How to make money on the stock exchange with investments. Stock Market for Beginners

Let's discard the pretentious title of the article and immediately clarify that my opinion does not pretend to be expert, because like everyone else, I write honestly and describe my real experience. And here you will definitely not be able to bypass all the rakes, about which a lot of material has been written on these your Internet, here, without experience and full of bumps, nothing will work out at all.

The article will be supplemented as you gain experience. Stay tuned!

LAST UPDATED ARTICLE - 11/15/2018

To be honest, my initiative to invest in the stock market was the longest running and most deliberate of all the adventures I have ever contemplated. Even when I proposed to my wife, I acted more spontaneously. For a long time I did not even dare to open an account, although in the same Tinkoff Investments its maintenance is free. I do not like to take on unnecessary obligations, especially since the memory of how I pissed off about 40,000 rubles at the opening of an LLC, which never started its work, is still alive. All the same, individual entrepreneurs for small businesses still rule in many respects.

I tried to find adequate literature on this issue, but I never came across those books that can quickly explain to me all the key points related to making money in the stock market. Most of all I liked the phrase of Alexander Eller: the stock market works due to the fact that someone loses (my free wording). To a greater extent, this applies, of course, to speculative trading and aggressive investors, but in general it concerns the entire stock market. You will definitely not be able to make money here impudently, it is important to understand this.

Stock market for beginners. Without which it is better not to start:

Before performing any actions on the stock exchange at all, you should know what the stock market is, how it works and what you will pay for:

The stock market is volatile

As a matter of fact, no matter what you read in the books of all sorts of smart Japanese-American business coaches (about rich relatives), investing is far from easy and cloudless. Yes, and I would not recommend believing beautiful pictures like these:

It looks great, but the most interesting thing is real data that stocks grew by 61%, BUT (!!!) keep in mind that often pretty numbers do not indicate annual growth and your total profit, but growth during the period of time when the stock was most successfully bought and most successfully sold.

The stock market is constantly changing and a beginner may have a runny eyes from all this data, indices, alphabetic and digital ciphers and other attributes of the stock exchange.

One news of a problem in a company may well lower the value of its shares, and one successful news can raise the company to previously unseen heights. In addition, a particular event in the world of the company in which you made your investment can affect it in completely different ways, for examples we go to the next paragraph.

Investing in stocks of large and well-known campaigns does not mean 100% success in terms of investments and profits.

Let's take a look at real-life examples. So, Gazprom:

In 2008, the company's shares cost 360 rubles per share at the highest point. Since January 2017, the shares have gone off in a peak and recently broke through the mark of 140 rubles apiece, continuing to fall. In 2016, Gazprom paid almost 8% dividends to all shareholders, but this figure looks like nothing if you look at that in April 2016 the shares were worth 160 rubles, and now they are 140:

Again, we look at the chart and see that if we had bought shares in October at 135 rubles and sold them in January for 155, we could have boiled over a little.

And such a picture can be with absolutely any company, which is why it is so important to follow the news.

Another example from Apple:

This is a graph of the dynamics of the value of Apple stock from February 2016 to February 2017. Point 1 - May 13, 2016, maximum drawdown by price, let's see what happened to Apple that day:

Completely different events are noted at point 2. During this period of time, the company reported the maximum quarterly profit in the entire history of the company, the shares soared up sharply, and the figure that calculates the company's capitalization has increased markedly. The funniest thing is that all this continued against the background of the fact that some of the investors were allegedly unhappy with the Apple manager and the shares (in theory) should have gone down under the threat of selling their stakes by some of the shareholders, but this did not happen.

In general, I recommend to all those who want to start (try) to make money on the stock exchange to keep their finger on the pulse for some time without any gestures, see how it all works, what the market reacts to, shares of specific companies you are interested in and read a number of thematic resources which I will point out at the end of this article.

Broker commission and account management cost

Basically goes to every action. Both buying and selling. If you buy Shares of the company "horns and pedals" for $ 10 apiece in the amount of 10 pieces, and then they drop sharply in price to $ 2 apiece and you decide to sell them out of harm's way, then you will lose not only those $ 8 with each share, but also a commission from both the purchase and the sale. Each broker has its own commission, pay close attention to this and do not forget to take these factors into account when predicting your profit or loss.

The cost of maintaining an account is often not such a significant part of an investor's budget, but it also cannot be discounted.

