What can you spend your capital on? What can maternity capital be spent on - opportunities for using the certificate

Hello! In this article we will talk about ways to use maternity capital.

Today you will learn:

Who is entitled to the mother capital;
Is it possible to cash out the certificate ;
How best to use maternal capital;
How to avoid scammers;
What are the consequences of misuse of mother capital.

The procedure for using maternity capital

Maternity capital was introduced in Russia in 2007. In the first year of the program, the amount of encouragement for families with two or more children was 270,000 rubles, under the influence of indexation by 2017 it reached 453,000 rubles.

Indexing is not a reason to replace a previously obtained certificate.

To receive the mother capital, you will have to have the following documents on hand (originals or notarized copies):

Statement;
The passport;
SNILS of all family members (spouses and each child);
Birth certificates of children;
For adoptive parents - a court order on adoption.

It is allowed to submit documents to the FIU at any convenient time after the appearance of a second child in the family, even if several years have passed. This can be done in person, by proxy through a third party, by registered mail or via the Internet.

Verification of documents takes a month. After the Pension Fund announces its decision. The applicant can pick up the documents in person or by letter.

Is it possible to use maternity capital up to 3 years

You can get a certificate immediately after the appearance of a second child in the family (it doesn’t matter if it is the applicant’s native or adopted), however, it is allowed to use it only after the baby’s third birthday. But there are some exceptions to this rule.

You can use the certificate in the first 3 years when:

You need to pay off your existing home loan. The amount of the subsidy is allowed to be used to repay the loan, interest on the loan, but not penalties (penalties).
Required to pay the first amount of the mortgage.
It is about the needs of a child with a disability. For example, you need to buy special goods or services, or even improve the premises (install a ramp).

Regional maternity capital

Regional administrations have the right, regardless of the state program, to assign their own support to large families. Such regional maternity capital is issued in addition to the federal one, its amount is much less and it depends on the region.

The conditions for issuing and applying a regional certificate may also vary. For example, in some counties, you can buy a car or furniture with it.

Who is eligible for the certificate

Women who gave birth (and even adopted) not their first child later than January 1, 2017 or men, if they are the only parents (for example, if the mother died, she was recognized as incapacitated or deprived of parental rights), can become owners of mother capital.

In the event of a divorce of the spouses, the amount of the mother's capital is not subject to division, it remains entirely with the recipient. For example, a certificate was received by a mother of two minor children. As a result of the divorce proceedings, the children remain to live with their father. The certificate still remains with the mother.

To qualify for mother capital, a parent must be a citizen of the Russian Federation or have dual citizenship (it is permissible to live abroad).

If the single parent loses the right to maternity capital (in the event of death, incapacity or deprivation of parental rights), the certificate passes to the children in equal proportions.

A family can receive a certificate only once, regardless of the number of children. Re-obtain financial support through regional programs, but each region has its own requirements for applicants.

What to use maternity capital for

Matkapital - not the amount of cash given to parents, but a certain financial asset, which can only be spent on the needs prescribed by law (FZ No. 256).

The certificate has the form of a form with several degrees of protection. It is of no value without the identity card of the citizen using it and other related documents.

To “activate” the certificate, you need to contact the Pension Fund with a package of documents, which includes:

Application (can be written on the spot);
Passport and SNILS;
Birth certificates of children (not always required, but it is better to have with you);
Other documents confirming the chosen direction of use.

You can provide documents through the PFR office in person or by proxy, by registered mail, via the Internet (public services portal) or through the MFC (not available everywhere). Documents are considered for about 30 days.

The law allows partial use of maternity capital funds. There is no need to send the certificate completely for one transaction. For example, part can be invested in the construction of a house, and the other part can be invested in the education of a child.

Buying a home

Even the full amount state support hardly enough to buy a house or apartment, but if the family already has some savings, they can be increased by the amount of the certificate and only then used to buy a home. You can use matkapital both for a one-time payment, and for repayment of a mortgage or a targeted loan.

Most often, the certificate is used to pay the first mortgage payment or participation in shared construction.

Acquired housing is issued for all family members (parents and all children).

