ASF map on the territory of the Russian Federation. Fight against ASF on the territory of the Russian Federation

The total losses of Russian farmers from African swine fever in nine years could reach 75 billion rubles, the Rosselkhoznadzor calculated. In 2017, the disease was registered in ten regions of Russia and may spread further

Sergei Dankvert (Photo: Kirill Kallinikov / RIA Novosti)

Plague Threat

African swine fever (ASF) in the nine years during which this disease has been spreading has brought multibillion-dollar losses to the Russian agro-industrial complex. Direct losses over this period are estimated at 5 billion rubles, indirect - at least ten times more. This was announced on June 14 during the government hour in the Federation Council by the head of Rosselkhoznadzor Sergey Dankvert.

At the end of March 2017, the Minister Agriculture Alexander Tkachev direct damage from the epizootic - 5 billion rubles. For the first time, the authorities provided data on indirect losses from ASF.

“Direct losses from African swine fever [amounted to] 5 billion rubles, indirect losses can be calculated in different ways, but from 50 to 70 [billion rubles] from downtime of enterprises,” the head of Rosselkhoznadzor said on Wednesday. Thus, the total losses amounted to 75 billion rubles.

According to the National Meat Association (NMA), in value terms, the volume Russian market pork for slaughter over the past couple of years has remained almost unchanged - about 300 billion rubles. in year. According to the calculations of the consulting company IndexBox based on Rosstat data, the volume of pork production in Russia in 2016 amounted to 300.9 billion rubles. compared to 290.1 ​​billion rubles. a year earlier.

Since the first cases of ASF were registered in Russia in 2007, the total loss of livestock has amounted to 800,000 pigs, Dankvert said. In total, more than 1.1 thousand outbreaks of ASF have been registered in 46 regions of Russia since then.

Most dangerous situation in the Central and Volga Federal Districts, where more than 60% of the pig population is concentrated. According to the Rosselkhoznadzor, since the beginning of 2017, the disease has been registered on the territory of ten constituent entities of the Russian Federation: the Republic of Crimea, Rostov, Vladimir, Saratov, Ivanovo, Oryol, Samara, Moscow, Irkutsk and Volgograd regions. By the end of the year, ASF may spread to neighboring regions - the republics of Mordovia, Udmurtia, Mari El and Bashkortostan, as well as affect the Ulyanovsk, Kostroma and Kirov regions.

“However, it should be borne in mind that the result of uncontrolled movements of pigs and products may be the introduction of the pathogen into any region of the country. Thus, as before, no territory is protected from the disease. Russian Federation' Dankvert warned.

What is ASF

ASF is a viral disease of pigs that has been registered in Russia since 2007, but so far specific means of its prevention have not been developed. In the case of animal disease, mortality can reach 100%. At a livestock complex or in a personal subsidiary plot where an outbreak of ASF is recorded, quarantine is introduced, the entire population of pigs is subject to destruction.

"Free listeners"

The risks of further spread of ASF are still high, confirms Sergey Yushin, head of the executive committee of the NMA. “All investors and manufacturers understand this. ASF knows no borders, as evidenced by the detection of infected objects in the territory from Murmansk to Irkutsk,” he states. The expert agrees with Rosselkhoznadzor's assessments of producers' losses. “We can talk about a corridor of 40-70 billion rubles. depending on the approaches in the calculations, ”Yushin notes. He explains that it is difficult to calculate the effect of the downtime of enterprises and the implementation of anti-epizootic measures. Additional security costs for large complexes can range from $500,000 to $1 million.

According to the Rosselkhoznadzor, more than 80% of the pig population in disadvantaged regions is kept in industrial pig farms. At the same time, in about 90% of cases, ASF is first registered in personal subsidiary farms, and only then transferred to large enterprises. According to Dankvert, this is due to the fact that currently in Russia there are no rules for keeping farm animals in small farms, livestock is recorded only on a voluntary basis, and the obligations of citizens in the event of a threat of a disease are not defined.

