Profit and loss report calculation of indicators. Coursework: Profit and Loss Statement

Gains and losses report (OPU) is a table view financial results activities of the organization for a certain period. Along with the Balance Sheet, the Profit and Loss Statement is one of the two most important forms of accounting reporting (Form No. 2). Starting with the reporting for 2012, this form was renamed “Report on financial results”, while the essence and composition of the indicators did not change.

The income statement reveals key financial indicators operations of the enterprise, such as revenue, cost of sales, commercial and other income and expenses, as well as the final financial result.

Unlike the Balance Sheet, where the data is given as of a certain date, The income statement contains indicators for a certain period cumulative total from the beginning of the year (usually for the 1st quarter, half year, 9 months, year).

Structure of the Profit and Loss Statement

The report consists of a set of indicators that together give the final financial result - net profit or loss. The main performance indicators of the organization are at the very beginning of the report - these are revenue, cost of sales, commercial and administrative expenses - all this makes up the financial result (profit or loss) from sales, i.e. from the main activities of the organization for which it was created.

Next come indicators of other income and expenses, such as payments, other income and expenses, which, together with the previously obtained results from sales, make up the indicator “Profit (loss) before tax.” After income tax is subtracted from this indicator and the change in deferred taxes and assets and liabilities is added, the final financial result is obtained - net profit or loss for the period.

Profit and loss report form

Currently, the form of the Profit and Loss Statement is in force, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 2, 2010 N 66n “On Forms financial statements organizations." You can download the form. It should be noted that the form approved by the Ministry of Finance is of a recommendatory nature; an organization can add lines with its indicators, detailing the available data, or remove lines for which it does not have data.

Who needs a Profit and Loss Statement

The profit and loss statement, like the balance sheet, is compiled by all organizations leading. If the Balance Sheet shows what property the organization owns and what the sources of financing are, then the Profit and Loss Statement shows financial results the organization's performance and is used to evaluate the effectiveness of its activities. The GTC is submitted together with the Balance Sheet to the tax authorities and state statistics authorities. The profit and loss report is carefully studied by investors, banks issuing loans, and partners who work with the company.

The income statement is the main source of information for financial analysis enterprises. Two main forms of reporting (Balance Sheet and Operating Income) are enough to calculate and evaluate all the main ratios and indicators of the enterprise (for example, automatically, using).

Still have questions about accounting and taxes? Ask them on the accounting forum.

Profit and loss statement: details for an accountant

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Profit and loss statement (form No. 2). Instructions, rules and filling procedure

Gains and losses report characterizes the financial results of the organization for the reporting period and how it made profits or losses. This is achieved by comparing total income and expenses in the report.

The income statement, together with the balance sheet, is an important source of information for a comprehensive analysis of profitability.

In the income statement, data on income, expenses and financial results are presented on an accrual basis from the beginning of the year to the reporting date.

According to PBU 4/99 “Accounting statements of an organization”, the following indicators are required to be separately disclosed in the report:

• revenue from the sale of goods, products, works, services;
• interest receivable;
• income from participation in other organizations;
• other operating income;
• non-operating income;
• extraordinary income.

The procedure for presenting data in the profit and loss statement depends on the organization's recognition of income based on the requirements of PBU 9/99 "Income of the organization" of the nature of its activities, type of income, size and conditions for their receipt as income from ordinary activities or other income (operating, non-operating or emergency).

When reflecting in the profit and loss statement types of income, each of which individually constitutes five or more percent of the organization’s total income for the reporting period, it shows the portion of expenses corresponding to each type.

Column 4 profit and loss report is filled out based on the data columns 3 report for last year. If the data for the same period of the previous year are not comparable with the data for the reporting period, then the first of these data are subject to adjustment based on changes in accounting policies, laws and other regulations. Corrective entries in accounting are not made.

Let's consider the procedure for generating profit and loss report data for each item:

The financial statements include such a form as the financial performance statement, form 2. Unlike the balance sheet, it reflects dynamic indicators, such as income, expenses, and profit received as a result of business activities. This register is formed on the basis of accounting information, and is often requested by owners when applying for loans, as well as by competent authorities.

The legislation determines that conducting accounting is the responsibility of every business entity that is registered with the Federal Tax Service as a legal entity.

In this case, no exceptions are made and the organizational form of the enterprise, the taxation system used, etc. are not taken into account. Accounting statements, and in their composition the report on financial results, must be sent to the Rostat and INFS authorities in mandatory.