Not every housing can be bought with maternity capital, and here the law establishes restrictions:

It must be located in Russia.
The house should not be emergency.
Real estate must have the status of a residential facility (you cannot purchase a plot of land or country house in which it is impossible to live all year round: strong walls and foundations, communications are needed, all this should be evidenced by an entry in the state register).

The Pension Fund may refuse to finance the transaction if it considers that the housing being purchased is unsuitable for the child's life.

The PF takes a decision within two months. The term is rather long, so it must be taken into account when communicating with the seller.

Usually he has to wait for the transfer of funds from the Pension Fund, that is, housing is actually purchased in installments.

Another option is to pay for the purchase bank loan, and repay it later at the expense of the certificate.

most often built according to the scheme:

Citizens applying for mother capital find housing that meets their requirements and state restrictions, and negotiate a price with the seller.
A contract with a deferred payment is concluded between the seller and the buyer.
The buyer submits an application to the FIU for the transfer to the seller's account of the funds due to the applicant under the state program.
The amount in excess of the allowance is paid by the buyer from his own savings.
The FIU transfers funds to the seller's account within 60 days.

Besides common documents, when buying a home, the Pension Fund may request:

Contract of sale;
Obligation to allocate shares to all family members (notarized);
Agreement on participation in shared construction and confirmation of the amount paid and the balance, if housing is purchased in a house under construction;
Mortgage and loan agreement (when paying for a target loan);
A document on obtaining a loan, if a mortgage was taken;
Certificate of ownership (if it has already been obtained).

Some contracts related to the transfer of rights to real estate are required to be certified by Rosreestr.

Buying a room

Very often, young parents do not have their own housing or cash savings, and even the full amount of maternity capital is not enough for an apartment. Then the question arises: is it possible to purchase only a room? Can. But with some restrictions.

It is acceptable to use a room purchase certificate if the room is being sold, but not a share in the property.

It is easy to check this on the certificate of ownership. It should be issued for a room, and not for a share of an apartment. Also, payment for the accommodation of the owners should be made from separate personal accounts.

In ordinary residential buildings rooms are rarely singled out as separate property, so we are actually talking about a room in a communal apartment or a private house.

You can't buy a room in a hostel with mother capital. Exception: if according to the documents the hostel has the status of a residential building.

Reconstruction and construction

For the amount of mother's capital, you can not only buy ready-made housing, but also build a new one. Initially, for this it was necessary to use the services of construction organizations, but today the legislation allows you to spend the allowance on the independent purchase of building materials.

If you are building a house from scratch, then in six months you definitely need to lay the foundation, build walls and a roof. The amount will be credited to the applicant's account in parts: first the first half, six months later the second.

To direct the mother capital for the construction of a house, in addition to the basic documents provided to the FIU, you will need:

Confirmation of ownership of the land (again, in any case, the land will have to be bought without the help of the state, which means that at the time of construction it should already belong to the applicant);
Building permit.

It is allowed to request funds both before the start of construction and after it. But in the second option, it is imperative to keep all checks confirming expenses.

It is allowed to build a house only on land intended for residential buildings and owned by the recipient of the certificate. That is, buy on matkapital land plot and you can't start building on it.

The new house will have to be registered in shares for all family members - both spouses and all children.

You can not spend the mother's capital on apartment renovation.

Yes, this will improve the living conditions of the child, but the law implies only the reconstruction of housing, namely:

Increase in living space (for example, by building a new floor in the house);
Changing the technical characteristics (altering the pantry into an office, the basement into a game room, and so on);
Renovation of load-bearing structures (for example, raising ceilings in a private house).

Therefore, the replacement of wallpaper, laminate and plumbing is impossible under the federal capital.

Mortgage, home loan

Even with government support, not many families can afford housing without a mortgage.

Some banks allow you to use the capital for a mortgage, using its amount as a down payment or as a reduction in monthly payments.

You can pay off the mortgage with mother capital even before the child is 3 years old, that is, go to the bank and pay the first installment on the mortgage or reduce the existing debt is allowed after the certificate is issued.

Use maternity capital as down payment on a mortgage it is possible if it is equal to or greater than the amount of the first mandatory contribution(depending on the bank, this is 10-20% of the total cost).

In practice, not all banks agree to fully repay the down payment at the expense of a state subsidy and require at least 10% to be paid immediately from the applicant's funds.