“As long as the owners of small farms live like free listeners, without veterinary control, reporting, prohibitions and punishments, the threat to the entire pig industry of the Russian Federation will be great,” agrees Lyubov Burdienko, commercial director of the Imit information and analytical agency.

On approval of the action plan to prevent the introduction of African swine fever into the territory of the Russian Federation and its spread in the territory of the Russian Federation

GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

ORDER

[On approval of the action plan to prevent the introduction of African swine fever into the territory of the Russian Federation and its spread in the territory of the Russian Federation]

Document as amended by:
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 3, 2018 N 357-r.
____________________________________________________________________

1. Approve the attached action plan to prevent the introduction of African swine fever into the territory of the Russian Federation and its spread in the territory of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the plan).

2. The federal executive authorities responsible for the plan shall submit to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia once every six months, before the 5th day of the month following the reporting period, information on the progress of the plan.

3. The Ministry of Agriculture of Russia shall exercise control over the implementation of the plan and once every six months, before the 15th day of the month following the reporting period, submit to the Government of the Russian Federation a report on the progress of the plan.

Prime Minister
Russian Federation
D.Medvedev

Action plan to prevent the introduction of African swine fever into the territory of the Russian Federation and its spread in the territory of the Russian Federation

APPROVED
government order
Russian Federation
dated September 30, 2016 N 2048-r

Revision of the document, taking into account
changes and additions prepared
JSC "Kodeks"

On approval of the action plan to prevent the introduction of African swine fever into the territory of the Russian Federation and its spread in the territory of the Russian Federation (as amended as of March 3, 2018)

The Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance reports the spread of African swine fever (ASF) in the Russian Federation. In July 2017, the disease was registered on the territory of the previously prosperous Omsk region in a personal subsidiary plot. The spread of ASF continues in the Moscow, Vladimir, Volgograd and Saratov regions, as well as on the territory of the Republic of Crimea. According to the results of studies of pathological material taken from domestic pigs of the above areas in the period from July 12-14, 2017, the ASF virus genome was identified. In the Republic of Crimea, the genome of the ASF virus was detected in the pathological material taken from the corpse of a wild boar near the village of Lavanda in the city of Alushta.

The analysis shows that the weakest link in the spread of ASF is mainly personal subsidiary plots and peasant farms. We all need to understand that for the sake of momentary gain, people go to any lengths, pigs are smuggled in and pig products and feed are imported from areas affected by ASF. A confirmation and example of this is the outbreak of ASF in the Arkhangelsk region at the end of 2016, when a negligent entrepreneur illegally imported 90 heads of pigs from the disadvantaged Voronezh region.

The result of underestimation of the seriousness of the consequences of the introduction of this disease in the Russian Federation was the extermination of thousands of animals in farms and farmsteads. An analysis of the epizootic situation for 2016, conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, showed that on the territory of 26 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 215 unfavorable points for African swine fever among domestic pigs (239 foci) were registered, 8339 pigs fell ill, 6638 died, 216 were destroyed, 3 thousand heads, among wild boars - in 17 subjects of the Russian Federation, 526 heads fell ill; in 19 subjects, 51 infected objects were detected among pigs and 65 infected objects among wild boars. The agency also noted that in 2016, compared to 2015, the number of unfavorable points (foci) and ASF cases in domestic pigs increased. The number of diseased pigs increased from 307 to 8339 heads. The number of infected objects increased by 37.7%.

Given the threat of the introduction of the African swine fever pathogen into the territory under the jurisdiction of the Rosselkhoznadzor Administration, we draw attention to legal entities and individual entrepreneurs, Heads of Peasant farms, owners of personal subsidiary farms engaged in keeping and breeding domestic pigs, as well as legal entities and individual entrepreneurs using hunting resources, and hunters on the need for unconditional implementation of preventive measures to prevent the emergence and spread of ASF.

