The market regulates relations in the field. Legal and regulatory framework for regulating trading activities

To many children, to improve the quality of public education and health care).

The energy company must closely follow the technical innovations in the investment complex and monitor the situation on the market for the corresponding services. The development of market competition mechanisms in this area is of great importance. The selection of suppliers of equipment, design and other services at all stages of the investment cycle should be made by energy companies exclusively on a competitive basis. In the period of transition to developed market relations, an active participation should be taken in this process. government bodies regulation of the electric power industry, especially at the regional level.

The location of a small firm is directly related to the market parameters. If the firm operates in the service sector, then it is better to locate it so that the prospective clientele has the most easy access. If this is an industrial enterprise, then it is necessary to take into account the distance to sources of raw materials and places of sale, the provision of utilities, the availability of labor, etc. For many retailers, the right location essentially means the success or failure of the entire business. The entrepreneur is interested in the following questions

Summarizing the above about the most important levers of product quality regulation - certification and standardization, I would like to note that the objective basis for strengthening public administration in this area was the need to protect a person, his property and living environment from the negative consequences associated with the formation of market relations in Russia. Meanwhile, in the middle of the last century, the world entered a period when qualitative parameters in many spheres of life were replaced by quantitative ones. Many countries that occupy today leading positions in the world economy have neither vast territories nor rich natural resources. Their main marketing weapon for gaining leadership is a high technical level and quality of goods (works, services).

A common drawback in the development of market relations in housing and communal services is the lack of a mechanism to regulate the mutual obligations of the parties and the coordination of these obligations. The mechanism for the application of economic sanctions for violation of the terms of the contract, as well as the tools for regulating relations in the housing and communal sector in the system of local government - customer - producer - consumer of services, has not been worked out.

It is necessary to pay due attention to the modernization of the market of households engaged in the agricultural sector, to promote the strengthening of cooperatives, to create a service sector for agriculture, to increase the flow of investment and to help the development of agriculture, to accelerate scientific and technological progress and to promote the formation of agricultural infrastructure, to improve the system of financial services, implement agricultural tax reform, reduce the tax burden of rural producers. To actively pursue the policy of developing the western regions, systematic regional development. It is necessary to create a favorable investment climate in backward regions, carry out their comprehensive economic and social modernization, accelerate the pace of its industrialization and urbanization, and stimulate the development of relations between these regions and coastal regions. Strengthen the integration of the central, western and eastern regions. The existing economic base should be developed and improved, and the reform of the state capital management system should be continued. It is necessary to develop both the industry of the central and peripheral regions. State-owned enterprises are the backbone of Chinese industry. It is important to form a multi-structured economy, actively promote the creation of joint-stock enterprises, create a multi-level investment system, while strategically important enterprises should be under state control. It is necessary to reform enterprises of a monopoly nature, increase the degree of their competitiveness, promote the development of individual and private enterprises, implement a policy of increasing employment, and carry out the dynamic development of other spheres of the economy. To carry out market reforms in the field of finance, taxation, land ownership, to accelerate the formation of a harmoniously developed non-state economy, to improve the system of guaranteeing individual human rights.

The inconvenience in such relationships can be eliminated if the exporter can organize them on mutually beneficial terms. A classic example is the supply of products under a private label, sometimes called the trademark of a wholesaler. In this case, the exporter undertakes to manufacture the goods in accordance with the requirements of the wholesale company and use its trademark and packaging. This can help the exporter adjust to the market and keep it secure for the duration of the contract. If the exporter is competent enough in the service sector, then he can establish a longer-term relationship. He may also be able to supply intermediary-branded products to wholesalers in other markets or market segments, thereby reducing his dependence. But nevertheless, an exporter who distributes some of his products under the brand name of an intermediary will always be at great risk.

After market structuring, the next step is to organize the sales force around individual buyers, which allows supplying companies to move up the value ladder. The widespread use of this structure is due to several reasons. The first is the growing concentration in all sectors - industrial, consumer, and service sectors. In most companies, up to 50% of sales are accounted for by only 20% of buyers. The second reason is the increasing degree of centralization of procurement decisions. Many organizations are moving from decentralized procurement by the SBU to centralizing this function, which makes it possible to leverage the purchasing power of the company as a whole. The third reason is the constant complication of the relationship between the buyer and the seller. The more functions and people are involved in the buying process, the greater the need for coordination. As a result, many companies are introducing the position of account leaders who manage and maintain and develop relationships with individual customers in the buying and selling process.4 These structures will be discussed later.