Fluctuations in currencies on the stock exchange

Regardless of which companies you are going to invest in, a novice investor definitely needs to take into account currency fluctuations. Foreign companies (available for investment) accept dollars, which means that if today you buy shares with a rate of 30 rubles per $, and tomorrow the rate shoots up to 35 rubles at the same price of the same share, then when you sell it, you will already be in the black ...

The same rules should be used for Russian companies, because those companies that list their assets on the stock exchange are mainly large players in their sector of the economy, a part of which is often export-oriented. Accordingly, when the exchange rate fluctuates, certain financial indicators may be adjusted.

Commission for the operation of transferring from rubles to dollars

My broker - Tinkoff Investments treats this transaction as a broker's commission action. When I was counting the profit, no one told me about this, from now on I will know and I recommend that you keep in mind that many brokers transfer rubles to dollars when they deposit funds to a brokerage account with a commission, a similar event will be carried out when withdrawing funds in rubles ...

Personal income tax for an investor

Brokers generally read this data themselves and withhold 13% of your income from you for transfer to the tax authorities. It will not work to deceive anyone (neither a broker nor an investor) - the tax is calculated when funds are withdrawn and, in theory, calculations should be made on your losses-income, from which the tax will be paid. If you have not earned anything, then in my opinion you do not need to pay anything.

By the way, if you are counting on dividends from shares of foreign companies, then keep in mind that you must also pay taxes in accordance with the rates of the country in which you bought the shares (and, accordingly, received income)

Exchange opening hours

Calculate the buy-sell time depending on the sites where your shares are listed. If you have an irresistible desire to buy or sell part of your investment portfolio right now, then make sure that the actions are carried out strictly during the working hours of the exchange. There are wonderful things like premarket and postmarket. There people (including myself) squandered and squander huge amounts of money ...

What is my recent example with investments in Nvidia, when the premarket was at 205, at the opening of the exchange it started at 206.5, at 206 I bought, after 20 minutes the shares fell to 200, then to 196. A premarket is a dangerous thing, like and spontaneous trading on the stock exchange ...

Broker working hours

There was a situation - the shares collapsed at 22.00, the money was on the card, I wanted to transfer it to a brokerage account - a bummer. The broker works until 21.00, so replenishment is possible only the next business day, and the money is hanging in the air. The next day, at about 9.30 am, the operation ended, and I had the money, but the exchange where the shares I needed were traded was closed, and the opening was accompanied by a rise in the value of those same shares by exactly $ 2. Longing-sadness….

Analytics is a budding investor's best friend

Those novice investors (I was like that too, don't worry) who have read up to this point already deserve respect in the sense that they did not give up this bad idea to hell. Let's continue. In order to earn at least something on the stock market, you need to be able to quickly and move your brain a lot, because there are more than enough players on the market, and in order to get rich on investments, you need to be at least as stupid as these guys:

Ideally, you need to be smarter than them, and even better smarter than all of them (which is essentially impossible) and have a lot of experience. I do not recommend rushing headlong into attempts to make a fortune in the stock market in a short period of time and invest your last pennies or the entire salary of a security guard in a five-storey store at once (if you are the same security guard, of course), such maneuvers can end in tears for you , neither business nor the stock market likes fools.

How to analyze the stock market? It's very simple (not really). There are several things that will help you with this:

• Fundamental analysis. Here you analyze the company itself, its market behavior, financial performance, production moments and much more. This is a huge work, because it is very difficult for an unprepared person to unearth so much information, and even in the public domain. By the way, you must constantly monitor the financial performance of the company if you are going to invest in it seriously and for a long time.
• Technical analysis. It is based on studying the behavior of quotes and predicting their further movement. Honestly, it's complete nonsense. All these "shoulders", "curves" and other pips that the graph draws are definitely some kind of nonsense. It is more important to understand movements based on market psychology and company fundamentals.
• Investor psychology. The most important thing is that I have problems, including me. Is the market panicking? Don't panic with him. You should not buy paper on highs, because rich guys may well merge the stock after fixing a large profit. Another cool thing is panic sale. This is when the paper falls due to the fact that everyone begins to pour it out in large quantities. This happens to Tesla all the time. Either Elon Musk will smoke a joint on the air, then someone will hurt them in a car. In general, game ... In my opinion, the most successful investment is buying at the time of panic selling and selling at the top. But this comes with experience ...

