Calculation of long-term credits and loans. Reflection in the balance sheet of the organization

All loans are issued by banks only for specific purposes on the terms of repayment on certain period, are banking and commercial. A bank loan is a money loan that is given credit institution for the production needs of the organization, it can be long-term or short-term.

A short-term loan is a loan for a period not exceeding one year; it is the main source of additional funds for an organization for temporary needs. Borrowed short-term money is used for temporary replenishment of fixed and working capital, for inventory items, for, as well as for other needs.

Accounting for short-term loans on account 66

For the purposes of accounting for short-term loans in accounting, account 66 is intended accounting"Calculations on short-term credits and loans". Score 66 is passive. It exists to summarize information about the movement and availability of short-term loans and credits received by the organization.

The loan can be obtained both in domestic and in foreign currency. In the latter case, the currency is converted into rubles at the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the conversion is made at the time the funds are credited to the foreign currency account. Features of currency accounting can be read.

Exchange differences are included in operating expenses. Interest accrued to be paid in accordance with the loan agreement is also included in operating expenses. In addition, in the process of applying for a loan, an organization may incur a number of additional costs such as consulting fees, legal services, expertise services, communication services and others. These expenses are also included in “Other income and expenses”.

Account 67 "Calculations for long-term loans and loans" is intended to summarize information on the status of long-term (for a period of more than 12 months) loans and borrowings received by the organization.

The amounts of long-term credits and loans received by the organization are reflected in the credit of account 67 "Settlements on long-term credits and loans" and debit accounts 51 "Settlement accounts", "Currency accounts", "Special bank accounts", "Settlements with suppliers and contractors", etc.

Long-term loans raised by issuing and placing bonds are recorded on account 67 "Settlements on long-term credits and loans" separately. Moreover, if bonds are placed at a price exceeding their face value, then debit entries are made accounts 51"Settlement accounts" and others in correspondence with accounts 67 "Settlements on long-term credits and loans" (at the nominal value of bonds) and "Deferred income" (by the amount of the excess of the placement price of bonds over their nominal value). The amount attributed to score 98"Deferred income", written off evenly during the period of circulation of bonds on account 91"Other income and expenses". If the bonds are placed at a price below their face value, then the difference between the placement price and the face value of the bonds is accrued evenly over the period of circulation of the bonds from the credit of account 67 "Settlements on long-term loans and borrowings" to the debit accounts 91"Other income and expenses".

Interest payable on received credits and loans is reflected in the credit of account 67 "Settlements on long-term credits and loans" in correspondence with debit accounts 91"Other income and expenses". Accrued interest amounts are accounted for separately.

Account 67 "Settlements on long-term credits and loans" is debited for the amounts of repaid credits and loans in correspondence with cash accounts. Loans and borrowings that are not repaid on time are accounted for separately.

Analytical accounting of long-term credits and loans is carried out by types of credits and loans, credit institutions and other lenders who provided them, and individual loans and borrowings.

On a separate sub-account to account 67 "Settlements on long-term loans and borrowings", settlements with banks on the operation of accounting (discount) of bills and other debt obligations with a maturity of more than 12 months are taken into account.

The operation of accounting (discount) of bills of exchange and other debt obligations is reflected by the organization-holder of the bill on the credit of account 67 "Settlements on long-term loans and borrowings" (nominal value of the bill) and debit accounts 51"Settlement accounts" or "Currency accounts" (actually received amount of cash) and "Other income and expenses" (account interest paid to the credit institution).

The accounting (discount) transaction for bills of exchange and other debt obligations is closed on the basis of a notice to the credit institution of payment by reflecting the amount of the bill on the debit of account 67 "Settlements on long-term loans and borrowings" and on the credit of the corresponding accounts receivable.

When a bill-holder organization returns funds received from a credit institution as a result of accounting (discount) of bills of exchange or other debt obligations due to non-fulfillment in set time the drawer or other payer on the bill of his payment obligations shall make an entry in the debit of account 67 "Settlements on long-term credits and loans" in correspondence with the cash accounts. At the same time, the debt on settlements with buyers, customers and other debtors, secured by an overdue bill, continues to be recorded on the relevant accounts receivable.

Analytical accounting of discounted promissory notes is kept for credit institutions that have registered (discounted) promissory notes or other debt obligations, issuers and individual promissory notes.

Accounting for settlements with credit institutions, lenders and drawers within a group of interrelated organizations, on the activities of which consolidated financial statements are compiled, is kept on account 67 "Settlements on long-term credits and loans" separately.