There is an explanation for this, because without investing their own money, the client does not feel all the obligations, and the funds from the PFR will go to the bank only after two months.

Matkapital can also repay loans from other banks received for the purchase or construction of housing. Reduce by the amount of the certificate Other consumer loans will not work.

Education

According to the certificate, not only public, but also private schools and universities are ready to provide the child with education.

For example, you can pay with mother capital:

Kindergarten;
Mugs and additional education;
Education at a university, college, technical school;
Accommodation in a student hostel.

You can pay for education for any of the children: the first, second or third - it does not matter after whose birth the certificate was received.

The use of materiel for education also has its limitations:

The educational institution must have state accreditation and be located in Russia;
The student must be under 25 years of age.

Mother's pension

You can send the amount of state support not only for children, but also for the formation of a funded part of the pension for the mother (or adoptive mother, for fathers this option is not yet provided).

The amount of maternity capital is allowed to be directed to state fund or private. In the latter case, this can bring good benefits, because the institution will not only keep money, but also invest it in important areas.

Funds allocated for retirement, but not yet received, can be transferred at any time to other purposes permitted by law.

Funds for maternity capital allocated for retirement can be received in one of the following ways:

Term pension payment (up to 10 years);
lump sum payment;
Perpetual lifetime payments.

If the issuer of the certificate (the mother of the child) does not live up to retirement age, the entire amount of the benefit will be inherited by her relatives.

Rehabilitation of disabled children

This is the newest direction, permission for it was accepted only in 2016.

In this case, according to the certificate, the state compensates parents for the money spent on goods and services related to the rehabilitation of a disabled child. Therefore, checks, invoices, contracts and other evidence of the funds spent are added to the collected documents.

Other destinations

Regional mother capital programs offer other possibilities for using the certificate, for example:

Purchasing a car - at the state level, this option was rejected due to the possibility of resale of the car, its damage in an accident, theft and, in general, due to a quick failure (compared to real estate);
Purchase of household appliances or furniture;
Repayment of consumer loans.

Allocation of shares of maternity capital

As we said earlier, the inclusion of a spouse and all children in the number of property owners is a prerequisite for buying a home with maternity capital. But how to separate their shares?

The specific size of the shares is not specified by law, so they can be anything.

You can draw up an agreement on the allocation of shares six months after the acquisition of housing. You can do this yourself or with a notary.

Without allocation of shares, all subsequent real estate transactions will be considered illegal.

Is it possible to cash out maternity capital

Very often, dissatisfied comments are heard about maternity capital “it would be better if they gave out money.”

Many parents first of all take up the study of the question of whether it is possible to cash out a certificate, but the state gave an unequivocal answer - it is impossible to fully cash out maternity capital.

An exception, which can hardly be equated with cashing out, is the construction of a house at your own expense with subsequent reimbursement of costs. Only in this case, the funds under the certificate will be returned to the applicant who presented the checks, and not to construction organizations, banks and other sellers.

How to avoid maternity capital fraud

Maternity capital has existed for ten years, but even during this time the state has not been able to fully secure the relations associated with it from various fraudulent schemes.

Most often it is:

Illegal cashing;
Illegal receipt of the certificate;
Acquisition of non-existent housing on mother capital, conclusion of fictitious sales contracts.

Fraudsters willingly take advantage of the desire of young parents to cash out a certificate. Despite numerous warnings from law enforcement agencies about where to use mother capital and where not to, citizens continue to believe scammers who promise to help with cashing out, but after receiving some advance payment disappear without a trace.

The very first step in the fight against scammers is to interact exclusively with government agencies or verified private channels. Do not expect integrity from "helpers" who offer their services on the bulletin board and on the Internet.

Responsibility for misuse of maternity capital

Illegal cashing of the certificate and other scams are equated by law with theft state property. All accomplices involved in the fraudulent scheme (for example, relatives fictitiously selling an apartment) will be held criminally liable for their actions.

In some cases, the court can sentence fraudsters to a fine, and sometimes to arrest or correctional labor.

There are a lot of schemes and options for the misuse of maternity capital, and this is the very weak point in the law that casts doubt on the extension of the program.

The more situations of deception of the state by recipients of certificates arise in the country, the less hope there is for the continuation of the life of maternity capital after 2018.

