Design of the title page of the project in construction sample. Work production project - what it looks like

PROJECT OF WORK PRODUCTION

CONSTRUCTION OF EXTERNAL WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE NETWORK (NKV)

1. General part

1. General part

The work project is an organizational and technical document for production purposes, which regulates the rules for conducting construction work and the deadline for their execution, the procedure engineering equipment and arrangement construction site and occupational safety measures. The work project determines the technological discipline at the construction site, the quality, timing and safety of the work.

The project for the execution of work on the installation of the NVC was developed on the basis of:

- Technical specifications.

The project was developed in accordance with current Russian and departmental documents:

- SNiP 12-03-2001 “Labor safety in construction” part 1;

- SNiP 12-04-2002 “Labor safety in construction” part 2;

- Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 N 87 “On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content”;

- SNiP 1.04.03-85* “Norms for construction duration and backlog in the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures”;

- “Fire regulations in the Russian Federation” approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 390 of April 25, 2012;

- SP 48.13330.2011 "Construction organization";

- SP 45.13330.2012 "Earth structures, foundations and foundations";

- GOST 12.3.002-75 "Production processes";

- GOST 24297-2013 "Verification of purchased products. Organization and control methods";

- GOST 21779-82 "Accuracy assurance system geometric parameters in construction. Technological tolerances";

- RD 11-02-2006 “Requirements for the composition and procedure for maintaining executive documentation”;

- GOST 19596-87 * "Shovels. Technical conditions";

- SP 70.13330.2012 "Load-bearing and enclosing structures".

2. Organization and technology of work

Before starting work, the contractor must familiarize himself with the requirements for the performance of work, for the maintenance of the construction site and for working with design and as-built documentation.

- Work must be carried out in accordance with the developed projects.

- Work carried out at the construction site must be agreed upon with the general contractor, supervisory authorities, with the fulfillment of their requirements.

- Related work carried out by different contractors must be carried out according to the agreed work schedule.

- The placement of temporary administrative and utility structures and on-site warehouses must comply with the construction plan and must be agreed upon with the general contractor.

The laying of pipelines for the construction of water supply and sewerage networks is expected to be done in an open way.

2.1 Preparatory period

Before the start of work, the customer must issue and transfer to the contracting construction organization a permit to carry out work.

Before you start earthworks on the territory, the general contractor (subcontractor) and the administration of the organization operating the facility are required to issue an admission certificate in the form of Appendix B to SNiP 12-03-2001.

To perform work in areas of hazardous production factors, the occurrence of which is not related to the nature of the work performed, a permit must be issued in the form of Appendix D to SNiP 12-03-2001.

Install inventory buildings and structures in accordance with the construction site plan. Familiarize construction participants with the excavation project and labor safety rules against signature.

Draw up a permit for trenching with a list of benchmarks and references attached. On the as-built drawing, the work foreman must provide the excavator driver with a diagram for securing the axles with the actual distances between them and the absolute marks of the signs.

Before starting excavation work, it is necessary to deliver mechanisms, materials, and tools to the work area.

Preparatory work includes the following items:

1. Creation of a geodetic alignment base at the construction site.

2. Carrying out the transfer of the project to the area with the breakdown and fixation of axes and points with the installation of additional benchmarks.

3. Clearing the area.

4. Carrying out drainage from the territory

5. Providing illumination working area in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.046-85. SSBT "Construction. Standards for lighting construction sites."

2.2 Main period

The work on the installation of a sewerage network includes:







4) installation of pipes, wells, valves, etc.;



The work on installing a water supply network includes:

1) excavation of soil with an excavator;

2) modification of the trench base;

3) sand preparation device;

4) installation of pipes, wells, valves, etc.;

5) backfilling the trench with layer-by-layer compaction.

2.3 Basic instructions for carrying out excavation work

Excavation guidelines

The work on constructing trenches for laying water supply and sewerage networks is carried out identically.

The depth of soil development when laying networks is determined by the project.

Before starting work, it is necessary to familiarize the personnel involved in the work with this project.

By the time work begins on excavation and excavation, it is necessary to check the completion of the preparatory stage, including:

- Familiarization of all participants in the process with this project, the necessary explanations and applications.

- Conducting labor safety briefings construction work in general and for each type of work in particular, including fire safety in construction, safety of work using mechanized means, etc. Confirm the instructions with appropriate signatures in the safety log.

- Divide the trenches into grips with stakes with cords stretched between them, noting the direction and steps of the penetrations. All stakes must be leveled. Give the necessary instructions to excavator operators.

- Create conditions for the movement of vehicles taking part in the work, including the preparation of temporary roads and corresponding travel patterns. Organize the movement of vehicles at the site in accordance with the requirements of the construction plan and this work plan. Vehicles can leave the territory only after the wheels have been washed.

