Ttk for laying walls from blocks. Typical technological map (ttk) brickwork of external walls and internal partitions with installation of lintels

The laying of external and internal load-bearing walls, as well as partitions, must be carried out in accordance with the working drawings for the section being built, the work plan and this technological map.

The laying of the external load-bearing walls of sections No. 5, 6 and 7 is carried out by teams of masons "four". Recommended link composition (Fig. 10):

K - mason 4-5 categories;

K - mason 3rd category;

K - mason 2nd category;

K - mason 2nd category.

Fig. 10. Laying a wall with a thickness of 2 bricks in a “four”, “five” link: 1 - laying backfill; 2, 4 - laying internal and external versts; 3 - preparation of the mortar bed; 5 - brick layout

Work on bricklaying external load-bearing walls is carried out in the following sequence:

• - marking the locations of walls, doorways and securing them to the ceiling;
• - installation of the slats - ordering (if necessary) (Fig. 11);

Fig. 11. Orders a - installation and alignment of the outer corner metal order; b - the same, inside the corner; c - removal of order; g - intermediate wooden order; 1 - adjusting screws; 2 - fastening bracket-clamp; Z - screw clamp; 4 - mooring cord; 5 - mobile clamp of the mooring; 6 - carried; 7 - hook-holders; 8 - holes for securing the mooring cord; 9 - rule with a hole; 10 - order holder; 11 - wedge, 12 - double bracket

• - tensioning the mooring cord (Fig. 12, 13);
• - feeding and laying out facing bricks (Fig. 14), ceramic stones, “Splitter” wall stones;

Fig. 12. Installation of the mooring: a - mooring bracket, b - reinstallation of the bracket with the cord, c - protecting the cord from sagging with a beacon

Fig. 13.

Fig. 14. Layout of bricks when laying walls with thickness: a - two and a half bricks; b - one and a half bricks; c - one brick; 1 - for the tychkovy verst; 2 - for a spoon mile

Laying building and facing bricks (Fig. 15, 16, 17, 18), “Splitter” wall stones, ceramic stones and into the external wall structure;

Fig. 15.

Fig. 16.

Fig. 17.

Fig. 18.

• - checking the correctness of the laid masonry (Fig. 19);
• - laying prefabricated reinforced concrete lintels and individual reinforcing bars over door and window openings along the course of the masonry.

Work on the construction of external walls by a team of masons is carried out in the following sequence. Masons K and K are laying the outer verst and facing the wall face brick and wall stones "Splitter". The masons K K carry out the laying of the inner verst and the backfill, while the mason K helps them. The mooring cord is pulled by mason K only for laying the outer mile of face brick and Splitter stone. The laying of aerated concrete blocks into the structure of the end walls of the sections is carried out at the end of the masonry with a gap of 10 mm using a chain masonry system.

Fig. 19. Checking the correctness of the brickwork: a - the angle between the outer and inner walls with a square, b, c - the walls with a rule and level, d - the angle of the masonry with a plumb line

The laying of external load-bearing walls is carried out from the interfloor ceiling in a stepwise manner: first, the external cladding is laid out of facing bricks in 2...3 rows, and then ceramic stones are laid into the wall structure. Masonry is carried out to a level of 1200...1250mm above the floor level. Upon reaching the specified mark, the masonry continues with hinged panel scaffolding installed on the ceiling

The laying of sections of external walls with simultaneous lining of them with concrete stones "Splitter" is carried out ahead of the installation of facing stones in one row. Installation of "Splitter" stones above the level of the main masonry by more than two rows is not allowed.

Reinforcement of the masonry of external walls is carried out with welded metal mesh made of reinforcing wire. The spacing for laying reinforcement mesh is indicated in the KZh drawings.

During breaks in masonry, materials and products placed in the structure must be protected from precipitation.

Work on masonry of internal load-bearing walls and partitions is carried out in the following sequence:

• - marking the locations of walls and partitions, doorways and securing them to the ceiling;
• - installation of slats - ordering (if necessary);
• - tensioning the mooring cord;
• - feeding and laying out ceramic stones;
• - shoveling, spreading and leveling masonry mortar;
• - laying ceramic stones in the structure of the internal wall and partition;
• - checking the correctness of the laid masonry;
• - laying prefabricated reinforced concrete lintels over doorways along the course of the masonry.

The laying of internal load-bearing walls and partitions is carried out by teams of masons "two", the recommended composition of the team (Fig. 20):

K - mason 3 - 4 categories;

K - mason 2nd category.

Mason K strengthens the mooring for masonry, mason K feeds and lays out ceramic stones on the partition and spreads mortar for masonry.

Fig.20. Laying a wall with a thickness of 1.5 bricks in a “two” link: a - outer tray verst, b - inner tray verst, c - inner verst and backfill

The berth is tensioned along each row of masonry. Ceramic stones along the wall and partition being built are laid out in stacks of 2 pieces. at intervals of 1/2 stone (125 mm). Masonry in places where load-bearing walls, walls and partitions intersect each other must be carried out simultaneously. During forced breaks, the masonry is carried out in the form of an inclined or vertical groove. Reinforcement of the masonry should be carried out every 4 rows of bricks 2 Ш 6 А-I. The masonry should be carried out empty and the front surface of the partitions must not be filled with masonry mortar up to 15 mm. When the masonry reaches the level of 1200...1250 mm above the floor level, scaffolding is installed, and the masonry of the next tier is carried out from hinged panel scaffolding. The verticality of the edges and corners of the masonry, the horizontality of its rows must be checked at least twice on each tier of the masonry (every 0.5...0.6 m) with the elimination of any detected deviations during the construction of the tier.

Prefabricated reinforced concrete lintels above window and door openings are installed with a tower crane feeding them onto the prepared mortar bed. When installing jumpers, attention is paid to the accuracy of their installation along vertical marks, horizontality and the size of the supporting area. Reinforcing bars to support the facing brick of the outer verst are arranged in the following order:

• - at the mark of the top of the window opening, the board formwork with the racks supporting it is installed and verified;
• - a layer of mortar 15...20 mm thick is spread on the top of the formwork;
• - 3 Ш10 А-III are sunk into the solution with the free ends of the reinforcement bars inserted into the walls to a depth of at least 250 mm.