In Russia, social infrastructure facilities, which include enterprises that provide paid services, have mainly been transferred to the jurisdiction of local authorities, but this has not happened everywhere and there are many unresolved problems. First of all, of great importance for the further improvement and development of paid services for the population is a clear delineation and clarification of management functions at all levels of the federal, subjects of the federation, regional, municipal restructuring of financial relations between them; development of social standards in the service sector; creation of a regulatory and economic base for them. development. A lot of work is being done in this direction both at the regional and federal levels. Service enterprises are among the national economic systems designed to meet the diverse, vital, constantly growing needs of the country's population for services. The expansion and development of the service sector, which over the past 10-15 years has reached the scale of the national economy, is becoming increasingly important and it occupies a special place in the formation of market relations. Enterprises and organizations in the industry contribute to solving the problem of employment, which has become naturally acute during the years of reforms, especially of women, and make a significant, albeit clearly insufficient, contribution to the formation of budgets at all levels.

With the transition to normal market relations in the management spheres of Russia, in state and private enterprises, including those with a collective (joint-stock) form of ownership, as well as in non-profit structures of public organizations (foundations, associations, movements, etc.), it is inevitable a new for us, but well-known in the world, marketing approach to solving problems of production management and creation of goods in real form and in the form of services in the interests of the consumer and the producer, with a reasonable balance of these interests.

An objective prerequisite for the formation of the financial market is the discrepancy between the need for funds from business entities and the availability of sources of its satisfaction. Cash is available from the owners, and investment needs arise from other subjects of market relations (joint-stock companies operating in the sphere of production, the state, etc.). Consequently, the purpose of the financial market is to mediate the movement of monetary resources from their owners (owners) to users (investors). The owners are legal entities and citizens who have free funds and who want to profitably place them in income-generating objects. Users of funds - business entities and the state investing them in various areas of entrepreneurial activity (expansion of production, goods, services), as well as covering the deficit budget system and etc.

The five-year period (1992-1997) was a time of adaptation to the market not only of tax legal relations, but of the whole Russian system commodity-money relations. During this period, the need to provide reliable information to all economic counterparties, including Russia's foreign partners, increased sharply. In this regard, a large-scale scientific and methodological work was launched to create the Concept of accounting in the market economy of Russia (hereinafter the Concept). The creation of new conceptual foundations of accounting is an extremely difficult problem, since its solution consists in a radical transformation of the entire regulatory and methodological base of accounting and reporting, which for more than 70 years has served the needs of the centralized economy, into a system that ensures the interests of not only individual owners, but also the state as a personified manufacturer of public services and goods. The concept is designed to ensure the integrated interests of internal and external users at the level of the domestic economy, as well as to promote the expansion of the sphere of Russian participation in the international market for goods, labor and capital. Despite the fact that undertaken in 1996-1997. The efforts of the Russian Government to reorient the accounting system to the needs of the market significantly changed the principles of building its basic foundations; they did not bring it in too short time for this in accordance with the requirements of world standards of a market economy. Therefore, the accounting system is experiencing, like any other economic system, all the difficulties of the transition to the market period and the associated miscalculations and shortcomings of reforming its methodological and methodological foundations. This is especially evident in the system of economic relations between property owners and the state.

The first, both in terms of time and importance, is the release of prices in conditions where there is no market and competition, when monopolistic structures, often of a corrupt or mafia nature, have managed to master the process of selling the mass of commodities and, accordingly, dictate prices. Free pricing requires competition in the markets. This is a prerequisite for the effectiveness of a market economy. The system of prices balancing supply and demand ensures the coordination of decisions of numerous economic entities. Now there is neither one nor the other. With free pricing and competition, production should expand, while in our country a catastrophic rise in prices is accompanied by an equally catastrophic decline in production. What has happened since the beginning of 1992 in the sphere of commodity-money relations First, the rapid rise in prices, accompanied by a sharp decline in production and investment. In 1992, 1993 and 1994, prices grew at such a rate that in 3 years they increased 785 times. During the same time, the supply of goods and services in real terms fell by more than half. During this time, the gross domestic product decreased by 22% in 1992, by 12% in 1993, by 15% in 1994, by 4% in 1995, and by 6% in 1996. Investments in 1992 fell even more rapidly - by 40%, in 1993 - by 12%, in 1994 - by 26%, in 1995 - by 10%, in 1996 - by 18%.

