Highly developed states. Developed countries: concept, examples

How to identify countries with strong economies among the huge number of countries in the world? To identify highly developed countries, let's pay attention to ratings - results comparative studies made by international experts and organizations to rank countries according to various indicators. Every year, studies are published showing which country has risen to the top, which has dropped. Consider the main indicators by which they determine which countries in 2019 became the most influential in the economic field, have the highest standard of living, prosperity and freedom.

Economic development level

By level economic development assess the efficiency and maturity of the country's economy. No wonder only countries with high level economic development are included in the group of developed, and the rest are called developing. This level is determined by various ratings.

Country ranking by GDP

The key indicator is the level of the gross domestic product (GDP). This is the name for the total value of goods, services and other results of the activities of enterprises, firms, companies, institutions, organizations, individuals. This is the result of the work of all residents of the country in question during the year. It is calculated in two ways. The first is when all the income received for the year is added up: interest, profit, salary, and so on. The second is when expenditures are summed up (government purchases, investments, consumption, exports minus imports). The official source of such information is the database The World Bank... Statistics are updated every year and published in the fall. The indicator is also kept by the International Monetary Fund and the UN.

The backbone of the world GDP is produced by only a few countries, mostly large in terms of territory and population.

If all the goods and services produced in monetary equivalent(GDP) is an absolute value, then comparing the gross domestic product with the population, we get a relative indicator indicating the well-being of citizens.

According to the World Bank and IMF best performance the level of GDP in the United States of America. Based on the countries, the first places in this indicator are occupied by:

The presented table with indicators is the actual value, which does not take into account the difference in prices for similar goods and services. As a consequence of this omission, the GDP of developed countries is often overestimated, while those of developing countries are indicated by lower indicators.

Since purchasing power parity is more important, as it gives an idea of ​​the quality of life in the countries of the world, another rating based on PPP is more credible.

According to the data International Bank, the level of GDP in PPP for the countries of the world is:

The International Bank assesses all the economies of the world with the exception of Syria (due to active hostilities), Somalia (since the state has actually split into several separate parts) and Venezuela (the domestic policy is extremely closed, it is impossible to accurately estimate the level of GDP in PPP).

Economic freedom

The most important indicator of a country's development is the level (or index) economic freedom... It has been identified since 1995 by the American Heritage Foundation Research Center and published annually on its website and in the Wall Street Journal.

Based on the theories of Adam Smith, the experts of the Heritage Foundation define economic freedom as the level of non-interference of the state in the process of production, distribution and consumption, with the exception of situations when it is necessary to protect citizens.

The index is calculated according to the arithmetic mean of ten criteria of freedom - property, absence of corruption, government share in economic regulation, freedom of trade, investment, labor, entrepreneurship, monetary, fiscal, financial. For each of them, an assessment scale is developed from 0 to 100 points, which are eventually summed up. The higher the score, the higher the level of economic freedom.

Thus, Hong Kong, Singapore, New Zealand, Australia, Ireland and Switzerland are considered to be countries with a free economy (from 80 points and above) in 2019.

With regard to countries the former USSR, then in most cases the level of economic freedom in them is weak. Most states are characterized by the active influence of the state on all spheres of life, which often creates some inconvenience and hinders the free development of the economy.

As an example, we present the data of 2 studies conducted in 2016 and 2019 for comparison:

Prosperity rating

The economic achievements of the countries of the world are also measured by the level of prosperity. This indicator is offered by English analytical center Legatum Institute. He has been calculating it since 2006. This index is determined by the level of public well-being of countries in the field of economic development, entrepreneurship, governance, health care, security, education, personal freedoms and social capital. Each of the eight criteria is calculated on the basis of statistical research by the UN, the World Bank, sociological data from the Gallup Institute and other authoritative centers. Based on the results of comparative studies, a rating of states is published annually. In 2019, such results were published in 142 countries of the world.