- Checking the serviceability of the equipment necessary for this stage and compliance with its technological characteristics.

- At the time of commencement of excavation work, the necessary fencing must be installed and prepared, indicated and appropriately marked hazardous areas, all necessary auxiliary equipment has been prepared.

- Fences, ladders, necessary devices must be checked for compliance with safety standards in accordance with the section of this project.

The development project envisages sequential excavation of soil by tunneling, by moving away and unloading the excavated soil into a dump truck or dump with further disposal of the soil. Development of a trench at each excavator parking point involves using the maximum effective operating radius of a given machine (R=10 m) to ensure high labor productivity.

Main work cycles and stages:

- access of the excavator to the parking area;

- soil sampling with a bucket;

- turning and unloading soil into a dump or dump truck.

This item of work involves excavation using the following machines:

- Excavators Volvo 240, HITACHI 200, CAT 320 or analogues.

2.4 Requirements for excavation work

Excavation work should be carried out in compliance with quality requirements and with mandatory operational control of all technological processes. It is recommended (necessary) to provide all subdivisions for the production of earthworks with operational quality control cards.

Excavation work must be carried out in compliance with the Rules of labor protection, industrial sanitation and the latest achievements in the field of labor protection.

The technology and organization of earthworks should provide for the flow of their production.

Construction machinery and equipment for excavation work must comply with technical operating conditions, taking into account the conditions and nature of the work performed.

2.5 Instructions for the installation of sewerage and water supply systems

Installation of sandy bases for pipes

This type of work will be carried out using hand tools and Volvo 240, HITACHI 200, CAT 320 excavators. Sand is delivered to the site using dump trucks with dumping into a dump. An excavator delivers sand and unloads it into the trenches, after which the base is built manually.

The cushion under the pipes should be suitable for all types of soils. For these purposes, sand is used, the layer thickness of which must be provided for in the project. The cushion under the pipes should not be compacted except for areas 2 meters before the inspection well or to the wall of the well from the side of the inlet pipe. The pillow must be carefully leveled. When laying pipes, pits must be installed at the places where the butt joints are made.

If the bottom of the trench for the pipe is flat and does not require a cushion (for example, in soils with high internal friction), it may be necessary to slightly excavate the soil at the base along the width of the pipe and replace it with a softer one. The soil removed during the preparation of the trench can be used for the initial filling of the pipe, provided that it does not contain stones (the maximum allowable size is 20 mm, individual stones up to 60 mm can be left in the soil). If the soil for filling is intended to be compacted, it must be suitable for such an operation. If the excavated soil is not suitable for sprinkling the pipe, then sand or gravel with a fraction size of 22 mm or crushed stone with a fraction size of 4-22 mm should be used for this purpose. The compaction coefficient is specified according to the project requirements. The initial coating of pipes should be carried out across the entire width of the trench to a height of at least 0.15 m from the top of the pipe.

Pipe laying

The weight of one section of water supply and sewerage pipes allows for the use of manual labor when laying them. Therefore, this process does not use a special construction equipment. To ensure production flow, it is necessary to place the pipes along the laying path at the edge of the trench before direct installation.

For convenience and speed, the pipe will be lowered using ropes in a team of three people. Two workers lower from the edge of the trench, one, located at the bottom, accepts and connects the sections to each other.

Polymer pipe connections can be divided into two types:

- One-piece:

produced by butt welding using a welding tool;

electrofusion;

- Detachable:

flanged;

bell-shaped with elastic seals.

Currently, welding is the most popular method of joining PE pipes. This method allows you to connect pipes directly to each other or to fittings.

Welding connection:

Pipes connected by welding have no less strength than before the connection was made.

The welding technique must ensure that the inherent flexibility of polyethylene pipes is maintained along the entire length of the pipeline. To optimize the connection process, it is possible to connect a long pipeline on the surface of the ground and then lay it in a trench.

Most often, two welding methods are used for PE pressure pipes.

Butt welding

Butt welding is a technology that has been used for many years to join polyethylene pipes with a diameter of more than 50 mm. The ends of the pipes are installed and connected in a special butt welding machine. After alignment and fixation, the edges of the pipes are smoothed using a special electrical device, ensuring their mutual parallelism. Then the ends of the pipes are heated by a heating plate with a fluoroplastic coating, the temperature of which is controlled by a thermostat. The heating plate is placed between the ends of the pipes to be connected. When the edges of the pipes are sufficiently melted, the plate is removed, and the ends of the pipes are pressed against each other and the pipes are allowed to cool.

After welding the joint, a seam is formed on the outer and inner surfaces of the pipe. It can be easily removed using special equipment. The quality of the connection is quickly and reliably established by visual inspection of the seam from the outside.

