Main issues of economics property presentation. The main issues of economics

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The presentation on the topic "The main issues of the economy" can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Project subject: Social studies. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report - click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 12 slide (s).

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8 cl. social studies "MAIN ISSUES OF ECONOMY" Purpose: to bring students to an understanding of the main problem of economics, limited resources and limitless human needs; to acquaint with the principles of the market, economic system and its functions. Continue the formation of skills to analyze, draw conclusions, work with text, establish cause-and-effect relationships. English writer George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) - argued: "The economy is the ability to use life in the best possible way"

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Topic: MAIN QUESTIONS OF ECONOMY Any society, regardless of the level of welfare, should be able to determine what goods, how and for whom to produce.

1. WHAT TO PRODUCE?

Organizations, enterprises, firms, taking into account consumer demand, limited resources, constantly make decisions about what goods and services should be produced using the resources at their disposal.

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2. HOW TO PRODUCE?

1. There is a choice: Economic resources Technologies Location of the enterprise Use of financial and technical costs Labor resources

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1. The economic efficiency is considered, i.e. an economic calculation is performed on how to fulfill the volume of production at the lowest cost. For this, the manufacturer uses the following methods: - introduction and use of new technologies; - economical and careful use resources; - attracting highly qualified workers;

CONCLUSION: manufacturers must decide: with the help of what technologies, from what resources and by whom the goods should be produced, how the production should be organized.

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3. FOR WHOM TO PRODUCE THE PRODUCT?

The manufacturer takes into account the needs for goods and services different groups population with different income and decides for whom to produce: for the rich (luxury goods), for the mass consumer (consumer goods), for the poor (cheap goods). The problem of distribution of economic benefits is solved through the choice.

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ECONOMIC SYSTEM AND ITS FUNCTIONS

There are several options for organizing economic life, i.e. it is an ECONOMIC SYSTEM - a set of organizational ways of coordinating the economic activities of people to address issues: what, how and for whom to produce.

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TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

1. TRADITIONAL Based on the use of manual labor, community farming, exchange in kind. The main economic issues are decided in accordance with traditions and customs (to do everything as before). The leading industry belongs agriculture... Currently traditional economy preserved in Central Africa, South and Southeast Asia

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2. COMMAND (PLANNED) The state is the owner of all economic and natural resources... The state controls and regulates the production and distribution of basic goods. The main economic decisions are made by the state. What, how and for whom the state plans to produce from a single center on the basis of orders, laws, planning tasks. Producers turned into executors of other people's orders. Such an economic system existed in the USSR and other socialist countries. The leading role belongs to the manufacturing industry (industry) Currently, such an economy is present in North Korea, Cuba

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3. MARKET ECONOMY Market - aggregate economic relations manifested in the field of exchange and transactions The market economy is based on private property, entrepreneurship, competition, free pricing. Each manufacturer independently accepts economic solutions in accordance with their own interests and needs: what to produce, how to produce, for whom to produce. In a free environment market economy the rule is that demand creates supply.

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D.Z. § 12, p. 99 questions, task 1, repeat § 11.

4. MIXED ECONOMY Modern economy - both the market and the state play an active role. Various shapes are used state regulation... Private property and state property interact. For example in good developed countries USA, Japan. CONCLUSION: the economic system contributes to the solution of the problem effective use limited resources. The main task is to bring the boundless needs and limited opportunities of society members into line by solving the questions: what, how and for whom to produce?

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The main questions of economics. Grade 8. Basic level MCOU "Krasnoyarsk secondary school" Social studies teacher Firstova E.N.

Lesson plan Is it necessary to regulate production. The economic system and its functions. Types of economic systems

The purpose of the lesson: Formation of ideas about economic efficiency and types of economic systems

Let us repeat: What role does exchange play in economic life? How does a subsistence economy differ from a commercial one? What role does production play in the life of society? How do costs and benefits compare?

Problem Man needs to use them rationally and distribute Resources on the planet are limited

Three questions of the organization of the economy What to produce? How to produce? For whom to produce? P. 92-94

Economic system Method of organization economic activity life of society

Pages 95-98. Work in groups. Types of economic systems Traditional Command and control Market

Summary What is cost effectiveness? What are the features of the functioning of the main economic systems?

