence with accounts 83, 91-2, in connection with the revaluation of fixed assets and debit turnover for the reporting period on account 02 (analytical account for depreciation of fixed assets) in correspondence with accounts 83, 91-1.
If the difference is negative, the indicators entered in these columns are given in parentheses.
In the financial statements, subject to disclosure, taking into account materiality, including information on changes in the value of fixed assets and intangible assets, in which they are accepted for accounting in connection with the revaluation of objects (clause 32 PBU 6/01, clause 41 of the Accounting Regulation " Accounting for intangible assets" (PBU 14/2007), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 27, 2007 N 153n).

End of example 2. The results of the revaluation of a group of homogeneous fixed assets carried out as of December 31, 2015, resulting in their revaluation in the amount of 1,776,904 rubles, are reflected in the financial statements as follows.
In the balance sheet when forming the indicators entered in the column "as of December 31, 2015":
- line 1130 "Fixed assets", including the residual value of a group of homogeneous fixed assets after the revaluation - 13,622,946 rubles. (21 550 425 - 7 927 479);
- line 1340 "Revaluation of non-current assets" - 1,139,635 rubles;
- lines 1370 "Retained earnings ( retained loss)" - 637,269 rubles.
The reduced amounts of the replacement cost of objects (21,550,425 rubles) and accrued depreciation (7,927,479 rubles) are taken into account when forming the indicators entered in the columns "At the end of the year. Initial cost" and "At the end of the year. Accumulated depreciation" line 5200 " Fixed assets (excluding investments in material assets), total" and for the corresponding group of fixed assets in the tabular form of subsection 2.1 "The presence and movement of fixed assets" section. 2 "Fixed assets".
In the reference section of the statement of financial results, part of the revaluation amount attributable to additional capital (1,139,635 rubles) is taken into account when forming the indicator entered in line 2510. Its second part, 637,269 rubles, is taken into account when forming the indicator indicated by line 2340.

Impact on tax liabilities

The results of revaluations carried out by organizations in accordance with the rules of accounting legislation are not taken into account for profit tax purposes. In tax accounting, a positive (negative) amount of revaluations made after January 1, 2002 is not recognized as income (expense) taken into account when determining the tax base. This amount is also not accepted when determining the replacement cost of depreciable property and when calculating depreciation for tax purposes (paragraph 6, clause 1, article 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
Recall that the initial cost of fixed assets for the purposes of taxation on profits can only change in cases of completion, additional equipment, reconstruction, modernization, technical re-equipment, partial liquidation of the relevant facilities and on other similar grounds (clause 2 of article 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
Thus, after the revaluation by the organization for objects with identical indicators of the initial cost and term beneficial use, depreciation for which is accrued on a straight-line basis, different amounts of depreciation will be charged in accounting and tax accounting. And this, in turn, will oblige the organization to refer to the Accounting Regulation "Accounting for corporate income tax settlements" PBU 18/02 (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 19, 2002 N 114n).
Depending on the result of the revaluation (revaluation or devaluation), when depreciation is calculated, permanent differences will arise, leading to the need to accrue a permanent tax asset:
Debit 68, subaccount "Calculations for income tax", Credit 99, subaccount "Permanent tax liabilities (assets)",
- accrued permanent tax asset;
or permanent tax liability:
Debit 99, subaccount "Permanent tax liabilities (assets)", Credit 68, subaccount "Calculations for income tax",
- accrued permanent tax liability.
The results of the revaluation at the same time are taken into account when calculating the property tax. After all, this tax is calculated on the basis of information on the residual value of fixed assets according to accounting data.
Recall that average annual cost property recognized as an object of taxation for the tax period is determined as the quotient of dividing the totality of the residual value of the property on the 1st day of each month of the tax period and the last day of the tax period, by the number of months in the tax period, increased by one (clause 4 of Art. 376 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
In accounting, as mentioned above, data on fixed assets as of December 31 are given taking into account the revaluation.