Infection of healthy individuals occurs upon contact with sick individuals: through feed (especially food waste), water, vehicles contaminated with secretions of sick animals, through the corpses of dead pigs, domestic and wild animals, birds, rodents and insects also carry the disease.

Do not allow unauthorized persons to visit personal subsidiary plots;

Treat pigs and the premises for their keeping from blood-sucking insects (ticks, lice, fleas), constantly fight rodents;

Subject to mandatory heat treatment of food waste and feed before feeding;

Do not import pigs without the consent of the State Veterinary Service of the subject from other territories;

Immediately report all cases of disease in pigs to specialists of the state veterinary service;

When dead bodies of wild pigs are found, it is necessary to immediately notify the local executive and administrative body or employees of the district veterinary station;

Employees of pig-breeding organizations involved in hunting should, if possible, limit themselves to hunting wild boar in order to avoid the possible introduction of the ASF virus into the territory of swine-breeding organizations.

It should also be remembered that there is no vaccine against the ASF virus, treatment is prohibited, as it only leads to the spread of this disease.

The ASF pathogen entered the territory of the Russian Federation in 2007. The first manifestation of swine fever was registered on the border with Georgia. The first ASF infection in the Russian Federation occurred in November 2007 among wild boars living in the Shatoi region of the Chechen Republic. Already by the beginning of 2008, a natural focus of the epidemic had formed in the region, from where the virus got to wild boars living in the territories of Ingushetia and North Ossetia, which are also part of the Russian Federation. After such a wide distribution of ASF in wild animals, there was a transition of the pathogen to domestic pigs.

In the second half of 2008, more than 40 dangerous zones were recorded on the territory of the country. The spread of the virus among wild boars was detected in four regions of the South federal district.

The following year, 2009, the disease continued to spread among wild and domestic animals in the Southern Federal District. It was recorded about 40 subjects unfavorable for ASF. The virus has already been registered in seven subjects of the Russian Federation: on the territory of the Southern and North Caucasian federal districts.

In 2010, 60 unfavorable facilities for ASF and 10 infected zones were recorded in 9 subjects of the Russian Federation. The disease was most widespread in the Rostov region, where 25 unfavorable objects and one infected zone were registered.

Under laboratory conditions, 13 cases of African swine fever have been confirmed in dead wild animals in four subjects of the Southern Federal District, as well as in Dagestan. Accordingly, for three years, from 2008 to 2010, according to WHO, ASF received the status of endemic (local, typical) for the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasus Federal District.

In 2011, 42 unfavorable sites and 11 ASF infected zones were recorded in 14 subjects of the Russian Federation. Cases from African swine fever among wild animals have been registered in six regions of the Russian Federation.

The study of ASF zones and the spread of African swine fever in Russia in the period from 2008 to 2010 showed that there is some cyclical outbreaks of the disease. Autumn-summer seasonality is recognized as a period of increased risk of spread. The sudden aggravation of the situation in each year accounted for the 3rd quarter. However, in 2011 there was a change in dynamics, and the situation with ASF in Russia worsened. And if over the past three-year period only 2 cases of the virus leaving the unfavorable zone were recorded, then in 2011 there were already nine such cases.

ASF distribution zones in 2011:

• Southern federal district: Krasnodar Territory (17 unfavorable points), Rostov Region (3 unfavorable points), Volgograd Region (1 unfavorable point);
• North Caucasian Federal District: Stavropol region(3 unfavorable points);
• Northwestern Federal District: Leningrad region (1 unfavorable point), Murmansk region (1 unfavorable point), Arkhangelsk region (2 unfavorable point);
• Central Federal District: Tver region (6 unfavorable areas), Kursk region (2 unfavorable points), Voronezh region (1 unfavorable point);
• Privolzhsky Federal District: Nizhny Novgorod region (2 unfavorable points), Saratov region (2 unfavorable points), Orenburg region (1 unfavorable point);
• Republics: Adygea, Karachay-Cherkessia.