Article 40 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation provides a legal definition of the market price of a product (work, service), which is recognized as the price formed by the interaction of supply and demand on the market for identical (and, in their absence, homogeneous) goods in comparable economic (commercial) conditions. In this case, the market for goods is the sphere of circulation of these goods, determined based on the ability of the buyer (seller) to actually purchase (sell) products in the nearest territory of the Russian Federation in relation to the buyer (seller) or outside of it without significant additional costs.

The technology of reforming housing and communal services also includes the formation of a mechanism for protecting consumer rights. The legal basis for protecting the rights of consumers of housing and communal services is the Law of the Russian Federation "On Protection of Consumer Rights". To ensure social protection of low-income families during the transition of housing and communal services to market relations, it is necessary to expand the scope of the system housing subsidies(including by revising and streamlining the existing system of benefits and transferring most of them to the system of subsidies). To do this, it is necessary to adopt at the regional level a law "On the Procedure for Providing Citizens with Compensations, Subsidies for Payment for Housing and Utilities" in accordance with the rules and regulations established at the federal level. Also to be developed normative act, which determines the composition of income included in the total family income when providing compensation (subsidies) for payment of utility bills.

Real introduction elements of market relations in the field of heat supply is impossible without the rejection of preferential tariffs and the abolition of cross-subsidization between different groups of consumers. Ideally, the entire population should pay 100% of the cost of services1, based on the readings of heat meters (heating, hot water supply), and directly to the provider of these services under a bilateral agreement and transparent (economically justified) tariff rates. At the same time, the consumer should be able to control the quality parameters of heat supply, thus giving rise to the responsibility of the supplier.

The task of enhancing the role of the state is especially relevant from the standpoint of general theory. social economy, the existence of specific interests of society, which are not reduced to the interests of individual individuals, that is, functionally do not depend on them. Hence, any good can satisfy the needs of qualitatively different participants in market relations, including the irreducible needs of society as such, the ability of the good to satisfy irreducible needs - social utility. The irreducibility of the latter to utility for individuals is due to the fact that social utility is based on irreducible social utility, which is postulated only for the totality of individuals as a whole. It is the independence of social utility that turns the state into an equal subject of the market. All this has to do with the rational behavior of the state. In this regard, one can recall the invisible hand from which the world expects to achieve market harmony. Where

Social studies test Market relations in economics Grade 11 with answers. The test consists of 3 parts (in part 1 - 10 tasks, in part 2 - 4 tasks, in part 3 - 2 tasks).

Part 1

1. The type of market that determines prices, and buyers and sellers are forced to accept them as given, is called

1) competitive
2) imperfect
3) centralized
4) planned

2. To the signs of the market not refers

1) unregulated supply
2) unregulated demand
3) unregulated price
4) unregulated taxation

3. In conditions market economy as the price increases, the volume of demand

1) increases
2) decreases
3) remains the same
4) regulated by the state

4.

A. A sign of a free market is state-regulated access to the market of a manufacturer of goods and services.
B. The hallmarks of a free market are supply and demand regulated by local governments.

1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are true
4) both judgments are wrong

5. Are the following judgments about the free market correct?

A. The sign of a free market is an unlimited number of participants.
B. A sign of a free market is government-regulated prices.

1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are true
4) both judgments are wrong

6. Which position of the listed not is a sign of a market economy?

1) the dominant position is occupied by private property
2) decision-making on the area in which the available resources should be applied takes place in a decentralized manner, the entrepreneur is guaranteed freedom of activity
3) the state intervenes in the economy to a minimum and only with the help of legal norms
4) the main mechanism of the economy is price regulation

7. The rivalry between buyers and sellers for the right to make the best use of their economic resources is called

1) cooperation
2) competition
3) corporation
4) monopoly

8.

