Fixed production assets are a line in the balance sheet. Production assets on the balance sheet

The residual book value of fixed assets is the value of these assets on the company's balance sheet. Our publication will tell you more about what is meant by this term.

Residual book value of fixed assets

The requirement of legislators when presenting operating results in the balance sheet is clear - all assets of the company must be reflected in a net valuation, i.e. their initial cost must be reduced by the amount of regulated amounts (for example, accrued depreciation) and reflect real assessment the accounting value of assets at the time of preparation of the report. The company's balance sheet reflects residual value assets, all without exception, including the organization’s fixed assets. That is why we can say that the book value of fixed assets is its residual value.

It is not difficult to determine the residual value of a company's fixed assets. It appears in the first section of the balance sheet “Non-current assets” in line 1150 “OS”. It is made up of these registers synthetic accounting– journals-orders for accounting of fixed assets. The residual value of fixed assets is the difference between the debit balance of account 01 “Fixed Assets” and accrued depreciation reflected in the credit balance of account 02 “Depreciation of fixed assets” at the end of the same reporting period.

Since all the company’s fixed assets belong to the category of production assets, since they participate in the production process (in accordance with the OS Classifier), it makes sense to assert that the residual value of fixed production assets is the same indicator of the availability of assets on the balance sheet, i.e. the full balance sheet residual value of fixed assets. The “full” criterion determines the accounting residual value of the enterprise’s fixed assets after the revaluation, and, in fact, it also represents the value of the residual value of the general fund.

The indicator of the residual value of fixed assets on the balance sheet is included in the analysis production activities firm in the same way as the indicator of the original value (or restored value, if revaluations were carried out).

It is important to understand that book value is a significant financial indicator, but determining only discount price assets of the enterprise, i.e. the amount of costs aimed at acquiring or creating this property.

Book value of fixed assets: features and differences from the market

Book value differs significantly from market value property, due to the difference between the mechanisms that determine them. The book value of an enterprise is formed by combining the actual expenses incurred for the acquisition of fixed assets by the company, and therefore cannot be an accurate assessment of the value of the asset, since it does not reflect its real market price. Market value always depends on elements of competition, demand and demand. It is formed by the amount that the buyer is able and willing to pay. By and large, these two values ​​are in no way related to each other and can be polar different in the assessment of the same object.

For example, a company's workshop equipment with complete wear and tear (zero cost) is in excellent working condition and is in demand on the market. It will be sold for 1 million rubles. This example demonstrates the significant differences between the residual book value of an asset and its market price.

However, there are also completely opposite cases. For example, a new machine with a book value of 500 thousand rubles. the enterprise is trying to sell, but due to obsolescence, estimated at 200 thousand rubles, it can only be sold for 300 thousand rubles. That is, the book value of the object in this example is greater than the proposed market value, which resulted in a loss-making transaction.

Formation market relations involves competition between different producers, in which only those who most effectively use all types of available resources can win. The condition and use of fixed assets is one of the most important aspects analytical work, since they are the material embodiment of scientific and technological progress. It is possible to identify reserves for increasing the efficiency of their use using a thorough economic analysis.

Balances of fixed assets

The balance of fixed assets is a statistical table, the data of which characterize the volume, structure, reproduction of fixed assets for the economy as a whole, industries and forms of ownership.

The basis for the calculation is the results of revaluations of fixed assets, the results of which determine the ratio of prices of the reporting year and the replacement cost of fixed assets in the base year.

To perform the calculation of fixed assets for a number of years in constants, base prices the following indicators are used: price indices for capital-forming products; price indices for capital investments, developed on the basis of average standard coefficients by types and groups of fixed assets, as well as by periods of their acquisition; final statistical revaluation indices by type of fixed assets and sectors of the economy and industry; indices of changes in market prices for fixed assets, obtained from data on their market value.

The calculation of fixed assets at comparable prices is carried out by two methods - index and balance sheet. According to the index method, fixed assets of the reporting year are recalculated based on consolidated indices of changes in prices and tariffs for the period from the base year to the reporting year. According to the balance sheet method, data on the availability of fixed assets on the base date at replacement cost is reduced by the amount of assets disposed of before the reporting year and increased by the amount of fixed assets received during this period. In this case, both funds are recalculated into base year prices using the corresponding price indices.

