How to calculate the book value changes. See what "Company Book Value" is in other dictionaries

In late winter and early spring, all organizations are actively preparing accounting statements for 2016. Let's talk about one of the key indicators of any enterprise - book value of assets. Where to see it in the balance sheet for 2016 and how it will help.

Asset composition and where to look

Any specialist who has ever dealt with accounting knows the words "balance sheet" and "organization assets". If we explain their meaning in an accessible language, then it turns out that book value of assets- this is a certain number of funds and benefits that can be expressed in monetary terms.

In the language of accountants, what is the book value of an enterprise's assets, then this is the number of all assets of the firm in pay, which is clearly shown in Bukh. balance.

Assets can be:

• non-circulating - they are summed up in line 1100 of the balance;
• negotiable - spelled out in line 1200.

All major types of property and intangible assets referred to as non-negotiable. They appear in the balance sheet according to their residual value(for which they were received / purchased, taking into account the subsequent aging, wear and tear and revaluation, which was carried out by the company).

TO working capital owns assets, the use of which in the activities of the enterprise to achieve financial success has a fairly frequent character. They are involved for 12 months or another established cycle. These include:

• materials needed for production;
• debtors' debts to the company;
• monetary assets and the like;
• VAT on property purchased by the company;
• financial investments, etc.

It's not hard to find book value of assets: this is a line 1600 in balance. It shows the amount of both current and non-current assets.

So there is only one option, where to look at the balance sheet value of assets: it is spelled out in line 1600 of the balance sheet.

What is the calculation for

Calculation book value of assets do primarily for financial analysis enterprises. These data are used (see table):

Thanks to book value of assets businesses also determine how big the deal is. This follows from Article 46 of the Law<Об ООО˃ № 14-ФЗ. Чтобы выяснить масштаб сделки, сравнивают стоимость активов по балансу и цену имущества, с которым компания может расстаться по этой сделке.

If this amount is 25% of the value of all assets or more, then the transaction is considered large. In this case, to confirm it, it is necessary to hold a meeting of participants (shareholders).

To have an idea of ​​the real financial condition of the enterprise, you should analyze its assets and the sources of their occurrence. Such an assessment can be carried out in different ways based on the goals: to register the property, reflect it in the statements, charge taxes, etc. In the financial statements, the types of the company's property are presented in monetary terms. To maintain accurate accounting at the enterprise, you should know the rules for determining the balance sheet.

Fixed assets: concept and characteristics

To manufacture products and carry out other activities, the enterprise uses the means of labor. These can be buildings and other real estate, equipment, machinery, vehicles, etc. Such property is called the main asset (OS) of the enterprise and has the following characteristics:

• It is not consumed in the production as raw materials and materials;
• Not used for sale (like goods);
• Brings (or is able to give in the future) some kind of economic income;
• Its service life is longer than 12 months;
• The price is more than 40,000 rubles (for tax accounting - more than 100,000 rubles).

The book value of fixed assets is understood as the value at which they are reflected in the corresponding line of the balance sheet. Distinguish between the initial book value of fixed assets and the residual value. Let's consider each in more detail.

Determination of the initial carrying amount of the property

Fixed assets are accepted for accounting at their original cost, excluding VAT and other refundable taxes. Its calculation is influenced by how the company received the asset.

When buying an OS, it includes:

• The price of the property reflected in the supply or sale contract;
• Costs for delivery of equipment to the place of use and installation;
• State taxes, fees and duties, including customs;
• Service fees (for example, intermediary) and other costs of obtaining the object.

If an enterprise independently manufactures a fixed asset, its initial assessment includes those costs that the firm actually incurred for its manufacture.

There are situations when an asset is difficult to value. For example, an organization receives it under a gift agreement or as a result of a barter transaction. In such a situation, the property is accounted for at the current market price of this or similar objects.

The initial carrying amount of fixed assets is calculated once and is not changed further, except in some cases:

• Completion of the property or its reconstruction;
• Property modernization;
• Partial liquidation of an asset;
• Revaluation.

The company has the right, no more than once a year, to revalue its assets and record them on the balance sheet at the current (or replacement) value. Such revaluation is carried out both upward and downward (revaluation and markdown, respectively). The recalculation must be done at market prices, in the presence of supporting documents, or by indexing.

Determination of the residual book value

The property already owned by the company is assessed in the balance sheet at its residual value. To calculate it, you must subtract the amount of depreciation charged on the asset object from the original estimate.