A. In a market economy, private property dominates.
B. The main mechanism of a market economy is price regulation.

1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are true
4) both judgments are wrong

9. Note the position specific to command economy.

1) the predominance of subsistence farming
2) strict state regulation of production, exchange and distribution
3) the manufacturer himself decides what and how to produce
4) the consumer decides what and how much to buy

10. Are the following judgments about a market economy correct?

A. The market economy is characterized by the predominance of a subsistence economy.
B. A market economy is characterized by strict state planning for the production of all types of goods.

1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are true
4) both judgments are wrong

Part 2

1. Establish a correspondence between the concepts and their definitions: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Concepts

A) market
B) price
B) demand

Definitions

1) the coordinator of the entire market economy, coordinating the decisions of sellers and buyers in the market
2) aggregate economic relations related to the sale of goods and services
3) specific goods and services that the consumer chooses and for which he is willing to pay a certain price

Write down the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

2. Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, characterize the concept of "market economy".

Competition, monopoly, demand, supply, price.

Find and specify a term that refers to another concept.

3. Find the signs of the free market in the list below and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) unlimited number of market participants
2) government-regulated demand
3) unregulated price that suits supply and demand
4) mobility of labor and financial resources
5) regulated market access for producers of goods

4. Read the text below where a number of words are missing. Select from the provided list the words that you want to insert in place of the blanks.

A market economy has the following features:
- the dominant position is occupied by private property, that is, property owned by private and legal entities, which on its basis carry out __________ (A). At the same time, the existence of state __________ (B) is allowed, but only in those areas where private property is not very effective;
- decision-making on the area in which the existing __________ (B) should be applied takes place in a decentralized manner, that is, by the private owners themselves;
- the entrepreneur is guaranteed __________ (D) in his activities;
- the state interferes with __________ (D) to a minimum and only through the influence of legal norms;
- the main mechanisms of a market economy are free __________ (E), supply and demand, price.

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word (phrase) can be used only once. Choose one word after another in sequence, mentally filling in each gap. Note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the blanks.

List of terms:

1) competition
2) economics
3) resource
4) freedom
5) property
6) production
7) monopoly

Write the number of the word you have chosen under each letter.

Part 3

1. You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "The history of the securities market in Russia and abroad." Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan should contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

2. Topics for mini-essays

1) "Both competition and planning lose their power if used in a truncated form." (F.A. von Hayek).

2) "Markets, like parachutes, only fire if they are open." (H. Schmidt).

3) "An elephant is a mouse made by a government order" (R. Heinlein).

4) "Not to put a hand on amateur performance, but to develop it, creating favorable conditions for its use - this is the true task of the state in the national economy" (S.Yu. Witte).

Answers to the social studies test Market relations in economics Grade 11
Part 1
1-1
2-4
3-2
4-4
5-1
6-4
7-2
8-1
9-2
10-4
Part 2
1. 213
2. Monopoly
3. 134
4. 653421

“What is economics” - 0.4. 2004.2002. Family. Economists distinguish four types of resources: Goods. Macroeconomic indicators. 0.5. Appropriator Give an example? 1.2. The efforts of people spent on the production of goods and services. The need for something for the development of an individual, a company, society as a whole. The economics of the firm. 0.8. Means for satisfying needs - goods and services.

"Relations in Economics" - Completed by S. Mikhailova. Capital Market: Goods are securities, currency. If there are few specialists of the required profession, then the salary will increase several times. Teacher Suslin Dmitry Yurievich www.dmsuslin.narod.ru. Market relations in a modern economy. In the market mechanism, the economic laws of supply and demand operate.

"Questions on Economics" - Municipal property. Technical backwardness. Bottom line. Private and economic initiative. Implementation of a plan. Blitz. - Everything that is legally registered as property. Freedom of enterprise and freedom of choice is an important characteristic of the command economy. Market functions. Are the following statements correct?