Norway, Switzerland, Denmark, New Zealand, Sweden, Canada, Australia, and the Netherlands have the best indicators on the Prosperity Index.

Other indicators

There are other indicators by which the rating of a country's economic development is measured. This is the level of GDP per capita. It is not considered a strict characteristic, but it is considered an important indicator.

Recent studies of the level of GDP per capita (nominal) according to the estimates of the World Bank show the following results:

A more accurate characteristic is the level of the same indicator in terms of parity (the ratio of several currencies) of purchasing power per capita for a certain set of services or goods.

Here the first places are occupied by:

Index human development, which has been published in the reports of the United Nations Development Program since 1990, is another traditional comparative indicator of the standard of living and the economy. A very high human development rating, according to the latest report of 2014, is for Norway, Australia, Switzerland, the Netherlands, USA, Germany, New Zealand, Canada, Singapore, Denmark.

Based on all these indicators, the strongest and most efficient economies in the world for 2019 are:

2. Hong Kong

3. Australia

4. Germany

5. Switzerland

7. Netherlands

8. New Zealand

9.Singapore

10. Japan

Corruption Perceptions Index

Since 1996, the ranking of the level of corruption has been recognized as the most important indicator of the state of the country's economy. The official name is the Corruption Perceptions Index. It was introduced by the international non-governmental organization "Transparency International". It takes into account how widespread corruption is in the public sector. This rating is calculated by analyzing surveys and statistics. Corruption in the framework of the study is understood as any personal gain through abuse of official position.

Interesting: the study is based not on statistics of criminal cases or sentences, but on the opinion of those who suffer from corruption or study this phenomenon.

To determine this index, a scale was developed from "zero" to "one hundred", where 0 means the maximum level of corruption, and 100 - its absence. Although the methodology by which the rating is determined has been the subject of criticism, in general it is recognized by the experts as relatively reliable.

The most difficult situation with corruption is observed in the following countries:

Credit Ratings

The economic "health" of a country is also assessed by its financial or credit ratings. They are calculated taking into account financial history state, the size of its property and capabilities, and desire to pay debts. Such an index is needed in order to make it clear to potential lenders or investors how safe it is to deal with the country. Assessment financial ratings give international agencies... Moody’s, Standard and Poor’s and Fitch have the most serious reputations. They work all over the world and help distinguish reliable partners from unreliable ones. Each of them has its own naming system, but in general, countries with high degree Obligations are indicated by the letter A, medium and lower - Ba, risky - B, with high risk and close to default - C.

Index with a "human face"

The last few years have demonstrated the importance of such an indicator of economic development as social progress. Previous metrics answered economic theories, but they did not show how the growth of the economy is reflected in the lives of people. Therefore, in 2013, as an alternative economic indicators an index of social progress was developed. Its author is Michael Porter, professor at Harvard University. This rating is calculated based on the analysis of opinion polls, expert opinions and statistical information from international organizations. In determining the achievements of each country in this area, the researchers took into account more than fifty factors.

1. This is the satisfaction of basic needs - food, water supply and medical care, housing, degree.
2. The fundamental pillars of well-being are then taken into account - access to education and information, literacy and communication.
3. And, finally, the possibilities of development are analyzed - the level of protection of civil and political rights and self-realization is determined.

From the research results that we analyzed, it is clear that there is a direct link between economic freedom, financial security, standard of living and social progress. Countries such as New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Switzerland, Norway, the Netherlands are leading the way among those who provide their citizens with dignity while respecting civil and political rights, as well as honestly paying the bills. Little Asian "tigers": Singapore or Hong Kong, as well as oil "millionaires" (UAE, Qatar) "ahead of the rest" in terms of economic freedom and per capita income. But countries with strong and efficient economies - the USA, China, Japan, Great Britain, Germany - are distributed in the ranking in different positions, because they are far from always able to provide people living there with a high level of income and opportunities for development.