If the company carried out a revaluation, in this case, the carrying value of the property will be equal to its replacement value less accrued depreciation.

In order to determine the amount of depreciation, they use different methods specified in the legislation. The simplest is the linear method.

During the initial registration of each OS, the useful life is calculated. To determine it correctly, it is necessary to decide which depreciation group the property belongs to according to the OS Classifier.

Depreciation is charged starting from the next month after the month when the property was actually put into operation. Depreciation is not charged on land, water and other natural resources. A complete list of such property is indicated in Art. 256 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Advice: you should always check the current changes in legislation for correct accounting. Accounting for fixed assets is regulated, for example, by the Tax Code and PBU 6/01.

Calculation example

Let's consider what the book value of fixed assets is using a specific calculation example. For example, in March, a company purchases equipment for 2,260,000 rubles, including VAT - 18%. All additional costs (for example, delivery to the site and installation) are included in the contract. In this case, the property is registered at the contract price net of VAT, that is, the initial estimate will be 2 million rubles.

Suppose for this group of equipment in the accounting policy of the enterprise there is a linear depreciation method. When registering a fixed asset, the accountant assigned the equipment to group 3. The property is used for 50 months. It turns out that every month the equipment will be depreciated in the amount of 40,000 rubles (2,000,000 / 50).

In April next year, the residual book price of the purchased equipment after 11 months of operation will be 1,560,000 rubles (2,000,000 - (20,000 * 11)).

Where is the quantity used

Assessment of fixed assets in monetary terms is necessary not only for accounting, but also for calculating some ratios and indicators of the financial condition of the enterprise.

The book value of fixed assets is used in the calculation of such financial indicators as:

• Renewal and disposal rates, technical suitability and wear rates;
• Indicator of own working capital;
• The coefficient of the real value of the property, etc.

So, in some forms of statistical reporting, it is required to indicate the accounting value of fixed assets. In addition to the amount of fixed assets, this indicator may include intangible assets.

Book value is the value at which an asset item is recorded on the balance sheet.

The carrying amount of an asset is equal to its original cost less accumulated depreciation.

The initial cost is defined as the sum of all costs of acquiring or manufacturing (constructing) an item, including delivery and installation costs and excluding refundable taxes.

Book value of property, plant and equipment

In accounting, the book value of a fixed asset is considered to be a fixed asset, which is determined as the difference between the initial cost and the amount of accrued depreciation.

When accounting for fixed assets at a revalued cost (revaluation), the book value of the fixed assets is equal to the difference between its current (replacement) cost and the amount of accrued depreciation.

Book value of assets in the balance sheet of the enterprise

The book value of assets is the sum of all funds of the company, which are reflected in the balance sheet.

The book value of assets is the sum of non-current and current assets.

cash;

VAT on purchased values, which is indirectly, but also the property of the enterprise;

short-term financial investments.

For what purposes the book value of assets is calculated

First of all, for the purpose of financial analysis, which is the most important tool for assessing the financial condition of an enterprise.

The book value of assets is an important metric used to analyze the performance of an enterprise.

In particular, the book value of assets is used in calculating:

return on assets, which shows how much profit the company receives from each ruble invested in property;

the asset turnover ratio, which determines the efficiency of their use.

If the company calculates the profitability and asset turnover ratios for its own financial analysis, then the indicator of the book value of assets in some cases must be calculated according to the law.

Thus, the book value of assets is the most important indicator that determines the size of the transaction made by an enterprise.

So, some transactions of an organization for the sale of assets are recognized as large if the value of the property being sold is more than 25% of the book value of the organization's assets.

Therefore, to determine the size of the transaction, it is necessary to calculate the book value of the assets and then determine the value of the property being sold.

In this case, a decision of the meeting of shareholders or founders is required to complete the transaction.

If the book value of assets is determined incorrectly or not calculated at all, the transaction may be invalidated.

Still have questions about accounting and taxes? Ask them on the accounting forum.

Book value: details for the accountant

• Differences between IFRS and US GAAP: property, plant and equipment

  In proportion to the change in the gross carrying amount of the asset, so that the carrying amount of the asset after revaluation is ..., entails an increase or decrease in the carrying amount. If the carrying amount of an asset increases as a result of a revaluation ... a decrease in the carrying amount) is distributed in proportion to the carrying amount of the constituent elements of the fixed asset. It is necessary to estimate the book value of the crews ...