"Laws of Economics" - Introduce students to the basic concepts of economics. Needs and needs of people. Let us recall the lines from English folk poetry: “What are girls made of? Purpose: Anchoring. The problem of economic growth The problem of inflation The problem of unemployment. Economy as an economic system. The ideas of economists ... are much more important than is commonly thought.

"Concepts of Economics" - Earth - all types natural resources... Economy - 1) the economy of the country; 2) the sphere of public life, including relations in the process material production providing society with material opportunities for existence and development; 3) a science that studies ways of distributing limited resources by society for the fullest satisfaction of people's needs.

State regulation of the modern economy is carried out with the help of a system of standard measures of a legislative, executive and regulatory nature, legally authorized government agencies in order to stabilize and adapt the existing socio-economic system to changing conditions.

Public organizations can also indirectly participate in state regulation: consumer protection societies, trade unions, political parties, and others.The system of bodies carrying out state regulation is shown in Figure 4.

The most striking changes in the modern economy were reflected, first of all, on trading activities... Trade, serving as a link between various sectors of the national economy, did not remain outside state regulation.

The modern mechanism for regulating the economic activity of trade can be represented as an integrated system of forms, methods, means by which the state influences the objects of trade.

In market conditions, buyers, using the services of trade enterprises, purchasing the necessary goods, participate in property relations regulated by the norms of civil legislation.

Figure 4. - The system of bodies carrying out state

regulation

The system of state regulation of trade has its own inherent goals, objectives, principles, functions, forms, tools, methods and connections.

The goals of state regulation, being closely interconnected, are unequal in terms of the scale of impact, significance, and consequences. There are strategic and tactical goals. Among the strategic goals, the most priority ones are: ensuring economic and social stability consumer market goods, economic security, competitive advantages. Tactical (specific) goals may differ according to the objects of regulation, but they should proceed from the linking of public and private interests.

The specific goals of regulation are: market relations in the field of trade; formation of an integral system of trade services for the most complete comprehensive service of the needs of the population and the demands of the local labor market; creating a regulatory framework that ensures the effective functioning and development of trade and, ultimately, ensuring sustainable economic growth. At the micro level, i.e. at the enterprise level, specific goals can be economic, social and environmental.

In general, the main task of state regulation is to maintain the stability of the consumer market and ensure its social orientation, which can be implemented using certain principles.

The application of the principles of the mechanism of state regulation of trade will depend on the model of the market economy that we want to see. In a socially oriented market economy, the main principles are dynamism, consistency, stability, adaptability, flexibility, rationality (optimality), efficiency, responsibility, reliability, efficiency, etc.

Along with them, in modern conditions of transition to economic methods regulation and self-regulation is becoming increasingly important principle of decentralized management of enterprises and organizations, which is derived from other principles and follows from the properties of the economic system.

The principles of the trade regulation mechanism are primarily correlated with the social priorities of state regulation of trade, which include:

• - formation of the consumer market;
• - ensuring the sustainability of the functioning of enterprises and trade organizations as the most important factor in regional economic security;
• - creation of an effective mechanism for the implementation of the Comprehensive Program for the Development of the Infrastructure of Commodity Markets Russian Federation;
• - changing the strategy of scientific, technical and information development;
• - implementation of a comprehensive system of measures to improve investment attractiveness enterprises, creating favorable conditions for the inflow of investments by including market regulation mechanisms, in particular stock market.

In the system of state regulation of trade, among the general functions, the most important should be considered the creation of economic and legal conditions for the functioning of the regulation mechanism. As you know, the market economy objectively presupposes high management efficiency due to the competent use of its laws, principles, methods.

Trading enterprises, purchasing goods, equipment, premises, items of material and technical support, are included in civil circulation and become objects of civil transactions. Thus, with the development of a market economy, the role and importance of civil law regulating on the basis of legal equality of the parties to property-value relations.

Trade legislation is based on the application of civil law as a set of norms and other means of law that regulate commodity circulation. Sectoral specialization of trade legislation is enshrined in the General Legal Classifier of Legislative Branches, approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 16.12.93 No. 2172 (with subsequent amendments). In this classifier, trade legislation is highlighted.

The subject of regulation of commercial law is commercial and entrepreneurial activity for the promotion of goods from manufacturers in an organization. retail and other consumers using goods for business and other economic purposes.