Job Page 99 No. 1 Orally

Homework & 12, questions p. 99, ass. 3 p. 100

Sources: Society of t knowledge. 8th grade. Textbook for general education schools. Moscow. Education. 2012. Pictures of the Internet

On the subject: methodological developments, presentations and notes

This presentation can be used in social studies lessons in grade 8 according to the Bogolyubv program ...

Presentation "Main issues of economics". Social Studies. 8th grade

Social studies, grade 8. Lesson 2. Economics. The main questions of the economy. According to the textbook edited by L.N.Bogolyubov ....

"MAIN ISSUES OF THE ECONOMY" Grade 8 "Social Studies" ed. Bogolyubova L.N.

8 cl. Social Studies "MAIN ISSUES OF THE ECONOMY" Target: to bring students to an understanding of the main problem of the economy, limited resources and the limitlessness of human needs; to acquaint with the principles of the market, the economic system and its functions. Continue the formation of skills to analyze, draw conclusions, work with text, establish cause-and-effect relationships. English writer George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) - claimed: “Economics is the ability to use life in the best way "

Topic: MAIN QUESTIONS OF ECONOMY Any society, regardless of the level of welfare, must be able to determine what goods, how and for whom to produce.

1. WHAT TO PRODUCE?

2. HOW TO PRODUCE?

1. There is a choice:

Economic resources
Technologies
Location of the enterprise
Use of financial, technical costs
Labor resources

1. The economic efficiency is considered, i.e. an economic calculation is performed on how to fulfill the volume of production at the lowest cost. For the manufacturer uses the following methods:

- introduction and use of new technologies;

- economical and careful use of resources;

- attracting highly qualified workers;

CONCLUSION: Manufacturers must decide:

with the help of what technologies, from what resources and by whom the goods should be produced, how the production should be organized.

3. FOR WHOM TO PRODUCE THE PRODUCT?

The manufacturer takes into account the needs for goods and services of various groups of the population with different incomes and decides for whom to produce: for the rich (luxury goods), for the mass consumer (consumer goods), for the poor (cheap goods). The problem of distribution of economic benefits is solved through the choice.

ECONOMIC SYSTEM AND ITS FUNCTIONS

TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

1. TRADITIONAL

Based on the use of manual labor, community farming, exchange in kind. The main economic issues are resolved in accordance with traditions and customs (to do everything as before). The leading industry belongs to agriculture.

Currently, the traditional economy is preserved in Central Africa, South and Southeast Asia

2. TEAM (PLANNED)

The state is the owner of all economic and natural resources. The state controls and regulates the production and distribution of basic goods. The main economic decisions are made by the state. What, how and for whom the state plans to produce from a single center on the basis of orders, laws, planning targets. Producers turned into executors of other people's orders. Such an economic system existed in the USSR and other socialist countries. The leading role belongs to the manufacturing industry (industry)

Currently, such an economy is present in North Korea, Cuba.

3. MARKET ECONOMY

Market - a set of economic relations, manifested in the field of exchange and transactions

The market economy is based on private property, entrepreneurship, competition, free pricing. Each manufacturer independently makes economic decisions in accordance with their own interests and needs: what to produce, how to produce, for whom to produce. In a free market economy, the rule is that demand creates supply.

4. MIXED ECONOMY

Modern economy - both the market and the state play an active role. Various forms of government regulation are used. Private property and state property interact. For example, in the well-developed countries of the USA, Japan.

D.Z. § 12, p. 99 questions, task 1, repeat § 11.

OUTPUT: the economic system contributes to solving the problem of efficient use of limited resources. The main task is to bring the boundless needs and limited opportunities of society members into line by solving the questions: what, how and for whom to produce?

Used material: 1. "Social Studies" 8 cl. textbook ed. Bogolyubova L.N. Ed. Education, 2011 2. Internet resource narod.ru

In this lesson, we will find out what are the main questions in economics, why it exists and how it tries to answer these main questions. We will also talk about economic efficiency and economic choice. We will try to show how the economy enters the life of every person.

Topic: Economics

Lesson: Major Issues in Economics

In the last lesson, we talked about the fact that resources are very limited, and the economy, in fact, is called upon to decide how to use these resources to the maximum benefit for humanity. All participants economic processes one way or another, they are in a state of choice: they choose which of the resources to use now and which to use later, which goods to produce, etc. Accordingly, the economy arises three main questions to which she must respond: "What to produce?", "How to produce?" and "For whom to produce?"... The answer to these three questions is the answer to the main task of economic processes. Let's talk about each of them separately.