Useful sites for novice investors and stock market newbies (the list will be updated):

https://ru.investing.com/ - here you can find a lot of useful information on each of the companies that place their resources on the stock market, analytics and general data. But please do not trade there by comments ... They squander huge sums there, listening to each other's expert opinions ...

My chat on Telegram: @freeman_invest - there I publish my investment movements online

Today, in developed countries, many working people, in addition to their main income, try to invest in various securities. This can be additional income with the prospect of profit growth in the future. The most common instruments are stocks and bonds of large companies.

Where to begin

Before carrying money to the exchange, you should take care of the "reserve fund". Investing in securities is always a risk. Therefore, first you need to make a deposit in the bank, where you can accumulate at least three monthly salaries. This will be a rainy day "safety cushion" in case you fail. When choosing a bank, one should adhere to the golden rule - a credit institution must have a valid license from the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. This is the only way to guarantee the safety of your funds.

Before choosing an investment instrument and buying securities, it is also a good idea to do self-education and at least learn the basics of working on the stock exchange. Many companies now offer free investment start-up courses. It should be remembered that some brokerage companies specifically teach clients to speculate, that is, to play on the stock exchange every day, buying and selling shares. This method is not for beginners, and you can be sure that you will not earn anything, but will only “feed” the broker with commissions.

The brokerage company must also have a license from the Central Bank. A list of such companies is available on the Central Bank's website in the "Financial Markets" section. Brokerage services are also provided by large banks.

You should be especially careful when contacting companies that operate in the Forex market. There are a lot of illegal dealers in this market.

“In the first quarter of 2018 alone, the Bank of Russia identified 99 illegal Forex dealers, data on 78 such organizations were sent to the prosecutor’s office to block their sites in court,” Valery Lyakh, director of the Bank of Russia's Department of Counteraction to Unfair Practices, told Karelinform.

As a rule, scammers lure customers with the promise of easy and large earnings. On their websites, such companies provide access to a "personal account" and supposedly a trading terminal. In fact, clients do not invest in currencies, and all the results on the sites are "drawn". As a result, the clients' invested funds go to the accounts of fraudsters, and when trying to withdraw cash, "technical problems" begin to arise.

“Companies that do not have a license from the Bank of Russia often use their trump card by the fact that they are registered abroad and they have a license from a foreign regulator. But remember - if problems arise when interacting with such a platform, and they arise in 99 percent of cases, you will have to fight for your rights in a foreign jurisdiction - in the Virgin Islands or even further away, ”the Central Bank expert warns.

In any case, it is worth remembering that currency trading is the most risky way to invest money.

How does the exchange work

There are several common myths regarding stock gambling. One of them: the exchange is like a casino, the client is always a loser. Another misconception is that it is easy and extremely profitable to play on the stock exchange. Both statements are extremes. In fact, the stock market is just a place to buy and sell securities.

There are two main types of company securities - stocks and bonds. By buying shares, a person becomes the owner of a share in the company. Buying bonds, he only lends money to the company at a fixed interest rate. In both cases, the holder of the securities can count on income that is higher than the income from a deposit in a bank. However, there is a risk in both cases. If the company goes bankrupt, no one will return your investment.

Therefore, most people around the world prefer to invest in securities of large and stable companies. But in this case, you should remember about the simple investment rules.

Firstly, if you do not understand anything at all about investments, then you can first purchase units of mutual investment funds (UIF). This is the easiest way to invest in the stock market. Secondly, if you still decide to figure out the intricacies of the exchange yourself, then you need to open a brokerage account. This service is offered by large banks or brokerage companies.

It is easy to buy and sell shares through your personal account - it takes no more than a minute. But not all trades will be profitable. It is almost impossible to understand when which securities will rise in price and when to fall. At the initial stage, invest no more than 10-20% of your savings in stocks and bonds.

The exchange does not offer you to make money easily and quickly. Again, don't trust the “stock guru” with free courses that teach you how to buy and sell every day. Also, you cannot find the only correct strategy that will bring guaranteed income - there are no such strategies, and you will soon be disappointed.

Remember that stocks and bonds are long term investments. You don't need to expect that in a year or two you will have saved up for a new apartment. It may happen that by the time you buy an apartment, the stock market will fall, then you will have to wait for a new rise in the market.