Maternity capital with a mortgage: pros and cons

The federal law provides for only three opportunities to spend maternity capital. Each of them is specific and requires a special package of documents for disposal.

In order to take advantage of family capital, it is necessary to apply to the Pension Fund with an application and all prepared documents.

The term for consideration of the application and verification of documents takes at least 1 month. After that, the money will be transferred for its intended purpose, and the certificate holder will receive documents confirming the disposal of state subsidy funds.

So, where and how can maternity capital be spent?

Buying an apartment or building a house

Improvement living conditions. Under this laconic formulation lies a whole host of possibilities. Indeed, statistics show that the majority of married couples take advantage of the opportunity to either pay off a loan that has already been taken.

So, maternity capital is primarily spent on building and repairing a house, buying an apartment. It does not matter whether the apartment is purchased in a new building or on secondary market. Important point: use maternity capital for a down payment when taking a mortgage or for purchasing building materials when building a house is possible only after the child, for whom the subsidy has been received, reaches the age of three.

Exception: if at the time of receiving maternity capital a mortgage has already been taken. Then you can use the capital for an extraordinary payment. In practice, there is often a case when a mortgage is taken just for the amount of maternity capital, for example, if a family sells an old apartment and takes a new one, with an increased area. The difference in price is just covered by a mortgage paid actually at the expense of the state.

In order to purchase an apartment on a mortgage using maternity capital, you must take the following steps:

contact the bank and find out if they work there under the maternity capital program;
draw up a certificate and, while it is being drawn up, look for suitable housing and draw up with a notary an obligation to allocate a share in the acquired property to children;
after receiving the certificate and completing the search for an apartment, you need to submit documents to the bank (which ones, the loan officer will indicate);
wait for bank approval
after obtaining approval, start processing a mortgage;
after receiving the funds, an apartment is purchased, the ownership right is registered (at least for one of the parents and two children);
documents for an apartment, an agreement with a bank and a payment schedule are transferred to the Pension Fund;
one month after the verification of all submitted securities, the Pension Fund settles accounts with the bank.

For buying a house or part of a house, the algorithm is similar.

If you need to use mother capital to pay for an existing mortgage, you just need to submit documents to the Pension Fund. Important: the subsidy can only be used to pay off the principal and interest, and fines and penalties, if any, will have to be paid on your own.

If the family plans to build private house, then there are two possibilities:

builders are involved in the work (team contract);
construction is carried out independently.
In any case, a package of documents is submitted to the Pension Fund:
certificate of registration of the right to land;
building permit;
the obligation to allocate a share in the house to the children;
contract with the builders (if any).

The pension fund settles with the construction organization by cashless payment. If the family builds a house on its own, then 50% of the requested amount is first transferred to its account, and after providing a report on where the money was spent, the remainder is transferred.

Home renovation as such can not be produced at the expense of mother capital. But it is possible to make repairs and reconstruction of housing, if prerequisite is the expansion of the area. Such a requirement is hardly applicable to apartments, so they usually rebuild the house: they add a floor, a veranda, an adjacent room, and so on. The package of documents handed over to the PF is similar to the package during construction.

For education and food

Maternal capital for the education of a child is possible, and in a broad sense. That is, the money is spent not only on the remuneration of the teacher, but also on food, additional classes in kindergarten or clubs, at school. It is important that an institution providing educational services has state accreditation and a license to carry out activities. what is the size of the maternity capital. What size of maternity capital will you find out.

That is, private tutors do not fit this definition, only if they are not representatives of some licensed educational center. You can also spend money on the child living in a hostel, if it is provided by a university or technical school.

Family capital funds can be spent on the education of any child. For example, if the older child has already entered the university and lives in a hostel, you can pay for his accommodation with the funds of the mother's capital. And the baby is “sponsored” for food in kindergarten and payment for additional classes.

In order to use the subsidy to pay for kindergarten, you need to submit the following documents to the PF:

passport and SNILS of the person for whom the certificate is issued;
the certificate itself
an agreement with a kindergarten for the provision of services;
payment agreement and payment schedule;
a certified copy of the kindergarten license;
birth or adoption documents.