Rice. 1. Basic questions of economics ()

So the first question is - "What goods to produce?" It is clear that a person is a being who, living in a social environment, largely serves himself. Primitive people, of course, served themselves on their own. So, the primitive hunter made the items he needed for hunting: a spear, a bow and other things he needed. And in our time, each of us can do some things for ourselves on our own, or can get these things in a different way. You can be given something, something can be inherited, and you can buy something on the market. Thus, you create your life the way you want it to be. You can become an absolutely satisfied person, all your needs and desires can be realized, but society, alas, cannot live like this because of our limited resources.

That is why all manufacturers (they can be the state, private firms, even private individuals) are in a situation of constant choice of which of the products they need to produce. It depends on what exactly will be in demand in the near future. Over time, the demand for certain goods changes. A century or two ago, some things were absolutely necessary, but now the need for them has disappeared, among other things, they have become archaic. An example of such a thing is bast shoes.

In a situation of choice, manufacturers strive not only to gain momentary benefits, but also to lay the foundations for their future production. They strive to increase their profits in the future, anticipating the needs of society that may arise.

Of course, it is very profitable for all manufacturers to produce those services or goods that cannot be refused. After all, a person cannot refuse food or clothing. But the essence of the economy lies in the presence of competition, in the confrontation between different manufacturers, so that the consumer has the opportunity to choose whether to buy at a lower price or to buy at a higher price. By the way, it should be explained why things are generally cheaper or more expensive. This is because the manufacturer always decides how to produce the goods.

Rice. 3. The essence of the economy is competition between manufacturers ()

So we come to the second question - "How to produce goods and services?"... There are always a variety of ways and opportunities to produce the same product or service. The way it is made, the decisions that manufacturers make in the course of manufacturing the product, depend on what the final product will be like. One way or another, any manufacturer makes sure that his solutions are the most effective. And under economic efficiency understand the product of a given volume of the finished product at the lowest cost of limited resources. Having understood this ratio, we can understand why this or that product has such a price. The manufacturer always seeks to reduce the cost of its production, but at the same time in no case wants to reduce its profits. This is the basis of any production, on this balance and there is an economics of production.

However, there is also a third question, which we have outlined today - "For whom to produce goods and services?"... It is clear that we all have different desires, we have different possibilities. By producing any product, the manufacturer seeks to please the interests of the broad masses of the population. But it is simply impossible to do this with the help of any one service or product. That is why each of the manufacturers strives to either narrowly specialize or produce a wide range of goods and services for various social strata. It does not matter if it is a physical product or a service that has no physical expression, because it also has a cost and makes a profit for the manufacturer.

So, in order to obtain correct answers to the main questions of the economy, it is necessary to know the capabilities of the economic system, the state of the market, the factors of formation of demand and supply.

As you can see, three main economic issues put human society in a state of choice. One way or another, we have to choose where to produce, how to produce, what to produce, for whom to produce. This question is painful every time, because for some time the production of some things and services can be profitable, but then it ceases to be so. It should be understood that almost every day manufacturers are in limbo, because it is very difficult to determine the exact priorities of a person. There is a possibility that our outlook on life will change and the need for an item or service will disappear. You can give a lot of examples in the history of mankind, when some important and interesting things that a person used, eventually came to naught. This is life, this is the economy.

Consider why the quality of the goods produced is different. One and the same thing on the market can have completely different cost depending on its quality. Let's take pens as an example. This is a common everyday object that you are familiar with. But even it can cost completely differently. You can buy a simple and inexpensive ballpoint pen that you will use every day, or you can buy a very expensive gift pen for special occasions. But, nevertheless, it is still the same pen, writing instrument.

Rice. 4. Simple or gift, - a pen is just a writing instrument ()

So where does this price difference come from? It's about human interests and desires. The manufacturer initially focuses on a specific customer. People's tastes are varied: some have more craving for luxury and a desire to surround themselves with expensive items, while others only need to have simple and multifunctional items at hand. From the point of view of the manufacturer, it is a person with a craving for luxury, unusual things, who is the buyer who is willing to pay large amount for the same item. The most expensive items and services are focused on it. For example, a watch can be simple in design, or it can become a complex elite item that has a lot of additional functions and indicates the high social status of its owner. The need for them is very conditional, but the owner of such watches is proud that he has them.