Non-profit organizations and bar associations must also submit a profit and loss statement, Form 2, since this form is required to be completed by all entities.

Only citizens who, as an organizational and legal form, are exempt from such obligations. The same right exists for units foreign companies. All these entities can prepare reports and send them to the authorities on a voluntary basis. Previously, reports did not have to be prepared and submitted to the relevant authorities only by companies using the simplified tax system.

The company may be classified as a small business. In this case, the provisions of the law provide for a simplified reporting procedure for such companies.

Attention! Even if you use this benefit, the company must draw up and submit accounting forms reporting, but in a simplified form. Companies must remember that this reporting includes a statement of financial results, form 2 and.

Which form to use – simplified or complete

An enterprise that does not meet the criteria for being classified as a small business must submit a balance sheet form 1 and a financial statement form 2 in full according to the provided reporting forms.

Organizations that have the right to use simplified reports are determined by the legislation “On Accounting”, these include:

• Companies classified as small businesses.
• Non-profit organizations.
• Participants in research and development projects on Skolkovo legislation.

Only these entities are given the right to prepare simplified accounting statements. Based on the prevailing circumstances and characteristics of the enterprise, they can independently decide on the use of reporting forms. This decision they must be fixed in accounting policy companies.

However, the use of simplified reporting is unacceptable for such business entities as:

• Firms whose statements must be audited mandatory audit. They are determined by relevant legislation.
• Companies belonging to housing and housing-construction cooperatives.
• Credit consumer cooperatives.
• Microfinance companies.
• Government organizations.
• Parties and their branches in the regions.
• Bar associations, law bureaus, chambers of lawyers, legal advice.
• Notaries.
• Non-profit enterprises.

Report submission deadlines

Financial statements, including balance sheet form 1, financial performance statement form 2, etc., must be sent to the tax authorities and Rosstat no later than March 31 of the following year. This temporary restriction exists only for the above listed bodies.

However, for statistics, it is possible that when certain events occur, you will also need to add to the standard package audit report regarding the drafted annual report. The company must submit it to Rosstat within ten days from the date the auditors issued their report, but no later than December 31 of the following reporting year.

In addition, reports can be submitted to other competent authorities, as well as published due to the characteristics of the type of activity being carried out in accordance with legal norms. For example, companies that are tour operators must submit accounting forms to Rostourism within three months from the date of its approval.

The rules of law establish a different reporting procedure for companies registered on October 1. They can exercise their right and submit reports not until March 31 of the following year, but a year later.

For example, Rassvet LLC was registered with the Federal Tax Service on October 23. By decision of management, the company will submit its annual report by March 31, 2019, including information for the entire period of activity in one report.

Attention! Companies must file reports annually. Reporting, especially the financial performance report Form 2, can be presented not only annually, but also monthly or quarterly.

As a rule, in this case, its recipients are the owners who use it to make management decisions, credit institutions for processing loans and credits, etc. Such financial statements are called interim.

Delivery methods

The financial performance report Form 2, included in the annual report, can be sent to the competent authorities using the following methods:

• Come to the institutions and hand over the financial statements to the responsible person in person at on paper in duplicate. Sometimes they may also ask you to provide an electronic file of it. This method not available for companies with more than one hundred employees.
• Send a valuable letter through post offices or courier services. The post office will require an inventory of this letter.
• Using electronic document management you can submit annual reporting to all specified bodies, if any. For this purpose, a specialized program or website can be used tax authorities etc.

Form and sample for filling out a financial performance report in Form 2 in 2019

How to fill out a profit and loss statement form 2: full version

When filling out the financial results statement Form 2, you should follow a certain sequence.

The period under review is written under the title of the report. Further in the table, on the right, the date of compilation of the report is reflected. Below you need to write down the full or abbreviated name of the company, and in the tabular part - the registration code with Rosstat.

Then the TIN of the reporting company is reflected. Next, the name of the main type of activity carried out by the company is written down in words, and the OKVED code 2 is indicated in numbers.

The next line indicates the organizational form and form of ownership of the organization and puts the corresponding codes next to it. Next, the unit of measurement used is recorded.

The report itself is a table in which the company's performance indicators are reflected in terms, and in the columns - their value in the period of time under review and the previous one similar to it. Thus, a comparison of two periods of activity occurs.