Account 67 "Settlements on long-term loans and borrowings"
corresponds with accounts

Chart of accounts application: account 67

• The term of borrowing on account 66 “Settlements on short-term loans and borrowings” or 67 “Settlements on long-term loans and borrowings”. Therefore, when receiving a loan or a loan on ... and a credit of account 67 “Settlements on long-term loans and loans”. Correspondence of accounts Content of operation Debit Credit 52-1 67-1 The received long-term... is credited. Correspondence of accounts The content of the operation Debit Credit 66-1, 67-1 / sub-account “Settlements on term loans and loans ...

• Accounting for exchange rate differences on foreign currency loans and borrowings

  The term of borrowing on account 66 “Settlements on short-term loans and borrowings” or 67 “Settlements on long-term loans and borrowings”. Therefore, when receiving a loan or a loan on ... and a credit of account 67 “Settlements on long-term loans and loans”. Correspondence of accounts Content of operation Debit Credit 52-1 67-1 The received long-term... is credited. Correspondence of accounts The content of the operation Debit Credit 66-1, 67-1 / sub-account “Settlements on term loans and loans ...

• Account) The amounts of long-term (for a period of more than 12 months) loans (credits) received by the organization are reflected in the credit of account 67 “Settlements on long-term loans and borrowings”. Correspondence of accounts ... Content of the operation Debit Credit 51 67-1 The received long-term ...

• Accounting for Amount Differences on Foreign Currency Credits and Loans

  Account) The amounts of long-term (for a period of more than 12 months) loans (credits) received by the organization are reflected in the credit of account 67 “Settlements on long-term loans and borrowings”. Correspondence of accounts ... Content of the operation Debit Credit 51 67-1 The received long-term ...

• Accounting for operations under a commodity loan agreement

  Entry on the debit of the account for accounting for cash or other valuables received and on the credit of account 67 “Settlements on long-term loans and borrowings”. Accordingly..., upon receipt of a loan... or a loan for a period of...

• Loan agreement in foreign currency: accounting for exchange rate and amount differences with the borrower

  Obtaining an interest-bearing loan (credit). Liabilities and settlements in foreign currency ... loans (received for a period of not more than 12 months) are reflected in the credit of account 66 "Settlements on short-term loans and loans ...", and long-term (received for a period of more than 12 months) - in the credit of account 67 "Settlements on long-term credits and loans..." 2 . To be reflected in accounting received on a foreign exchange account ...

• Interest expense on debt obligations

  Short-term loans and loans received by the organization is summarized on account 66 "Settlements on short-term loans and borrowings". To account for long-term loans, account 67 “Settlements on long-term loans and loans ...” is intended. Interest payable on...

• Accounting for transactions under an interest-free loan agreement

  Account 66 “Settlements on short-term loans and borrowings” is intended for information on short-term loans received, and account 67 “Settlements on long-term loans and loans ...” is used to reflect information on long-term loans. Analytical accounting of loans...

• Accounting for issued and received interest-free loans from individuals

  And less), received by the organization, are reflected on account 66 "Calculations on short-term loans and borrowings", for settlements on long-term loans ... account 67 "Calculations on long-term loans and loans" is intended ... analytical accounting of short-term and long-term loans and loans is maintained by types of credits and loans, credit institutions and other lenders that provided ...

• Accounts related to loans and borrowings, since the organization actually uses the loan: account 66 “Settlements on short-term loans and loans”; account 67 "Settlements on long-term loans and borrowings ...". Crediting to a special credit card account...

• Acquisition of fuel and lubricants by bank transfer

  Accounts related to loans and borrowings are used, since the organization actually uses the loan: account 66 “Settlements on short-term loans and loans”; account 67 "Settlements on long-term credits and loans". Crediting... to a special credit card account...

• Commodity credit: features of accounting and taxation

  Not more than 12 months) credits and loans account 66 "Settlements on short-term credits and loans", long-term - account 67 "Settlements on long-term credits and loans". Paragraph 17 of PBU ... 15/01 determines that the debt on loans and credits received ...

• The organization issues its own bill of exchange and settles it with the supplier: accounting entries

  And contractors secured by promissory notes issued by the organization are not debited from account 60 "Settlements ... with suppliers and contractors", but ... the date of issuance of the bill) and the organization's obligation for a bill loan arises (clause 1 ... 15/2008 " Accounting for expenses on loans and credits "(hereinafter referred to as PBU 15 ... the bill holder uses account 66 "Settlements on short-term loans and borrowings" or account 67 "Settlements on long-term loans and borrowings" ...