Note! The balance of fixed assets in average annual prices is necessary for a comprehensive analysis of the availability, dynamics and use of fixed assets for a certain period of time based on average values. Based on this balance, indicators such as capital productivity, capital-labor ratio, average regulatory deadlines service, degree of wear, etc.

Average annual price indices are calculated based on the dynamics of prices for products of capital-forming industries (mechanical engineering and industry building materials) according to price statistics. The average annual price index is calculated by month of the reporting period. Average monthly price indices are calculated as the average values ​​of indicators at the beginning and end of each month, and the average annual price index is calculated as the quotient of dividing the sum of average monthly price indices by 12.

For balances of fixed assets, the following balance equation must be observed:

F 1 + P = B + F 2,

where F 1 and F 2 are the cost of fixed assets, respectively, at the beginning and end of the period;

P is the cost of funds received during the period;

B is the value of funds disposed of during the period.

Schemes of balance sheets of fixed assets by full cost and minus wear are presented in the layouts below (Tables 1, 2).

Fixed assets come from various sources. This may be the commissioning of new fixed assets as a result of investments, acquisition, receipt under a gift agreement, contribution of fixed assets as a contribution to the authorized capital, etc. Fixed assets are disposed of for the following reasons: liquidation of objects due to wear and tear, sale to others legal entities, gratuitous transfer, contribution to the authorized capital other organizations, transfer for long-term lease, etc. The balance sheet can reflect all sources of income and all reasons for disposal by type.

In table 1 all indicators are assessed at residual value, with the exception of the indicator for the commissioning of new funds, which is assessed at the full initial cost. In contrast to the balance sheet at full valuation, in the balance sheet at residual value, one of the reasons for the decrease in value is annual depreciation, which is equal to the depreciation accrued for the year.

Based on balance sheets, statistics calculate a number of indicators characterizing the condition, movement, and use of fixed assets.

Indicators of movement, condition and use of fixed assets

The dynamics of fixed assets in Russia is characterized by the following data.

Indicators of the movement of fixed assets include: the dynamics coefficient, the renewal coefficient, the retirement coefficient of fixed assets.

The dynamics coefficient estimates the change in the value of fixed assets at the end of the period compared to the beginning and is calculated as the ratio of the value of fixed assets at the end of the year to the value of fixed assets at the beginning of the year.

The dynamics coefficient can be calculated using the full and residual value. Comparison of coefficients calculated using different estimates allows us to identify changes in the state of fixed assets. So, if the dynamics coefficient for the full value is less than the dynamics coefficient for the residual value, then the fixed assets were renewed during the period under review, that is, at the end of the period the share of assets without depreciation increased.

The renewal coefficient (K renewal) characterizes the share of new fixed assets in their total volume (at full estimate) at the end of the period and is calculated using the following formula:

The retirement ratio (K vyb) characterizes the share of retired fixed assets during the period in their total value (at full valuation) at the beginning of the period and is calculated by the formula:

To characterize the process of reproduction of fixed assets, the rate of renewal of fixed assets (K int) is calculated:

The disposal of fixed assets may occur due to their complete disrepair. To assess the disposal of funds for the specified reason, you can calculate the dilapidation coefficient (K dilapidated):

The higher the value of this indicator, the lower the intensity of replacement of fixed assets.

Indicators of the condition of fixed assets include the wear and tear coefficient and the serviceability coefficient. These coefficients are calculated at a specific date (usually the beginning and end of the period).

The depreciation rate shows what part of its total value the fixed assets have already lost as a result of their use. The coefficient at the beginning of the period is calculated using the formula:

To wear = Amount of wear / P.

The serviceability coefficient shows what part of its total value the fixed assets have retained as of a certain date. The shelf life coefficient at the beginning of the period is calculated as follows:

Shelf life = Residual value / P.

Example 1

Let us determine the degree of change in the deterioration and suitability of fixed assets at a particular enterprise. The calculation results are presented in table. 3.