African swine fever - map

During the elimination of foci of African swine fever in disadvantaged subjects of the Russian Federation in 2008-2011, more than 218,000 pigs were destroyed. And today, experts are most concerned about the Tver region, where in 2011 there were 6 outbreaks of ASF in the territories of farms and two infected points
(burial and dumping of the corpses of infected pigs). Wild boars were also infected: four cases of infection and death of animals were recorded in the Bologovsky and Vyshnevolotsky districts of the Tver region.

Distribution of ASF in 2012

In the first half of 2012, the case of wild boars was recorded in hunting farms in the Torzhoksky district of the Tver region.

By April 1, on the territory of four constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 7 unfavorable zones for African swine fever among domestic animals were recorded, 575 pigs were infected, and about 39,000 pigs were destroyed. African swine fever was found among domestic animals in the Krasnodar Territory (3 objects), Volgograd Region (2 objects), Karelia (1 object) and Kalmykia (1 object). In the Krasnodar Territory, Tver and Volgograd regions, a case was also noted among wild boars.

African swine fever in the Voronezh region 2013

According to the Rosselkhoznadzor of the Voronezh region, in the Voronezh regional veterinary laboratory, when testing samples of pathological material that was collected from animals that died in two private households of citizens in the village of Krasnogorovka, the genetic material of the African swine fever virus was determined. Thus, the outbreak of ASF in the Voronezh region occurred in the Bogucharsky district. To confirm the diagnosis, the samples were sent to the federal laboratory in Pokrov. And the Voronezh region was taken under the strict control of the Rosselkhoznadzor to carry out measures to localize and prevent the subsequent spread of the virus. Earlier, an outbreak of ASF in the Voronezh region was also registered in 2011. Also in 2013, swine fever was detected in the Kursk region and Belgorod. Regarding the Voronezh region, in addition to Boguchar, African swine fever was recorded in the Upper Mamon region, the Petropavlovsk region, and the Kopyl region.

Swine fever in Bogucharsky district - video

Assessment of the situation

On the territory of the Russian Federation, a stationary problem with the ASF virus has formed, which has become a factor that has a sharply negative effect on the state of pig breeding. And the forecast for the subsequent spread of African swine fever in the European part of Russia, unfortunately, is unfavorable. New foci of the disease can occur in any region of the Russian Federation.

www.site /home/Afrikanskaya_chuma_sviney_pamyatka_naseleniyu/Borba_s_ACHS_na_territorii_Rossiyskoy_Federatsii/

The fight against ASF in the territory of the Russian Federation

from 22.02.2011. - download (468.04kb)

Plan of measures to prevent the spread and eradication of the African swine fever (ASF) virus in the territory of the Russian Federation from 25.10.2012. - download (468.04kb)

Plan of meetings of the Commission of the Government of the Russian Federation for the Prevention of the Spread and Elimination of the African Swine Fever (ASF) Virus on the Territory of the Russian Federation (Operational Headquarters) for September-December 2013. from 18.09.2013. - download (2,21Mb)

Action plan to prevent entry into the territory Russian Federation African swine fever (ASF) and its spread in the Russian Federationdated 30.09.2016. - download (4.04Mb)

Plan of organizational and special measures to monitor, regulate the number and reduce the migratory activity of wild boars on the territory of the Russian Federation, including specially protected natural areas of regional and federal significance dated 11/15/2016. - download (2,32Mb)

On the work of the Interdepartmental Commission for the Prevention of the Spread

African swine fever in the Russian Federation

AFRICAN SWINE FEVER African swine fever ( pestis africana suum , ASF) - an infectious disease only of domestic and wild pigs, caused by a virus that, regardless of the method of distribution, affects 100% of animals of all ages, has a high mortality rate. It belongs to the group of especially dangerous diseases.