Mutual fund - for beginners

Novice investors are always advised to choose a mutual fund instrument. You simply transfer the money to the brokerage company, and the managers will make the deals for you.

The easiest way to invest is with index funds. Managers do not try to speculate and take risks, but simply invest in the securities of large and stable companies. Moreover, the commission for such funds is usually the lowest. This is how most lay investors around the world invest.

However, this tool is more suitable for investing small amounts of up to 100 thousand rubles. If you are ready to risk several hundred thousand, then it is better to study the wisdom of the stock market yourself.

Features of the national exchange

Another convenient investment tool has recently appeared in Russia. These are individual investment accounts (IIA). It works as follows: the client opens an account, deposits funds into it and buys stocks or bonds. As a result, the account holder receives dividends and profits from the growth in the value of securities, coupons from bonds, but most importantly - a 13% tax deduction on deposits for up to 3 years.

There are two limitations. Firstly, no more than 1 million rubles per year can be deposited into the IIS account, and a deduction can be obtained from an amount of no more than 400 thousand rubles (that is, 52 thousand rubles per year maximum). Secondly, in order to qualify for a tax deduction, you cannot withdraw funds from your account for 3 years.

Thus, the IIS tool allows you to earn up to 11-12% per annum in three years, taking into account the tax deduction - compared to a bank deposit, the profitability is almost one and a half times higher.

Real stories

Compliance with the basic rules and prohibitions on investing allows you to have good additional income in the long term, say participants in specialized forums.

“I have been trading on the stock exchange since October 2015. And I realized that it was rather risky. The other day, for example, I earned 248,000 in one day, and a day later I lost a large sum - 170,000. But another day I “recaptured” and received 330,000, ”writes a resident of Stavropol Vladimir.

“I have been on the stock exchange for about 6 years. Immediately I set myself a rule - to avoid "razvodilov". I chose the stock market as the most suitable investment environment. I remember my first deal - I bought shares at 142 rubles, and sold at 149. Naturally, I remained in the red, since I paid a commission to the broker. For the next six months, I continued to feed the broker with daily trades. Then I realized that it was better to play for a long time. If you want to make something, my advice to you is, buy reliable papers and forget about them for the next five years. I got 150% profitability on the shares of one company. But I had to wait, ”writes another investor from Stavropol, Ivan.

What you need to remember

To summarize, we can summarize the basic rules and restrictions when investing in securities:

If you do not have savings in the bank, do not go to the stock exchange. First, create a "safety cushion" that will help you out in the event of a crisis or failure. The stock of funds should be equal to 3-6 months' earnings.

The best strategy for newbies is to buy and hold securities of large companies. You do not need to “play on the stock exchange”, you need to invest.

Complete your initial training, preferably in a large and independent school.

It must be remembered that investments are long-term investments. There is no need to count on immediate profits or even large income within two years. Your prospect is 3-5 years.

Consider simple and affordable investment instruments - mutual funds and IIS. They are also associated with a certain risk, but are more understandable and predictable.

Naturally, in the comments, many of our readers wrote that all this is a scam for money, nothing more.

NETTRADER representatives answered many questions and objections, explained the principles of brokerage companies and the difference between the right brokers and unscrupulous ones who profit from a simple human desire to make money quickly.

Based on these explanations and other NETTRADER advice, we have compiled this article. We will answer users' questions and tell you how to distinguish a real broker from a fraudster, and then we will also show you how the Tradernet.ru service looks like and how to use it.

How does trading on the exchange generally take place?

The first question that probably interests those who are thinking about trading on the exchange: why do you need a broker? Why should I perform transactions only through it? Is it possible to register directly on the exchange, buy and sell shares as an individual?

No. The law prohibits individuals from independently making transactions on the exchange. Necessarily need an intermediary - a legal entity with a license for brokerage activities. This can be a management organization, a bank, or a brokerage company.

The functions of the exchange include the organization of trading in securities. There is nothing complicated in the process of buying and selling shares: you need to give the broker an order by phone or through a program that is installed on a computer or runs in a browser.

Having received the order, the broker brings it to the exchange in a few seconds, and there the deal is waiting for the counterparty - an individual or a company who will sell you shares or buy yours.