Line 2110 should reflect the income received during the reporting period from all types of activities. This indicator is equal to the credit turnover on the account. 90.1. In this case, VAT should be removed from the revenue amount.

In the following lines of this subsection, you can decipher the amounts of income by type of activity. Small businesses may not do this.

Line 2210 reflects the amount of expenses incurred by the enterprise for the manufacture of products or the provision of services (work). The amount of the account turnover is reflected. 90.2.

At the same time, depending on the cost formation method used, the amount of expenses may include administrative expenses or not. If they are not included in the cost price, these amounts are reflected in line 2220.

If necessary, a breakdown of expenses by area of ​​activity is also made here.

Old school accountants remember what an income statement is. It was previously called Form No. 2 of annual financial statements. That is, the very form that is now called the “Report on Financial Results”. Today we will pay attention to filling it out correctly.

Form No. 2 is a mandatory report, which, along with the balance sheet, is submitted as part of the annual financial statements by all organizations. His form has been approved By Order of the Ministry of Finance dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n. Then he left Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 6, 2015 No. 57n, who made adjustments to the original form, including its name. It is still used in this form today.

The report, as its name implies, reflects the financial results that the company received for the year, as well as their structure. The figures are not given on their own, but are compared with similar indicators for the previous year. That is, not only the static result of the organization’s activities is reflected, but also its dynamics.

By the way, the deadline for filing annual financial statements expires very soon. In general, its last day falls on March 31, but this year this day is a day off. Therefore, annual financial statements for 2017 must be submitted no later than April 2, 2018. It is submitted to the Federal Tax Service and the territorial branch of Rosstat.

Note! In addition to annual financial statements, which include Form No. 2, interim ones can also be prepared. It is intended not for the Federal Tax Service and the Statistics Service, but for internal use by the founders, management or economic department, as well as for provision to interested parties - investors, credit institutions, business partners.

Report structure

The form consists of two parts:

• header part;
• table with calculation of financial results.

It is important to know! Small businesses have the right to submit. For this purpose, a simplified form of balance sheet and income statement can be used.

Heading or title part

The title part of the report indicates the main taxpayer information:

• Name;
• Kind of activity;
• organizational and legal form;

On the right side of the header there is a small plate intended for codes. It states:

• date of report in AA BB CCCC format, with separate cells for day, month and year;
• code by OKPO;
• TIN;
• activity code for OKVED;
• codes by OKOPF / OKFS(organizational form / form of ownership);
• code OKEY(unit code).

Title part

Tabular part

The main table consists of five columns:

1. Explanations. If the balance sheet and income statement require explanation, they are included in the financial statements. If they are available, column 1 of form No. 2 indicates the number of the corresponding explanation.
2. Indicator name. The lines in this column contain different kinds income and expenses of the organization for the reporting year, which are involved in the calculation of the financial result - revenue, cost, management and business expenses and so on. Full list shown in the image below.
3. Code. This is an optional column that specifies report line codes.
4. Behind this year . A column in which the indicators indicated in the lines of column 2 for the current year are reflected line by line.
5. For the previous year. The same indicators, but for the previous year.

Here is what the table with the calculation of the financial result looks like:

Main table

Line 2110. Sales revenue is reflected minus VAT and excise taxes. The calculation involves subaccounts of account 90 “Sales”: the amount on the credit of the “Revenue” subaccount - the amount on the debit of the “VAT” subaccount.

Line 2120. The debit turnover is reflected in the subaccount “Cost of sales” of account 90.

Important! The value is placed in parentheses - this means that the amount must be subtracted from overall result. All expenses in the report are indicated in parentheses.

Line 2100. Gross total. It is calculated as follows: line 2110 - line 2120. A positive result means profit, a negative result means loss.

Line 2210. Selling expenses are a debit turnover on a subaccount to account 90, intended for accounting for expenses associated with sales.

Line 2220. Management expenses are also collected in the corresponding subaccount to account 90.

Line 2200. The financial result from the sale is reflected:

• if profit is calculated in line 2100: line 2100 - line 2210 - line 2220 (commercial and administrative expenses are subtracted from profit);
• if there is a loss on line 2100: line 2100 + line 2210 + line 2220 (expenses are added to the loss).

Lines 2310—2350. They reflect individual species income that is added to profit and expenses that are subtracted from it (if there is a loss in line 2100, the opposite is true). Information about these incomes and expenses is taken from accounting registers.