The shelf life coefficient at the beginning of the year was 71.2% (14.6 / 20.5 × 100%). The shelf life ratio at the end of the year was 82.3% (19.1 / 23.2 × 100%). The depreciation rate at the beginning of the year was 28.8% (5.9 / 20.5 × 100%). The wear rate at the end of the year was 17.7% (4.1 / 23.2 × 100%).

Indicators of the use of fixed assets include capital productivity and capital intensity. To calculate these indicators, the average cost of fixed assets () is determined in several ways:

1) using the simple arithmetic mean formula:

= (OF n + OF k) / 2;

2) according to the average chronological formula, if the value of fixed assets is known on dates separated by equal periods of time:

Where n— number of periods;

3) according to data on the movement of fixed assets:

where OF 1 is the cost of fixed assets at the beginning of the year;

P is the cost of fixed assets received during the year;

B is the cost of fixed assets retired during the year;

t 1 - number of months of operation of received fixed assets;

t 2 - the number of months of operation of fixed assets retired during the year.

The capital productivity indicator estimates the number of products per ruble of fixed assets. Capital productivity is a direct indicator of the efficiency of use of fixed assets: the higher the capital productivity, the better the use of fixed assets, and vice versa. Capital productivity (F o) is calculated as the ratio of the output of marketable products to the average cost of fixed assets:

The capital intensity indicator is an inverse indicator of the efficiency of using fixed assets. The lower the level of capital intensity, the more efficiently fixed assets are used. Capital intensity evaluates the level of costs of fixed assets per ruble of manufactured products. Capital intensity (F e) is calculated using the formula:

To assess the provision of labor with fixed assets, statistics use the capital-labor ratio indicator. The capital-labor ratio estimates the average volume of fixed assets per employee. Capital-labor ratio (F e) is calculated as the ratio average annual cost fixed assets to the average number of employees:

where is the average number of employees.

One of the general indicators characterizing the efficiency of use of fixed assets is the profitability of fixed assets. It is defined as the ratio of book profit (P ball) to the average annual cost of fixed assets (F main):

R main f = P ball / F main.

Example 2

Using the above formulas, we will consider changes in general indicators in the organization. The initial data and calculation results are presented in Table. 4.

Analysis of the impact of changes in the efficiency of use of fixed assets on production volume

A change in the volume of production can occur due to a change in capital productivity and the volume of funds. To conduct index analysis, the volume of production and the cost of fixed assets are assessed at comparable prices of the base period. The production volume index (I q) is equal to the product of the capital productivity index (I Фo) and the index of the cost of fixed assets (I ФФ):

,

where q 0, q 1 are the volume of production in the base and current periods, respectively;

Fo 0, Fo 1 Fo 0, Fo 1—capital productivity, respectively, in the base and current periods;

— the average cost of fixed assets in the base and current periods, respectively.

The absolute change in the volume of production in the current period (TP 1) compared to the base period (TP 0) is determined as follows:

Δ mn= TP 1 - TP 0.

Including:

a) due to changes in capital productivity:

∆Fo = OF 1 × (Fo 1 - Fo 0);

b) due to changes in the average cost of fixed assets:

∆OF = (OF 1 - OF 0) × Fo 0.

Analysis of the use of equipment and production capacity of the enterprise

After analyzing the general indicators of the efficiency of using fixed assets, it is necessary to study in detail the degree of use of the enterprise’s production capacity, individual species machines and equipment.

Under production capacity refers to the maximum possible output of products at the achieved or intended level of technology, technology and production organization. The maximum power of the equipment is not a constant value; its level may be revised in the process of further optimization of the production process. It is calculated based on the capacity of leading workshops, sections, units, taking into account the implementation of a set of organizational and technical measures aimed at eliminating bottlenecks, and possible production cooperation. The actual power can be equal to the maximum if high equipment efficiency is achieved and the production process is organized in an optimal way.

For example, if, as a result of an analysis of the operation of production lines, it is revealed that the actual capacity differs from the maximum by more than two times, this means that to produce the same volume of products, enterprises where the efficiency of the equipment is high may require half as many units of equipment, than at an enterprise, where such efficiency is significantly lower. Consequently, enterprises that pay due attention to achieving high equipment efficiency have a real opportunity to save money “on all fronts”: they reduce the need for investment, save workshop space, reduce labor costs, etc.