Basic material and not tangible assets constantly change their residual value. The majority gradually loses it, transferring it to the products produced with their help - being depreciated. But there are also situations when, as a result of modernization or improvement, an asset increases in value. In addition, the company renews its tangible assets, acquiring new ones to replace worn ones, and expanding their base. One way or another, the value of the company's fixed assets is a parameter that is constantly in dynamics, and therefore requires regular analytical and accounting.

It is important that this parameter is in real accordance with the market characteristics of the value, in order to reflect the true residual value in accounting documents, and not just expressed in certain figures.

In the article, we will highlight the essence of the revaluation procedure for the organization's main property assets, how it takes place in accordance with the latest legislative innovations, and also show how this is done using a specific example.

The essence of the revaluation of fixed assets

The property of an enterprise changes its value over time as a result of depreciation (physical and/or moral). In parallel, market processes are taking place, changing the price of various assets at different speeds: real estate, equipment, tools, Vehicle etc. The reassessment is carried out precisely in order to bring these data to a single indicator.

The dynamics of the market value of assets is very uneven, it is difficult to assess it in terms of certain factors, so the value of property at any given moment does not reflect its real price in modern conditions market. Hence, significant distortions in various asset parameters are possible:

• cost;
• depreciation charges;
• profitability of funds;
• basis for taxation.

So, revaluation of fixed assets of the organization- these are clarifying measures to bring the residual value of assets to the level of their actual market price, that is, the establishment of the full price that would be required to restore or renovate them to their original state in modern realities.

FOR EXAMPLE. Two years ago, the company purchased new equipment that cost 50,000 rubles. For two years, it lost 7 thousand rubles as a result of depreciation. Therefore, its residual value accounting documents will amount to 43 thousand rubles. But as a result of certain market processes (the manufacturer released an improved model), the real cost of such equipment given level depreciation on the market is only 35 thousand rubles. This means that today it can be sold for exactly this amount. It is necessary to make a revaluation, as a result of which this equipment will be reflected on the balance sheet at a cost of 35 thousand rubles, which is its real market price, reliable in financial accounting.

Is it necessary to revalue funds?

According to clause 15 PBU 6/01 “Accounting for fixed assets”, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 30, 2001 No. 26n, the enterprise has the right, but is not obliged to revaluate its property. The necessity of this procedure Russian Federation abolished in 1997.

The legislative procedure for the revaluation of property funds is set out in the Tax Code of the Russian Federation in Art. 256 "Depreciable property", as well as in art. 257 "The procedure for determining the initial cost of depreciable property." According to the regulations, the following conditions must be met:

• once having carried out a revaluation, the company must do this procedure regularly, but not more than once a year (this becomes an obligation);
• the result of the revaluation in the documents must be reflected at the end of the reporting period (before 2011 it was - at the beginning);
• objects of revaluation must be owned by the organization;
• the revaluation procedure must be approved in the accounting policy of the organization;
• the beginning of the revaluation process is initiated by an order for the enterprise and the compilation of a list of revalued objects;
• commercial enterprises leave the question of the independence of the revaluation or the involvement of third parties for this at their own discretion.

Goals and objectives

In accounting practice, the revaluation of fixed assets of an enterprise is carried out in order to:

• determine an adequate market value of the underlying asset;
• to attract investment partners(for example, for collateral value when lending);
• with prospects of increasing authorized capital;
• with plans for restructuring;
• to clarify the cost and price of manufactured products (within the framework of financial analysis);
• to avoid a fall in the market value of assets below the authorized capital (this threatens with the liquidation of the company);
• if you need to provide financial statements according to international standards;
• when insuring property (the insurance base is being specified);
• the ability to reduce property tax (for companies with low profits), since the cost of fixed assets on the balance sheet will decrease;
• reduction in the income tax base (for profitable organizations) as a result of an increase in depreciation charges, if the cost of fixed assets increases after revaluation.