But to understand which stocks to buy and sell, you need to be able to navigate the financial situation and even have some flair. If it seems to you that you cannot yet plunge headlong into the study of this issue, but are ready to pay those who already understand this, contact analysts for help: they will compile a portfolio, help and give recommendations.

However, you can independently master the nuances of stock trading and test your trading skills by opening. Everything is real, only a million virtual money is at your disposal.

Of course, sand is not an important substitute for oats, as Bill said in The Leader of the Redskins. Even if your demo account is swollen with unprecedented profits, this does not mean that you will be as successful in the real world. You will also need to pay the broker's commission and income tax. In addition, when you invest real money, the sensations from what is happening will be much sharper - you may miss a good deal, because you will be scared, for example.

But thanks to educational trading, you will learn how to navigate the trading terminal, which is very important.

Do I need an economic education to learn how to trade stocks on the stock exchange?

We will not loudly declare that anyone who at least knows how to read can make money on promotions, but specialized education is not required either. At least no one will ask you for a diploma, and you can learn to understand financial processes on your own.

Before entering your money into the system, you should practice on, read articles, watch webinars, etc. NETTRADER even has its own. And every morning before the opening of the exchange, the company's employees organize a 15-minute webinar where they discuss the economic situation.

You need to learn, delve into, understand. Perhaps it will take you more than one month. But are there any professions that can be mastered in a couple of days?

The stock exchange is not a casino where, by pulling the lever of the machine, you can suddenly lose everything or, on the contrary, get rich. An exchange is a good way to invest money plus a lot of analytical work.

If you want to feel like a wolf from Wall Street, first become at least a little bit, gain experience, knowledge, understanding of the internal processes of trading on the stock exchange, study. Then you can hardly lose a million in a couple of days.

To start trading, you need a large start-up capital. How can I earn something with my pennies?

The minimum deposit with NETTRADER is 3,000 rubles. But this, of course, is not enough to buy decent shares. For 3,000 you will most likely be able to buy out a lot of one company. Such investments will surely bring a lot of nerves and a minimum of profit, because the portfolio needs to be diversified - to buy shares of different companies. And yet, only you can decide how much you are willing to invest.

NETTRADER has an interesting case on this topic. Vladimir Ryazantsev, who is now 47 years old, decided to independently take care of savings for retirement and created a "personal pension fund" with the help of NETTRADER.

Interestingly, he started just with a deposit of 3,000 rubles and now he replenishes his account with 3,000 rubles every month. If he simply put this money on the card, now he would have saved 36,000 rubles. A bank deposit would bring very little profit over the year. Now Vladimir has almost 54,000 rubles on his account - quite a solid increase.

• brokerage license;
• dealer license;
• depository license;
• a license to carry out activities for the management of securities.

The work of brokers is regulated by the Financial Markets Service of the Bank of Russia, and it issues licenses. By the way, if you see the FFMS in the license, this is also a real broker, he just received licenses until 2013, when they were issued by the Federal Service for Financial Markets (FFMS).

The NETTRADER group of companies includes Russian, Ukrainian and European brokers. Each of them has licenses from their regulators.

2. Check if the company has access to the exchange

There are so-called kitchens - intermediaries who generally do not make transactions on the exchange at the request of clients. At the same time, the client gets a sense of the reality of what is happening. He sees quotes on the website, submits orders through the terminal, makes a profit or incurs losses. Only here the values ​​of quotes may be far from real, and the broker itself acts as a counterparty.

At the same time, it is beneficial for pseudo-brokers to incur losses, because all the profit that is shown in your personal account is just virtual money, as on a demo account, in reality it does not exist. Kitchen brokers keep the customer's deposit. It is beneficial for them that the person initially deposits a larger amount and quickly spends it on non-existent and failed transactions.

It is beneficial for a real broker that you remain his client for many years and continue to make transactions. From them, he receives a commission (by the way, very modest: tenths of a percent).

Yes, the broker will receive a commission in any case: is your trade profitable or not. But if you spend all your money on failed trades, you will leave. This means that your success is actually useful to the broker.

So, we check that the selected brokerage company is admitted to trading. This can be done on the website of the Moscow Exchange and on the website of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

3. Understand fees and surcharges

“There are so many numbers that there is simply no energy to study the rules for paying commissions. Trade faster! A million will not work by itself! " Oops, here you got caught by typing in a lot of additional and hidden payments in small print.