The degree of utilization of production capacity is characterized by the following coefficients:

General coefficient = Actual or planned production volume / Average annual productive capacity enterprises,

Intensive coefficient = Average daily production output / Average daily production capacity of the enterprise,

Extensive coefficient = Actual or planned working time fund / Estimated working time fund adopted when determining production capacity.

In the process of analysis, the dynamics of these indicators, the implementation of the plan for their level and the reasons for their changes (commissioning and reconstruction of existing enterprise assets, technical re-equipment of production, reduction of production capacity) are studied.

In addition, the level of use of the enterprise's production space is analyzed: product output in rubles per 1 m2 of production area.

Analysis of equipment operation is based on a system of indicators characterizing the use of its number, operating time, and power.

To characterize the degree of equipment involvement in production, the following indicators are calculated.

Available equipment fleet utilization rate (Kn):

K n = Amount of equipment used / Amount of available equipment.

Installed equipment fleet utilization rate (Ку):

K y = Number of equipment used / Number of installed equipment.

The difference between the amount of available and installed equipment, multiplied by the planned average annual production per unit of equipment, is a potential reserve for growth in production by increasing the number of existing equipment.

To characterize the extensive loading of equipment, the use of equipment by time is analyzed: the balance of operating time and its shift ratio (Table 5).

The level of intra-shift equipment use is characterized by the equipment load factor Kz, which allows you to estimate the loss of equipment operating time due to scheduled maintenance, etc.:

K z = T f/ T to, or T f/ T n, or T f/ T ef.

The level of conditional use of equipment is characterized by the shift coefficient (K cm):

Intensive loading of equipment is understood as an assessment of its performance.

Equipment intensive load factor (K and):

A general indicator characterizing the complex use of equipment is the indicator integral load(To int):

K int = K z × K i.

In the process of analysis, the dynamics of these indicators, the implementation of the plan and the reasons for their changes are studied.

EXPERT'S COMMENT

O. V. Severin, Head of the Production Planning Department of JSC Unimilk Company

Our company spent three months analyzing the operation of eight pieces of equipment producing identical products at domestic food industry enterprises. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the equipment power achieved at existing organization production, varies at different enterprises from 2100 to 3750 tons/month. That is, the difference in the achieved power of equipment purchased from the same supplier reaches 56%. Such a significant difference is due to different levels of equipment operating efficiency, which for the most part is a consequence of the irrational organization of both the production technological process and the labor of production personnel. Naturally, before increasing the power of the equipment, it is necessary to determine how efficiently it operates and what are the limits for increasing the efficiency of the equipment.

Calculation method based on equipment efficiency reporting

The essence of this method is to analyze the statistics of production reports on the operation of equipment, in which employees record all the actions carried out while working on this equipment. Having collected statistics for a certain period, it is necessary to analyze how the production process actually took place, and what exactly the production time was spent on. Using this data, it is easy to track the actual organization of the production process, and then calculate the actual capacity of the equipment. Advantages of the method: accuracy, objectivity, use of actual data for calculations, complete clarity as to what the result consists of. An additional advantage is that the same reporting can later be used to solve other production problems. Disadvantages of this method: it will take some time to implement the above-mentioned reporting on the operation of production equipment and to train production personnel (the workload on personnel will increase).

There are also several methods for estimating the maximum power of equipment, and in essence they are in many ways similar to methods for estimating actual power.

The most optimal method seems to be a calculation based on reporting on the efficiency of equipment operation. This is what we will consider next.

Time accounting loves

Equipment efficiency reporting is compiled to provide detailed accounting of the use of production time. Systems for working with such daily reporting in one form or another have been implemented at the vast majority of foreign manufacturing enterprises, and in essence they are not much different from each other. The physical medium of the report is a form filled out daily during a shift by an enterprise employee responsible for the operation of a specific piece of equipment. The report records all actions carried out during the production process on this equipment. An example of a completed reporting form on the efficiency of equipment operation for a shift (12 hours) is given in Table 6.

