Demographic situation in modern Russia. Presentation on the topic "demographic situation in modern Russia" Modern demographic situation in the Russian Federation presentation

Demographic

situation in Russia

and problems

modern family

PLAN 1. Demographic problems.

• 2. Trends in the development of the modern family in the Russian Federation.

3. State demographic policy.

Demography is the science of the patterns of population reproduction in the socio-historical and social conditionality of this process. )

Demography is the science of the patterns of population reproduction in the socio-historical and social conditionality of this process.

Demographic crisis

(depopulation

A sharp decline in population.

Population explosion" A sharp increase in population. Demographic crises in Russia in the 20th century.

• analyze the chart data: The main criteria for assessing the demographics of Russia from 1992 to 2010.

Causes of the unfavorable demographic situation (according to a survey by VTsIOM)

Family

- a small group based on marriage or consanguinity, whose members are bound by a common life, mutual assistance, moral and legal responsibility

Modern

• Traditional
• Multigenerational
• Reasons for divorce?
• Drunkenness and drug addiction
• Conflicts and scandals

Interference of relatives in relationships Cheating husband or wife Sexual incompatibility

• Among these motives one can highlight
common feature
• - lack of proper socio-psychological preparation among spouses for marriage and fulfilling family roles
• Increasing problems preventing

• Declining economic role of men in the family.
• Reduced effectiveness of interaction between generations in the family.
• Trends in family development in the Russian Federation:
• Reducing the leading position of the family in the socialization of individuals;
• A change in the position of a woman in the family, due to the growth of her authority in society;
• Reducing the number of patriarchal families;
• Development of a partner-type family;

Increase in the number of registered marriages

Increasing age of marriage

Increasing age of parents at the time of the birth of their first child

The number of women exceeds the number of men

Rising number of divorces

Declining average family size

Family development trends in modern Russia

1. Replacement of traditional roles played by husband and wife;

2. Reducing the value of a family with children, the unity of all family generations;

3. Deviant behavior in the family is increasing - alcohol and drug abuse, family violence;

4. The family ceases to depend on social norms and sanctions (laws, morals, customs, public opinion, traditions, rituals) and increasingly depends on interpersonal relationships, mutual affection, mutual understanding;

• Married couple with children
• Registered marriage.
• There are two workers in the family.
• The average number of family members is 3.6 people.

Common deviations from the ideal family model

Incomplete family group, in which one of the members is initially missing (single mother with a child)

A broken family due to the intentional departure of one of the spouses; annulment, separation, divorce

A family experiencing a crisis caused by external events: the death of one of the spouses, imprisonment

A family is “like an empty shell” when spouses live together but maintain only minimal contact with each other

• Population policy– purposeful activity of the state in the sphere of regulation of population reproduction processes.

• System modernization social protection families (compensation for expenses associated with the birth and upbringing of a child in the first years of his life) - "Birth certificates";
• Fertility stimulation - "Maternal capital".
• Development and implementation of housing construction programs for youth: mortgage credit lending, allocation of subsidies to young families, ...

• Increase working population
• Population aging
3. Infantilization of the younger generation 4. Strengthening ties between generations 5. Reducing the number of abandoned children 6. Reducing the number of traditional families

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At the rate Federal service state statistics (Rosstat), the permanent population of the Russian Federation as of December 1, 2009 amounted to 141.9 million people; as of December 1, 2010 - 141.18 million people

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Population growth in the country has stopped since 1991. The mortality rate is 1.5 times higher than the birth rate, the population is declining by several hundred thousand people every year. The decline in mortality as a result of health care developments has been offset since the 1960s. an increase in alcohol mortality (600-700 thousand people per year), which is associated with the world’s highest level of consumption of legal and illegal alcoholic beverages (18 liters per person).

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In terms of life expectancy, Russia ranks among 162 countries for which this indicator was calculated, 109th for men (61 years)

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In terms of life expectancy, Russia ranks 74th among the 162 countries for which this indicator was calculated for women (73.9 years)

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According to a UN Development Program report released in early October 2009, the country, whose population has declined by 6.6 million people since 1993, will lose 11 million by 2025. It is estimated that by 2050 the population of Russia will range from 83 to 115 million. people In 2010, the population of the Russian Federation decreased by 820 thousand people. According to the 2002 Population Census, the population of Russia fell by 1.8 million from 1989 to 2002. Every minute 3 people are born in Russia, and 4 die.