Study the tariff plans, commissions, withdrawal fees carefully. If something is not clear to you, ask a question to the representative of the company. You must be able to accurately. Do not forget about: citizens of the Russian Federation pay 13% of the profit received on the exchange.

NETTRADER has several plans. You can choose a monthly subscription fee of 600 rubles, which includes commissions on transactions in stocks and bonds on the Moscow Exchange with a turnover of up to 1,500,000 rubles per calendar month.

You can pay 0.15% for each completed transaction with stocks and bonds. This is convenient if you have purchased securities and want to hold them for a couple of months.

What happens if the broker closes, goes bankrupt, or what could happen to him? Will I lose all the money I invested?

The broker does not own your money and shares, he is only an intermediary between you and the exchange. Accordingly, if the broker closes (for example, his license is revoked), you will transfer your shares from the depository to the account of another broker.

At NETTRADER, clients' money is transferred to exchange settlement organizations: the National Settlement Depository (NSD) or NCC Bank. The law prohibits these organizations from performing any own operations with financial instruments, as well as operations on lending and placing funds.

The rights to clients 'securities are recorded in the depository of the NETTRADER company, and NETTRADER has a nominee account with the National Settlement Depository, where the rights to the clients' securities admitted to trading are recorded. The depositary is not legally entitled to dispose of clients' securities.

If a broker loses a license, he is obliged to notify clients in writing about this within three days and act according to their instructions: return the money and transfer securities to the account of another broker.

We hope that this article has explained to you the nuances of the exchange and brokerage companies. And if you still have questions, ask them in the comments: NETTRADER specialists will answer them. In the video below we show how the trading terminal works on the site.

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Stereotypes that get in the way of saving money

Let's be honest: I'm not a financier or a stock analyst. On the stock exchange, I invest ridiculous money by the standards of real investors.

I don’t live on income from stocks, it doesn’t bring me millions. And if my husband did not work in a brokerage company, I would hardly have dared to buy shares on the stock exchange.

Luda Sarycheva

novice investor

If this does not bother you - get down to business. In this article I will tell you why popular judgments about investments on the stock exchange are wrong. This is what I learned from my own experience, from friends' reviews and from books about investing.

Misconception 1

This is a lie

Financial literacy is bad in Russia. The employer deducts the tax from the salary himself, the pension also accumulates itself, the price of groceries in the store is indicated including VAT. For many people, financial literacy boils down to spending wages sparingly. We don't think of money as a way to make new money.

As a result, we are poorly versed in finance and consider trading on the stock exchange to be fraudulent:

Such commentators get in the way of everything. They call everything an exchange that has a trading schedule and Buy and Sell buttons. This is an example of illiteracy.

Most often, such people complain about forex brokers. Forex brokers promise returns of up to 500% per week, which, of course, is complete nonsense. As Oleg Mikhasenko said, in America such forex is equated to a casino, because 80% of people lose money on it.

But forex is not an exchange.

The stock exchange is a securities store. Companies bring shares to the stock exchange - like pieces of a company. The exchange sells them.

By law, you cannot just come to the exchange and buy shares on it for cash. This requires an account with a brokerage company. You put money into an account and give an order to buy a Yandex share, the broker transfers it to the exchange, and the exchange puts the Yandex share on your brokerage account. You now own a piece of Yandex.

You will remain a co-owner of Yandex, even if the Central Bank takes the broker's license. If this happens, you agree with another broker and transfer the assets to him.

The danger appears if the company operates without government licenses and is registered somewhere in the Cayman Islands. If she deceives you, you will return the money according to the law of the Cayman Islands. And you will not return.

An honest broker can be distinguished by these features:

State licenses... In Russia, they are issued by the Central Bank (until 2013 - the Federal Service for Financial Markets). If there is such a license, then the Central Bank controls the broker. Brokerage companies usually publish licenses on the site. If they are not there, ask to send them, but do not trust the broker until you see the license of the state regulator. Private finance licenses do not count.

Passport for the contract... A real broker enters into an agreement with an investor only on the basis of a passport. If the company allows you to trade anonymously, your money is at risk.

Registration in Russia... Check the registration on the company's website. If a company is registered in Russia, it operates according to Russian laws:

Advertising... The broker does not promise a specific profitability, this is prohibited. If you see an ad “Successful investment with up to 85% income per day,” please pass by. Honest brokers also advertise, but they will say something like "Invest in the shares of large companies" without numbers.