The data reflected in the report can be used:

• to determine the actual and maximum power of the equipment;
• assessment of the workload of production equipment (current, predicted);
• analysis of how production time is used ( primary document about what happened to the equipment in past periods);
• control of planned downtime, determination of standards for their duration;
• calculating key production performance indicators, comparing work results over certain periods of time.

Looking for hidden reserves

Based on the data recorded in the report on the operation of the equipment for the shift, it is possible to estimate the power of the equipment. We'll show you how to do this with an example.

Example 3

Let's use the data in table. 6.

From the report on the efficiency of equipment operation for a shift, the following data can be highlighted:

• the total analysis period (total shift time) is 720 minutes, of which:

- equipment operating time (OO) - 490 min;

- total planned downtime (PP) - 140 minutes;

- total time of unscheduled downtime (UP) - 20 minutes;

- unoccupied time (NV) - 70 minutes;

• apparatus speed (C) - 100 pcs./min;

• Products produced for the period - 49,000 units.

Based on data on the distribution of working time, it is possible to assess the efficiency of equipment operation for a given period. It is convenient to do this by calculating the conditional indicator “Productivity” (PR), which is one of the key indicators of production efficiency, allowing for its constant monitoring. It is calculated by the formula:

where BP is the minimum operating time required to produce a given amount of product;

PP, VP - duration of planned and unscheduled downtime, respectively.

In our example, the “Productivity” indicator for the shift report is 75.4% (490 / (490 + 140 + 20) × 100%).

The obtained value of the indicator should be interpreted as follows: of the entire period of working time (total time of the period minus non-working time), 75.4% was spent on production (working time), the remaining 24.6% was spent on various types of downtime. It is in the last component that we should look for reserves for possible increase productivity and increasing equipment capacity.

Having established the actual value of the “Performance” indicator, we will calculate the actual power of the equipment. To do this, it is recommended to determine the value of this indicator for a period of at least one month, since data on work during just one shift will not be representative for specified purpose. The "Performance" value for one shift is suitable for monitoring the efficiency of equipment, but not for assessing its capacity.

The power (MS) of equipment for a certain period is calculated using the formula:

MSH = PR × ORP × V,

where PR is the actual value of the “Productivity” indicator, %;

ORP - the total time of the period for which it is required to estimate the power;

V is the operating speed of the equipment.

Let's calculate the daily power of the equipment based on the data given in table. 6:

• equipment operating speed (V) - 6000 pcs./h (100 pcs./min × 60 min);
• equipment productivity - 75.4%;
• The period for which power is determined (ORP) is 24 hours.

Thus, the actual capacity will be equal to: MSH = 0.754 × 6000 × 24 = 108,576 (pcs./day).

In order to calculate the maximum power of the equipment, it is necessary to clearly plan improvements in the organization of the production process. Most often, they are aimed at reducing the duration of planned and unscheduled downtime.

Let’s assume that in our example it is planned to cancel the planned downtime “Lunch break” by hiring additional staff to replace employees having lunch, and the duration of downtime “Wash” is to be reduced from 50 to 30 minutes (thanks to a revision of the washing procedure). It is impossible to implement other improvements, as studies of equipment operation have shown. Thus, the total duration of planned downtime (PP) in the given example would be not 140, but 90 minutes.

Next, you need to recalculate the “Productivity” indicator based on new data, and then recalculate the power. This will be the maximum power: PR = 490 / (490 + 90 + 20) × 100% = 81.7%; MS = 0.817 × 6000 pcs./h × 24 h = 117,648 pcs./day.

So, calculations showed that the planned improvements will increase productivity by 6.3% and increase the power of the equipment in such a way that it will produce 9072 more units of product per day than at actual capacity.

S. D. Ovchinnikov, Director for Economics of JSC MosbisnessCom Corporation

An organization's balance sheet should reflect its financial position as of the reporting date (clause 18 of PBU 4/99). To do this, as of the reporting date, the balance sheet must show, among other things, all the assets of the organization. We will tell you how to show fixed assets in the balance sheet in our consultation.