Removal of plank formwork should be carried out after 3...4 days, after increasing the strength of the mortar to 1.5...2.0 MPa, and in winter conditions no earlier than after 14 days.

Brickwork is one of the many types of work that requires the development of a work plan.

PPR for brickwork is developed on the basis of the construction plan, floor plans buildings, indicating the mounted walls or partitions, sections of the wall structure in cases of multi-layer structures.

Initial data for PPR for masonry

• Stroygenplan
• Vertical section of the building
• Floor masonry plans
• Structures and components of walls, partitions
• Model or design of remote load-receiving platforms

Description of the work

Before starting work on masonry walls, the necessary equipment, equipment and materials must be delivered to the construction site and prepared for work. Carry out all safety measures provided for in the PPR.

Delivery of bricks to the site is carried out in packages or on pallets in on-board vehicles. Bricks should be stored on a planned site on pallets or a reinforced concrete slab with a slope of no more than 4 degrees. Unloading of bricks and blocks from on-board vehicles and delivery to the temporary storage site is carried out by an assembly crane in bags on pallets.

Surface preparation requirements

Surfaces to be coated must not have deviations exceeding the tolerances established by GOST 11024-84* and GOST 13015-2003. Walls to be lined must have:

• strength of concrete in the structure corresponding to the design strength;
• humidity of concrete walls is not more than 4%;

The following requirements apply to concrete wall surfaces to be lined:

• the surfaces of all walls must be cleared of concrete deposits, plinth, support beams, etc. from construction waste;
• unevenness and differences of more than 1.0 cm must be eliminated, cracks cut and rubbed with cement-sand mortar M100-M150;
• vertical deviations of the wall surface when checking with a two-meter strip are within ± 5 mm;

Construction of brickwork according to the PPR, the building is divided into sections (stages), and sections into plots in proportion to the number of worker units. The brickwork of each floor in height is divided into tiers no more than 1.2 m high

The first tier from the floor slab is made directly from the interfloor slab or foundation. Subsequent tiers are laid out from construction scaffolding or from metal clamp scaffolding in accordance with GOST 27321-87. When laying walls and partitions of a building at a height of no more than 0.7 m from the working floor and when the distance from its level to the ground surface or height difference is more than 1.3 m, workers are required to use safety belts.

Organization of stone work

We take the total width of workplaces to be 2.5 - 2.6 m, including work area 60 - 70 cm).

Preparation of workplaces for laying walls is carried out according to the instructions of the work project in the following order: install scaffolding; place pallets with bricks (foam concrete or gas silicate blocks) in an amount sufficient for two hours of work; arrange a box for the solution; outline the orders indicating the marks of window and door openings, etc.

The masonry process consists of next operations: installation and relocation of the mooring; cutting and cutting bricks (foam concrete blocks) as necessary; supplying bricks (blocks) and laying them out on the wall; mixing, feeding, spreading and leveling the cement mortar on the wall; laying bricks or blocks into a structure; jointing; and finally, checking the correctness of the masonry.

The thickness of the brickwork joints should be 10 mm or determined in the PPR for the masonry. In case of forced ruptures, the masonry should be made in the form of a vertical or shelter penalty.

To begin laying, secure the corner and intermediate orders plumb and level. The notches for each row of masonry in all orders must be in the same horizontal plane. Install orders either at corners or at places where walls intersect or adjoin, as well as on straight sections of the external walls of a building at a distance of 10 to 15 m from one another. Having secured and verified the order at the corners, lay out the beacons from cement mortar like a shelter fine. When laying external walls, the upper mooring cord should be installed for each row, pulling it at the level of the top of the bricks being laid with a vertical indentation from the edge of the masonry by 1 - 2 mm into the building (from the worker's side).

How to break masonry with a vertical fine: lay a mesh (reinforcement) A1 into the seams of the masonry from longitudinal rods with a diameter of no more than 6 mm, from transverse rods - no more than 3 mm with a distance of up to 1.5 m along the height of the masonry, as well as at the level of each interfloor building ceilings.

The number of longitudinal reinforcement bars at the rate of 1 bar for every 12.0 cm of wall thickness, but not less than two for a wall thickness of 12.0 cm.

When making joints of reinforcing bars without welding, the ends of the smooth bars should be terminated with hooks and tied with wire overlapping the length of the bars by 20 diameters.

Rows of bricks (blocks) begin to be laid out from the outer mile. Stone masonry of structures and their elements, regardless of the dressing system, must begin and end with a bonded row.

The laying of the wall is carried out by a team of 2 people, masons of the 4th and 2nd categories. The link is assigned to the work area (plot) allocated to it for the entire period (stage) of masonry. Masonry is carried out from the inside of the wall (from inside the building) from inventory scaffolding or scaffolding.

In the process of masonry, work in the workers' section is distributed as follows:

When laying the outer mile of the butt row- a 2nd grade mason takes 2 face bricks (or blocks), stepping back 50-60 cm from the edge of the grip, lays the bricks on the inner surface of the wall or partition being laid with butt edges parallel to the wall, laying two bricks at a time of 12-13 cm between stacks , then the shovel takes the solution from the pallet and distributes it on the outer half of the wall in the form of a strip 20-24 cm wide, with a thickness of 2 - 2.5 cm, and a distance from the edge of the walls of 1.5 - 2 cm.

At the same time, a 4th grade mason carries out the masonry “pressed”. Using a trowel, he levels the mortar, then brings the brick to the laying site, and with a trowel in his right hand, he scoops up part of the mortar from the pallet to the side of the bed prepared for the bricks to be laid, and applies it to the spoon edge, then presses the brick tightly against the previously laid one, pressing it against the trowel blade and at the same time pulls the trowel out with his right hand. According to the PPR for stone works, then by pressing the brick being laid, the mason forms a vertical transverse seam of the masonry from the mortar. The mason sets the newly laid brick down to the level of previously laid bricks (blocks) by pressing his left hand and lightly tapping with a trowel. The mason cuts the mortar squeezed out onto the wall surface with a trowel and throws it into the mortar bed.

