Why do we pay for heating all year round? Why do we pay for heating all year round.

Paying utility bills is becoming an increasingly expensive process. The increase in the cost of services, the awareness of the importance of cost control and other factors make us look for answers to questions that have always surprised residents. The need to pay for heating in the winter is perplexing for many apartment owners, and this issue should be examined in more detail.

Why do bills for heating come 12 months a year?

For central Russia, residential buildings are supplied with heat for about six months a year. We receive heating bills every month for a very simple reason - the state splits heating bills into equal parts so as not to overload our family budget in the winter. This is dictated by certain factors:

paying for heating only in the cold season would be overwhelming for many residents;
the state receives equal payments throughout the year, which makes the financing of utility companies equal;
it becomes possible to carry out repair and restoration work in the summer.

In most cases, heat is paid for in apartments at the established rate. This tariff is calculated for the coldest year, because every year city dwellers overpay for heating a considerable amount. This principle does not require government spending on meters and allows you to take more money for the services provided.

We reduce the amount of payment for heating

Today there are quite legal and civilized methods of saving on heating bills. To do this, it is necessary to install a heating meter on the house, having gathered collectively for all apartment owners. If this is not possible, there is an option to install a meter in the apartment. The conditions for using an apartment heat meter are as follows:

you will pay for utility services only according to the amount of heat consumed, paying extra about 15% for the staircase;
to install such a measuring device, you must contact the management company and find out the legal way to register the meter;
new ones are also needed, which will save the resource of heat supply.

In bills for housing utilities, the greatest weight is taken by the payment for heating. This is not surprising, on average, 70% of the population has the most frequent question about the amount for the payment of utility bills for heating. According to a survey conducted in 2017, 85% of the population do not know the procedure for calculating payments for supplying heat to their homes. Note that starting from July 1, 2016, the procedure for calculating heating bills has been changed. Let's take a look at where the specific numbers in the “heating” column come from in 2017.

Calculation for heat energy is carried out in one of two ways:

Only during the heating season;

Throughout the entire calendar year.

The method of payment for heat energy is chosen by the Moscow Government no more than once a year before October 1 current year and the adopted decision is being implemented only in the next year: from July 1, when switching to uniform payment throughout the year, or from the first day of the heating season when switching to payment, respectively, during the heating period.

For 2017, the city government has maintained a uniform way of paying for heating in Moscow and the Novomoskovsk administrative district.

Consider four different cases in which heating bills are charged in different ways.

Case 1. The house does not have a common house metering device (ODPU), the technical ability to install it does not exist due to the old housing stock. The calculation in this house is carried out according to the formula:

Case 2 ... The house does not have a common house metering device, it is technically possible to install it. In this case, the calculation is made according to the formula:

Comparing these two cases, we see that tenants in whose house there is no ODPU installed, will pay for heating services 1.5 times more houses where such a counter is installed. In accordance with Federal Law No. 261-FZ "On energy supply and increasing energy efficiency", common meters should be installed in all apartment buildings until July 1, 2012, then this period was extended, despite this, at the current time in Moscow, general house metering devices are installed only in 80% of houses. Talk about the nearest suburbs and not worth it, there this figure is much less. today, even in Moscow, not all houses are equipped with them. The multiplying factor was introduced in order to encourage homeowners to install common metering devices.

Case 3.A common house metering device is installed in the house, but not all rooms are equipped with individual heat metering devices (IPU). In this, the following calculation is applied:

Once a year, the heating bills are recalculated based on actual consumption using the formula:

In this case, the residents of the house throughout the year are evenly charged by the management company according to the standard (average actual consumption for last year), and after a year, it recalculates based on the readings of the general house meter. Note that the recalculation can be both downward and upward, depending on the duration of the heating season, the temperature during its period, as well as the rational and rational (economical) consumption of heat energy, especially in public places (elevator, staircase, etc. etc.).

Case 4. The house has a general house metering device, in all rooms there are individual metering devices. This case is most often encountered in new buildings with a horizontal distribution of the heating system, in which heat meters are installed separately for each apartment. The calculation is made according to the formula:

Adjustment of heating bills based on actual consumption (once a year):

In the fourth case, all metering devices in the house must be serviceable, attorney, and they must be installed in all residential and non-residential premises. Wherein, Management Company in this house should put these metering devices into operation. If one or several meters does not work, payment is made according to scheme No. 3.