Fixed assets as a long-term asset

Let us recall that in the balance sheet, assets and liabilities, depending on their maturity (maturity), should be divided into short-term and long-term. Assets and liabilities whose maturity (maturity) period is no more than 12 months after the reporting date or the duration of the operating cycle, if it exceeds 12 months, should be presented as short-term in the balance sheet. The remaining assets and liabilities are shown in the balance sheet as long-term (clause 19 of PBU 4/99).

Fixed assets (FA) refer to long-term assets, because one of the conditions for recognizing an asset as a fixed asset is that the object is intended for use for a period of more than 12 months or the normal operating cycle, if it exceeds 12 months (clause 4 of PBU 6/ 01).

In the balance sheet, long-term assets are otherwise called non-current assets. Along with the basic funds for non-current assets relate intangible assets, long-term financial investments and other durable assets.

It must be borne in mind that even depreciable fixed assets for which the remaining life beneficial use amounted to less than 12 months, to short-term assets for the purpose of compiling balance sheet are not included and are not transferred to current assets.

Balance sheet line for fixed assets and asset valuation

In the balance sheet, indicators are reflected in a net valuation, i.e. minus regulatory values ​​(clause 35 of PBU 4/99). In relation to fixed assets, such a regulating value is their depreciation. This means that fixed assets are shown in the balance sheet at their original (replacement) cost, reduced by depreciation of fixed assets. In other words, in the balance sheet, fixed assets are reflected according to.

Let us recall that the initial (replacement) cost of fixed assets is taken into account as a debit to account 01 “Fixed Assets”, and the accumulated depreciation on them is recorded as a credit to account 02 “Depreciation of fixed assets” (). This means that in order to find the residual value of fixed assets (OS OST) to reflect them on the balance sheet, it is necessary to perform the following calculation:

In the current form of the balance sheet, line 1150 “Fixed assets” is provided to reflect the organization’s fixed assets (Order of the Ministry of Finance dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n).

Please note that they are considered fixed assets, but those objects that meet the criteria of fixed assets that are intended exclusively for provision for a fee for temporary possession or temporary use for the purpose of generating income are taken into account separately. They are accounted for as the debit of account 03 " Profitable investments V material values"(Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n). But at the same time, depreciation on them is also accrued on the credit of account 02. Therefore, if an organization has fixed assets listed on account 03, to fill out line 1150 from the amount of accumulated depreciation, it is necessary to isolate the part that falls on fixed assets accounted for as the debit of account 01 This is where data comes in handy. analytical accounting according to count 02.

And that part of depreciation that relates to profitable investments in material assets reduces the value of such assets. They are also reflected separately at their residual value in the balance sheet not on line 1150, but on line 1160 “Income-generating investments in tangible assets” (

The cost of OPF, as a rule, is transferred to finished products within a fairly long period. In some cases it may span several cycles. In this regard, accounting is organized in such a way that it is possible to simultaneously reflect both the preservation of the original form and the loss of price over time. In this case, the key indicator is used average annual cost of open pension fund. In this article we will look at how it is determined and what indicators are used.

general characteristics

The production of products involves means (structures, buildings, equipment, etc.), as well as objects of labor (fuel, raw materials, etc.). Together they form production assets. A certain group partially or completely retains its natural material form over many cycles. Their cost is transferred to finished products as they wear out in the form depreciation charges. The specified group is formed by production. They are directly involved in the process of releasing goods. Non-productive funds ensure the formation of social infrastructure.

Classification

The main production assets include:

1. Buildings are architectural objects designed to create working conditions. These include garages, workshop buildings, warehouses, etc.
2. Structures are engineering-construction type objects used to carry out the transportation process. This group includes tunnels, bridges, track construction, water supply systems, and so on.
3. Transmission devices - gas and oil pipelines, power lines, etc.
4. Equipment and machines 0 presses, machine tools, generators, engines, etc.
5. Measuring devices.
6. Computers and other equipment.
7. Transport - locomotives, cars, cranes, loaders, etc.
8. Tools and equipment.