If you doubt the honesty of a broker, check the list of professional market participants on the Central Bank website. If a broker is on the list, the Central Bank looks after him:

Another similar option to check a broker is to find it in the list of trading participants on the Moscow Exchange website. There are only licensed brokers.

From all this, one conclusion: trading on the stock exchange is a deception only when you turned to the left broker or confused the stock exchange with forex brokers.

Misconception 2

This is a lottery

Investments on the stock exchange are unpredictable, but calling them a lottery or a casino is ignorance. The lottery is luck. The probability of winning the American lottery "Megamillions" is 1 in 250,000,000. It is not so on the stock exchange: you yourself control the situation and balance the risks.

Of course, it will not be possible to predict the exact profit on securities, especially on the securities of Russian companies. For example, last year, Yandex shares dropped after the president's speech. The President said the Internet was a CIA design. The market reacted: investors thought the company was in danger, started selling shares, supply exceeded demand, and the price fell. Another example: shares of Tinkoff Bank fell in price due to a typo in the new law. If you want to know exactly the return on investment, it is better to put your money in the bank. The exchange will have to be dealt with more seriously.

To make investments on the exchange consistently profitable, balance the risks and invest for a long time.

Balance the risks- means not investing all your money in one instrument. If you have 100,000 rubles, spend part on shares, part on the stock index, part on dollars and euros. If any of this falls in price, the profit on the other instrument will compensate for the loss.

The higher the yield, the higher the risk. Proceed from this rule when you build your portfolio: combine high-risk instruments with low-risk ones. Better yet, seek advice from a financial advisor. Every brokerage company has a consultant. Brokers are interested in clients making a profit, so they will not give bad advice.

Invest in securities for a long time... When you invest for profit in 5-20 years, you don't care about small market shocks. In general, the market is always growing: seven years have passed since the 2008 crisis, and the stock market has won back and replayed the fall, although it has grown more slowly.

With stock investments, I believe that money will not be wasted. In a bank account, money will be depreciated due to the crisis, and securities will survive it if you choose a reliable instrument. The choice of instrument and risk is up to you, so the exchange is not a lottery.

Misconception 3

It's complicated

Investing on an exchange is more difficult than choosing a deposit in a bank, but easier than many people think. You don't have to be an economist by training, you just need to understand financial instruments and market mechanisms. This is within the power of both engineers and art critics.

In the US, buying shares is more popular than ours. America has low inflation - 1.33% in 2015 - and low interest rates on bank deposits. Investing in stocks is more profitable: the normal return on investments on the stock exchange in the American market is 5-15% per year. Therefore, in the United States, securities are bought by housewives, teachers, waiters and students without special education.

My husband’s job pushed me to buy shares: he started working in the brokerage company “Nattrader” and opened an account there. Gradually, ten of our friends opened brokerage accounts in the same company, and I also decided to try.

I am a culturologist by training and have always had a poor understanding of exact sciences. This did not prevent me from understanding the work of the market at a basic level and investing money.

If you want to try it too, do this.

Understand financial instruments. Read blogs, investor guides, newbie books. They are written in simple language without professional terms. Your task is to understand how instruments work: stocks, bonds, stock indices. These tools will be enough for the first time.

Dig into Google Finance. This resource shows quotes of companies for any period. You can see how Apple, Citigroup, Tesla and Burberry have grown since the first sale of the stock and over the last day:

The current price of the share. If there is an auction now, it changes. Don't look at these changes: they mean nothing in a long-term strategy.

The period for which the chart shows price changes. Now the selected period is five years

Exact start and end dates of the period

Overall percentage change: Apple is up 171% in five years

The schedule itself. If you hover the mouse, it will show the exact price of the stock on the day you indicated

Read financial reviews and forecasts. Over time, you will understand what the market growth depends on, how the OPEC meeting affects oil prices and why the ruble is weakening.

Try a demo account. A demo account is a demo brokerage account, it is free and every brokerage company has it. It is opened without signing an agreement: register by e-mail and learn to trade. You will have virtual money on your account, with which you can pretend to buy and sell shares. It helps to get familiar with the market before investing real money.