Rice. 5. An expensive watch is more of a luxury than a necessity, but the owner is proud to own it ()

We all surround ourselves with the things and objects that we need. This is how we build our own life. This is how the economy enters the life of every person.

Bibliography

1. Kravchenko A.I. Social Science 8. - M .: Russian word.

2. Nikitin A.F. Social Science 8. - M .: Bustard.

3. Bogolyubov L.N., Gorodetskaya N.I., Ivanova L.F. / Ed. Bogolyubova L.N., Ivanova L.F. Social Science 8. - M .: Education.

3. Site for professional traders ().

Homework

1. Explain what cost effectiveness is.

2. Describe three main economic issues.

3. * Imagine that you have been inherited the right to own a chain of confectionery factories. Answer the main economic questions: what exactly will you produce, how and for whom.

8th grade. Social studies according to the textbook, ed. Bogolyubova L.N.

Slide 2: The purpose of the lesson:

Get acquainted with the main issues facing the economy of any society and the features of the functioning of the main economic systems.

Slide 3: Lesson plan:

1. Do you need to regulate production? 2. The economic system and its functions. 3. Types of economic systems.

Slide 4: Repeat

limited unlimited

Slide 5: Repeat

Free goods Economic goods Sewing clothes in atelier Spring water Wind energy Ice cream Apartment renovation Rain Bus travel Street lighting

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English writer George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) - argued: "The economy is the ability to use life in the best possible way"

Slide 7: 1. Should production be regulated?

1. Read the section of the textbook pp. 92-94., Look at the illustrations, identify the main issues of the economy 2. Explain the following points by examples: The economy cannot provide an unlimited output of goods and services; 2) Participants in the economy are forced to make a rational choice of production and consumption of the goods provided to society; 3) Producers are forced to take into account the needs of certain consumers of goods when organizing production.

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Any society, regardless of the level of welfare, must be able to determine what goods, how and for whom to produce. 1. WHAT TO PRODUCE? Organizations, enterprises, firms, taking into account consumer demand, limited resources, constantly make decisions about what goods and services should be produced using the resources at their disposal.

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2. HOW TO PRODUCE? 1. There is a choice: Economic resources Technologies Location of the enterprise Use of financial and technical costs Labor resources

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3. FOR WHOM TO PRODUCE THE PRODUCT? The manufacturer takes into account the needs for goods and services of various groups of the population with different incomes and decides for whom to produce: for the rich (luxury goods), for the mass consumer (consumer goods), for the poor (cheap goods). The problem of distribution of economic benefits is solved through the choice.

Slide 11: 2. Economic system and its functions

They differ in 1) the way of making decisions 2) the type of ownership of economic resources 3) Motivation of people to work

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Slide 13: 3. Types of economies

Traditional Command Market 1) How and by whom are the main issues of the economy resolved? 2) Who owns the economic resources (land, capital)? 3) How are the benefits distributed? 4) What are the advantages and disadvantages different systems?

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1. TRADITIONAL Based on the use of manual labor, community farming, exchange in kind. The main economic issues are resolved in accordance with traditions and customs (to do everything as before). The leading industry belongs to agriculture. Currently, the traditional economy is preserved in Central Africa, South and Southeast Asia

Slide 15

2. COMMAND (PLANNED) The state is the owner of all economic and natural resources. The state controls and regulates the production and distribution of basic goods. The main economic decisions are made by the state. What, how and for whom the state plans to produce from a single center on the basis of orders, laws, planning targets. Producers turned into executors of other people's orders. Such an economic system existed in the USSR and other socialist countries. The leading role belongs to the manufacturing industry (industry) Currently, such an economy is present in North Korea, Cuba

Slide 16

3. MARKET ECONOMY The market is a set of economic relations manifested in the field of exchange and transactions. The market economy is based on private property, entrepreneurship, competition, free pricing. Each manufacturer independently makes economic decisions in accordance with their own interests and needs: what to produce, how to produce, for whom to produce. In a free market economy, the rule is that demand creates supply.

The last slide of the presentation: "The main issues of the economy"

4. MIXED ECONOMY Modern economy - both the market and the state play an active role. Various forms of government regulation are used. Private property and state property interact. For example, in the well-developed countries of the USA, Japan. CONCLUSION: the economic system contributes to the solution of the problem of efficient use of limited resources. The main task is to bring the boundless needs and limited opportunities of society members into line by solving the questions: what, how and for whom to produce?