Key quantities

The cost of OPF can be replacement, residual and initial. The latter reflects the costs of obtaining OS. This value is unchanged. Initial cost The funds that come from the capital investments of certain companies can be determined by adding up all the costs. These include, among other things, transportation costs, equipment and installation costs, etc. Replacement cost are the costs of purchasing the OS in current conditions. To determine it, funds are revalued using indexation or the direct recalculation method based on current market prices, confirmed by documents. equal to the recovery value, reduced by the amount of wear. There are also private indicators of OS usage. These include, in particular, the coefficients of intensive, integral, extensive operation of equipment and shifts.

Loss of original properties

Average annual cost of open pension fund determined taking into account wear and amortization. This is due to the fact that with prolonged use of the products in the technological process, they quickly lose their original properties. The degree of wear can vary - it depends on various factors. These include, in particular, the level of operation of facilities, personnel qualifications, aggressiveness of the environment, etc. These factors influence different indicators. Thus, to determine capital productivity, an equation is first drawn up, which establishes the average annual cost of the general fund (formula). Capital-labor ratio and profitability depend on revenue and the number of employees.

Obsolescence

It means the depreciation of funds even before the physical loss of properties. can manifest itself in two forms. The first is due to the fact that the production process reduces the cost of products in the areas in which they are produced. This phenomenon does not lead to losses, since it is the result of an increase in savings. The second form of obsolescence arises due to the emergence of such OPFs, which are characterized by high productivity. Another indicator that is taken into account is depreciation (the process of transferring the cost of funds to manufactured products). It is necessary to form a special cash reserve for the complete renovation of facilities.

Average annual cost of OPF: formula for calculating the balance sheet

To determine the indicator, it is necessary to use the data that is present in They must cover transactions not only for the period as a whole, but also separately for each month. How is it determined average annual cost of OPF? Balance formula the following is used:

X = R + (A × M) / 12 - / 12, where:

• R - initial cost;
• A is the number of introduced funds;
• M is the number of months of operation of the introduced OPF;
• D is the value of the liquidation value;
• L is the number of months of operation of retired funds.

OS put into operation

As can be seen from the above information, the equation by which is determined average annual cost of open pension fund (formula), includes indicators that require separate analysis. First of all, the initial price of the funds is established. To do this, take the amount of the account balance at the beginning of the reporting period. 01 balance sheet. It should then be analyzed whether any fixed assets were introduced during the period. If this was the case, you need to set a specific month. To do this, you should look at the revolutions according to db sch. 01 and establish the value of the funds put into operation. After this, the number of months in which these OSs were in use is calculated and multiplied by the cost. Next, it is determined average annual cost of OPF. Formula allows you to determine the cost of the funds put into use. To do this, the figure obtained by multiplying the number of months of use by the initial price of the OS is divided by 12.

Average annual cost of OPF: formula for calculating the balance sheet (example)

Let’s say that fixed assets at the beginning of the period amounted to 3,670 thousand rubles. During the year the following funds were introduced:

• on March 1 - 70 thousand rubles;
• on August 1 - 120 thousand rubles.

Disposal also taken into account:

• on February 1 - 10 thousand rubles;
• on June 1 - 80 thousand rubles.

• X = 3670 + (120 × 5: 12 + 70 × 10: 12) - (80 × 6: 12 + 10 × 11: 12);
• X = 3670 + (50.0 + 58.3) - (40.0 + 9.2) = 3729.1 thousand rubles.

Disposal

During the analysis, in addition to the funds put into operation, written-off funds are determined. It is necessary to establish in which month they dropped out. To do this, the revolutions are analyzed according to Kd sch. 01. After this, the value of the disposed funds is determined. When writing off fixed assets during the entire reporting period, the number of months in which they were in use is established. Next, you need to determine the average annual cost of the disposed funds. To do this, their price is multiplied by the difference between the total number of months in all reporting period and the number of months of operation. The resulting value is divided by 12. The result will be the average annual cost of general purpose assets that have left the enterprise.

Final operations

At the end of the analysis, the total average annual cost of the OPF is determined. To do this, you need to add up their initial cost at the beginning of the reporting period and the indicator for the funds put into operation. The average annual cost of fixed assets removed from the enterprise is subtracted from the resulting value. In general, the calculations are not complicated or labor-intensive. When calculating the main task consists of correct analysis statements. Accordingly, it must be compiled without errors.