Everything legislative acts depending on their legal force, they are divided into laws and by-laws.

In the system of federal laws, the main legal force is the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which enshrines the rights of citizens and regulates property relations in the country. All regulatory legal acts those related to the regulation of trade must comply with constitutional principles and principles.

A special place in the legislative sphere is occupied by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, which is recognized to regulate all social relations and is the starting point for the development of all current legislation in relation to different areas activities, including trading. The Civil Code of the Russian Federation puts state regulation of market relations in a clear legal framework.

Currently, trade has established legal norms for state control and supervision over compliance with legislation in the field of standardization, metrology, certification and consumer protection by adopting the following federal laws: "On consumer protection", "On certification of products and services", "On standardization ", On ensuring the uniformity of measurements", "On antimonopoly policy and support of new economic structures"," On advertising "," On the quality and safety of food products "" On state support small business in the Russian Federation ", etc.

Among the legislative normative acts, the leading role in the system of civil legislation is played by legal acts issued by the President and the Government of the Russian Federation. Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation are issued for the purpose of operational regulation of the course of economic transformations and cover a wide range of relations, which include the issues of stock exchange, monetary and financial, banking, investment, foreign economic, customs activities, as well as pricing, taxation, the formation procedure and the level of competence of executive authorities specific territories.

The Government of the Russian Federation on the basis of and pursuant to Civil Code Of the Russian Federation, laws, decrees of the President of the Russian Federation adopts resolutions aimed at improving the activities of trade enterprises in accordance with the changing market situation. These include the following decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation: "On the rules for the sale of certain types of goods", "On the rules for the sale of goods by samples", "On the rules of commission trade in non-food products", "On the rules for selling durable goods to citizens on credit", "On the rules provision of services by enterprises Catering"," On licensing certain types of activities ", etc.

The process of legal regulation of commercial entrepreneurship is carried out not only through the development of basic laws of the Russian Federation, approval of decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation, but also through regulations adopted by the relevant ministries, federal services, federal agencies, etc.

The practical implementation of all aspects of state regulation of commercial entrepreneurship is carried out through the relevant federal and territorial executive bodies. They are not entitled to interfere with the operational activities of enterprises as long as the enterprises comply with the laws. However, they can and should act as bodies overseeing the legality of economic activity enterprises, make their proposals and require the management of the enterprise to comply with the adopted legislation.

The Ministry of Trade and Foreign Economic Relations of the Russian Federation is responsible for monitoring the observance by commercial enterprises of the legislative acts adopted by the state. Federal agency on technical regulation of metrology, the Federal Antimonopoly Service and other bodies government controlled within their competence.

In general, a system of legal regulation of relations between bodies is being created. state power all levels and independent subjects of trading activities. However, the issues effective participation states in the regulation of the trade sphere are not actively and consistently resolved. Thus, there is no unified state concept for the development of trade, the territorial link of trade management is weakened, the regulatory framework does not fully meet the practical requirements for organizing the trade activities of enterprises in the industry.

The strategic goal of the state in the trade sphere is to create necessary conditions for business development, timely control over it economic security in the consumer market. At the same time, the mechanism of state influence should ensure competition wherever it is needed. This approach means a refusal from the outside state structures from direct management commercial enterprises and focus on managing the processes taking place in the consumer market as a whole, reducing administrative impact mainly to legal regulation, ensuring equality of subjects in trading activities, regardless of organizational and legal forms and type of ownership.

The most important tasks in the field of state regulation of trading activities include:

