1 storey building with basement. Projects of houses with a basement garage

Find projects online one-story houses from ground floor extremely difficult, most often they have to be ordered. The basement, in other words, the basement, is a special room that no high-rise building can do without.

Another thing is a cottage or private house designed for one family. Of course, redundant square meters they won’t interfere with anyone, especially since in the basement our man, out of habit, stores everything that mother nature has given him on his six acres. Potatoes are dumped there, all kinds of pickles and jams, and indeed everything in a row.

Everything that does not fit in the house is dumped there. Maybe someday old holey galoshes will come in handy, from which you can do so much useful, it is not yet clear what and how much, but it is clear that there is a lot. It is clear that not a single developer in his right mind and with a solid memory will waste time and money on cottage with a basement, hoping to use it in this way.

Usually, setting out to build a house with a zero floor, a person thinks that on this very floor he will keep his car or, for example, make a workshop that he has always dreamed of and never got around to.

In general, in order to take on the task of creating a base, you need to clearly understand why it is needed. Just like that, not every potential homeowner is capable of making a basement floor under the house. To do this, you need, at a minimum, to have free money.

Just dig a hole

There are three types of basement floors: recessed, protruding and located at the level of the foundation. For the construction of a ground floor of a recessed type, the land on which it will be built must be dry. Work begins with digging a foundation pit, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich must be determined in advance.

The depth of the pit should in no case be lower than or at the level ground water. In general, the depth of the buried base should be about one meter above their level.

And it is different in each locality, and is determined by the level of water in the wells in the hot summer season. At the same time of the year, you need to start building the basement in a private house.

Arrangement of the drainage system

The most important element of the house in which this structure is present is the drainage system. The fate of not only the basement, but the whole house depends on how it will function. Since the floor is basement and is located below ground level, water will be present there by definition.

drainage system pretty easy to do. After the pit is dug, it is completely cleared of debris, its bottom is leveled and compacted. Somewhere in the corner of the pit, a hole is being dug. A metal barrel is inserted into it, the edges of which should be flush with the floor of the future basement.

In order to ensure the most even bottom of the pit, it is covered with a layer of fine sand, its thickness should be at least 15 centimeters and not more than 20. After that, the sand is leveled again and waterproofing material is laid on its surface.

A reinforcing mesh is laid on the waterproofing and poured with concrete. At the same time, there should not be any gaps between the edges of the drainage barrel and the floor, so that water does not subsequently flow into them. A drainage pump is installed in the barrel. The drainage system can be considered finished.

Mounting the plinth walls

Now, when water gets into the basement in any way, it will drain into the drainage tank and be pumped out by the pump. In order for the walls of the pit not to crumble, they are reinforced with formwork.

Then the walls of the basement are erected. Usually, they are made of bricks or building blocks. A sand-cement mixture is used as a binder solution.

After the basement walls are laid out, it remains to make the upper floor. One or more concrete slabs are used as such a floor. Their use for this purpose is preferable because they have high strength.

Ventilation

In order for the cellar to be suitable for storing food, reliable ventilation must be arranged in it, otherwise the basement will become the abode of mold, and storing food in it is out of the question. To prevent this from happening, ventilation in a buried basement should be arranged as follows.

On both sides of the cellar, opposite each other, two vertical pipes (supply and exhaust) are installed, they can be either metal or plastic. The task of the supply pipe is to draw air from outside into the basement, while the exhaust pipe is designed to draw air from the basement room.

The lower end of the supply pipe is located at a height of about twenty centimeters from the floor, while the exhaust pipe, the lower end of which is located at a distance of thirty centimeters from the ceiling, being on the opposite side, draws air from the room. A system consisting of these two pipes ensures constant air circulation in the basement.

In general, if the main purpose of your basement is to be a large refrigerator, then your basement can be considered almost ready. It remains only to make shelves so that all your jars of cucumbers and tomatoes, as well as buckets of sauerkraut, fit without problems.

Garage in the basement

Many projects of houses with a basement are created with the aim of placing a garage there. They are considered much more complex structures than a basement adapted for storage. First of all, it should be located at a depth of at least two meters, a width of at least four, and a length of at least six meters.

Of course, all these dimensions are taken from large stock, but, given that in the garage, besides the car, a lot of other things are stored, then this stock will not be so great.

Unlike a basement for food storage, a garage should be a heated space. Moreover, the temperature in it should not differ greatly from the temperature inside the house, because if such a large room as a garage is not heated properly, then, being directly under the living rooms, it will inevitably cool down the housing. In this case, heating costs will inevitably increase.