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Poor development of medicine. Alcohol. Every year in Russia about 40 thousand people die from alcohol poisoning. Level of violence in society. Russia is one of the five “leaders” in terms of the number of murders per 100 thousand population. Road traffic accidents. About 35 thousand people die on Russian roads every year. Poor environmental conditions. About 30-40 thousand people go missing every year Unpopularity healthy image life. Major threats to life

Slide 9

Demographic development of the family Predominance of nuclear families The number of families with one parent is growing, the so-called. "maternal family" There are few families of complex composition. In 1994 - 5% of the total. Basically, these are a married couple with children, one of whom is married. Households with three or more married couples accounted for 0.1% of all families in 1994. There are differences between urban and rural families. IN rural areas the proportion of older married couples whose children live separately is higher. The city has a higher proportion of families with only one parent. The average number of children per family is decreasing (1.3). The number is decreasing large families. Approximately 2/3 of families have children, and the rest are either young spouses or older couples.

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The country has entered a period of massive prevalence of small families. More and more families are focusing on one child and postponing his birth. The proportion of children born outside of a registered marriage is constantly growing. In 1994 it was 19.6%, and in 2003 it was already 29.7% of the total number of newborns. Russia ranks 40th industrially in the list developed countries world first in the number of abortions 206 per 100 births

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Migration situation Russia is in second place (after the United States) in terms of the number of legal and illegal immigrants living in the country. According to UN experts, there are more than 13 million people in Russia. - 9% of the population. The damage from the labor activity of illegal immigrants is 200 billion rubles. In 2007, the number of legal arrivals to Russia was six times greater than the number of those leaving. According to the Federal Migration Service, immigration covered 71% natural decline population of the Russian Federation. In 2006, a law was adopted that significantly simplifies labor migration from states whose citizens enter Russia without visas.

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To maintain the population at the same level, it is necessary to attract at least 700 thousand immigrants per year, and to maintain the size of the working-age population - at least a million per year. In order to maintain economic growth and growth in the well-being of the population, Russia must accept at least 20 million immigrants by the middle of the century. Attracting unskilled migrants does not contribute to increasing GDP per capita. The economic growth V long term can only occur due to increased labor productivity - that is, due to increased qualifications, increased wages and the purchasing power of the population, and not their decrease. Two views on attracting immigrants:

Slide 13

A characteristic feature of modern emigration is a high intellectual level - a massive “brain drain”. In the 1990s, Russia lost a third of its intellectual potential, and these losses continue to increase. There was, in fact, a “transplant” of a number of scientific schools to the West. Since 1992, due to the emigration of highly qualified personnel, Russia has lost, on average, one annual budget every 5–7 years due to direct losses alone. Subsequently, according to the Education Commission of the Council of Europe, Russia's losses due to the emigration of scientists and specialists, taking into account lost profits, reached an average of about 50–60 billion dollars per year. The total damage is 1 trillion. dollars. EMIGRATION

Slide 14

The estimated figure for the total emigration from Russia is approximately 4.5–5 million people (1917–2004) 1992–2004. 2,249,619 people left Russia. According to some forecasts, the number of emigrants who moved only to Western countries may reach by 2015. 7–11 million people Over the past five years, a new group of potential emigrants has formed in Russia. More than 2.5 million people who purchased houses and apartments in different countries.

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In 2010, about 95 thousand people left the country. Most of them retained their citizenship.

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“Silent expansion” on the part of densely populated China in relation to the Far East. According to professional demographers, in Russia Far East There are from 30 thousand to 200 thousand Chinese, which is not enough for “demographic expansion”.

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According to the 2002 census, 73% of Russians are urban residents, 27% are rural. More than 60 percent of Russia's population is concentrated in three federal districts - Central (26%), Volga (22%) and Southern (16%). The smallest is the Far Eastern federal district- 4.6% of the population. A third of Russia’s residents are concentrated in the largest “millionaire cities”: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, Omsk, Kazan, Chelyabinsk, Rostov-on-Don, Ufa.