When laying the outer verst of a spoon row A 2nd category mason takes two face bricks from the package and, stepping back 50 - 60 cm from the edge of the plot, lays them out on the inner surface of the wall with spoon edges parallel to the axis of the wall, in stacks of two bricks with an interval of one brick between the stacks. Then he spreads the mortar on the outer verst in the form of a bed 10 - 11 cm wide, 2 - 2.5 cm thick. A 4th grade mason lays the outer verst "pressed", limiting it at the end of each plot with a refuge fine.

When laying the inner verst of a spoon row a mason of the 2nd category lays out a brick (or block) on the outer verst in the same order as previously described for laying the outer verst of a spoon row, but then spreads the mortar on the inner half of the wall for laying the inner verst and backfilling. A 4th grade mason lays the inner verst of the spoon row end-to-end, raking the mortar with the butt edge of the brick in the same way as for the outer verst.

When laying the inner mile of the butt row a 2nd category mason must lay out ordinary bricks on the outer verst, while not allowing any deviation from the edge of the plot, spreads cement mortar on the inner half of the wall of the building in the same order as for the outer mile. A 4th grade mason performs end-to-end masonry. Leveling the mortar with a construction trowel and holding the brick in an inclined position with his left hand, he uses the spoon edge of the brick to scoop out part of the mortar from the bed 5 - 6 cm from the previously laid brick. Gradually leveling the position of the brick to horizontal, the mason moves it along with the mortar to the previously laid one, in this case a vertical seam should form, then sets the brick on the mortar to the level of the previously laid bricks (blocks) by pressing the hand and tapping the trowel. The cement mortar squeezed out onto the wall surface is trimmed by the mason with a trowel, then thrown into the mortar bed.

When laying backfill A 2nd grade mason, following a 4th grade mason laying out the inner mile of the row, takes one brick in each hand and places them in the backfill using the “half-butt” method. To do this, you need to hold the bricks almost flat, scoop up the mortar with their spoon edges to fill the vertical seam and press it tightly to the mortar bed so that the upper horizontal plane of the bricks laid in the backfill is at the same level as the milestone ones. Completely vertical joints are filled only when spreading the mortar for the next row of masonry. A bricklayer of the 4th category, having completed the inner mile, moves on to laying bricks in the backfill, while a bricklayer of the 2nd category gives him bricks.

Joining seams

The jointing is carried out by a mason of the 2nd or 4th category simultaneously with the laying of the external walls, and the horizontal joints are opened first, and then the vertical ones. As a rule, partitioning of partition walls is not carried out. Masons grout joints first with a wide part of the joint, and then with a narrower part after grouting the joint surface.

What does PPR look like on masonry?

Examples of PPRs developed by us

JSC "INTERSTROYBASIS"

Project for the construction of roofing and laying of internal partitions and walls for the project “Reconstruction of the building: Moscow, Central Administrative District, Spartakovsky Lane, 2, building 1 for the Administrative Complex”

LLC "GENPROEKTSTROY"

Project for the production of masonry works for the project “Construction of a multifunctional sports, recreational, administrative and social complex at the address: Moscow, Northern Administrative Okrug, Khovrino district, Lyapidevskogo st., vl. 1 (building 4)”

LLC "201 UNR"

Project for the production of masonry work for the project “Moscow region, Krasnogorsk, Opalikha microdistrict, Anninskaya street. Stage 3 of construction Multi-apartment residential building with built-in premises and a closed parking lot. Building 6, sections 3 and 4."

LLC "Investstroykompleks+"

Development of a work plan for stone work on the object “Multi-storey residential building with premises public purpose in the stylobate part at the address: Moscow Region, Khimki, Lobanovo microdistrict, building 8"

PROJECT OF WORK PRODUCTION

BRICK MASONRY OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL WALLS

1. General part

1. General part

1.1 The main objectives of developing the PPR are:

- Organization of preparatory work;

- Determination of storage locations;

- Determination of the technological sequence, methods and methods of conducting work;

- Ensuring labor safety.

1.2 According to SNiP 12-04-2002 "Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production" clause 3.3, before the start of work, the general contractor must carry out preparatory work on organizing the construction site necessary to ensure construction safety, including:

- arrangement of fencing of the construction site territory on the territory of the organization;

- clearing the territory, planning the territory, drainage, preparing the surface for the installation of scaffolding;

- device of temporary highways, equip entrances with wheel washing stations, stands with fire-fighting equipment, information boards with entrances, entrances, locations of water sources, fire extinguishing equipment;

- delivery and placement on the construction site or outside of it of inventory of sanitary, industrial and administrative buildings and structures;

- arrangement of storage areas for materials and structures.

The completion of preparatory work must be accepted according to the act on the implementation of occupational safety measures, drawn up in accordance with -2001 "Occupational Safety in Construction. Part 1. General Requirements."

1.3 Basic standards and guidelines used during development

- SNiP 12-03-2001 “Labor safety in construction”, part 1;

- SNiP 12-04-2002 “Labor safety in construction”, part 2;

- PPB-01-03 "Rules fire safety In Russian federation";
_______________
Currently, one should be guided by the Fire Regulations in the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 25, 2012 N 390. - Database manufacturer's note.

- Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 N 87 “On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content”;

- Decree of the Moscow government N 857-PP dated December 7, 2004 “Rules for the preparation and execution of earthworks, arrangement and maintenance of construction sites in Moscow”;

- GOST 27321-87 "Rack-mounted attached scaffolding for construction and installation work. Technical conditions";

- GOST 24258-88 "Means of scaffolding. General technical conditions";

- SNiP 5.02.02-86 “Requirement standards for construction tools”;

- POT RM 012-2000 "Inter-industry rules for labor protection when working at height."