Reports and analytical notes are prepared annually, which allow assessing the state of the world economy and the regional market. occupy a special place in such reports, since analysts keep track of who, where are actively reforming industries, industry, services, education, the army, or the problem of migrants has become aggravated.

Reports and analytical notes are prepared annually to assess the state of the world economy

The collected information is compared, since a particular organization includes a different number of participating countries, and their development (index) is assessed differently. There are general parameters, as well as specific ones, and therefore it becomes necessary to bring together the data provided by such international organizations: IMF, UN, WB, etc.

Developed countries on the world map

The UN evaluates other aspects:

• Production of essential goods and services.
• Poverty rate.
• How entrepreneurship develops.
• The system social insurance, protection.
• State financial market.
• Position banking system.
• Ecological problems.
• Demographic and social sphere... Fertility and mortality.
• GDP level.
• The level of investment and lending to projects and various economic sectors.

All these indicators are necessary in order to obtain a complete and comprehensive picture of each region, to single out the share of developing and capitalist countries in it, choosing the largest, industrially developed and rather promising.

Competitive countries of the world

Recently, IMF experts decided to single out another type - economically advanced countries. These powers include:

1. East Asian: Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong.
2. Cyprus.
3. North American: Canada and the United States.
4. Western European: France, Britain, Italy, Germany.
5. Some and Central who have become.

The number of developing countries changes every year. Considering economic performance countries of the world, then the focus of the economy, including the sectoral one, the presence of relevant science-intensive areas, the level and quality of life of the population are taken into account.

The structure of developing countries

Within the countries that are developing, you can make your own division. For the determination of individual groups, the criteria are:

• structure of productive forces and production;
• economic development prospects;
• economic relations within countries and abroad;
• number of external and domestic debts;
• presence or absence of inflationary growth / decline;
• conditions for the development of transnational corporations;
• the role played by small business in the formation of industries and services.

Gold reserves in various countries

These parameters make it possible to distinguish several types of countries with active emerging market and economics:

1. "Asian Tigers" of Eastern and Latin America.
2. Large and Asian countries that export oil and other minerals. Bahrain, Qatar, Libya, Iraq, the United Arab Emirates are engaged in oil exports. Since each of them has a favorable economic and geographic position, plays an important, practically key role in the market of energy resources and carriers, the population is not poor and can save money.
3. Developing countries where high the average size GDP per capita. For example, in Guatemala or Colombia, there is $ 1,000 per person.
4. , huge territories, large population: India, Indonesia, Pakistan. They develop thanks to investment projects from Europe and America. At the same time, other trends are observed: people often live below the poverty line, the level of GDP is USD 300 per capita, and the rates of industrial development are low.
5. Poor countries in Africa and Asia, for example, Bangladesh, Benin, Somalia, Ethiopia, Afghanistan. Despite the provision of loans, material and technical assistance, these developing countries are struggling to overcome backwardness. The economy has a clear agrarian character; pre-industrial forms of labor prevail in production. Connections with the outside world are either absent or very poorly developed.

In 2020, the number of countries that fall into the category of "developing" reached 132. All of them occupy a special place in the world economy, in different ways they are connected with the capitalist countries, the world economic system and the market. Because of this, a multi-structured economy, dependent on developed and advanced countries, has long been formed in such states.

Watch the video: salaries around the world.

Characteristics of developing countries

• The standard of living of the population is very low.
• There is no middle class. Society is divided into rich and very poor. The income of the rich is many times greater than the income of ordinary citizens.
• The absence of laws, therefore, investors from abroad rarely invest their finances in the economies of countries.
• Financial, tax and banking systems are poorly developed.
• The control device does not work.
• Unemployment is constantly growing, so the population does not have a solid income.
• High birth and death rates.
• Small size and volume of the domestic market.
• Dependence on the developed countries of the world, which gives rise to constant accumulation external debt.
• The presence of specific socio-economic problems.
• The economy is subject to ideology, religion and the political system.
• Community interests prevail, which is why civil society is either just beginning to develop or is completely undeveloped.