• Demographics - the science of the laws of population reproduction, the dependence of its character on socio-economic and natural conditions, migration, studying the size, territorial distribution and composition of the population, their changes, the causes and consequences of these changes and making recommendations for their improvement.

• Demographics sometimes referred to as a type of practical activity for collecting data, describing and analyzing changes in the size, composition and reproduction of the population.

The demographic situation in Russia shows quite complex trends:

• The number of Russians is decreasing
• The population has not reproduced since the mid-60s
• Natural decline
• Emigration to foreign countries
• Declining working-age population
• Infantilization of the younger generation

The population of the Russian Federation is 145.2 million people. According to this indicator, Russia ranks 7th in the world.

By the end of 2001, the share of the population dropped to 2.4% and this decline continues.

In addition, the population is declining due to natural decline, i.e. the number of deaths exceeding the number of births.

In 2000, the death rate was 15.3 per 1,000 people.

The most common reasons:

• Circulatory diseases
• Oncological diseases
• Cardiovascular diseases
• Accidents
• Alcoholism
• Addiction

Reduction in working-age population:

According to the census, the working age population (men - 16-59 years old, women - 16-54 years old) was 61%, below working age - 18%, over working age - 21%

Social consequences depopulation is associated with:

• the prospect of a reduction in labor potential
• economic activity of the population
• his aging

Aging, in turn, gives rise to:

• additional requirement for social security development
• medical care for the elderly
• help with loneliness problems

Infantilization of the younger generation:

• Excessive guardianship (raising an egoist, focused on his own interests, without a sense of responsibility and independence)
• Severance of ties between generations (the lack of solidarity between generations, their mutual assistance and cooperation in an incomplete or small family weakens, joint household work loses its importance)

Thus, to improve the demographic trend in the Russian Federation, you should:

• Develop a system of medical care and disease prevention.
• Increase the interest of entrepreneurs in improving working conditions.
• Reducing migrations. Attracting the population to areas of geopolitical significance.

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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GBPOU VO "Novousmansky Multidisciplinary Technical School". Modern demographic situation In Russian federation. Prepared by: social studies teacher N.A. Vostrikova. 2016

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“...Not only science, but also politics, religion... must put the problem of population at the forefront. Its oblivion constitutes one of the errors of thinking...” D.I. Mendeleev

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Lesson objectives: Consider the current demographic situation in Russia; Understand the problems and causes of the demographic crisis in the country; Analyze ways to solve and overcome demographic problems In Russian federation.

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DEMOGRAPHY (Greek demos - people, grafo - writing) is the science of the laws of population reproduction in the socio-historical conditionality of this process.

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Demographic indicators are the most reliable indicators of social life. They reflect the most profound trends in the ongoing changes in social sphere life of society.

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From what sources do we learn about population size? The population census is the main source of data concerning the population size and its distribution throughout the Russian Federation. Based on the census results, one can judge the quality of life of the population not only of the entire country, but also of individual regions.

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Task: Let’s compare the results of the last two population censuses in our country. Describe the main trends in population changes in the Russian Federation and formulate the problem. Thousand people Per 1000 population Born/died Born/died 2002 2010 2002 2010 Total population 145167 142857 9.7/16.2 12.6/14.4 Urban population 106429 105314 Rural population 38738 37543

Slide 9

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Demographic crisis - low rates of birth rate, death rate and, accordingly, natural increase. A demographic crisis can be understood as both population decline and overpopulation. In the first case, this is a situation that develops in a country or region when the birth rate falls below the level simple reproduction population, and also lower mortality rates. This is the situation in this moment is taking shape in Russia. In the case of overpopulation, a demographic crisis is understood as a discrepancy between the population of a territory and its ability to provide residents with life. necessary resources. The demographic crisis in the Russian Federation is a deep disruption of the reproduction of the Russian population, threatening its existence. The emergence of the crisis dates back to the early 1990s.