Line 2300. The financial result before tax is reflected:

• if there is profit in line 2200: line 2200 + line 2310 + line 2320 - line 2330 + line 2340 - line 2350;
• if there is a loss in line 2200: line 2200 - line 2310 - line 2320 + line 2330 - line 2340 + line 2350.

Line 2410. To be completed only by payers, that is, organizations using OSNO. The tax amount is indicated. In other cases, it is not filled in (a dash is placed).

Line 2430. Change in deferred tax liabilities: debit turnover - credit turnover on account 77 without taking into account credit turnover in correspondence with account 99.

Line 2450. Changing deferred tax assets: debit turnover - credit turnover on account 09 without taking into account credit turnover in correspondence with account 99.

Line 2460. The following expenses are reflected here:

• amounts of taxes on income when application of the simplified tax system or UTII;
• the difference between the credit and debit turnovers formed before the balance sheet reformation for all subaccounts to account 99, with the exception of subaccounts:
  • to account for profit or loss before tax;
  • for income tax accounting;
  • on accounting for tax recalculations for previous years;
  • on accounting for penalties and fines on taxes and contributions;
  • subaccounts 99.9 or 99.99.

The negative value of the line 2460 is placed in parentheses.

Stock 2400. The financial result for the period is reflected: line 2300 - line 2410 + / - line 2430 + / - line 2450 + / - line 2460.

Important! The line indicator 2400 must correspond to the amount of turnover on account 99 in correspondence with account 84.

Calculation of financial results, continued

The table with reference data is filled in if available. Transactions not included in profit (loss) are reflected here:

• on line 2510 - result from revaluation non-current assets;
• on line 2520 - the result of other operations;

By line 2500 the final financial result is indicated, which is calculated using the formula: line 2400 + 2510 + 2520.

On lines 2900 and 2910 Joint-stock companies provide information about profit or loss per share for reference.

Gains and losses report characterizes the results of the organization’s activities for the reporting period and shows how it received profits and losses (by comparing income and expenses).

The income statement, together with the balance sheet, is an important source of information for a comprehensive analysis of profitability.

The information presented in the report allows you to assess the change in the organization’s income and expenses in the reporting period compared to the previous one, analyze the composition, structure and dynamics of gross profit, sales profit, net profit, and also identify the factors shaping the final financial result. By summarizing the results of the analysis, it is possible to identify untapped opportunities to increase the organization’s profits and increase its level of profitability.

The information presented in the profit and loss statement allows all interested users to draw a conclusion about how effective the activities of a given organization are and how justified and profitable investments in its assets are.

In world practice, several options for constructing a profit and loss statement are used, the classification of which is summarized in Fig. 1. In this case, the following classification grounds can be distinguished:

• approach to cost classification:
• location of indicators;
• the method of obtaining financial results;
• method of disclosing the difference between income and expenses.

Rice. 1. Classification of income statement formats

Depending on the approach to cost classification Cost and cost formats are highlighted. IN international standards financial statements use different terminology.

IFRS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements provides two alternative options for classifying operating and other costs: by nature of costs(natural format) and by purpose (functional format).

In natural format (cost format) costs are classified as follows:

• materials;
• salary costs;
• depreciation deductions and etc.

An important difference between the cost and cost formats is the reflection in the natural format of changes in inventories of finished goods and work in progress.

Functional diagram of cost distribution involves grouping costs into classes according to their function, for example: cost of sales: selling expenses; administrative expenses, etc.

Companies using a functional expense classification scheme must disclose Additional information on the nature of expenses, including depreciation and labor costs.

In practice, most companies' income statements are a combination of natural and functional layouts.

1. By location of indicators It is possible to distinguish sequential, parallel and matrix forms of the income statement.

In parallel form expenses are recorded on the left, income on the right (or vice versa), and the financial result is reflected on the side where the excess is achieved.

In sequential form The entries are recorded from top to bottom: income, expenses (or vice versa), financial result.

In matrix (chess) form rows reflect expenses, columns - income (or vice versa).

2. By method of obtaining financial results distinguish between income statement formats compiled in one-step and multi-step methods.

With a multi-step method Interim financial results are calculated.

3. By the method of disclosing the difference between income and expenses Full and balanced formats of the income statement are distinguished. The choice of one of the formats depends on the priority of clarity or information content.