1.4 Work execution decisions:

- Brickwork of external walls (under window openings and fencing of balconies) is carried out from the ceiling and scaffolding;

- Brickwork of the internal walls is carried out from inventory scaffolding using grips, see sheets 2, 3.
________________
Sheets 2, 3 are presented in DWG format. See AUTOCAD tab. - Database manufacturer's note.

2. Work on installation of scaffolding

Basic requirements for scaffolding

Forests must be registered in the logbook in accordance with Appendix 3 of GOST 24258-88; The log must be kept on site. The registration number must be prominently displayed on the scaffold member or on a plate attached to it.

Installation and dismantling of scaffolding must be carried out under the supervision of a person responsible for the safe execution of work, in accordance with the Work Project for the installation of scaffolding and the manufacturer’s passport.

3. Safety solutions

3.1. General position

All work at the site should be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of SNiP 12-03-2001. Part 1, SNiP 12-04-2002. Part 2. "Labor safety in construction." Organization construction site, work sites and workplaces must ensure the safety of workers at all stages of work.

Persons at least 18 years of age who are medically fit to perform this work and who have been trained and instructed in the prescribed manner are allowed to work at height when installing and operating scaffolding equipment. Persons permitted to perform work for the first time must work for a year under the direct supervision of a more experienced worker.

Before starting scaffolding installation work, workers must receive a permit to carry out this work for the period necessary to complete the entire scope of work.

The mass of scaffolding assembly elements per worker (for manual assembly of scaffolding) at a construction site should not exceed 25 kg when installing and dismantling (scaffolding) at height and 50 kg when installing them on the ground.

Scaffolding must be equipped with stairs or ladders for ascent and descent of people, located at a distance of no more than 40 m from each other, and for scaffolding less than 40 m in length, at least two ladders or ladders must be installed. The upper ends of ladders or ladders must be attached to the crossbars of the scaffolding and openings in the scaffolding for exit from the ladders must be fenced on three sides. The angle of inclination of the stairs to the horizon should not exceed 60°, and the angle of the ladders should not exceed 1:3.

The technical condition of scaffolding is monitored before each shift and periodic inspections every 10 days. The results of periodic inspections are noted in the journal. The strength and reliability of fastenings, decking, fences, fixing devices that protect detachable connections from spontaneous disconnection, the condition of welds, and deflections of posts and crossbars are checked.

Forests are subject to additional inspection after rain or thaw, which can reduce bearing capacity foundations under them, as well as after mechanical influences. In case of deformation, the scaffolding must be repaired and accepted by the commission again.

Guardrails and scaffolding railings must withstand a concentrated load of 40 kg applied horizontally or vertically anywhere along the length of the handrail.

Entrances to buildings (structures) under construction must be protected from above by a continuous canopy at least 2 m wide from the building wall. The angle formed between the canopy and the wall above the entrance should be within 70-75°.

Scaffolding must be equipped with lightning protection devices and lightning conductors, consisting of a lightning rod, down conductor and grounding. The distance between lightning rods should not exceed 20 m, and the grounding resistance should not exceed 15 Ohms.

Scaffolding must be securely fastened to the walls of buildings along the entire height in accordance with the fastening schemes agreed with the scaffold designer (if the fastening scheme deviates from that specified in the passport).

When installing (dismantling) scaffolding, it is prohibited:

- admission of people to the area where scaffolding is being installed or dismantled.

- a crowd of people on the scaffolding floor, more than 3 people in one place.

- dropping scaffolding elements during their dismantling.

Scaffold decks located above 1.0 m from ground level must be fenced. The fence consists of a handrail located at a height of at least 1.1 m from the working deck, one intermediate horizontal element and a side board with a height of at least 15 cm. The gap between the deck boards should be no more than 5 mm.

Posters with load placement diagrams and their permissible values ​​should be posted on the scaffolding.

Work on external scaffolding during thunderstorms, wind speeds of 15 m/s or more, heavy snowfall, fog, ice and other cases that threaten the safety of workers must be stopped.

3.2. Safety precautions when carrying out masonry work from scaffolding, remote platforms and floors

Installation workers must be provided with special clothing, safety footwear, tested safety belts, helmets and other personal protective equipment.

When working at height, workers must be equipped with safety belts for fastening to reliable parts of the building, safety ropes, remote platforms or scaffolding racks in accordance with the instructions of the engineer supervising the work.

3.2.1. When working from scaffolding it is prohibited:

The passage of people under scaffolding, both during work and during breaks;

- Presence of people not engaged in installation work on the scaffolding;

- Simultaneous work in two tiers under each other;

- Storage of materials on scaffolding in quantities exceeding the permissible load on the flooring (according to the scaffolding passport). Only those materials that are directly used (processed) are supplied to scaffolding;

- Work on scaffolding without attaching a safety belt to scaffolding structural elements or a building (attachment points are indicated by technical engineers);

- Congestion of people on decks in one place;



In winter, before starting a shift, the flooring must be cleared of snow and ice. After the end of the shift, the flooring is cleared of debris and residues building materials.

3.2.2. When working on the ceiling it is prohibited:

- Finding unauthorized persons not involved in the work;

- Work on the ceiling without attaching a safety belt to the safety rope or building structures (attachment points are indicated by engineering technical personnel);

- Masonry of external walls up to 0.75 m thick in a standing position on the wall;

- If the wall thickness is more than 0.75 m, carry out masonry from the wall, without using a safety belt attached to a special safety device;

- It is not allowed to lay the walls of the next floor without installing load-bearing structures of the interfloor ceiling, as well as landings and flights in staircases;

- Working from random stands, boxes, barrels, etc.

The jointing of the external joints of the masonry should be done from the floor or scaffolding after laying each row. Workers are not allowed to be on the wall while this operation is being performed.