Electrofusion welding

In electrofusion welding, pipe heating is ensured through the use of polyethylene fittings with heating elements embedded in them during manufacturing. Branch saddles, bends, tees, and plugs equipped with built-in electric spirals are produced; when an electric current passes through the spiral, it acts as a heating element, as a result of which the polyethylene melts and the shaped part is welded to the pipe wall.

Before welding, the surface in the welded areas must be mechanically cleaned to remove possible contaminants and oxide film.

It is important to ensure complete immobility of the pipe and fittings both during the heating process during the passage of electric current, and during the cooling process. When welding a branch seat, properly selected clamps must be used.

Rules for butt welding by contact heating

A similar operation is carried out using a welding and installation installation designed for welding polyethylene pipelines with a pipe wall thickness of more than 4 mm.

The welding and installation kit includes:

- centralizer;

- trimmer with electric drive 220 V, 650 W;

- heating element with electronic temperature controller 220 V, 1000 W;

- hydraulic unit "Gidromoyp-790" 220 V, 370 W;

- control box 220; container for the trimmer and welding mirror;

- liners from 40 to 630 mm depending on the type of machine.

Preparation for welding

Before connecting the end cutter and heating element, you must make sure that the electrical power source is in working condition and meets their specifications.

Before starting work, you should check the serviceability of the drive mechanism, clamping devices, the presence of lubrication of the rubbing surfaces, and the smooth movement of the carriage along the guides.

When welding pipes, appropriate replacement inserts are used.

Installation operation

When resistance welding using mounting devices, the following operations are performed:

- installation and alignment of pipes;

- pipe trimming and degreasing of ends;

- heating and melting of welded surfaces;

- removal of the welding heater;

- mating of heated welded surfaces under pressure (upsetting);

- cooling of the weld under axial load.

The pipes to be welded are clamped with screws in clamps: one in fixed clamps, the other in movable clamps.

Using the drive mechanism, the carriage with the pipe is placed until it stops B*, the ends of the pipes are placed into: a trimming device (for trimming), a welding heater (for reflowing) or into each other (for upsetting).

__________________

* The text of the document corresponds to the original. - Database manufacturer's note.


After fixing and aligning the ends of the pipes, the pipes are trimmed. Upon completion of the operation, it is necessary to raise the trimmer and connect the milled ends of the pipes to check their parallelism.

We separate the ends of the pipes and insert a heated heating element with a fluoroplastic coating.

We heat the ends of the pipes under medium pressure, which is created using a lever.

When forming an edge of 1.5-2 mm, we separate the molten pipes from the heating element and remove it.

As soon as possible, when the heating element has been removed, we connect the pipes under pressure, which is set by the caliper movement lever.

The achieved pressure is fixed using a special handle (turning it clockwise) and the cooling time is maintained to a temperature of 40-50°C.

As the pipe cools, the pressure is released. The welding operation is completed.

When welding, it is necessary to select pipes and fittings according to delivery batches. It is necessary to pay attention to the size of the outer diameter of the pipe and its ellipse. For butt welding maximum value The discrepancy between the edges should not exceed 10% of the nominal pipe wall thickness.

APPENDIX 7

LIST OF INSTALLATION MEANS AND TOOLS

Notes: 1. Section 1 contains the necessary: ​​bridge, truck, pneumatic, crawler, gantry, railway and tower cranes; pipelayers and forklifts; retractable and rolling scaffolding brands PVS-8, PVS-12, VTK-9, etc.; auto hydraulic lifts.

2. Section 2 contains the following: motor vehicles, wheeled tractors; car trailers, semi-trailers, trailers and tractors: railway platforms and wagons; trolleys (transfer, mold, etc.).

3. Section 3 contains: electric, manual and lever winches (mounting traction mechanism); hoists (electric and manual), cats; jacks (hydraulic, rack and pinion, screw).

4. Section 4 contains: blocks; slings; clamps, thimbles, hooks, staples, loops; sling grips, screw ties, cargo screws, etc.

5. Section 5 includes the developed: portals, chevres, mounting beams, traverses, overpasses, rail tracks, guides, etc.; carts and sleighs; disputes, struts, connections, etc.; centralizers.

6. In section 6 they are placed in the following sequence: electric and pneumatic tools (grinders, nut and screwdrivers; flaring, drilling and threading machines; scraping mechanisms; pipe cutters; riveting hammers, sharpeners, etc.; hand tools (multiplier wrenches, keys, screwdrivers, chisels, files, hammers, sledgehammers, etc.); etc.).

7. Section 7 contains: inventory scaffolding; newly developed scaffolding means; safety and signal barriers, etc.

APPENDIX 8

LIST OF MATERIALS AND PURCHASED PRODUCTS