History reference. The disease was first registered at the beginning of the 20th century. in East Africa. The viral nature was proved by the English researcher R. Montgomery (1921). was introduced to Europe in 1971 and 1978. appeared on the American continent.

In the countries of Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, the disease is stationary. This is due to the involvement of wild virus-carrying pigs and argas ticks in disadvantaged areas in the epizootic process. In 1986 - 1988 ASF has been reported in Spain, Portugal and Italy. Individual outbreaks have been reported in Belgium and the Netherlands. In Africa, the largest number of outbreaks was observed in Angola, Cameroon, and isolated cases - in Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zaire, Tanzania, and South Africa.

Sustainability. The virus is resistant to physical and chemical factors. At a temperature of 5 ° C - up to 7 years, 18 ° C - up to 18 months, 37 ° C - 30 days, 50 ° C - 60 minutes, 60 ° C - 10 minutes, at sub-zero temperatures - several years. Ether destroys the virus within 15 minutes, 3% toluene - 24 days. Formalin, phenolic and chlorine-containing drugs quickly destroy the virus. The pathogen persists in the corpses of pigs for up to 10 weeks in meat from sick animals - 155 days, in smoked ham - up to 5 months, in the manure of pigsties - up to 3 months.

epidemiological data. Domestic and wild pigs are susceptible to the disease, regardless of age and breed. The disease can occur at any time of the year. However, all cases of primary epizootic foci of African swine fever in previously prosperous countries of Europe and America were observed in the winter-spring period.

The source of the exciter. The source of the pathogen are sick and recovered pigs. Virus carrying in individual animals lasts up to 2 years (or more). In Africa, wild pigs (warthogs and bush pigs) are asymptomatic, and they are the main reservoirs of the virus in areas of stationary trouble. From the body of infected animals, the virus is excreted with blood during nosebleeds, feces, urine, secretions of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity, and saliva. Animals become infected mainly by eating feed contaminated with the virus. Infection is also possible through the respiratory route, through damaged skin and through the bites of infected argas ticks of the ornithodoros genus - carriers and reservoirs of the ASF virus, in whose bodies this virus persists for many years.

The virus is spread by infected animal carriers, including those in the incubation period, as well as through various infected objects. The products of slaughter of infected pigs (meat, meat products, lard, blood, bones, skins, etc.) are of particular danger. African swine fever. Healthy animals become infected when they are kept together with sick and virus carriers, as well as when they are in infected rooms and in vehicles. Mechanically, the virus can be spread by people, various types of domestic animals, insects, rodents that were in the epizootic focus or in the infected territory of objects (slaughterhouses, warehouses, etc.)

African swine fever manifests itself as an epizootic and is characterized by high rates of morbidity, mortality and mortality (up to 98 - 100%), especially in the primary foci of the disease.

Course and symptoms. By external manifestations, the African plague is difficult to distinguish from the classical plague. The duration of the incubation period, the form, and the severity of the course of the disease depend on the virulence of the strain, the dose of the virus, and the method of infection. Incubation period equal to 2-7 days, sometimes up to 15 days and rarely longer. The disease proceeds superacutely, acutely, subacutely, chronically, and in enzootic zones and asymptomatically.

Superacute current rarely noted. At the same time, in diseased animals, the body temperature rises to 40.5 - 42 ° C, there is a breakdown and a depressed state. Animals rise with difficulty, severe shortness of breath is expressed and in 1-3 days they die.

Acute course - the most characteristic of the disease, lasts up to 7 days and, as a rule, ends in death. The disease begins with an increase in body temperature to 40.5 - 42 ° C, which is maintained at this level until the penultimate day of the animal's life. Simultaneously with the rise in temperature or after 1-2 days, oppression, stagnation and reluctant eating of food are noted. Then there is unsteadiness when moving, signs of pneumonia - breathing becomes short, intermittent, superficial, sometimes accompanied by a cough. During this period, there is a strong hyperemia of the conjunctiva and visible mucous membranes, the blue of the skin is pronounced in various areas with multiple hemorrhages. This is especially pronounced in the abdomen, submandibular space, groin. Sometimes noted indigestion: constipation or diarrhea mixed with blood. Pregnant sows are aborted. Some animals show symptoms of nervous disorders (convulsions, paralysis and coma) and epistaxis.