If only one light bulb without a ceiling and a lampshade is required to illuminate a food warehouse, then full-fledged lighting will be required in the garage.

If in order to get into the basement, with the food stored in it, it will be enough to use a ladder, then a strong ramp will be required to leave the garage.

Other premises

Even more serious costs will be required to adapt the basement floor to a full-fledged living space or, for example, to equip a bowling alley or a gym in it.

Looking at the photo of a house with a basement, it is easy to see that the illumination of the premises is quite intense, at least so much that it fully complies with sanitary standards.

The air temperature in it should not be lower than the temperature in the house. Since the base is located almost in the ground, maintaining a comfortable microclimate in it will cost a pretty penny. In general, the basement floor can be used for the needs of the family, both as a utility room and as the main one.

As you know, the abundance of design solutions in our time is both an advantage and a disadvantage, because sometimes it is very difficult to make a choice.

There are a few key considerations to keep in mind when considering the various options:

The area of your site.
The number of people in your family.
What are your building preferences?
Financial opportunities, since by choosing an unbearable project, you risk building a house for decades.

In recent decades, house designs with a garage and a basement have become very popular. This type of buildings came to us from the west, where it is very popular due to practicality and convenience. of this type buildings.

Technical nuances of design that you should know

If you are considering projects of houses with a garage in the basement as the most preferable, the following factors must be considered:

Soil type on the building plot and groundwater level. Unstable soil is not the best way for heavy construction, like too high level ground water. In wet soil, it is unjustified due to the very high costs of waterproofing structures.
The cost of building a foundation is much higher than the classic solution with a strip foundation. Indeed, in order for the structure to be reliable and practical, a combination of the following factors is necessary: waterproofing, ventilation and rational insulation.

Advice! Determining the type of soil on your own is quite difficult, it is better to seek help from qualified specialists.

You need to know some building codes. A house under construction for individual residential development may have two floors and an attic.

At the same time, if the top floor of your floor basement is 2 or more meters above the soil level, it is considered a full-fledged floor. It doesn't matter what the height of the room is.

But, if the ceiling is below 2 meters, you can build 2 more floors and an attic above it. Many people miss this important nuance and face many problems after construction.

In the photo - a plinth is a structure, the upper floor of which is located at a level lower than 2 meters

The SNiP states that “The basement floor is a floor in which the floor mark is below the planned ground level by no more than half the height of the room. The basement floor is also considered to be the floor, the upper floor of which is located at a height of no more than 2 meters from the ground level.

If more than half the height of the room is below the soil level, then the floor is considered underground.

It is worth noting that such a structure is best suited for sites with a slope, and the steeper the slope, the easier it is to arrange a basement.

Pros and cons of the attic floor

Naturally, this type of structure has a number of differences, which are due to the design features. Only knowing all the details, you can make the right decision.

Advantages

The most indisputable advantage is that another, almost full-fledged floor appears in your house, while the total height of the buildings practically does not change. In such levels it is very convenient to locate boiler rooms, switchboards, storerooms and other technical premises. Also very often located here: a garage, a sauna, a gym and even a winter garden.
The difference in soil level in the area over 50 cm makes this design justified and rational, since the cost of strip foundation increase significantly.
The project of a house with a garage in the basement saves a significant part of your site, this is especially important in small areas.
The monolithic base of the plinth, located below the freezing point, is an extremely reliable and stable construction.
The floor on the first floor of the house does not have contact with the ground, so it will always be warm and comfortable for walking.

disadvantages

The complexity of the process - it is necessary to dig a pit for the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe house.
The need for a high-quality ventilation system, especially if there is a garage in the basement.
Waterproofing of the structure must be carried out very high quality. The price of these works is high, and it is difficult to do it yourself.

Project examples

The most common projects are one-story houses with a basement and a garage - they are well suited for small plots.

As can be seen from the plan, in the basement there is a garage (7), two storerooms (6), a workshop (8) and a bathroom (9). The house itself has four bedrooms (2), a living room (1), a spacious kitchen (3) with a dining room (4) and another bathroom.

Advice! You should not choose too spacious buildings if the family is small. Remember that the house needs to be cleaned and heated, and three bedrooms for guests is not the most reasonable option.

Another example is a cottage project with a garage and a basement. The peculiarity of this plan is, and all the bedrooms are located in the attic. Of course, you can adapt the premises for any purpose, this is not an instruction, but a guide to action.