Developing countries have scientific and technical potential, but it is weak, which is why scientific areas, economics, and production are practically not developed. At the same time, many states have huge reserves of natural resources.

Developing countries freed themselves from colonial dependence in the sixties, therefore, negative factors are still observed in the social, economic and political structure:

1. The inability to independently cope with internal economic problems, which were previously solved by the metropolitan countries.
2. There are no democratic institutions, which is why political culture is just beginning to develop. The leaders of the country in their rule rely not on various bodies and institutions, but on the army and the police.
3. Corruption and bribery are widespread.
4. Constant wars, interethnic conflicts.
5. Self-isolation formation economic model centralized type. It is not market-oriented and does not take into account the specifics of the global economy, its trends and key changes.

Corruption index in various countries

In many respects, a similar situation in third world countries is due to the fact that in the eighties the Soviet Union and the CMEA states invested money in the construction of metallurgy and heavy industry facilities. Features were not considered geographic location developing countries and their specificity. Therefore, an imbalance arose in them, there was a complete dependence of economies on developed countries.

The division of the world economy into spheres of economic activity and the definition of the main economic relationships between them allow not only to analyze the development trends of individual countries, but also to compare them with each other. However, in the world as a whole there are about 200 countries that are very different in terms of economic development. And knowledge of classifications is extremely important for mutual study and exchange of experience in economic development.

As economically developed countries, the International Monetary Fund singles out the following states: 1. Countries qualifying by the WB and the IMF as countries with developed economies in the late XX - early XXI centuries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece , Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland,.

2. The more complete group of developed countries also includes Andorra, Bermuda, Faroe Islands, Vatican, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Liechtenstein, Monaco and San Marino.

Among the main features of developed countries, it is advisable to highlight the following:

5. The economies of developed countries are characterized by openness to the world economy and a liberal organization of the foreign trade regime. Leadership in global manufacturing determines their leading role in world trade, international movement capital, international monetary and settlement relations. In the field of international labor migration the developed countries act as a host.

Countries with economies in transition

The countries with economies in transition usually include the 28 states of Central and Eastern Europe and the former USSR, moving from centrally planned to market economies, as well as, in some cases, Mongolia, China and Vietnam. Among the countries with economies in transition, due to its political importance, Russia is usually considered separately, without connection with other groups (2% world GDP and 1% of exports). The countries of Central and Eastern Europe that once belonged to the socialist camp, as well as the countries of the former USSR, which are called the countries of the former "ruble zone", stand out as a separate group.

Countries with economies in transition include:

1. Former socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Czech Republic, successors of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia - Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of Macedonia, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro;

2. Former Soviet republics - now the CIS countries: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine;

3. Former Baltic republics: Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia.

The classification is especially difficult, since the construction of capitalism, and therefore market relations, in the PRC is under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). China's economy is a symbiosis of a planned socialist economy and free enterprise. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) classifies China, like India, as an emerging Asian country.

For the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and some Balkan countries, an initially higher level of socio-economic development is characteristic; radical and successful implementation of reforms (“velvet revolutions”); expressed desire to join the EU. The outsiders in this group are Albania, Bulgaria and Romania. The leaders are the Czech Republic and Slovenia.

The former Soviet republics, with the exception of the Baltic states, have been united in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) since 1993. The collapse of the USSR led to the rupture of economic ties that have been developing for decades between enterprises. former republics... The one-time abolition of state pricing (in the conditions of a shortage of goods and services), the spontaneous privatization of the largest export-oriented state-owned enterprises, the introduction of a parallel currency (US dollar) and the liberalization of foreign trade activities led to a sharp drop in production. GDP in Russia has decreased by almost 2 times. Hyperinflation reached 2000% or more per year.