4. Technological map for bricklaying

4.1. Technology and process organization

Work should be carried out in compliance with safety requirements in accordance with SNiP 12-03-2001 and the rules for the production and acceptance of work in accordance with SNiP 3.03.01-87. Facing with single ceramic bricks is performed in the following sequence:

- installation of orders and tension of the mooring cord;

- supply and placement of bricks;

- mixing, feeding and leveling the solution;

- facing brick laying;

- masonry of internal rows;

- laying masonry mesh;

- jointing of masonry joints;

- checking the quality of masonry.

Fig.1. Organization of a mason's workplace

Legend:

1. Pallet with facing bricks and cellular blocks.
2. Box with solution.
3. The laid out section of the wall.
Rice. Direction of movement of masons K-1 and K-2

The brickwork is made of M125 grade brick (GOST 530-2007) on M150 mortar with reinforcement with 4Вр1 mesh, with cells 50x50 mm in 8 rows in height. In winter conditions, masonry should be carried out using M150 mortar with anti-frost additives. Laying by freezing is prohibited.

4.2. Working methods

Feeding and laying out bricks, mixing, feeding and leveling mortar for laying the outer mile:

- the mason (K-2) lays out the bricks after feeding it on the inner half of the wall (Fig. 2). For laying bonded rows - stacks of two bricks perpendicular to the axis of the wall with a distance between the stacks of half a brick or at an angle of 45° to the axis of the wall.

Bricklayer K-2 levels the mortar, stepping back from the face of the wall by 10-15 mm under the spoon rows with a width of 70-80 mm through the side edge of the shovel, and under the butt rows - through its front edge with a width of 200~220 mm; Levels the mortar bed with the back of a shovel.

Laying the outer verst.

1 AREA OF USE

This technological map has been developed for the installation of brickwork.

Routing intended for new construction.

Construction object:

When carrying out work, you must be guided by the following regulatory documents:

SNiP 3.01.01-85*. Organization of construction production;

SNiP 12-03-2001. Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;

SNiP 12-04-2002. Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production;

SNiP 3.03.01-87 “Load-bearing and enclosing structures”;

GOST 7484 – 78 “Bricks and ceramic facing stones. Technical specifications"

The volume of material resources required to complete the work:

Brick KORPu 1 NF/150/1.4/35 for external walls, thickness. 380 mm 1540.1 m 3

Brick KORPu 1 NF/150/1.4/35 for internal walls, thickness. 510 mm 40.0 m3

Brick KORPu 1 NF/150/1.4/35 for internal walls, thickness. 380 mm 470 m3

Brick KORPu 1 NF/150/1.4/35 for internal walls, thickness. 250 mm 560 m3

Brick KORPO 1 NF/150/1.4/35 for partitions of thickness. 120 mm 1542 m3

Brick KORPO 1 NF/150/1.4/35 for double partitions

Brick KORPO 1NF/150/1.4/35 for fire protection of columns 120 mm 693.5 m3

Cement-sand mortar grade M50 for internal

brickwork 1267.5 m3

Cement-sand mortar grade M50 for external

brickwork 1350.0 m3

Mesh for reinforcing double brick partitions

F16 A-I step 150x150 1470.0 mp

Mesh for reinforcing brickwork

F4 Vr-1, pitch 50x50 GOST 5781-82* 13093.0 mp

Brick grade is not less than M150 for compression and not less than Mr3 35 for frost resistance.

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION

Preparatory work

Before starting stone work, the following work must be completed:

All work on the installation of interfloor ceilings, flights of stairs, blocks of elevator shafts, ventilation blocks of the underlying floors has been completely completed;

A geodetic check was carried out and as-built diagrams were drawn up

Fencing of areas of interfloor slabs subject to grouting has been completed;

All items were delivered and stored at the construction site within the tower crane's operating area. necessary materials and products (Fig. 1);

Fig.1. Masonry jobs

A- when laying solid walls, b- when laying walls with openings, zones :

1 - working, 2 - materials, 3 - transport

The necessary devices, equipment, tools are prepared for work personal protection workers, scaffolding and tools;

Workers and engineers engaged in masonry and related installation work are familiarized with the work project and trained in safe labor methods.

Bricks and stones are supplied to workplaces before the start of the work shift. There should be a supply of them at the workplace for at least 2...4 hours of masons’ work.

The solution is supplied to workplaces before work begins and it is added as it is consumed, so that the supply of cement and mixed mortar in the warm season does not exceed 40... 45 minutes.

Tools and accessories:

1) Trowel;

2) Hammer-pick;

3) Mortar shovel;

4) Joining;

5) Mooring cord;

6) Mooring brackets;

7) Corner template;

9) Rule;

10) Mortar box;

Performers:

To perform these types of work, the following team of masons has been adopted. The work is carried out in two shifts, totaling 16 people.

4 people - Lead masons - wall laying;

4 people – Helpers – auxiliary work;

The direct execution of masonry is closely related to a number of related and auxiliary works. Thus, transport workers ensure a continuous supply of materials to workplaces. After finishing the masonry, carpenters install scaffolding to the height of the tier. After finishing laying the floor, installers begin installing floors, stairs, and partitions.

Organization of work:

For ease of work, the height of the floor masonry must be divided into tiers.

III – 140 cm.

Lay the masonry from the scaffolding:

Fig.2. Panel scaffolding

A- hinged-panel when laying the second tier, b- portable platform for laying the walls of the staircase;

1 - truss - support, 2 - flooring, 3 - inventory fences

Work technology

The main masonry of the external walls is made of ceramic ordinary hollow bricks KORPu 1NF/150/1.4/35 in accordance with GOST 530-2007, 380 mm thick.

The masonry of the internal walls should be made of solid ceramic bricks

KORPO 1NF/150/1.4/35 according to GOST 530-2007.

Lay the partitions out of ceramic hollow bricks 1NF/150/1.4/35 according to GOST 530-2007, 120 mm thick. In the premises: rearmament, storage and cleaning of weapons, security post room, lay two-layer partitions from solid ceramic brick KORPO 1NF/150/1.4/35 in accordance with GOST 530-2007. Perform reinforcement between the layers with a mesh with a cell of 150x150 made of F16 A-I - total thickness 300 mm.