What kind of property can be revalued

Revaluation of fixed assets can be carried out in relation to:

• working equipment;
• real estate - buildings and structures, including unfinished ones;
• devices, machines, tools;
• computer technology;
• Vehicle;
• various inventory;
• equipment that is only prepared for installation;
• any fixed assets that this moment do not work, but are not written off from the balance sheet (on conservation, in reserve, being prepared for write-off, etc.).

Materiality of OS revaluation

The materiality requirement is set out in clause 44 of the Guidelines on Accounting for Fixed Assets, approved by Order of the Russian Ministry of Finance dated October 13, 2010 No. 91n. It states that the cost of revalued fixed assets, reflected on the balance sheet, must differ significantly from the original, otherwise there is no point in revaluing. The materiality barrier is conditionally set at 5% (according to the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 22, 2003 No. 67n), each organization has the right to independently establish it in the accounting policy, fixing it in local acts.

FOR EXAMPLE. LLC "Brigantina" decided to revaluate the main assets. According to the balance at the end of the previous reporting year, the value of fixed assets was 2,000,000 rubles. (assume that the OS group is homogeneous). After the revaluation, the current (replacement) value of the assets amounted to 2,200,000 rubles. The difference is 2,200,000 - 2,000,000 = 200,000 rubles, which is 10% recognized as a significant difference, so these changes should be reflected in the balance sheet.

If the replacement cost had amounted to 2,020,000 rubles, then the resulting difference would not have been recognized as significant and the revaluation decision would not have been made.

What is required for a reassessment?

Before you start the procedure for reassessing the OS, you need to carry out a number of preparatory activities, such as:

1. Checking the presence of objects of fixed assets subject to revaluation. This stage ends with the compilation of a statement with a list of revalued objects.
2. Making a decision on revaluation and documenting it. Issuance of an organization order for all services that will take part in this process. The text of the order should reflect the following features:
   • objects subject to revaluation;
   • methodology for revaluation (method, method of reflection on the balance sheet);
   • persons responsible for conducting and processing the revaluation.
3. Collection and adoption of the necessary related information:
   • information about the level of market prices for similar fixed assets (according to statistical data, information from trade inspections, etc.);
   • data on market value from the media and special literary sources;
   • information about the cost of products of partners and competitors;
   • expert opinions.

Revaluation methods

The law defines two possible methods for changing the book value of fixed assets:

• indexing- fixed assets cost is adjusted on the basis of special statistical deflator indices;
• direct recalculation against real market prices- is used more often, since at present Rosstat does not publish on a regular basis the statistical indices necessary for the application of the first method.

NOTE! If this or that fixed asset has already been subjected to revaluation, then in the future, this procedure requires recalculation at its replacement cost, taking into account the accrued depreciation amount during the use of this property.

Revaluation results

The result of the revaluation of assets may be an increase or decrease in value, compared to the market value. Thus, on the balance sheet, one of two statutory procedures: revaluation or markdown, after which the replacement cost on the balance sheet will be taken as the original one.

OS reassessment

If the replacement cost turned out to be more than the residual value, then this fixed asset must be revalued.

The amount by which the value of an asset or group of assets has been increased is credited to the company's additional capital. In previous years, the amount of depreciation deductions that amounted to a write-down and included in the balance sheet as “other expenses” should have been equal to the accrued revaluation and included in “other income”.

Balance sheet entries:

• debit 01, credit 83/91.1 - the amount of the initial cost of the fixed asset has been increased;
• debit 83/91.1, credit 02 - the amount of depreciation deductions for this fixed asset has been increased.

OS markdown

Produced if, according to the results of indexation or recalculation, the replacement cost turned out to be less than the residual.

This amount is referred to "other expenses": it reduces the additional capital of the organization, which was formed due to the revaluation of this fixed asset in other periods. The amount by which the excess turned out is the markdown. It is classified as "other expenses".

Balance sheet entries:

• debit 83/91.1, credit 01 - the initial cost of the fixed asset is reduced;
• debit 02, credit 83/91.1 - the accrued depreciation of fixed assets has been reduced.