There was a sharp drop in the exchange rate national currency, the deficit of the state budget, a sharp stratification of the population with the absolute impoverishment of its bulk. An oligarchic version of capitalism was formed without the creation of a middle class. Loans from the IMF and other international organizations were used to “patch holes” in the state budget and were plundered uncontrollably. Carrying out financial stabilization through budgetary constraints and restriction or squeeze policies money supply(rise in interest rates) gradually reduced inflation, but had serious social losses (unemployment, growth in mortality, street children, etc.). The experience of "shock therapy" has shown that the introduction of private property and market relations in itself is not a guarantee of the creation of an effective economy.

If we talk about the term "transitional economy", then it is used to characterize the transformation of the economy of socialist countries into a market economy. The transition to the market required a number of significant transformations, which include:

1) denationalization of the economy, requiring privatization and stimulation of the development of non-state enterprises;

2) development of non-state forms of ownership, including private ownership of the means of production; 3) formation consumer market and saturation of it with goods.

The first reform programs consisted of sets of stabilization measures and privatization. Monetary and fiscal restrictions were supposed to bring down inflation and restore financial equilibrium, and the liberalization of foreign relations was to bring the necessary competition to the domestic market.

The economic and social costs of the transition were higher than expected. Prolonged economic downturn, high unemployment, the decline of the social security system, deepening income differentiation and declining welfare of the population were the first results of the reforms.

The practice of reform in different countries can be reduced to two main alternative paths:

1) the way of rapid radical reforms ("shock therapy"), taken as a basis in many countries, including Russia. The strategy was historically formed back in the 1980s by the IMF for debtor countries. Its features were the landslide liberalization of prices, incomes and economic activity. Macroeconomic stabilization was achieved due to the contraction of the money supply and huge inflation as a result.

Urgent systemic changes included privatization. In foreign economic activity the goal was to involve national economy v world economy... The results of "shock therapy" are negative rather than positive;

2) the way of gradual evolutionary transformation of the economy, taken as a basis in China.

Already from the mid-1990s and with the beginning of the stage of recovery, the countries with economies in transition showed good overall indicators of economic development and market economy... GDP indicators gradually went up. However, the unemployment rate remains high so far. Taking into account the different starting conditions for different times of the beginning of the transformations, their results turned out to be different. The greatest successes were achieved by Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Estonia, Slovakia.

In many countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), a high proportion of government spending in GDP: at least 30-50%. In the process of market reforms, the standard of living of the population has decreased and inequality in the distribution of income has increased: about 1/5 of the population was able to raise the standard of living, and about 30% became poor. The former Soviet republics, which are now united in the CIS, can be distinguished into one group. Their economies are showing different rates of market transformation.

Developing countries

Developing countries - 132 countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America, characterized by low and middle income. Due to the wide variety of developing countries international economy it is customary to classify them both by geography and by various analytical criteria.

There are certain grounds for distinguishing yesterday's dependent and colonial countries, lagging behind in their economic and social development and conventionally united by the term "developing", into a special group of states. These countries are home to 80% of the world's population, and the fate of this region will always significantly influence world processes.

The most important criteria for the selection of developing countries is a special place in the system of economic and political ties, the level of economic development and specific features of reproduction and features of the socio-economic structure.

The first and most significant feature of developing countries is their place in the world economy and politics. Today they are part of the world capitalist system and are more or less subject to the prevailing economic laws and world economic trends. Remaining a link in the global economy, these countries continue to have a tendency to deepen the economic and political dependence from the economies of developed countries.

Developing countries are still major suppliers of raw materials and fuels to the world market, despite the fact that the share of developing countries in Western countries' fuel imports for last years decreased slightly. As suppliers of raw materials, they depend on imports finished products so today specific gravity developing countries in world exports is only about 30%, including in the supply of industrial products - 21.4%.

The economy of this group of countries is highly dependent on TNCs, as well as financial dependence. TNCs with the most advanced technology do not agree to transfer it when creating joint ventures in developing countries, preferring to locate their branches there. At least 1/4 of foreign investments of TNCs are concentrated in developing countries. Private capital has become the main element today foreign earnings to developing countries. Foreign direct investment today accounts for more than half of all funds received from private sources.