Another interesting option is a small, but very small one, in which a garage, a sauna, a boiler room and even a greenhouse fit in. On the ground floor there is an entrance hall, an interestingly shaped kitchen and a spacious living room, in addition, a cozy terrace is located on the back side. In the attic floor there is an office and a bedroom, if desired, it can be two bedrooms.

In fact, there are thousands of such projects, our examples are designed to show how diverse they can be.

Conclusion

If you have reliable soil and low groundwater levels, you should pay attention to such projects. Watch the video in this article and see the rationality of this type of layout.

Ready-made project of a one-story brick house with basement.

Great spacious house with elegant appearance achieved through the use of high quality finishing material with high aesthetic properties. Clinker red brick with a white seam is gaining particular popularity among new private developers. Undoubtedly, this type of decoration one-story house with a basement is not economical compared to sand-lime brick cladding, plaster or siding, but has excellent aesthetic properties. Facade does not require current repair in the further process of operating the house and, for sure, will become the hallmark of your private estate.

The device of the basement (basement) floor is due to the difference in elevation marks along land plot, and is also a special architectural and planning solution included in the project. In the basement of the house there is an economic block: a large gym, comfortable storage rooms and a sanitary unit. There are window openings in the basement to allow natural light to penetrate.

If desired, additional changes can be made to the project of a house with a basement floor in terms of the size of the basement rooms, the planning structure and the color scheme.

The total area of the house is 290 sq.m.

The cost of the finished project of the house is 7500 rubles.

The basement floor is the floor below the level of the dwelling. Typically, such premises are used for technical needs. The main difference between the basement and the basement is the height of the walls of the basement and should be at least 180 cm. According to the documents, the basement is considered above-ground, and the house will be considered two-story.

Advantages and disadvantages of building a house with a basement

The benefits include:

additional square meters: the area of \u200b\u200bthe basement floor can significantly exceed the area of \u200b\u200bthe first floor, so that the house will have much more space;
a garage can be placed in the basement, which will avoid the construction of additional buildings on the site;
in the basement there can be rooms that do not fit into the general style of the house: you can organize a workshop, a boiler room, a game room, a gym;
thanks to an additional underground room, it will be possible to save on the insulation of the floor of the first floor, this role will be played by the lower floor.

The disadvantages may be as follows:

difficulties with land works: a sufficiently large pit is needed for the basement floor, special equipment will be needed to remove the earth and lay the floor slabs - you can’t do it with your own hands. All this will lead to an increase in the cost of construction work;
if the construction technology is violated, during high water or heavy rains, the room may be flooded, and all things in it will be damaged.
the ground floor belongs to usable area, and will be taxed as a dwelling, although it is not recommended to use it for housing;
most of the room is underground, so you don’t have to rely on natural light, you need to carefully consider the location of electric lamps;
to avoid dampness in the basement, you will have to spend a lot on waterproofing.

Design features

Most often, the building is designed from top to bottom: the most significant is the residential part of the building, and the project of the basement is adjusted to it. The plan of the walls of the basement must match the plan of the walls of the first floor, since the structure will be the carrier.

A few tips:

It is better not to arrange a boiler room or gas furnace in the basement to avoid a house fire.
If the exit from the garage to the basement will be through the vestibule, you should not store flammable materials in the garage.
When building a garage in the basement, it is important to install a mechanical ventilation hood to rid the room of machine odors.

It is far from always that construction is carried out on perfectly flat land; projects for sites with slopes are somewhat different from the usual ones.

In the process of building on a slope, the following nuances should be considered:

it is possible that the finished standard project will have to be finalized taking into account the specifics of the area for construction. Here you will need expert advice;
please note that due to uneven ground, problems may arise with the use of special equipment;
it is extremely important to make correct calculations: take into account the composition of the soil, weather conditions, elevation difference;
the foundation on the slopes needs especially high-quality waterproofing: moisture flowing down the slope can have a destructive effect.

Design features

By design, the foundation of the basement floor differs little from houses, the design of which does not take into account the presence of semi-basement or basement premises. When laying, its sole is located a few centimeters below the floor mark.

The basement is an important part of the foundation. As a rule, construction is carried out using monolithic reinforced concrete slabs, which make the foundation hardy and stable. In the event that the foundation and walls are built from prefabricated concrete blocks and there are problems with the soil, they must be installed on reinforced concrete pads.

If the soil is dry, for the construction of walls it is necessary to take lightweight blocks. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the need for natural ventilation - there should be sufficient ventilation holes in the basement to help rid the lower floor of mold and dampness.