• Free help from the founders: accounting and taxation

  Account 66 "Calculations on short-term loans and borrowings" is intended for the chart of accounts, for long-term loans (for ... more than 12 months) account 67 "Calculations on long-term loans and loans ..." is provided. The amounts of loans received by the organization are reflected in the credit of account 66 (67) and the debit of accounts 50 ...

• Accounting for a bank loan received for the purchase of a property with a view to its resale

  The status of long-term (for a period exceeding 12 months) loans received by the organization is assigned to account 67 “Settlements on long-term loans and loans”. Chart of accounts ... accounting and Instructions for its use ...

When an entity obtains loans or credits with a maturity of more than 12 months, they should be accounted for separately from short-term borrowings. The Chart of Accounts and Instructions for its use for accounting for long-term loans and borrowings provide for a passive account 67 “Settlements on long-term loans and borrowings” (Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n).

We will talk about how synthetic and analytical accounting is conducted on account 67 in our consultation, and we will also give typical accounting records accounting for long-term credits and loans.

Sub-accounts to account 67 and analytical accounting

• long-term loans raised by issuing and placing bonds;
• transactions of accounting (discount) of promissory notes and other debt obligations with a maturity of more than 12 months;
• expenses on loans and borrowings (including accrued interest);
• credits and loans not repaid on time;
• transactions within a group of related organizations, the activities of which are compiled consolidated financial statements.

The sub-accounts adopted by the organization must be fixed in the working chart of accounts approved in.

Analytical accounting on account 67 is kept by types of credits and loans, banks and other lenders.

Typical accounting entries for account 67

Let us present in the table some typical accounting entries for accounting for long-term loans and borrowings (

How a loan differs from a loan and how to keep records of loans and loans in accounting - this primarily depends on who asks these questions - the lender or the borrower. It is this condition that determines which accounts will be applied. How these operations are reflected in the accounting of each of the parties to the transaction and how a loan differs from a loan will be discussed in our material.

How is a loan different from a loan?

A loan is money transferred by a credit institution to a borrower. In this case, the latter pays interest for the use of such borrowed funds.

An important difference between a loan and a loan is that a loan is the attracted funds of organizations and individuals, expressed in money or their natural equivalent.

Given these definitions, we can distinguish how a loan differs from a loan:

• a loan is issued only by a bank, and a loan can be provided by individuals, organizations and individual entrepreneurs;
• a loan implies the payment of interest to the lender for the use of the issued amount, the issuance of loans of such mandatory condition does not contain: they can be interest-free;
• a loan is issued exclusively in cash, a loan - both in cash and in the form of a natural equivalent (goods, for example).

What postings contains accounting for loans and borrowings received?

In accounting, there are no special differences between a loan and a loan. Thus, the rules for accounting for loans and borrowings in accounting are described in PBU 15/2008 “Accounting for expenses on loans and credits”.

The expenses should include:

• interest on loans and borrowings;
• other related expenses: payment for consulting and information services, expert evaluation of a loan or loan agreement, etc.

Interest, in accordance with paragraph 8 of PBU 15/2008, is accounted for in one of the following ways:

• evenly throughout the term of the contract,
• in the manner prescribed by the terms of the contract, if this does not violate the uniformity of their accounting.

Other expenses related to loans and borrowings should be accounted for evenly throughout the term of the contract.

Accounting for borrowed assets is carried out using the following accounts:

• 66 - under contracts with a validity period of 12 months or less;
• 67 - under contracts valid for more than 12 months.

We will consider the accounting procedure for loans and borrowings received with examples.

An example of accounting for a loan received

Example 1

The organization received a loan on February 2 in the amount of 1,500,000 rubles. Interest rate- 10%. The term of the loan agreement is 24 months. The amount of the monthly payment is 62,500 rubles. The agreement with the bank provides for the payment of interest and repayment of the loan amount on a monthly basis on the last day of each month. Interest is calculated from the next day after receiving the loan.

In February, the organization will make the following entries:

Dt 51 Kt 67.1 - a loan was received to the organization's current account in the amount of 1,500,000 rubles.

Dt 91.2 Kt 67.2 - interest accrued on the loan: 1,500,000 / 365 × 26 × 10% = 10,684.93 rubles.

Dt 67.2 Kt 51 - payment of interest - 10,684.93 rubles.