• Fair value of non-financial assets

  The Government of the Russian Federation, as well as bringing the book value of land plots assigned to the institution ... of non-produced assets - For the difference in the excess of the book value of an asset over its fair value ... overrated; bringing the residual book value of the object to its residual fair value ... at the book value specified in the example condition (120,000 rubles from ...

• Overhaul of OS in "1C: BSU", version 1.0

  Fixed assets with an increase in its book value in the program "1C: Accounting ... fixed assets with an increase in its book value in the program" 1C: Accounting ... as a result of which the characteristics of the element will improve. The carrying value of the inventory object is 300,000 rubles ... for repair work, the institution determines the book value of the object, which is subject to disposal (... to budget accounting for the increase in the initial (book) value of the object as a result of the overhaul ...

• PBU 18/02 as amended

  The date is determined as the difference between the carrying amount of the asset (liability) and its value ... of tax: 1. Calculation of temporary differences: Carrying amount - Tax value 2. Calculation of deferred ...

• Changes in the federal standard "Fixed assets": commentary to the Order of the Ministry of Finance No. 253n

  Initial cost) its book value includes the cost of replacing part of ... Federal Law "On State Cadastral Valuation", the book value of fixed assets is subject to revision ... "Fixed Assets". Such value is recognized as the carrying amount of the specified items of property, plant and equipment. When ... according to previously formed estimates (according to the book value of inseparable improvements in the objects used ... the application of the standard); b) if the carrying amount of the item prior to the first application of the standard ...

• Depreciation charge on property received from the treasury

  Takes into account at their book value with the simultaneous acceptance to ... of the object on the corresponding date means the book value of the object, reduced by the amount accrued ... accounting for the fixed asset object at the book value with the previously accrued amount ... accounting for such an object. Example. The book value of the object as of the date of receipt is ... Acceptance of the object from the treasury: at book value 0 101 хх 310 0 ... based on data on its book value, useful life, earlier ...

• Sale and purchase of AU property under an exchange agreement

  This method provides for an increase (multiplication) of the book value and accumulated depreciation by the same ... as of the revaluation date, is deducted from the book value of the item of fixed assets, after which ... the revaluation is attributed to a decrease in the book value of the item of fixed assets (for a loan .. ...

• We reflect the results of the inventory

  Income-generating activity account. Its book value is 43,000 rubles. Depreciation ... a government assignment subsidy account. The carrying value of the assembled computer is 40 ...

• Transition to the application of the standard for property, plant and equipment

  ... (institutions) it is necessary to take into account changes in the carrying values ​​of real estate objects reflected in ... cadastral valuations of assets, is recognized as the carrying amount with further depreciation. ... is carried out on the basis of the revised book value and the revised useful life ... real estate ": a) in the amount of the book value of immovable property (residential premises, non-residential ... fund worth ...

• Measures for the transition to the application of the federal standard "Fixed assets"

  Non-residential premises) ": - in the amount of the book value of real estate (residential premises, non-residential ... Investment property": - in the amount of the book value of real estate (residential premises, non-residential ... items ... of cadastral valuations of assets are recognized by the carrying amount with further depreciation. ... carried out on the basis of the revised carrying amount and the revised useful life ...

• Federal standard "Fixed assets"

  Accumulated impairment loss for the asset. Carrying amount - the initial cost of an asset, taking into account ... for the financial result of the current period. The carrying amount of an item of fixed assets changes when ... its revalued amount. That is, the book value and accumulated depreciation are multiplied by ... the same factor; deducted from the carrying amount, after which the residual value is restated ... useful lives; c) the amount of the book value, as well as the amount of accumulated depreciation ...

• We accept real estate objects for registration at cadastral value

  And government agencies are carried out at the book value with the simultaneous transfer (acceptance ... of their cadastral value, which is recognized as the book value of the specified fixed assets. ... the method provides for an increase (multiplication) of the book value and accumulated depreciation by the same ... revaluation, refers to to decrease the carrying amount of an item of fixed assets (by ... an item as of the corresponding date is understood as the carrying amount of the item, reduced by the amount ...

• Methodical instructions of the Ministry of Finance on the application of the SGS "Fixed assets"

  ...) according to previously formed estimates (according to the book value of inseparable improvements in the objects used ... "); 2.2) in the event that the book value of the object before the first use is not ... value, you can take them into account at book value or in a conditional assessment: 1 ...

• Accounting for fixed assets in the institution since 2018

  60 months. Suppose that the book value of the building, part of the premises of which is transferred ... to previously generated estimates (according to the book value of inseparable improvements to the used objects ... the object - 1 RUB. "(If the book value of the object before the first application of the standard ... assets are recognized by the carrying amount with further depreciation. ... real estate is based on the revised carrying amount and useful life. ...