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Reasons: First World War (1914-1918), Civil War (1917-1922) Famine 1932-1933 period of collectivization and mass repressions (1930-1953) Second World War, deportation of peoples, post-war famine Economic crisis 1990s According to demographer Anatoly Vishnevsky, the total direct and indirect demographic losses of Russia during the 20th century as a result of wars, famines, repressions, economic and social upheavals are estimated at 140-150 million people

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As a result, for the second time in three years, the birth rate throughout the country decreased. According to operational data from Rosstat, the number of births in 2014 was estimated at 1.947 million people (the final number was 1.943 million), in 2015 - 1.944 million. One of the key factors influencing the birth rate - registered marriages - is also declining. The number of marriages per 1,000 people reached its highest level in 2011 since 2000 and has been declining since then. Over the period 2011-2015, this indicator decreased the most in Ingushetia, the Altai Republic and Chechnya. If you look at the country as a whole, the number of marriages per 1000 people in 2015 was comparable to the value almost ten years ago - 2006.

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Excerpt from the article 20 years have passed, the situation has changed, Russian citizens began to give birth more and die less, but the indicators existing today are not enough to maintain the demographic picture at the proper level, and in 20-30 years it may look completely depressing. This is the main thesis of the report prepared by working group By family policy under the government of the Russian Federation. Deputy Director of the Department of Demographic Policy and Social Protection of the Population of the Ministry of Labor Elena Strakhova said that today we have a very good result thanks to measures to protect health and support families with children taken in 2006-2007. "But they expect us difficult years due to the unfavorable gender and age structure and the aging population,” said Elena Strakhova. “Based on these risks, we need to think about what to do next.”

Slide 14

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On average, 3,616 marriages and 1,534 divorces are registered daily in the Russian Federation, leaving 1,288 children without one parent. What are the motives for divorce?

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Depopulation is a systematic decrease in the absolute population of a country or territory as a result of narrowed population reproduction, when subsequent generations are numerically smaller than previous ones (mortality exceeds birth rate, high emigration, there are circumstances that cause large losses of people - for example, war).

Slide 17

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The social consequences of depopulation are associated with the prospect of a reduction in labor potential, economic activity of the population, and its aging. According to the census, the working age population (men - 16-59 years old, women - 16-54 years old) was 61%, below working age - 18%, over working age - 21%.

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Demographic aging of the population is an increase in the proportion of elderly and old people in the total population. Currently, the share of people aged 65 years and older in the Russian population is 13%. According to the UN scale, a population is considered old if specific gravity of this age exceeds 7%. According to forecasts by the Russian Academy of Sciences, by 2016, elderly people over 60 years of age will already make up 20% of the total number of Russians, and children under 15 years old will make up only 17%. The aging of the population in the near future may have a negative impact on the development of the country's economy. After 2007, the workload per able-bodied citizen of the Russian Federation will begin to increase and by 2020 will return to the 1995 level, reaching a new historical maximum (the first was in 1960-1965) no earlier than 2035. A situation in which there is one dependent for every worker is expected only after 2045-2050.

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Results of population surveys According to VTsIOM (All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion) in 2008, our fellow citizens considered the main problems of motherhood and childhood in Russia: low standard of living, high prices (20%) small child benefits (19%) 17% complain about an insufficient number of children educational institutions 13% - poor medical service 8% consider housing a significant problem. Less often, citizens of the Russian Federation indicate unemployment and lack of attention from the state (4% each), the problem of homelessness (3%), alcoholism (1%) and bureaucracy (0.4%). 27% found it difficult to answer. In 2009 in Russia, the distribution of women by the number of children born by age 50 was as follows: the share of childless women was about 16%, the share of women who gave birth to 1 child during their life, among all women (who gave birth and those who did not give birth) was 35% who gave birth two children - 34%, 3 or more - 15%.

Slide 2

According to the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), the permanent population of the Russian Federation as of December 1, 2009 was 141.9 million people; as of December 1, 2010 - 141.18 million people

Slide 3

Population growth in the country has stopped since 1991. The mortality rate is 1.5 times higher than the birth rate, the population is declining by several hundred thousand people every year.

The decline in mortality as a result of health care developments has been offset since the 1960s. an increase in alcohol mortality (600-700 thousand people per year), which is associated with the world’s highest level of consumption of legal and illegal alcoholic beverages (18 liters per person).

• Uganda - 17
• Luxembourg – 15
• Ireland – 13
• Hungary -13
• Republic of Moldova - 13
• Czech Republic - 13.
• Croatia -12
• Germany-12.
• UK - 11