Postings in March:

Dt 91.2 Kt 67.2 - interest accrued on the loan: (1,500,000 - 62,500) / 365 × 31 × 10% = 12,208.90 rubles.

Dt 67.2 Kt 51 - payment of interest - 12,208.90 rubles.

Dt 67.1 Kt 51 — partial repayment loan - 62,500 rubles.

This loan, being a long-term one, will be reflected in line 1410 "Borrowed funds" balance sheet for 2018 in the amount accounted for credit balance accounts 67.

If the loan were short-term, it should have been reflected in line 1510 "Borrowed funds" of the balance sheet.

Commercial credit and trade bills are shown on the lines:

• 1450 "Other liabilities" (for long-term debt);
• 1520 "Accounts payable" (for short-term debt).

It should be noted that if the funds were received for the purpose of acquiring, constructing or manufacturing an investment asset, interest must be reflected using account 08 “Investments in fixed assets"(Dt 08 Kt 66.2 / 67.2). An exception to this rule is made for economic entities that keep records in a simplified way, which are entitled to use account 91.2 for these purposes (clause 7 PBU 15/2008).

How to reflect the issued credits and loans in accounting?

Accounting for loans issued is regulated by PBU 19/02 "Accounting for financial investments".

To reflect loans in accounting, the lender uses account 58 " Financial investments».

Example 2

The organization issued a loan on March 1 for a period of 1 year. The loan amount is 3,000,000 rubles. The interest rate on the loan is 15% per annum. In accordance with the terms of the agreement, the borrower pays interest for each day of using the loan at the end of each month. Interest begins to accrue from the day following the day the loan is issued. The Agreement does not provide for partial repayment of the loan amount on a monthly basis.

In October, the lender reflected:

Dt 58 Kt 51 - issuance of a loan - 3,000,000 rubles.

Dt 76 Kt 91.1 - interest accrued: 3,000,000 / 365 × 30 × 15% = 36,986.30 rubles.

Dt 51 Kt 76 - interest received from the borrower - 36,986.30 rubles.

Postings in April:

Dt 76 Kt 91.1 - interest accrued for April: 3,000,000 / 365 × 30 × 15% = 36,986.30 rubles.

Dt 51 Kt 76 - interest received - 36,986.30 rubles.

Postings in May:

Dt 76 Kt 91.1 - interest accrued: 3,000,000 / 365 × 31 × 15% = 38,219.18 rubles.

Dt 51 Kt 76 - interest received on the current account - 38,219.18 rubles.

The lender will reflect the loan amount in the balance sheet for 2018 in line 1170 “Financial investments” in the amount of 3,000,000 rubles.

Accounting for interest-free loans issued

Example 3

Consider the conditions from example 2, while we assume that the agreement provided for the issuance of an interest-free loan.

Then the transactions at the lender will look like this:

Dt 76 Kt 51 - issuance of an interest-free loan of 3,000,000 rubles.

The next and last entry in the lender's accounting will be the posting Dt 51 Kt 76 (it will appear on the day the loan is repaid).

IMPORTANT! Loans issued on interest-free terms are not financial investments for the lender company (paragraph 2 of PBU 19/02), since essential condition recognition as such assets: their ability to generate income. At the same time, an issued loan providing for interest will be considered as such (paragraph 3 of PBU 19/02).

In the statements of the lender, the loan issued will be reflected in line 1230 “ Receivables". In this case, the organization can detail the type of receivables in the balance sheet: short-term debt with a term of 12 months or less and long-term debt with a term of more than 12 months.

How to account for an interest-free loan issued to an employee, read .

What are the features of tax accounting for credits and loans?

received credit or borrowed funds are not income for the purpose of calculating income tax for their recipient by virtue of the norms of subpara. 10 p. 1 art. 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Also, the funds issued are not an expense, taking into account the provisions of paragraph 12 of Art. 270 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Similarly, funds received and paid in repayment of a loan or loan are not considered income and expenses.

At the same time, the amounts of accrued and paid interest are fully recognized non-operating expenses in accordance with sub. 2 p. 1 art. 265 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. The moment of reflection in expenses of the amounts of interest is determined in accordance with paragraph 8 of Art. 272 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation:

• at the end of each month,
• on the date of repayment of the loan or loan (if they are fully repaid).

Interest amount, if any controlled debt included in non-operating expenses in the amount provided for in Art. 269 ​​of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Interest received under credit and loan agreements is classified as non-operating income (clause 6, article 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

It should be noted that differences in accounting and tax recognition in expenses of accrued interest on an investment loan or in the presence of controlled debt cause temporary differences to be accounted for in accordance with PBU 18/02 “Accounting for corporate income tax settlements”.