ATTENTION! If, as a result of the revaluation, an item of fixed assets completely loses its value and is subject to write-off, its disposal is recorded, which is reflected in the composition of “other expenses”. In this case, the amount of its revaluation should be transferred to the retained earnings of the organization.

Impact on tax accounting

From the point of view of taxation, neither the revaluation nor the depreciation of fixed assets affects the amount of income or expenses of the organization, since the funds were not actually spent or acquired. Therefore, income tax from the results of the revaluation will not change. This is reflected in the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and in the letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 8, 2011 No. 03-03-06 / 1/412, dated September 8, 2011 No. 03-03-06 / 1/544.

ATTENTION! Tax code provides for a change in the value of fixed assets only in cases clearly defined by law, such as reconstruction, modernization, liquidation, etc. (part 2 of article 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Revaluation is not included in this list.

However, the revaluation will affect the tax base calculated for the payment of property tax.

Therefore, in accounting and tax accounting, the amount of depreciation for a given fixed asset or a homogeneous group will be reflected differently. Such a constant difference causes the appearance of a permanent tax asset (clause 7 PBU 18/02).

Revaluation factor

This indicator is the ratio of the real (replacement) cost of fixed assets to the original.

Sometimes the revaluation factor is called the deflator index, developed by Rosstat for revaluation by the indexation method. Within the framework of this method, the initial cost of fixed assets had to be multiplied by the coefficient established by Rosstat for this group, valid for the required period. These coefficients were regularly published by Rosstat specifically for revaluation purposes. Rosstat developed them based on the prices of manufacturing firms, and for real estate objects - on the basis of prices for construction and installation works in various regions.

Today, the indexation method has not been officially abolished, but in fact it has lost its validity, since Rosstat has ceased to publish the regular dynamics of statistical deflator indices. It is not forbidden for an enterprise to apply indexation during revaluation, but at the same time it must set the index either on its own or by contacting Rosstat on a paid basis. Therefore, in practice, with the modern revaluation of fixed assets, the direct recalculation method is almost universally used.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION! Since, from the point of view of the law, there is a choice between the method of indexation and direct recalculation during the revaluation of fixed assets, it should be reflected in the accounting policy of a particular organization.

When changing the authorized capital, expanding the business and in other cases, knowledge of the market value of the property is necessary. The easiest way to determine the true price is by revaluation. What are the rules regarding asset revaluation in 2019?

One of the main tasks of modern accounting is the accounting of fixed assets. At the same time, their value tends to change against the backdrop of inflation and a market economy.

From an accounting point of view, the assessment should be considered in a complex manner with respect to the display of revaluation transactions in accounting. What is the procedure for revaluation of fixed assets in 2019?

What you need to know

The organization has full right revalue fixed assets. The main purpose of this procedure is to establish the true price of objects based on market prices and conditions for reproduction.

The company can independently decide whether to revaluate or not. But it must be remembered that when conducting a reassessment, in the future it should be carried out regularly, no more than once a year.

Regular revaluation of fixed assets is carried out in order to establish their true value, that is, so that the value of the appraised objects displayed in accounting does not differ significantly from the current value.

Definitions

Revaluation is the procedure for clarifying the replacement cost of an object, the purpose of which is to bring the value to the current level of market prices.

The revaluation process consists of recalculating the original cost and the depreciation amount calculated for the period of application. The result of the revaluation depends on whether the calculated amount is greater or less than the original price.

When the replacement cost turned out to be more than the residual (initial) cost, then there is a markdown. The replacement cost exceeded the residual value - there is an additional assessment.

The results of the revaluation are not included in financial statements of the past year. The obtained indicators are used exclusively when creating at the beginning of a new reporting period.

But the term "revaluation of fixed assets" is not as clear as it seems. This is due to different definitions of the concept in different standards.

Now the entity can develop revaluation indices on its own, guided by information about the inflation rate in the region of presence, or order paid development from the State Statistics Committee.

As a rule, the indexation method is more difficult to implement, therefore, the revaluation of an object of fixed assets is more often carried out by recalculation.