The level of economic development of developing countries can be characterized as economic backwardness from the most developed part of the world. The low level of development of the productive forces, the backwardness of the technical equipment of industry, agriculture and social infrastructure are the main features of the economy of these countries as a whole. The most characteristic sign of backwardness is the agrarian profile of the economy and the share of the population employed in agriculture. The industrial and agricultural profile of the economy is not typical for developing countries. It has developed only in the most developed countries of Latin America and several Asian states. In the overwhelming majority of countries, agricultural employment is still 2.5 times, and sometimes 10 times higher than the industrial one. In this respect, many oil-producing countries are closer to developing countries than to developed ones.

Features of the socio-economic structure of developing countries are associated with a multi-structured economy. Developing countries are characterized by a significant range of forms of production: from patriarchal communal and small-scale commodity to monopolistic and cooperative. Economic ties between structures are limited. Styles are characterized by their own system of values ​​and the way of life of the population. The patriarchal way of life is characteristic of agriculture. The private capitalist structure includes various forms of ownership and exists in trade and services.

The emergence of the capitalist system has its own characteristics here. Firstly, it is often associated with the export of capital from more developed countries, and in an unprepared economy is “enclave” in nature.

Secondly, the capitalist system, developing as a dependent one, cannot eliminate the multi-structured system and even leads to its expansion. Third, there is no consistent development of one form of ownership from another. For example, monopoly property, most often represented by branches of TNCs, is not a product of the development of joint-stock ownership, etc.

The social structure of society reflects the diversity of the economy. The communal type dominates in social relations; civil society is just being formed. Developing countries are characterized by poverty, overpopulation, and high unemployment.

The economic role of the state in developing countries is very large and, along with traditional functions, includes: the exercise of national sovereignty over natural resources; control over foreign financial assistance to use it for the implementation of projects provided for in the programs of social and economic development of the state; agrarian transformations associated with an increase in agricultural production, the creation of cooperatives, etc .; training of national personnel.

There is a classification of developing countries depending on the level of economic development, measured by GDP per capita:

1) countries with high per capita incomes comparable to those in developed countries (Brunei, Qatar, Kuwait, UAE, Singapore);

2) countries with average GDP indicators per capita (Libya, Uruguay, Tunisia, etc.);

3) poor countries of the world. This group includes most of the countries of tropical Africa, the countries of South Asia and Oceania, and a number of countries in Latin America.

Another classification of developing countries is associated with the level of development of capitalism as an economic structure. From this point of view, the following groups of developing countries can be distinguished:

1) these are states where state, foreign and local capital prevails. The economic activity of the state is state capitalist in content. In these countries, the involvement of foreign capital in the local is high. These countries include Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, as well as a number of small states in the Asia-Pacific region.

2) the second group of states is the largest. Their peculiarity is that here capitalism is represented by "enclaves", and sometimes very isolated. This group includes countries such as India, Pakistan, the countries of the Middle East, the Persian Gulf, North Africa, several countries of Southeast Asia (Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia).

3) the third group - the least developed countries of the world, about 30 countries with a population of about 15% of the population of the developing world. The capitalist structure exists in them in the form of fragments. These capitalist "enclaves" are mainly represented by foreign capital... 2/3 of the least developed countries are in Africa. In the pre-capitalist sector, natural ties prevail. Almost all spheres of employment of the population are traditional ways. The only driving force behind development in most of them is the state. The share of manufacturing in GDP is no more than 10%, GDP per capita is no more than $ 300, and the literacy rate is no more than 20% of the adult population. These countries have little chance of improving their position on their own, relying only on internal forces.

A source - World economy: tutorial/ EG Guzhva, MI Lesnaya, AV Kondrat'ev, AN Egorov; SPbGASU. - SPb., 2009 .-- 116 p.