Reinforcement of brickwork walls should be performed in accordance with SNiP II-22-81. Apply mesh: F4 Vr-1, step 50x50 GOST 5781-82*, lay every 5 rows of masonry.

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All brick partitions longer than 6 m should be attached to half-timbered posts at intervals of 3 m. Fig. 3.

Rice. 3. Attaching partitions to half-timbered posts.

Rice. 4. Fastening external walls to columns.

Laying double partitions with vertical reinforcement

Material resources:

Brick KORPO 1 NF/150/1.4/35 for double partitions

reinforced with mesh in the vertical direction of thickness. 120 mm 30.0 m3

Mesh for reinforcing double brick partitions

F16 A-I step 150x150 1470.0 mp

Electrodes UONII 13/55

Rice. 5. Construction of a double partition with vertical reinforcement.

Installation of prefabricated structures should be carried out in parallel with brickwork. Prefabricated reinforced concrete lintels are laid along the course of the masonry. Also during masonry, insulation of structures is carried out.

Jumper arrangement.

In brick partitions 120 mm thick above openings of 900 mm or less, use generic lintels of 2 diameters A-III-8 in accordance with GOST 5781-82. The reinforcement is laid on the formwork in a layer of Ts.P. solution M50 30mm thick. Embed reinforcement rods into the walls 250 mm in each direction.

Follow the support of the jumpers according to the design.

Total consumption of central heating solution M50 = 1.6 m3

Consumption A-III-8 according to GOST 5781-82 = 320 kg (810 m.p.)

For jumper specifications, see Project l-1_1 01-08-1-AR-1. Common data.

Production of stone works in winter.

Laying masonry using the freezing method

Maintain the temperature of the mortar to be laid at least +20 °C at 0 °C ambient air; when the ambient air temperature drops by several degrees, increase the temperature of the mortar by the same amount. When the temperature of the mixture is above +30 °C, it thickens quickly; you cannot add water.

Apply a portion of the solution to the installation site only for 20 - 30 minutes of work;

Use a grade of mortar that is a class higher than the design grade – M75;

Lay the masonry over the entire width of the wall at the same time;

Before laying, clean the brick from snow and ice;

Keep a log of control over the execution of brickwork and its defrosting.

Freezing with antifreeze additives

Use the Superplast additive in accordance with technical regulations on its application. Only persons over 18 years of age and who have undergone safety training and entry into a logbook are allowed to work with chemical reagents.

Strengthening the masonry during the thawing period. Before the masonry begins to thaw, take measures to unload the structural elements of the masonry or strengthen them.

Sections of internal free-standing walls, the height of which is more than 5 times their thickness, should be temporarily secured with double-sided struts;

Secure high walls with double-sided compression;

Reinforce the pillars with steel clips or inventory clamps made from metal corners secured with bolts;

At the ends of the purlins, install racks supported by wooden wedges.

Rice. 6. Strengthening masonry during the thawing period:

A - piers with unloading racks; b- pillars and piers with steel casing; V- the same, with inventory clamps; G- free-standing walls with double-sided struts; d- high walls with double-sided compression;

1 - board; 2 - stand; 3 - wedges; 4 - wooden lining; 5 - steel corner; 6 - coupling bolt; 7 - clamps with coupling bolts; 8 - struts; 9 - logs; 10 - wire twists.

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE QUALITY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

Compliance of masonry with the design and SNiP requirements is monitored during the process of receipt of materials at the construction site - incoming control, during the construction of structures - operational control and during acceptance - acceptance control.

Incoming control – control what arrives at the construction site wall materials and solution. promptly inform the construction laboratory about a new batch of wall material arriving at the construction site and participate in sampling for testing. At the construction site, visually determine the quality of the received material by appearance and the size of the stones. Brick of any kind should not have broken corners, bends or other defects. Not accepted ceramic brick“underburning”, as well as bricks that have lime inclusions (dutiki), which subsequently cause the destruction of the brick. Check the availability of passports and quality certificates for construction products.

The finished mortar delivered to the construction site must have a passport indicating the date and time of manufacture, brand and mobility.

Acceptance rules:

From each batch of bricks or stones, samples are taken in the amount of 0.5%, but not less than 25 pieces. bricks and 15 pcs. stones;

Samples are taken from different pallets in a pre-agreed sequence;

Samples are checked for size and appearance;

Selected samples are tested for compressive strength and bending strength.

Marking:

Products must have a stamp on one non-facial surface indicating the brand of the manufacturer;

The batch of products must be accompanied by a passport indicating the name of the product, the address of the manufacturer, the batch number, the number of products shipped, the brand of brick for compressive and bending strength, the results of tests for water absorption and frost resistance, the date of issue of the passport.

Transportation and storage:

Bricks and stones must be transported in pallets or containers;

Measures must be taken to protect against mechanical damage;

Loading/unloading should be carried out mechanically using special grips and mechanisms;

Loading/unloading in bulk (throwing) is prohibited;

During storage, it is prohibited to stack pallets with bricks on top of each other above two rows.

Operational control – carried out by foremen directly during work. Monitor the correct filling of masonry joints with mortar, verticality, horizontality and straightness of surfaces and corners, thickness of masonry, dimensions of walls and openings. When inspecting, be guided by the following maximum permissible deviations: Permissible deviations during the construction of a brick wall, mm:

1 - vertical surface - 10 mm;

2 - vertical corner surfaces: per floor - 15 mm, over the entire height of the wall - 30 mm;

3 - cut marks - 10 mm;

4 - masonry thickness ± 15 mm;

5 - width of the walls - 15 mm;

6 - opening width ± 15 mm;

7 - rows of masonry from horizontal to 10 m length - 15 mm

The average thickness of horizontal and vertical masonry joints is checked twice per shift. Within the floor, the average thickness of horizontal joints should be 12 mm, vertical joints - 10 mm. In this case, the thickness of horizontal seams should be within 10... 15 mm, and vertical ones - 8... 15 mm. Thickening of seams opposite to those indicated is allowed only in cases provided for by the project.