For mom's future pension

According to statistics, only 2% of families who have received maternity capital use this opportunity. As a rule, these are fairly wealthy families who do not need an apartment and who do not need to spend money on educating a child, or a child is studying abroad and it is difficult to pay for his studies with maternity capital.

Facilities tangible capital will be directed to the formation of the funded part of the pension. Their be available in the future as a substantial increase in pension or as a lump sum payment- such an opportunity is also provided.

To apply for the service, you will need the following documents:

certificate and passport;
SNILS;
statement.

The procedure is extremely simple, given that the funds will be at the disposal of pension fund, which, in fact, is engaged in the distribution of "family" money.

Important: in the event of the death of the certificate holder before her retirement, all the accumulated funds are transferred to the heirs, but not to everyone, but only to her husband or children. Want to know more about, or what will happen to? Click on the highlighted phrases.

When can you use maternity capital and how? This is also mentioned in the video.

Maternity capital for a car

Federal legislation does not provide for the possibility of spending maternity capital on a car. Although the deputies have already voiced proposals to expand the scope of family funds more than once. However, the Government does not support such an initiative.

In particular, it is considered that buying a car is not an urgent need for a family, and it is difficult to call this investment an investment.

The investment of maternity capital means, nevertheless, a reserve for the future: it is either housing that will last a long time, or education, the quality of which will affect the entire life of the child, or a high pension for the mother, that is, a decent life in old age.

On the other hand, a rare family, especially those with many children, can now do without personal transport. In a number of subjects of Russia, regional maternity capital is issued. In the Kaliningrad region, for example, it is directly indicated that these funds can be spent on the purchase of a car. In other regions, the subsidy is simply given in cash, and the family can spend it anywhere, including buying a car.

Results

The disposal of matkapital funds is strictly regulated by the state. At the federal level, there are three possibilities to use the subsidy: for the purchase or construction of housing, or for the reconstruction of existing housing with an increase in the area of residence, for paying for educational services, for the formation of a mother's pension.

In each case, it is required to write an application to the Pension Fund and submit documents so that the fund's specialists, after verification, can make a cashless transfer of funds.

Federal family capital cannot be spent on a car. But in a number of regions there are local subsidies, and some subjects provide for the possibility of buying a car with this money.

Where to spend maternity capital? Learn more from the video.

Maternity capital is one of the most accessible forms of state support large families. It is a certificate or personalized document that can only be used once in a lifetime on a strictly statutory goals. If the family has previously used the funds, they will not be able to claim them again. Today, a certificate can be used for completely different purposes, depending on the age of the children born or adopted, for the maintenance of which it was issued.

Thousands of families with many children across the country receive financial incentives every year, but since January 1, 2019 this program has undergone significant changes regarding the purposes of using the funds. About what exactly you can spend maternity capital, our article will tell.

How can funds be used

Maternity capital as a way state aid, is issued not at the whim of the parents, but in order to ensure the well-being of their children. It is for this reason that the amount of the certificate is prohibited from cashing out. One more important condition, which should not be forgotten by all parents with many children - only the state has the right to decide how exactly this money can be used.

In addition, you can dispose of all the funds at once or spend them in parts for different needs. It is only important that all of them be indicated in the application for maternity capital, which is submitted to the pension fund with all related documents.

In accordance with applicable law, cash capital in 2019 can be used for the following purposes:

To improve living conditions;
To pay for educational services for children;
On the funded pension mothers;
To pay for kindergarten;
For goods and services for children with disabilities.

Buying a home or building a house

The most popular way to spend maternity capital funds is still improving housing conditions. Most of all these funds are traditionally used to purchase real estate. You can use capital for this purpose both in transactions with secondary housing and in participation in shared construction. You can spend funds, including on repayment mortgage loan, which will certainly be a promising solution - you do not have to wait until your child is 3 years old.

However, any procedure related to the improvement of living conditions with the help of mat capital has its own characteristics, namely:

The legality of the real estate transaction will be closely monitored by the Pension Fund;
There is an obligation to allocate shares in the apartment;
The share of children can be sold only with the consent of the guardianship and guardianship authorities.

Real estate purchased with maternity capital will be conditionally encumbered. But the main difference between such transactions and the usual sale or purchase of housing is the participation of the Pension Fund as a party to the contract. It is this body that transfers capital funds for the transaction and, unfortunately, often delays the transfer of the required amount.