According to the amendments to the Federal Law, the Moscow government determines the procedure for payment for heat energy (only during the heating season or evenly throughout the entire calendar year). For 2017, the payment is spread over 12 months. Most likely, this is due to the desire to facilitate payment for married couples and low-income strata of citizens. For example, the payment for heating per year is 18 thousand rubles. This amount is evenly distributed per year, and it turns out to be 1,500 rubles per month. If we consider the calculation for the heating season (on average, it is 6 months), heating costs will increase 2 times, up to 3 thousand rubles, but this will be so for 6 months. The society is actively discussing which of the two options is most suitable for calculation, but so far on this issue they have not come to a consensus.

The heating season invariably leads to an increase in the amount in payments: for some - by quite a bit, for others - almost twice. The reason for this is the cost of heating, which is determined on the basis of several unstable indicators at once. Let's figure out which ones.

It should be?

Heating, as you know, is supplied during the cold period, which begins when the average daily air temperature is below +8 ° C, and ends if the temperature is above +8 ° C for more than 5 days in a row. All this time, resource-supplying organizations and the regional government undertake to maintain heat in our apartments at the level specified in Appendix No. 2 to SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 ("Optimal and permissible norms of temperature, relative humidity and air velocity in the premises of residential buildings" ). Namely, the temperature should be:

in the living room - from 20 to 22 degrees;
in the kitchen - from 19 to 21 degrees;
in the bathroom - from 24 to 26 degrees;
in the toilet - from 19 to 21 degrees;
in the corridor - from 18 to 20 degrees.

For heating payment, a special tariff, which is equal to the cost of heat energy spent on heating 1 sq. m. The unit of measurement is the ratio “gigacalorie per square meter"(Gcal / sq. M.), Which is estimated taking into account the average minimum air temperature in winter (five coldest days of the past years). Obviously, in a cold winter, you need to heat more, and pay, accordingly, more, and it is logical to assume that you have to pay less in a warm winter, but, as we know, there is a special attitude towards lower prices in Russia.

Photo: E. Krall

Who counts?

Initially, the tariff is considered and developed by resource-supplying organizations that collect Required documents and scrupulously substantiate every penny in the estimated tariff. It takes into account:

total area of heated premises in residential buildings and adjoining premises;
average air temperature over the past three years;
the state of the infrastructure and, accordingly, the cost of equipment;
duration of the heating period;
VAT, etc.

After the calculation, the project goes through a series of discussions in the Duma, government, public platforms. It should be noted that the tariff is accepted for a certain period(usually for 3 years), during which it is not revised, changed or adjusted. After the tariff is adopted, the cost of heat will be calculated according to the formulas approved by the RF government decree No. 354 of May 6, 2011.

It is important to note that uniform heating standards are set for consumers. However, if there are meters in a high-rise building and apartments, the final figure is calculated individually, since, in addition to calculating the heating of apartments, utilities will separately calculate the heating of common building premises - vestibules, basements.

Photo: Jocelyn Durston

If we speak without numbers, then general principle estimates are as follows: the heated living area is multiplied by the heating standard of one m 2 , and then on the tariff approved by the City Council. For those who need exact numbers, there are formulas presented below.

The authorities can establish a different procedure for calculating payments for heat energy, depending on the geography of the region:

The tariffs are averaged taking into account the year-round payment for heat, even though there is no need for heating in summer. In this case, the load on the consumer falls evenly.
Heat tariffs are differentiated depending on the season. In winter, consumers pay the maximum, but in the summer this column disappears from payments, or is kept at a minimum level.

For example, officially valid tariffs for heat energy for the population of Moscow Regional Energy Commission of the city of Moscow.

The amount of payment for heat depends on many factors, including whether the neighbor has instructed himself additional sections of the radiator or how insulated the house is. Less losses - less energy is spent on heating 1 m2 to the required temperature, which means that the price is lower, and the temperature in the house is higher. If there is no meter, then all losses are distributed equally to consumers, but if there are meters, then this trick will no longer be possible, since consumers will be able to request recalculation in the house (but this is a topic for a separate article).