• Transformation of accounting (financial) statements: practice of conducting

  The relationship of temporary differences arising between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities determined for ... an entity intends to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets or settle a liability ...

Real estate in the balance sheet of the company Real estate appraisal is performed to determine its value before selling or buying, renting out and in many other cases. Depending on the direction of the enterprise, the accounting of objects can be made according to their initial cost less depreciation, or at the current market price. Investment properties are recorded at the end of the reporting period at fair value determined by an international valuation company. Sometimes it is not always possible to compare the objects of the enterprise with the market, which leads to a deeper analysis. In this case, the carrying amount is determined taking into account the profitability of the property. Residual value of intangible assets Intangible assets are property that has no material form.

How to calculate the book (residual) value

The application of this approach also most fully reflects the actual value of the property being appraised. The disadvantage is that wear is determined based on the subjective opinion of an expert, therefore, the data can be distorted if the expert does not have significant experience in his work. After the calculation, each approach separately displays the weighted average value of the object's value and, according to these data, the object is accepted on the balance sheet. ...

It is on the basis of the resulting figure that depreciation deductions are calculated. The question often arises of how to calculate the book value of assets without resorting to complex formulas.

Attention

Such problems very often arise during the division of the business, when the former co-founders begin to divide the capital. There is a simpler solution to the issue. Calculate the value of assets (separately) using a comparative approach.

Book value

The book value of fixed assets - features The book value almost never coincides with the market dictated value of the property, since the mechanisms for determining it are very different. In contrast to the market, where the factor of competition is of great importance, the book value of the property is formed by adding up all actually incurred costs of the company for the construction, acquisition or manufacture of property objects.
How is the average annual book value of property, plant and equipment calculated? Bearing in mind that the book value of fixed assets is their residual value, we can derive the formula: BSos = PSos - Am, where: BSos is the book value of fixed assets; ПСос - the initial purchase price; Am - depreciation charges accrued for the period of operation. Depending on the goals, there are 2 formulas for the average annual book value of fixed assets.

The carrying amount of property, plant and equipment is ...

Info

For the financial analysis, data from the balance sheet of the enterprise are used. In this case, to calculate the average annual cost (BSos (sg)), the average statistical formula is used: BSos (s) = (BSos (ng) + BSos (kg)) / 2, where: BSos (ng) - book value at the beginning of the year; BSos (kg) - book value at the end of the year.

Book value: definition and features

So, you need the book value of your assets, how to calculate it correctly? The algorithm is as follows: to determine the most accurate figure, it is necessary to resort to three approaches to its determination:

1. The most beloved by all appraisers, the market approach should reflect the value of the property that is sold on the market at the time of the determination date. The calculations are based on several analogous objects that are closest to the evaluated one in terms of quality and technical characteristics. Then the appraiser makes the necessary adjustments and receives the market price of the property, calculated by the comparative approach. The disadvantage of this method is that often market prices are too high and do not really reflect the real prices of the property (especially in a financial crisis).

Rules for determining the book value of fixed assets

This is necessary so that accounting data does not lose its reliability and relevance. OS tend to become morally and physically obsolete, which is why their cost also changes.

If, after the revaluation of the property, it is found that the price of the asset has decreased or increased, the residual value is recalculated as follows:

1. Determine the replacement cost of the object at the date of valuation.
2. If the value of the property has decreased, a markdown is made. The balance sheet indicates the calculated amount minus depreciation.
3. In the event of an increase in the value of fixed assets, an additional assessment is made by recalculating depreciation. Changes are made to the balance.

The results of the revaluation of property are attributed to additional capital, that is, there is either an increase or decrease.

What is the book value and the procedure for its calculation

Otherwise, no valuation of the asset is required. At the price determined by the appraiser, the property included in the authorized capital is accepted for listing on the balance sheet of the enterprise. If new equipment is purchased, the carrying amount will be recorded at the purchase price in the current reporting period. When purchasing larger objects, such as industrial premises, retail space or land, it is necessary to conduct a preliminary assessment of assets in order to subsequently put them on the balance sheet of the enterprise. In short, the book value of property, plant and equipment is the expression of each unit of an asset in a specific amount of money.

By the way, according to accounting rules, this amount should be expressed only in ruble terms. How to make the calculations Determining the book value of assets is not such a difficult task.