Children's education

Maternity capital funds can be used as full or partial payment for the education of children, regardless of the status of the educational institution. That is, in addition to the school familiar to everyone, it can be a lyceum, gymnasium, college, technical school, university and other educational institutions.

As you can see, the state does not restrict parents in choosing an institution for their child's education. But at the same time, in order to spend money on the education of children in a particular institution, it must meet a number of conditions:

Be located on the territory of the Russian Federation;
Have state certification and teach according to the standards approved in the country.

The child can study in a state, municipal or private educational institution His status doesn't really matter. However, the child must be between 3 and 25 years of age at the start of the course. Otherwise, the Pension Fund has every reason to refuse to issue mat capital.

Please note that maternity capital funds can be used not only for the child for whom the amount was accrued, but also for the education of older children. Capital funds will not be transferred to the parents' bank account, but to educational institution where the child is trained on a commercial basis.

Mother's pension

You can invest money from maternity capital, including in the mother's future pension. You can use funds for this purpose, as with others, not only at once in the entire amount, but also in part. But this option is not particularly popular among the population of our country, since so far not many of us understand exactly how the formation of a pension based on capital funds takes place.

There are a number of ways in which funds can be used to fund a future pension:

Having received an urgent pension payment;
Having issued a funded pension;
Subject to perpetual lifetime payments.

In fact, there is nothing difficult in receiving a pension using mat capital. This is especially true for people who want to save and even increase their own funds. Moreover, a mother with many children has the right to withdraw money at any time and direct it to other purposes. At the same time, all income received while the funds were in the pension fund will be preserved.

Kindergarten payment

There is at least one more way to use maternity capital - this is paying for a child's preschool education or keeping a child in a kindergarten. At the same time, there are no strict requirements for educational and educational organizations. In any case, mat capital funds can be realized only if the following conditions are met:

Kindergarten must have a license to carry out preschool educational activities;
Parents must sign a special written contract with the institution;
Only the care, maintenance and supervision of children are paid.

This means that it will not be possible to make a full payment for the kindergarten with capital funds, even with all the desire. A set of measures for care and maintenance in preschool institutions includes education, catering, personal hygiene, as well as servicing the household needs of the child. In other words, you will not be able to spend the certificate on paying for educational work and teacher services.

What not to spend

All the rules for obtaining a maternity capital certificate are clearly specified in the Federal Law No. 256 "On additional measures of state support for families with children." But in addition to the purposes for which this money can be spent, it is worth noting separately those areas that are prohibited by the Pension Fund. These include:

renovation of existing housing;
purchase of a car or other vehicle;
repayment of a consumer loan;
acquisition of a land plot;
purchase of household appliances;
payment for treatment of family members.

That is, by sending an application with a request to issue money for any of these needs, you will absolutely face a refusal from the Pension Fund. However, some enterprising parents stop at nothing in their attempts to cash out the certificate, in order to later use this money for other purposes. But it is important to understand that real criminal liability is threatened for the illegal use of maternity capital funds. The punishment for such a crime is up to 10 years in prison.

In Russia, for the past 10 years, the maternity capital program has been considered one of the main types of state assistance to families with children. The program started on 01/01/2007, and then the amount of support was 250,000 rubles, and from 01/01/2015 the state has already allocated 453,026 rubles, i.e. over 10 years the amount has grown by 82%.

How to get maternity capital in 2017

Several existing categories of citizens can receive capital:

It is important to understand that the article describes the most basic situations and does not take into account a number of technical issues. To solve your problem, get legal advice on housing issues hotlines:

A woman (citizen of the Russian Federation) to whom a second or any other subsequent child was born or adopted by her.
A man (citizen of the Russian Federation) raising two or more children alone.
The father or adoptive parent of the child can also receive capital if the woman who gave birth or adopted the child is deprived of the opportunity to receive it. H for example, if she died or deprived of parental rights. This also includes the case when it was proved that a woman committed an intentional crime against a child.
The minor himself can also use the capital, but only if his (their) single parent (adoptive parent) has for some reason been deprived (was deprived) of this right. This is also relevant for full-time students, but only up to 23 years. If there are several heirs, then they receive this right in equal shares, that is, they divide total amount for everyone.