Formulas for calculating the price of heat

If the house does not have a common house heat meter: P i = S i x N t x T t (where S i is the total area i of residential or non-residential premises, N t is the standard for the consumption of utility services for heating, T t is the tariff for heat energy established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation).
There is a general house meter, but there are no meters in each apartment: P i = V d x S i / S about x T t (where V d is the volume of thermal energy according to the readings of the general house meter, S i is the total area of the i-th residential or non-residential premises, S about is the total area of all residential and non-residential premises apartment building, T t is the heat tariff established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation).
There are both general and individual meters: P i = (V in + V i one x S i / S about) x T cr (where V in is the volume of thermal energy according to the readings of an individual meter, V i one is the volume of heat energy for general household needs according to the meter (V i one = Vd - ∑ i V in), S i is the total area of the i-th room of an apartment building, S about is the total area of all residential premises (apartments) and non-residential premises in an apartment building, T cr is the tariff (price) for a utility resource (in in this case - for heat energy), established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation).

Eventually

To say for sure how much a particular owner must pay, you need to take into account many factors, ranging from the presence of an individual meter and ending with the reclamation of information from the management company about total area apartment building. And there are also separate tariffs for certain areas, temperature anomalies, and more. Nevertheless, all numbers and data are in the public domain, and any citizen can independently calculate the approximate cost of heat energy, and if it differs several times from that on the receipt, require recalculation.

Andrey Shenin

The cost of heating housing is one of the most significant components of the bills that we pay for housing and communal services. It is not surprising, therefore, that among frequently asked questions arising from consumers of utilities, an important place is occupied by the procedure for calculating payments for the supply of heat to our homes. We decided to raise this topic again in connection with the loss of force of the Rules for the provision of public services to citizens, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 307 dated May 23, 2006, and the adoption of a new document dated June 29, 2016 No. 603 "On Amendments to Certain Acts of the Government of the Russian Federation on issues of providing utilities ”. Starting from July 1, 2016, the procedure for calculating heating bills was changed, so on the MG pages we will analyze where the specific figures in the “heating” column in 2017 will come from.

Today, payments for heat energy can be carried out in one of two ways:

only during the heating season
evenly throughout the calendar year

The specific method is chosen by the Moscow Government no more than once a year before October 1 of the current year and the decision is implemented only in the next year: from July 1, when switching to uniform payment throughout the year, or from the first day of the heating season when switching to payment, respectively, during the heating season.

For 2017, the city government has maintained a uniform method of paying for heating in Moscow, excluding the Troitsky and Novomoskovsky districts. However, the same settlement procedure applies to the Troitsky and Novomoskovsky administrative areas.

Residents of houses that have not yet been equipped with a common house heat meter will pay 1.5 times more in 2017 than residents of those houses where such a meter is installed.

Let's consider four typical cases, in accordance with which the payment for supplying heat to our houses is charged.

Case 1. The house is not equipped with a general house metering device (OCP), while the technical possibility of its installation is absent. This mainly concerns the old housing stock. Here the calculation is carried out according to the following formula:

Case 2... The house is not equipped with a substation control room, but at the same time it is technically possible to install it (housing stock, where, for various reasons, a general house thermal energy meter has not yet been installed). In this case, the calculation is carried out as follows:

As can be seen from the above formula, residents of houses that have not yet been equipped with a common house heat meter will pay 1.5 times more houses where such a meter is installed in 2017. In accordance with Federal Law No. 261-FZ "On Energy Supply and Increasing Energy Efficiency", common meters must be installed in all apartment buildings by July 1, 2012, then this period was extended, however, to date, even in Moscow all houses are equipped with them. A special multiplying factor should stimulate homeowners to take measures to have such meters appear in their homes. However, for example, in the settlement of Sosenskoe, OPUs are placed in the old housing stock within the framework of a long-term targeted program at the expense of the local budget.

Case 3. The house has a control room, but not all rooms are equipped with individual heat metering devices (IPU). This case covers the overwhelming number of houses built after the enactment of the law "On Energy Saving", when the installation of general house meters became the responsibility of developers. In this example, the calculation is carried out using the following formula:

Once a year, the heating bills are adjusted based on actual consumption, according to the formula:

In this case, the management company throughout the year evenly charges payment in accordance with the standard or average actual consumption for last year, and after a year, it recalculates based on the readings of the general house meter. At the same time, the recalculation can be both down and up, depending on how cold and long the heating season was, as well as on the economy of heat consumption by the owners, including in public places.

Case 4. The house is equipped with a control room and all premises of the house are also equipped with a control room. This case mainly applies to new buildings with a horizontal distribution of the heating system, which allows you to install a heat meter separately for each apartment. The calculation will be carried out according to the following formula:

Adjustment of heating bills based on actual consumption (once a year):

Separately, it should be noted that for the application of the calculation scheme No. 4, all residential and non-residential premises in an apartment building must be equipped with meters. In this case, all meters must be in good condition, be verified in deadlines(Once every 4 years), and must also be put into operation with the involvement of the management company. This situation makes it virtually impossible to pay for individual heat meters, since one inoperative or unverified device is enough for the calculation to be made according to scheme No. 3.