Look at portfolios of other investors. Sometimes brokerage firms allow investors to study the portfolios of others. I go to the page of an experienced investor and see what stocks he bought. Then I can buy the same.

Consult with a consultant, especially if you invest 200,000 rubles or more.

If you study finance for 15 minutes a day, you will figure out how to invest in a month.

Misconception 4

Need a lot of money

Another myth is that to invest on the stock exchange, you need to turn around in millions. It is not true. Of course, the more money you invest, the more tangible the profit, but you can start with small amounts. My broker opens accounts from 3000 rubles. This money will be enough, for example, to buy 100 shares of the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works.

Financial consultants advise starting with 30,000 rubles. With this money, you can already collect a portfolio in order to preserve savings. When you invest, keep in mind that the brokerage company takes a commission for maintaining the account, and when withdrawing money, it will deduct 13% of the tax from the profit. But 30,000 rubles is enough to cover these costs.

I invested 60,000 rubles

I bought 500 shares of Surgutneftegaz for 42 rubles. A month later, I received 8 rubles of dividends for each share, a total of 4,000 rubles. Profit on dividends - 20% per month. After the dividend was paid, the shares fell in value. Three months later, they returned to the purchase price, and I sold them.

A thousand shares of the Russian energy company Eon. I bought shares in August, growth at the end of November - 24.8%.

Shares of the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine simultaneously with Eon. MMK has assets in dollars, so if the dollar goes up, shares go up too. As the dollar weakens, stocks fall. Profit - 12.2%.

Apple promotion. I bought one in mid-October. Profit at the end of November - 6.07%.

Part of the money from the brokerage account was converted into dollars and euros. This is not for profit, but to balance the risks. If I want to buy shares in the US market, I will buy them for dollars in my account.

At the time of this writing, my portfolio is worth 67,500 rubles. I opened an account at the end of June for 60,000 rubles. It turns out that the profit for four months is 12.5%. For comparison, my contribution to Tinkoff Bank brought in 4% over the same period.

My portfolio now looks like this:

Who is not suitable

Trading in the stock market is not for everyone. I have little experience in this, but during the investment, I realized two cases when it is better not to open an account.

Do not open an account if you are too emotional... Or open an account, buy shares and do not look into it for six months or a year. Otherwise, you will be too worried when the stock price falls and sell the declining stock. This is bad, because after the fall, the stock can rise and you will incur losses. Emotions get in the way of rational thinking. Out of emotion, I bought dollars for 70 rubles in August, and after a week or two it cost 62.

Invest only free money... Do not invest your last savings or money for a fur coat in stocks. You will be too worried about them and will not be able to rationally dispose of. Better to put this money on a deposit with compound interest, so you can accurately predict the profit.

These are the rules that I have learned from experience. Perhaps it is more useful to find out yourself: invest a little money and try to trade. So you will know for sure whether investing on the stock exchange is right for you.

Why is it important

In Russia, few people save money.

The excuse is that it is useless: a crisis will blow and you will be left with nothing. But this is exactly the main reason to understand finance. This way you can manage the risks at least a little. If there is a crisis in Russia, and you have shares in an American company, your savings are safe. But if you keep cash at home, it will go to waste.

The economy of the country as a whole depends on financial literacy. Financially literate people do not take microloans at 700% per annum. They do not believe Sergei Mavrodi. They don't buy TVs when the dollar goes up. They do not keep money in cash, but distribute it among financial instruments. They invest in company stocks, and companies make profits, expand production, become competitive, enter the world market, attract more investment, pay more taxes, and create more jobs.

The good news is, getting to grips with finance is easy. It's easier than doing accounting in 1C. You don't have to carry the money to the stock exchange right away. It's good if you at least show interest in this topic. And then you will understand what to do.

conclusions

1. Check the broker: this broker is registered in Russia and operates under licenses from the Central Bank or the Federal Service for Financial Markets.
2. The income on the exchange is unpredictable, but the investor controls it.
3. The securities will survive the crisis: the market is growing steadily and in five to ten years it will win back the fall.
4. You don't need an economic education to trade on the stock exchange. Read blogs, watch financial news, check charts on Google Finance.
5. You can start investing from 30,000 rubles: this money will be enough to make up the initial portfolio and recoup the costs of the broker's commission.
6. Invest for a long time, then small market fluctuations will not affect you.
7. Invest only free money so as not to worry about temporary losses.