• 1 formation of a competitive environment that ensures a stable system of commodity circulation and prevention of possible manifestations of monopoly in the consumer market;
• 2 protection of the internal market through regulation foreign investment and improving customs legislation, conducting marketing research of the domestic market in order to ensure progressive changes in the structure of exports and imports, increasing the share of goods of domestic producers by streamlining the settlement system, converting national currencies, application of dumping procedures, etc .;
• 3 comprehensive development and strengthening of the regulatory and legal framework for trade, the formation of optimal organizational and legal forms of enterprises, contributing to the enhancement of entrepreneurial activity;
• 4 creation of favorable conditions for the integration of economic activities of various trade formations through the formation of associations of trade corporations, holding formations, trade, financial and industrial groups focused on supporting domestic producers and the processing industry;
• 5 definition of the concept for the development of various types and types of trade enterprises (store-warehouse, discount store, supermarket, hypermarket), including the creation of general approaches to the formation of the range, the choice of technical equipment, interior design and appearance enterprises, the use of uniform forms of service;
• 6 improving the distribution of goods and logistics services;
• 7 effective control over trade enterprises in terms of financial, tax discipline, quality of goods sold, level of service, consumer protection based on compliance with legislation, licensing, certification, sanitary standards;
• 8 improvement of labor legislation governing the rights and obligations of participants in trading activities;
• 9 development of a corporate governance mechanism, protection of shareholders' rights, provision of free redistribution of rights to participate in capital joint stock companies and the transfer of such rights to more efficient owners;
• 10 development of a diversified trade infrastructure, providing civilized forms of trading activities.

Diverse and complex tasks set require their solution at a management level that is able to implement them. Only under the condition of a rational division of rights and responsibilities between the upper and lower levels of state power can a high sensitivity and adequacy of the actions of the mechanism of state management of trade enterprises be achieved.

An important role in the sphere of the consumer market is played by the control and regulatory function of the state regulation system. Control bodies carry out their activities to eradicate negative manifestations in this area.

Based on the specifics of trade enterprises, whose activities are mainly carried out in a specific territory to meet the needs of its population, state regulation of trade is focused on a clear delineation of the competence of federal and territorial authorities.

Currently, the formation of a legal framework for the implementation of trading activities of independently operating economic entities in a competitive environment continues.

The legal support of trade activities currently does not have a single normative legal act at the level of law, which would cover a complex set of relations in this area.

Under the influence of the reforms carried out in the country, significant changes are taking place in the economic environment, which in turn presupposes timely renewal legislative framework regulating a specific entrepreneurial activity in trade.

Thus, municipal government is the management of social communities on the basis of a territorial principle. The purpose municipal government is to provide optimal conditions for the functioning and development of territorial communities that have the status of a relatively independent economic unit. The consumer market is the most important link in the mechanism of functioning and reproduction of the territory municipality... The scope of this institution covers both the area of ​​saturation of the region's territory with products and services, and the structure of the regional labor market.

The main goal of managing the consumer market at the municipal level is to harmonize the interaction of local business structures and municipal authorities on the basis of fulfilling key social standards for satisfying the population with goods and services in the territory.

National economy Koshelev Anton Nikolaevich

54. Regulated Markets

54. Regulated Markets

Regulated Markets- this is a state of the market when the processes occurring within its framework are fully or partially subject to external control and regulation.

An external source of regulation is the state or its authorized bodies. The method for regulation is state regulation of the market - a system of methods of legal, administrative and economic regulation market, carried out by state-authorized bodies.

The inability in some market situations to self-regulation causes an objective need for state regulation (for example, in the production of public goods, employment regulation, financial and credit sphere). The explanation for the need for external regulation of the market is mainly due to the fact that many market crises can be resolved only with the intervention of the state.

The volume, scale and effectiveness of regulation are directly related to the level of development of the market. At the moment, state regulation is part of the process of reproduction of the national economy.

Depending on the specific situation on the market, the tasks of state regulation are also transformed. Typically, these include creating conditions for sustainable economic growth, reducing unemployment, initiating a structural transformation of the market, creating a system for protecting national producers and stimulating the export of goods.

The objects of state regulation of the market are specific problems that have arisen or may form in the course of the functioning of the market, causing significant damage to the standard of living of the population and economic growth.

The main points of state regulation of the market are:

1) economic cycles;

2) market structure;

3) circulation and accumulation of capital;

4) regulation of the level of employment;

5) the monetary sphere of the market;

6) pricing;

7) competition;

8) distribution and redistribution of incomes of the population and national wealth;

9) ecology;

10) foreign economic relations.

V business practice no country can find an exclusively regulated or unregulated market. Experience shows that only a reasonable combination of elements of the free market and state regulation can stimulate sustainable the economic growth and the stability of the national economy.