The amount of a markdown or revaluation of an object is found by deducting the original cost from the replacement cost, established as a result of the revaluation.

In international accounting, revaluation of fixed assets is regulated. According to these standards, revaluation is carried out at fair value.

This is determined on the basis of market data. That is, the calculation of the replacement cost in PBU is a variant of revaluation under IFRS.

Order formation

The decision to reassess the fixed assets should be fixed in the corresponding order of the head.

This document contains information such as:

Guided by the order, the accountant prepares a list of objects that must be revalued and first checks their availability.

The list contains information on each object of the conditional OS group, namely:

• exact name;
• acquisition date;
• date of registration.

What date is produced?

An economic entity has the right to revalue its fixed assets no more than once a year, at the end of the reporting period, that is, on the thirty-first of December.

The exact date of revaluation is determined by the period of formation of the annual balance sheet. This is due to the fact that the results of the revaluation are included in the financial statements.

The annual balance sheet must be approved no later than six months after the end of the reporting year for JSCs and no later than four months for LLCs.

Thus, the period of revaluation is the period from December 31 of the reporting year to the date of approval of the balance sheet.

Once evaluating a group of homogeneous OS objects, the enterprise must re-evaluate regularly. But it is not legally established what exactly is meant by regularity.

Therefore, it is possible to commit to reassessment annually, every two or three years or more, but not more than one assessment per year.

The organization must strictly comply with the approved frequency of revaluation.

That is, if the last revaluation was carried out for a certain group of objects, then after the time specified in the accounting policy, these fixed assets must be revalued again. Responsibility, tax and administrative, is provided for the irregularity of revaluation.

Impact on financial results

As a result of the revaluation, the object is depreciated or revalued. At the same time, underestimation increases personal capital, the size of net assets and the tax base for . Markdown − Reduces the given values.

An additional assessment of fixed assets is recognized as beneficial for an enterprise when:

But when applied, the subject will have to pay a large amount on tax collection on property. And vice versa, tax payments to the budget are reduced with a markdown.

Fixed asset revaluation accounting

The results of the revaluation of fixed assets should be displayed in accounting. Postings in accounting differ depending on the markdown or revaluation, as well as on how many times the object was valued.

When depreciating objects, the following types of accounting entries are used:

Correction of depreciation calculated at the time of revaluation is carried out on the basis of a special coefficient:
In this case, the amount of adjusted depreciation is calculated as:

The following postings are used to display the revaluation of fixed assets in accounting:

The revaluation of fixed assets has a positive effect on the amount of net assets. However, this effect is short-term.

In the long term, net asset indicators improve only due to improved financial performance of the enterprise.

Fixed assets are a significant part of the enterprise's property used in the manufacture of products. Unlike inventories, they are repeatedly involved in the production process, and the accrued depreciation is transferred to finished products gradually. Book value may change during their lifetime. What are the reasons for this and what are the main methods of revaluation of fixed assets, we will consider in this article.

Revaluation: causes and legal framework

Fixed assets upon receipt by the enterprise are accounted for at the initial cost, which is formed from the following costs:

• Payment to the supplier under the supply agreement;
• Transportation costs;
• Dismantling and installation costs;
• Interest on commercial loans and short-term loans;
• Payment for information, consulting, intermediary services;
• Other expenses.

The resulting asset price can only be changed by legal basis. The order of the Ministry of Finance of December 24, 2010 names six possible reasons:

1. Completion;
2. Reconstruction;
3. Modernization;
4. Additional equipment;
5. Partial liquidation;
6. Reappraisal.

PBU 6/01 provides an opportunity for organizations to revaluate all or a specific group of fixed assets of the same type at the end of the year. After that, they will be taken into account at the replacement, that is, the market value for today.

PBU 6/01 warns that, having revalued the funds once, the enterprise will have to do this regularly so that their replacement cost does not differ too much from the market.

By agreeing to a regular change in the value of assets, organizations pursue the following goals:

• Increase in the future share capital;
• Attracting investments;
• Clarification of the cost of finished products and their prices.