The government decided to keep the uniform payment for heat consumption in apartment buildings for 2017.

So, we examined 4 typical cases of payment for heat energy, which the owners of multi-apartment residential buildings face (stand apart apartment buildings where the composition common property includes its own boiler room and where the owners pay not for heat energy, but, as a rule, for gas that is used to heat water). As you can see, according to the amendments to the federal legislation, now the Moscow Government determines how Muscovites will pay for heating: evenly throughout the year or only during the heating season. So far, it has been decided to keep the payment evenly for 12 months. It can be assumed that this is due to the desire to evenly distribute the load on family budgets(primarily low-income citizens). If, say, annual payment for heating is 12,000 rubles and this amount is distributed evenly throughout the year, then the monthly load on the budget will be 1,000 rubles. If payment occurs only during the heating period, which in our region is 5-6 months, then heating costs during this period increase 2 times, although they disappear completely in the rest of the year.

Regulations:

1. In accordance with clause 42.1 of the Rules for the Provision of Utilities to Owners and Users of Premises in Apartment Buildings and Residential Buildings (approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354 (as amended on 06/29/2016) apartment buildings and residential buildings ").

2. Clause 2 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 29, 2016 N 603 "On amendments to some acts of the Government Russian Federation on the provision of utilities ".

3. Decree of the Moscow Government dated 09.29.2016 N 629-PP "On maintaining a uniform procedure for paying utility bills for heating on the territory of the city of Moscow and amending the Decree of the Moscow Government dated January 11, 1994 N 41".

4. Clause 3 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 29, 2016 N 603 "On amendments to some acts of the Government of the Russian Federation on the provision of public services."

5. Clause 2 (1), Appendix 2 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354 (as amended on 06/29/2016) "On the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" (together with the "Rules for the provision of utilities services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings ").

6. Clause 2 (2), Appendix 2 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354 (as amended on 06/29/2016) "On the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" (together with the "Rules for the provision of utilities services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings ").

7. Clause 3 (2), Appendix 2 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354 (as amended on 06/29/2016) "On the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" (together with the "Rules for the provision of utilities services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings ").

8. Clause 3 (3), Appendix 2 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354 (as amended on 06/29/2016) "On the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" (together with the "Rules for the provision of utilities services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings ").

Heating is the largest expense item for communal services. In summer, houses are not heated, however, the amount for heating is still present in the receipts.

Legality of charging fees for heating in winter

Why do management companies include heating bills in their receipts in the summer? Is it legal?

Yes, rightfully so. There are no violations. Everything is according to the law.

In accordance with clause 42.1. Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 of May 6, 2011 "On the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" payment for utility services for heating is carried out in one of two ways - during the heating period or evenly throughout the calendar year.

Who determines how payment is made?

Each year, regional authorities decide which way residents will pay for heating. In Moscow, they pay all year round. For these purposes, even a whole resolution of the Moscow Government was adopted from September 29, 2016 N 629-PP "On maintaining a uniform procedure for paying utility bills for heating in the city of Moscow." And in other regions, the example is taken from the capital.

Those who do not pay for heating in summer pay more in winter

The money for utilities goes beyond repairing heating systems. They are spent on paying for gas, purchasing coal, creating atoms (nuclear energy also provides heat) - all these substances are capable of heating water in pipes to the required temperature. They are spent on the repair and maintenance of the boiler room, the salaries of drivers and workers, paper for the printer and more. And you also need gasoline for special equipment. It is also preparation for the heating season, repair of city communications, purchase of equipment and registration of all required permissions(SES, PES, OGRES).

Bad or good, convenient or difficult, everyone chooses their opinion. But the law is the law. It is said to pay both in summer and in winter - you have to pay.

Did you know ?! If meters (electricity, water, gas) are not installed in the apartment and the resident has been absent for more than 5 days, then the management company is obliged to recalculate the cost of the utilities provided.

But with heating, such a recalculation will not be possible. The apartment is heated constantly, regardless of whether you live in it or not. What happens if you turn off the heating during the colder months? Have you presented? That is why recalculation is not provided.

Is it possible to refuse to pay for heating in the summer? No, it is said, the law is the law!