Average annual cost of fixed assets (FPE)- an indicator that any accountant needs to calculate property taxes. We will explain below how to calculate the indicator and where to get the formula from.

Formula for calculating the average annual cost of fixed assets

Since the procedure for paying taxes is fixed in Tax Code, the formula for calculating any tax can be found there. Property tax is no exception.

Tax base for calculation property tax serves as the average annual cost of fixed assets.

The detailed calculation procedure is described in clause 4 of Art. 376 Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

GHS = (A1 + A2 + A3 + A4 + A5 + A6 + A7 + A8 + A9 + A10 + A11 + A12 + B1) / 13, Where

SGS - average annual cost;

A2-A12 - the residual value of the property on the 1st day of each month, where the figure is serial number month (for example, A3 - residual value as of March 1);

The denominator of the formula contains the number 13 - this is the number of months in tax period, increased by one (12 + 1). The numerator ultimately also adds up 13 indicators.

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Calculation of the average cost of fixed assets with an example

Average cost differs from average annual cost in that it is used only when calculating advance property tax payments.

An example of a formula for calculating the average cost for six months:

CC = (A1 + A2 + A3 + A4 + A5 + A6 + B1) / 7, Where

СС - average cost;

A2-A6 - the residual value of the property on the 1st day of each month, where the figure is the serial number of the month (for example, A3 - the residual value as of March 1);

Unlike the formula for calculating the average annual cost, in the above formula all indicators are taken as of the 1st day of the month; data at the end of the month is not used.

Note! The calculations do not use the residual value of objects that are not subject to property tax or are recorded at cadastral value.

Example. Auto-jazz LLC repairs premium cars. Auto-jazz has repair equipment on its balance sheet.

Residual value of fixed assets in rubles:

as of 01/01/2018 - 589,000;

as of 02/01/2018 - 492,000;

as of 03/01/2018 - 689,000;

as of 04/01/2018 - 635,000.

In February, new equipment was purchased, as a result of which the residual value at the beginning of March became higher.

Let's calculate the average cost for January - March:

SS = (589,000 + 492,000 + 689,000 + 635,000) / 4 = 601,250.

Calculation of the average annual cost of fixed assets with an example

As we wrote above, the average annual value is needed to calculate the annual property tax.

Let's look at an example of calculating the GHS. Auto-jazz LLC repairs premium cars. Auto-jazz has repair equipment on its balance sheet. No equipment was purchased or written off during the year. Monthly depreciation amounted to 37,000 rubles.

Residual value in rubles:

as of 01/01/2018 - 989,000;

as of 02/01/2018 - 952,000;

as of 03/01/2018 - 915,000;

as of 04/01/2018 - 878,000.

as of 05/01/2018 - 841,000;

as of 06/01/2018 - 804,000;

as of 07/01/2018 - 767,000;

as of 08/01/2018 - 730,000;

as of 09/01/2018 - 693,000;

as of 10/01/2018 - 656,000;

as of November 1, 2018 – 619,000;

as of 12/01/2018 - 582,000;

as of 01/01/2019 - 545,000.

GHS = (989,000 + 952,000 + 915,000 + 878,000 + 841,000 + 804,000 + 767,000 + 730,000 + 693,000 + 656,000 + 619,000 + 582,000 + 545,000) / 13 = 767,000 rubles.

How to determine the average annual cost of fixed assets on the balance sheet in thousand rubles.

The balance sheet is an excellent source for determining and analyzing the return on assets.

The average annual value of property is often used for analysis. To do this, you need to take the figures recorded in Section I of the balance sheet under the line “Fixed assets”. For comparison, two years are taken, for example the reporting year and the previous one.

SGS = (Gotch + Gpred) / 2, where

Gotch - the cost of the OS at the end of the current year;

Gpred - the cost of the operating system at the end of the previous year.

Let's consider an example of calculating the GHS from the balance sheet. Auto-jazz LLC repairs premium cars. Auto-jazz has repair equipment on its balance sheet. The cost of the operating system on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 is 983,000 rubles, and as of December 31, 2018 - 852,000 rubles.

To get the GHS, we use the above formula:

GHS = (983,000 + 852,000) / 2 = 917,500 rubles.