How to determine the book value of a building

Important

This approach is applicable to both real estate and large equipment.

• The definition of an income approach most accurately reflects the likely value of the object. For this, cash flows are calculated that will flow over several years from the lease of the asset under valuation.

Then the resulting figure is discounted (reduced to value in present tense). The resulting cumulative result is final.

How to find out the book value of a building

If the property is new, then it is reflected in the balance sheet in terms of the value of its actual acquisition. Further, depending on the accounting policy of the enterprise, monthly, quarterly or annually, this property begins to amortize, that is, wear out. Therefore, the accountant begins to calculate depreciation from the initial cost. The amount of depreciation is calculated in monetary terms and is the company's income, therefore, income tax is paid from the depreciation deductions.

The calculation of the value of assets that are purchased on the secondary market or the calculation of the price of large real estate objects is different. You can, of course, take the purchase price of the object as a starting point, but this will not be entirely correct.

It is no secret that most of the objects are sold at slightly changed prices (for example, in order to reduce the income tax that will be charged to the seller).

How to find the book value of a building

That is why, before calculating, it is best to conduct a preliminary assessment for the subsequent inclusion of assets on the balance sheet. By the way, it is hardly advisable to understate the price of fixed assets, since it is it that serves as a "safety cushion" in the event of creditors' claims. Determination of the book value of large assets In order to determine the true market value of large assets, at which, in fact, they should be reflected in the balance sheet, it is best to resort to the services of a professional appraiser. How to determine how large the acquired asset is is very simple. If the value of a property is 20 percent or more of the total balance sheet, this property is classified as a large asset.

For the valuation of long-term assets (fixed assets, stocks, etc.), different methods are used. One and the same object can be characterized by several numerical values ​​of its value.

The key concept in accounting is book value. With its help, they describe the financial position of the enterprise and make its assessment. In the article, we will consider the features of the definition of this indicator and its characteristics. Balance sheet value of fixed assets Form No. 1 - the most important document required for the analysis of the economic activity of the enterprise.

It is he who gives an idea of ​​the assets and liabilities of the subject. Assets make up the company's funds - circulating and fixed.

Accounting for the latter is sometimes difficult: they are repeatedly and continuously used, which affects their cost, and it still needs to be calculated. To simplify this procedure, the concept of book value was introduced.

In accounting form No. 1, the book value of the property is indicated taking into account the revaluation made during the reporting year and the accrued depreciation.

Composition of book value

The book value of the property is calculated as the difference between the initial cost and the amount of depreciation charged for the entire period of operation. During the period of use of property, accountants make a revaluation depending on the inflation index. The revaluation amount is included in the carrying price.

When registering assets, the book value includes the costs of:

• production of property assets;
• fare;
• start-up and commissioning costs;
• consulting services for the operation of facilities;
• customs duties.

Indirect taxes are not included in the book price.

Classification

At the end of the reporting period, the balance sheet indicates the residual value of assets, that is, less depreciation and revaluation.

There are three types of book prices:

• initial - reflects the value of assets at the time of their commissioning;
• replacement - the cost of previously acquired objects, taking into account the cost of reproduction in modern conditions (construction, reconstruction, modernization);
• residual (inventory) - property valuation after depreciation.

Current assets are not included in the property of the depreciation group, therefore, the book price is their cost at the time of acquisition (initial).

The book price of non-current assets is constantly being adjusted. In the course of operation, the property wears out, the cost decreases. In some situations, objects require improvement, which leads to an increase in their price at the expense of the costs incurred.

Accounting for the book price in the balance sheet

When compiling the balance sheet, the full and residual balance sheet value of non-current assets is taken as a basis.

The full carrying value of all assets includes:

• general assessment of non-current assets received on the company's balance sheet during the reporting year from various sources (OSP);
• the total actual value of the property at the beginning of the reporting period (year) (OSn);
• the value of all assets retired from the company during the reporting period (OSV);
• the total actual value of non-current assets as of the last day of the reporting year (OCK).

To check the accuracy of the calculation of the total cost, a control value is applied:

OSk = OSp + OSn - OSv

The residual carrying amount includes:

• the total value of assets received on the company's balance sheet for the entire reporting year (OSP);
• the value of all assets at the beginning of the year (OSn);
• the cost of assets retired during the reporting period (OSV);
• the amount of amortization accrued for the year (A);
• the cost of non-current funds as of the last date of the reporting year (OCK).

The following reference is used to verify that the data is displayed correctly:

OSk = OSp + OSn - Osv - A