The correctness of laying the corners of the building is checked with a wooden square, the horizontality of the rows is checked with a rule and a level at least twice on each tier of masonry. Having laid the rule on the masonry, place a level on it and check the deviation. Any deviations are eliminated by laying subsequent rows.

DIV_ADBLOCK115">

Volume – 694 m3

Standard labor costs of workers, person-hours

For the entire volume - 12418

Per unit m3 – 18

Schedule plan for the production of stone work for the facility: “Engineering and operational building in Nadym”

5. SAFETY

1) When carrying out masonry work, comply with the requirements of SNiP 3.03.01-87, SNiP 12-03-2001 part 1; SNiP 12-04-2002 part 2, and job descriptions

2) It is prohibited to leave unlaid wall materials, tools, construction waste,

3) It is not allowed to lay the walls of a building to a height of more than two floors without installing interfloor ceilings.

4) When laying walls from internal scaffolding, it is mandatory to install protective canopies along the entire perimeter of the building in accordance with SNiP 12-04-2002 part 2. When installing and removing visors, workers must work with safety belts.

Protective visors

A- bracket mounting diagram, b - canopy installation diagram and awnings; 1 - bracket, 2 - board, 3 - steel hook, 4 - visor, 5 - canopy

5) Over the entrance to the staircases it is necessary to install canopies measuring 2.0 x 2.0 m

6) It is prohibited for people to stay on the floors below the one on which construction and installation work is being carried out (on one grip), as well as in the area where cargo is moved by a crane.

7) Areas dangerous to human traffic during bricklaying must be fenced off and marked with clearly visible warning signs.

8) Workplaces should be equipped with the necessary fences and safety devices. All openings in the ceilings to which people can access must be covered with a solid solid flooring or have fences around the entire perimeter 1.1 m high. Open openings in the walls are protected by a continuous protective fence. The openings of the elevator shafts must be covered with shields made of boards b = 50 mm. The shaft between the flights of stairs must be blocked with shields, and the flights must be fenced.

9) When laying piers, use inventory temporary fencing and work in secured safety belts.

10) Climbing onto and descending from the scaffolding is carried out using inventory ladders.

11) Gaps of more than 0.1 m between scaffolding and scaffolding should be covered with shields, the design of which excludes the possibility of their shifting.

12) When carrying out bricklaying work in the dark, the mason’s workplace must be illuminated in accordance with the standards.

Instructions for attaching the safety belt

When laying brick walls and installation of lintels, the following must be secured with safety belts: masons laying piers; workers conducting jointing and cleaning of brickwork of external walls; workers installing berths. All of the above workers are required, before starting work, to familiarize themselves with the methods of securing the safety belt against a receipt in the safety magazine. It is prohibited to bend hinges or seal them with mortar until all installation and masonry work is completed. The places where the safety belt carabiner is attached must be indicated in advance by the master or foreman and brightly colored.

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Place brick by brick in fresh mortar, end to end along the cord (groove and tongue tying ensures correct placement of bricks). Check the position of the bricks using the level and the rail and correct them using a rubber hammer. Brick blocks should not protrude beyond the foundation or ceiling by more than 25 mm! The bed joint mortar is applied over the entire surface to the outer edges of the wall, but should not protrude outwards, so excess mortar flowing from the bed joint is removed with a spatula. Pockets in the vertical joints of POROTHERM® bricks are completely filled with mortar. When using POROTHERM® bricks, no mortar is applied to vertical joints at all. Before applying bedding mortar under the next row of bricks, wet the top surface of the bricks of the last row laid. The consistency of the masonry mortar should be such that the mortar does not flow into the vertical holes of the bricks!

Lay the next rows in the manner described above so that the distance between the vertical seams of adjacent

the rows along the wall were 125 mm (see the previous section, Bonding masonry).

Do not forget to check the height of the masonry rows using a lath and their verticality using a level or plumb line. We also recommend checking that the cord tension is correct from time to time. If the wall is not built according to a length modulus of 250 mm, then you can use the so-called leveling bricks, which are produced for perimeter walls with a thickness of 380 and 510 mm. Using leveling bricks you can fill the space between brick blocks from 90 to 225 mm. Leveling brick consists of two parts of different sizes, which are connected during the manufacturing process. When broken down along the designated section, two parts are obtained - A and B. Thanks to their combination and the use of deep internal grinding, it is possible, if necessary, to fill voids in the thickness of the masonry.

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To bandage masonry with sharp and obtuse corners made of POROTHERM® bricks, the bricks must be sawed. Sawing can be done either on tabletop circular saws or using hand-held power chain saws.

5.4. Laying partitions

First, if necessary, level the floor with mortar. For masonry, use high-quality plastic lime-cement mortar. Under the first row of bricks in the partition it is necessary to apply a layer of mortar at least 10 mm thick.

Starting from the second row, lay bricks with a seam of approximately 12 mm. The remaining principles of masonry, i.e. laying bricks, aligning them horizontally and vertically, applying mortar are the same as when laying walls. When connecting a load-bearing partition made of POROTHERM® 25 bricks to a perimeter wall, apply the mortar to the side of the brick and press

brick this side to the perimeter wall. Through the row you need to tie the seam of the load-bearing partition with the perimeter wall according to the instructions in the Types of masonry section.

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When connecting a partition to a load-bearing wall using POROTHERM®12 end bricks, apply mortar to the side, lay the brick and press its side with the applied mortar against the load-bearing wall. With this type of joint, it is necessary to reinforce every second bed seam using a flat stainless steel anchor (for example, using the FD KSF anchor from FISCHER). The horizontal part of the anchor, bent at a right angle, must be pressed into the bed joint solution, and the vertical part must be screwed with a screw and dowel to the load-bearing wall.

Flat stainless steel anchors can also be attached to the wall directly during its construction by installing them into the bed seams at the site where the partition will be attached.