Revaluation of the value is permissible only for those funds that are owned by the enterprise.

Preparatory stage, choice of method for revaluation of fixed assets

Having decided to re-evaluate, the head of the enterprise issues an order indicating the timing, responsible, interested services. Since all baseline data are taken as of December 31, and the results must be reflected in annual balance sheet, the period will be the time from the beginning of the year until the submission of the report. At the preparation stage, it is necessary to compile a list of all objects, the cost of which will be recalculated. It must contain the following information:

1. Name;
2. date of commissioning;
3. Date of registration in the accounting department;
4. Initial or replacement price taken from accounting documents;
5. The amount of depreciation calculated over the entire period of operation.

Expert method of revaluation of fixed assets

In this case, the enterprise creates commissions from among the most experienced and qualified specialists from different services. They are designed to determine the market value of each item of fixed assets. For these purposes, they can:

• Request a price for similar equipment from the manufacturer;
• Take advantage of the information statistical offices, trade organizations;
• Get information about prices from the media, catalogs, special editions;
• In relation to buildings and structures, use the estimated information in the bureau of technical inventory;
• Involve competent experts in solving the problem.

The main thing in the work of the commission is the obligatory documentary confirmation of all the decisions taken so that it is possible to reasonably answer the questions of the regulatory authorities.

The expert method is time consuming and financial resources, so often the leaders of the enterprise use other opportunities.

Index method of revaluation of fixed assets

This method consists in using indices that take into account fluctuations in the market price for last year. Until 2001 such indices were annually determined by the State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Now each organization can determine the coefficients of increase or decrease in prices on its own, having received information about the level of inflation in its region. You can also make a paid order for the calculation of such an indicator in territorial body Goskomstat.

Some businesses use a deflator set annually to change the tax base for a number of taxes. In its calculation, the price change index for the past year is taken into account. Accepted indices for various groups fixed assets must be indicated in the order of the head or in an annex to it.

The methods of revaluation of fixed assets used by the enterprise must be contained in the accounting policy. In the same place, it is necessary to prescribe a method for calculating the conversion factors for the index method.

Reflection of results in the accounting report

As a result of the revaluation, the value of fixed assets may increase (revaluation) or decrease (depreciation). The revaluation is beneficial for enterprises, because the analysis of the balance sheet shows an increase in the share of the company's own capital in the total capital. This factor is attractive to investors. However, organizations using common system taxation will have to pay increased tax on property.

In the case of revaluation in accounting, the following entries are made:

• D-t 01 / set 83.1 - the cost of fixed assets was increased due to additional capital during the initial revaluation;
• Dt 83.1 / set 02 - additional depreciation has been charged.

If a write-down occurs as a result of a subsequent revaluation, the entries will be as follows:

• D-t 83.1 / set 01 - the cost of fixed assets has been reduced in an amount equal to the amount of the previous revaluation;
• Dt 02 / Kt 83.1 – depreciation adjusted;
• D-t 84 / set 01 - the cost has been reduced by an amount exceeding the previous revaluation;
• Dt 02 / set 84 – depreciation has been adjusted.

As can be seen from these entries, an increase in the value of fixed assets adds additional capital accounted for on balance sheet account 83, a decrease in value, respectively, reduces it. If the markdown on the results of the current year exceeds the revaluation of the past, it cancels the additional capital that was formed last year. The missing funds to cover the markdown reduce the amount of retained earnings recorded in balance sheet account 84.

Automated accounting allows you to conduct analytics on all revaluations that have taken place at the enterprise and generate correct postings.

The revaluation of fixed assets may affect the increase in the value of net assets, improve the performance of the enterprise. Due to the growth of market prices, revaluation and the benefits arising from it are possible. However, if the company lacks financial opportunities in order to upgrade obsolete equipment, expand production, this effect will be short-lived. Morally obsolete, worn-out fixed assets cannot be underestimated. Only an integrated approach to improving production efficiency will really increase equity enterprises.