Subacute course characterized by the same symptoms as acute, and lasts up to 20 days. In sick animals, the body temperature in the first week is kept within 40.5 - 42 C, then decreases to 40 - 40.5 C. Most of the animals die, and some become chronic. At the same time, gradual emaciation is noted with preserved appetite, growth retardation, signs of bronchopneumonia, arthritis, ear necrosis up to their falling off, skin necrosis on the lower limbs, back, and head. Patients die in a state of extreme exhaustion.

pathological changes. Regardless of the ways the virus enters the body, severe septic phenomena develop, manifested by hemorrhagic diathesis, inflammatory, dystrophic and necrotic changes in various organs.

In the acute course of the disease, the skin of the auricles, abdomen and inner thighs is dark red with a bluish tint with diffuse hemorrhages. The blood vessels are dilated. Sometimes hematomas, especially in the groin and retrosternal region. In the muscles, hemorrhages and hematomas are not uncommon. On the serous membranes diffuse hemorrhages from small to bruises. Hemorrhagic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The walls of the gallbladder are strongly thickened due to edema and dilation of blood vessels. Almost always, pulmonary edema, serous-hemorrhagic pneumonia with a sharp gelatinous edema of the interlobular connective tissue and parenchyma are noted. Kidneys with numerous hemorrhages. Diffuse hemorrhages are observed in the renal pelvis. Lymph nodes, especially gastric, hepatic, renal and mesenteric, are enlarged and completely saturated with hemorrhages, resembling a clot of coagulated blood or hematoma. The spleen is greatly enlarged, its edges are rounded, easily torn when pressed. In subacute and chronic course of the disease, these changes are less pronounced and more often resemble lesions in classical swine fever.

Histological examination reveals intense damage to the walls of blood vessels and destroyed cells of the reticuloendothelial system.

Diagnosis. African swine fever is established on the basis of epizootological indicators, clinical symptoms, pathomorphological changes and laboratory tests. Epizootological diagnostics takes into account trade and economic ties with countries unfavorable for plague, the rapid development of epizootics with high lethality, and especially the development of epizootics among animals vaccinated against classical plague. Of the clinical symptoms, one should take into account a high constant fever for 3-6 days, depression, hemodynamic disturbances, blue skin, ears, abdomen, symptoms of pulmonary edema, diarrhea sometimes with blood, bloody discharge from the oral and nasal cavities. The disease ends lethally within 2 to 6 days. Clinical signs are not characteristic and are very similar to those of classical plague. From pathomorphological changes, it is necessary to single out an increase in the spleen by 1.5-2 times, serous-hemorrhagic pneumonia with gelatinous swelling of the interlobular connective tissue, plethora of the kidneys with multiple hemorrhages, hemorrhagic infiltration of the portal, mesenteric, renal and other lymph nodes, accumulation a large number serous-hemorrhagic infiltrate in the thoracic, abdominal and pericardial regions and gallbladder edema. The presence of three or more signs in several animals gives rise to the suspicion of African swine fever.

differential diagnosis. Classical plague, Aujeszky's disease, pasteurellosis and erysipelas are excluded. It is most difficult to distinguish the first two diseases, since their clinical manifestation is very similar.

Treatment has not been developed.

Immunity. There is no consensus on the mechanism of immunity. However, there are numerous observations on the resistance of recovered or vaccinated animals with weakened strains to an identical virulent virus. Animals that have been ill are carriers of the virus. Means of specific prevention of ASF have not been developed.

© 2009 Management Federal Service for veterinary and phytosanitary supervision in the city of Moscow and the Moscow and Tula regions