House layout

The convenience of the house largely depends on its layout and location on the site. The most familiar option is a rectangular house without protruding architectural elements.

One of the important factors is the position relative to the cardinal points. On the north side, it is better to leave a blank wall, and the windows should face the southwest and southeast sides. This will provide the room with enough light and keep warm in winter.

It is better to plan the interior arrangement “for the future”: sooner or later the family may become larger, and additional rooms will be needed.

How to choose a project

Choosing a project is the very first step towards your dream home. Before you settle on any one option, you need to consider many factors. Remember that it is impossible to significantly change the project during the construction process.

First of all, it is worth deciding on the number of necessary premises. How many bedrooms are needed? Do you need a workspace? Will you need a separate dining room, or a large enough spacious kitchen? During planning, it is worth considering the arrangement of the basement: a dressing room, storage room or workshop can be moved from the living area to the basement.

Think about the layout of the house: how many exits should there be? Where will they be? Which rooms should be adjacent, and which should be located as far apart as possible? If this causes any difficulties, you can find ready-made ones on the Internet. standard projects and choose the ones that look like your dream home.

Ready projects for free

Demand for ready-made standard projects remains stably high. Individual project, of course, will be developed taking into account all your desires, but this will take time and additional funds.

Many construction companies ready to provide a variety of finished projects, taking into account different features plots. In some cases, revision may be required, but in any case it will be cheaper than a project from scratch.

Project of a one-story house with a basement

Stages of building a house with a basement

Check out our guide to .
You need to start with an assessment of the quality of the soil: the cut of the earth is examined after preparing a trench of sufficient depth. Sandy light soil without large parts of clay is ideal.

A pit breaks out under the house, after which you can proceed to the arrangement of the base - a thick screed. The thickness of the structure depends on the total weight of the building. The standard thickness of the base is 10 cm, but again it is necessary to take into account the quality of the soil: if the soil is poorly compressible, “pillows” must be placed under the walls of the basement. After determining the thickness, you can start pouring the screed.

Advice: pouring the basement takes place with a continuous supply of concrete, it is necessary to use concrete with hydroshrinkage, without a porous structure.

The perimeter of the house is laid foundation blocks(more about), and it is important to ensure that they fit snugly together. Also make sure that there are holes for pipes, windows and wiring. The blocks are bonded with cement mortar.

After communications (water, gas, electricity) are brought to the house, only the installation of doors and windows remains. The last step is the exterior and interior decoration.

A few tips:

Building on a site with a flat relief will cost less than on a site with slopes. Keep this in mind when choosing a plot of land.
A high basement will give the building scale, a house with a deep basement will look squat.
It is better to start the construction of the basement from the corners of the foundation. Corners and walls should be even so as not to spoil the aesthetic appearance of the house.
The sinking base is good for its reliability: its design will protect the foundation layer from mechanical and atmospheric influences.
The protruding plinth is perfect for houses with thin (wooden or frame) structures. To protect the foundation, a protruding "belt" can be built on top of the plinth.
A basement on the same level as the walls of the house is not the best option: the waterproofing layer will suffer from moisture, which is an undesirable nuance during the construction of the house.

The progress of the construction of the basement floor of a residential building according to the project 48-28CGL

Pros and cons of the basement floor in a private house

When developing the design and layout of a private house, the basement is often included in the project. The zero room is in sufficient demand, but whether it is worth doing can be understood by weighing all the advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages:

Additional usable space. Since, according to the law, it is not possible to build a private house above 2 floors, the basement floor can significantly increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe building.
Versatility. The basement room can be used as a storage room, cellar, billiard room, pool, gym, car parking, etc. Often, a full-fledged living room is equipped at the zero level.
Kudos. The ground floor is the real pride of the owners. That is why it is often equipped in elite private buildings, cottages.

Disadvantages:

The high price of the issue. The estimate for the construction of a house with a basement increases by about 20 percent or more.
The need to find a proven construction team. The hired labor force must thoroughly understand the organization of basements. Any shortcomings can lead to negative consequences and additional expenses.
Constant dampness and low air temperature. It is quite easy to get rid of this drawback by installing a high-quality heating system and waterproofing on the basement floor.
Lack of natural light leads to additional expenses for the installation of various lighting fixtures, and, accordingly, the cost of electricity. Based on positive and negative sides basement floor, we can conclude that this room will be far from superfluous in the project of the house, but only if you are ready to incur significant costs.