Table 1 - Dimensions of horizontal channels and niches in

masonry, permissible without calculations

Notes:

1. The maximum depth of a channel or niche means the depth of any hole made when constructing a channel or niche.

2. As for additionally punched vertical channels that rise above the floor level by no more than 1/3 of the height of the room, a depth of up to 80 mm and a width of up to 120 mm are permissible if the wall thickness is greater than or equal to 225 mm.

3. The horizontal distance between adjacent channels or a channel and a niche or opening must be at least 225 mm.

4. The horizontal distance between two adjacent niches located on one or both sides of the wall should be twice the width of the larger niche.

5. The total width of channels and niches should not exceed the length of the wall multiplied by 0.13.

5.5. Weather

Most building materials must be protected from weather conditions when stored on a construction site. POROTHERM® bricks must be protected from moisture, and sufficient protection is provided by complete polyethylene packaging. Temperature environment when laying, hardening and hardening of the mortar, it should not fall below + 5 °C either day or night, because otherwise the chemical processes taking place in the mortar may be disrupted, and the solutions may not acquire the properties that were declared by the manufacturer. When laying, you cannot use frozen bricks, i.e. bricks with snow or ice on the surface! It is fundamentally necessary to protect the finished wall from getting wet, since water accumulates in the vertical holes of perforated bricks, which takes a long time to dry. It is especially important to cover the upper surface of walls and window sills with moisture-proof coatings that prevent mortar and easily soluble substances, such as lime, from being washed out of the joints, and also prevent the formation of plaque.

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Pick-up case

1 - gripping arms with a wall;

2 - axis;

Z - pallet with bricks.

Self-tightening grip

1 - grip frame;

2 - tension plates;

Z - clamping beams;

4 - gripping device.

6.3. Workers receiving loads at masons' workplaces must be trained and have a slinger's certificate. A stable radiotelephone connection must be established between the workers and the tower crane operator.

6.4. It is prohibited to throw tools, fixtures, work equipment, construction materials and other items from the floor.

6.5. Before installing carpentry, all window and door openings in the external walls being constructed must be fenced or closed with safety shields (grids).

6.6. Tools, accessories and equipment used in work must comply with standards ( technical specifications), be comfortable, durable, safe for others and kept in good condition.

Brickwork Tools

A - trowel;

b - mortar shovel;

V - jointing for convex and concave seams;

G - hammer-pick;

d - mop.

Test tools

A - plumb line;

b - roulette;

V - folding meter;

G - square;

d - building level;

e - duralumin rule.

6.7. The height of each tier of masonry is set so that the level of the masonry after installing the scaffolding is at least 0.7 m above the level of the working floor (Fig. 26, 27).

Fig.26. Package self-erecting scaffolds

1 - rectangular support in folded position,

2 - flooring,

3 - slings for lifting and changing the height of scaffolding

Fig.27. Boltless tubular scaffolding

A - general form,

b - anchor for fastening scaffolding;

1 - lining,

2 - shoe,

3 - stand,

4 - crossbars,

5 - fencing,

6 - working flooring,

7 - anchor embedded in masonry,

8 - a scaffolding hook connected to an anchor hook,

9 - hooks welded to the crossbars,

10 - pipes welded to the crossbar post.

6.8. It is prohibited to stand on it with your feet or lean your elbows while laying masonry. The flooring used should only be of stock production (Fig. 28, 29). It is prohibited to use pallets, boxes, containers, or other objects not intended for these purposes as scaffolding.

Fig.28. Scheme of rack scaffolding

1 - tape-covered flooring,

2 - continuous covering,

Z - runs,

4 - eyes,

5 - top retractable stand,

6 - lower tripod stand.

Fig.29. Panel scaffolding

A - hinged-panel when laying the second tier,

b - portable platform for laying the walls of the staircase;

1 - truss - support,

2 - flooring,

Z - inventory fences.

6.9. The gap between the wall (partition) being erected and the working floor should not exceed 50mm. The flooring of working scaffolds must be regularly (at least 2 times per shift) cleared of debris.

6.10. Protective canopies with a plan size of at least 2 x 2 m must be installed over the working entrances to the section.

6.11. The suspended scaffolds used must be of inventory quality only and subject to periodic inspection

6.12. In areas of masonry of external walls, external inventory protective canopies must be installed in the form of a flooring on brackets (Fig. 30). The brackets are hung on steel hooks - clamps attached to the wall being built along the course of its laying. The first row of protective canopies is installed at around 3.300, and is maintained until the completion of the construction of the external walls. The second row of protective canopies is installed on the outer walls and is rearranged along the course of the masonry every 6 m. It is allowed to use second row flooring made of mesh materials with a cell size of no more than 50 x 50 mm.

Fig.30. Protective visors

A - bracket mounting diagram,

b - canopy installation diagram and awnings;

1 - bracket,

2 - board,

3 - steel hook,

4 - visor,

5 - canopy

6.13. All construction waste generated during the work must be collected in a special container (garbage container) and, as it accumulates, removed from the floor by tower crane for removal off the construction site. Removing construction and household waste by throwing it down through window or door openings or from balcony slabs prohibited.

VII. Quality Assurance Guidelines

7.1. Quality control of bricklaying work on external and internal load-bearing walls and partitions on a typical floor includes:

- acceptance of previously completed installation work preceding the brickwork;

- quality control of building materials and products used for masonry and mounted lintels;

Control production operations related to the production of stone work and laying lintels over openings;

7.2. Acceptance of previously completed work prior to the construction of external and internal load-bearing walls and partitions is carried out in accordance with the requirements of section 2, paragraphs 2.111+2.113 SNiP 3.03.01-87 and working drawings of the project.

Control of production operations is carried out according to the scheme of operational quality control of stone work and work on the installation of lintels over window and door openings of walls and partitions. The operational quality control scheme is given in the table 7 .1.

Acceptance of finished stone structures is carried out in accordance with the requirements of section 7 paragraphs. 7.86+7.90 SNiP 3.03.01-87 before plastering their surfaces (Fig. 31).

Table7 .1

Fig.31. Permissible deviations for brickwork (shown by dotted lines):

A - walls,

b - pillars.