Today, the list of developing countries consists of 150 states and territories. They occupy most of the land. Many of them were independent even before World War II. However, I would like to consider this topic in all its details.

First group of states

In those days, when the division into capitalist and socialist systems still took place, developing countries were called the "third world". Now they are very heterogeneous. And because of their diversity, it is very difficult to build any typology. But nevertheless, a certain classification exists.

The first group includes the so-called key states. These are Mexico, China, as well as Brazil and India. They are included in the list of developing countries because they have enormous economic, human and natural potential. These four states produce the same amount of industrial products that all the others, only combined, produce. But in terms of GDP, everything is bad. In India, $ 350 per capita is less than 23 thousand rubles.

Higher level

The second group includes states that have also achieved relatively good level economic and social development, but only with a GDP above a thousand dollars. Most of these countries are in Latin America... These are Venezuela, Chile, Uruguay, Argentina and many other states. There are also countries with a similar level in North Africa and Asia.

But this is not all developing countries. The list of states includes only six groups. The third includes industrial territories. These are the countries that made the leap in the 80s and 90s. Moreover, the growth was stunning. The states were even given the nickname "Asian Tigers". And based on such an original name, you can guess which countries these are. These include Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong (an administrative region in China) and Taiwan. Also in the list of developing countries in the second group includes Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia.

Remaining list

The fourth group, which is included in the list of developing countries, is formed from those countries that export oil. Thanks to this resource, per capita GDP can vary from 10 to 20 thousand dollars. Naturally, the list includes Saudi Arabia, UAE, Iran, Qatar, Kuwait, and also Brunei, Libya, etc.

The largest group is the fifth. It is made up of the "classic" developing countries of the world. The list contains the names of states with a mixed backward economy and feudal remnants. Per capita GDP is less than $ 1000 per year. Most of the countries in this group are located in Asia, Latin America and Africa.

And finally, the last category. It is formed by 40 states belonging to the so-called fourth world. That is, those territories where Agriculture, and consumer. In such countries, there is practically no manufacturing industry and about 2/3 of the inhabitants are illiterate. GDP is 100-300 dollars a year (!). And that is a very good indicator. So, for example, in Mozambique, the GDP is 20 cents a day!

Minimum wage

Of course, the developing countries of the world, the list of which is quite impressive, are of certain interest from a political and economic point of view. But most ordinary citizens want to know about salary levels.

According to the 2015 statistics published by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Luxembourg is the best place to live. There, the minimum wage is $ 2,190. This is a little more than 143,000 rubles. In second place is Australia with $ 2,159. This is approximately 141,000 rubles.

Germany ranks third. In the former Germany, the minimum wage is $ 1958, which is 128,000 rubles. The Netherlands is next in the ranking with a minimum wage of $ 1848, which is equal to 120,700 rubles. In the next place is Belgium with an indicator of $ 1,776. This is about 116,000 rubles.

The lowest rates in Europe for minimum wages are in Romania and Bulgaria. The minimum you can count on here is $ 230.4 and $ 195, respectively (15,000 and 12,700 rubles). But even this is twice as much as in Russia. And even more so in Ukraine, where the monthly minimum wage is $ 53.7 (3480 rubles). In general, the states that occupy the first lines in the ratings of the minimum salary are key developing countries. The list is actually longer - you can get acquainted with it individually.

Leaders of the world economy

Well, finally, a few words about states that can boast of a really high standard of living and economy. Developed and developing countries, the list of which is quite wide, make up our entire world. But only the first of those listed produce ¾ of the gross world product. But only 15-16% of the world's population lives in developed countries. But it is they who, one might say, hold the entire economy on themselves.

These are the USA, Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, Germany, Greece, Great Britain, Cyprus, Italy, Spain, Finland and several dozen other states. But despite their status, salaries in many "leading" countries are not encouraging local residents... In the same Greece mentioned in the list, the minimum wage is 580 € (40,200 rubles). However, this is still more than in the Russian Federation.