In full format All amounts of income and expenses are shown in full. In balanced format income is the difference between income and expenses.

The income statement can reflect either turnover (gross method) or balance (net method) of the resulting accounts.

The gross report provides more information and more fully reveals the structure of income and expenses. In this case, a more clear distinction is made between the report and the balance sheet: the report records the turnover, the balance sheet records the balance. The net report contains less information, but presents it in a more convenient form.

Profit and loss statement presented as part of reporting forms. approved by the order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation “On the forms of financial statements of organizations” dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n, compiled according to the cost format, in a multi-step method, using the gross method with a vertical arrangement of indicators. The basis for constructing a profit and loss statement in Russian Federation classification of income and expenses is established, established by the Regulations

in accounting 9/99 “Income of the organization” and 10/99 “Expenses of the organization”. For the purposes of accounting and disclosure in reporting, income is divided into income from ordinary activities and other income, and expenses, respectively, into expenses for common types

activities and other expenses. The organization makes this distinction independently based on the nature of its activities, the type of income and expenses and the conditions for receiving them. To normal activities, as a rule, refer to the type of activity specified in the charter and constituent documents In territorial statistics bodies, such types of organization activities are assigned a type code economic activity(OKVED).

In addition, ordinary activities may include income that is significant in total amount income and are of a regular nature.

In the profit and loss statement, income is divided into revenue and other income (clause 18 of PBU 9/99 “Income of the organization”). Other income and other expenses related to them may be reflected in the report in a collapsed manner, but subject to two conditions."

• they are not essential characteristics of the activity;
• such reflection is permitted by the accounting rules (clause 18.2 PBU 9/99 “Income of the organization” and clause 21.2 PBU 10/99 “Expenses of the organization”).

Expenses are subject to recognition in accounting, regardless of the intention to receive revenue, other and other income (clause 17 of PBU 10/99 “Expenses of the organization”).

In the profit and loss statement, expenses are divided into the cost of goods sold, products, works, services, commercial, administrative expenses and other expenses (clause 21 of PBU 10/99 “Organizational expenses”).

The list of other income is shown in Fig. 2, other expenses - in Fig. 3.

Rice. 2. Composition of other income of the organization

Rice. 3. Composition of other expenses of the organization

Income Statement Analysis

Gains and losses report(form No. 2) - one of the main forms. The profit and loss statement characterizes the financial results of the organization for the reporting period.

• the amount or losses from sales of products;
• operating income and expenses;
• income and expenses from other non-operating activities;
• enterprise costs for production;
• commercial and administrative expenses;
• amount of income tax;
• net profit.

The income statement is the most important source for the profitability of production and determining the amount of net profit.

The income statement must contain, at a minimum, the following: linear articles:

• revenue;
• financing costs;
• share of profits and losses of associated companies in joint activities accounted for using the participation method;
• profit or loss before tax;
• tax expenses;
• net profit or loss;
• results of emergency circumstances;
• minority interest gain or loss;
• profit or loss of the owners of the parent company.

Cost Analysis

Companies develop their profit and loss statements independently. The format of this report primarily depends on the selected cost analysis procedure. IFRS stipulates that expenses should be allocated to subclasses. The analysis can be carried out using one of two options - the method of the nature of expenses or the method of function of expenses.

Expense analysis by nature is usually used in small companies where there is no need to allocate operating expenses by function. This format contains the article “Changes in Inventory finished products and work in progress." It represents the difference between their estimated quantity at the beginning and end of the period. It is taken into account with a minus sign if the value of the balances decreases, and with a plus sign if the value of the balances increases. Analyzing expenses by function can provide more meaningful information, but is more subjective than the previous method. Let us give an example of the comparability of the two approaches.

The company can choose any analysis of expenses when preparing the income statement and the format of the report accordingly. IN

Income Statement Indicators

The main purpose of the Profit and Loss Statement (Form No. 2) is to characterize the indicators of the financial performance of the organization for the reporting period, such as:

• gross profit;
• profit (loss) from sales:
• profit (loss) before tax;
• net profit (loss) of the reporting period.

In table 1 shows the composition and characteristics of the profit and loss statement indicators.

The notes to the balance sheet and income statement disclose information relevant to the entity's accounting policies, providing users with additional information that is not appropriate to include in the balance sheet and income statement, but which they need to real assessment financial situation organization, financial results of its activities.