Is it possible to repay interest on a loan by mutual offset?

One of the methods of mutual settlements when repaying interest under a loan agreement, counterparties have the right to choose the offset of mutual claims. Set-off of requirements is possible subject to 3 conditions (Article 410 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation):

1. the lender and the borrower have counterclaims to each other;
2. the requirements of both companies are homogeneous;
3. The deadline for the counterclaim has already passed.

To set off, a statement by one of the parties is sufficient.

The concept of a homogeneous requirement is not legally fixed. According to paragraph 7 of the information letter of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of December 29, 2001 No. 65, it is indicated that the requirement for set-off may not correspond to obligations of one type. From this it follows that obligations related to the performance of various contracts, but with the same method of repayment and denominated in the same currency, are recognized as homogeneous.

Example:

The Stroymaster company received an interest-bearing loan from Alliance LLC in the amount of 20 million rubles. under 15% per annum for a period for 1 year with interest paid at the end of the loan period. That is, Stroimaster is obliged to return 20 million rubles. principal debt and 3 million rubles. percent (20 million rubles * 10%).

For this transaction, the companies recorded the following entries in accounting:

LLC "Alliance" acquired office space from the company "Stroymaster" for 3 million rubles. The companies recorded in the accounting postings:

The Stroymaster firm sent an application for offsetting mutual claims in the amount of 2 million rubles.

Counterparty transactions will look like this:

Results

Accounting for received credits and loans is reflected in the accounts: 66 - for short-term contracts, 67 - for long-term, and loans issued are reflected by the lender in the accounts: 58 - for interest-bearing loans, 76 - for interest-free loans. Loan and loan interest is non-operating income for the lender and non-operating expenses for the borrower.

Account 67 “Settlements on long-term loans and borrowings” is used legal entities to display data on mutual settlements on loans received for use by the company money for periods over 12 months

Account 67 in accounting is necessary for the generalization and subsequent analysis of information on ongoing mutual settlements for loan agreements(loan agreements) and interest accrued for the use of borrowed money. Settlement data for long-term agreements over 12 months is displayed here.

Attention! For accounting of short-term loan agreements (less than 12 months), account 66 is used.

Sch.67 is passive. The loan displays the amounts of money received for temporary use by the enterprise in correspondence with accounts 60,50,51,52, etc. By debit - partial or full repayment of loans and credits.

Attention! For related companies representing a single financial statements according to the results of activity, mutual settlements on ongoing borrowings are displayed separately.

Additional borrowing can be provided by the company through the issuance and subsequent placement of bonds. These operations are taken into account on account 67 separately. In cases where securities are placed at a cost higher than their face value, the excess amount is additionally displayed on account 98. The difference is written off during the entire period of placement valuable papers evenly. In cases where securities are placed at a price below par, then during the period of circulation of bonds, the difference between the values ​​is accrued evenly from Kt67 to Dt91.

Also, if necessary, a sub-account can be opened for account 67 for separate display of information on the transfer of bills of exchange by the holder of the bank and other obligations of the organization with maturities of more than 12 months (the nominal value of the transferred bill is taken into account at Kt67). Completion of the accounting operation of the bill is carried out on the basis of the received notice of the bank (other financial organization) by displaying the amount of the bill for Dt67 in correspondence with accounts receivable. Operations on the return of funds by the bill-holder to the bank as a result of non-fulfillment of the terms of the agreements by the drawer are recorded according to Dt67.

Should be taken into account! Accounts receivable, the pledge of which was overdue bills of exchange, remains displayed on special accounts.

Analytical monitoring

Monitoring of the information displayed on account 67 is carried out, depending on the type of borrowing, by creditor counterparties provided with funds (for example, banks, financial institutions, large suppliers). Promissory notes settlements are analyzed by credit institutions that accepted the bill, by counterparties-promissors and separately for each bill.

Regulatory regulation

Use of account 67 to display information on mutual settlements on funds loaned to companies under contracts for periods of more than 12 months, is carried out in accordance with the current Chart of Accounts, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94, PBU 15/2008 and other legislative acts.

Account 67 in accounting - common postings on business transactions

1. Receipt of funds under long-term loan agreements

   Dt50,51,52,55 Kt67 - cash or bank transfer received

   Dt10.41 Kt67 - posting of goods and materials under a short-term loan agreement

   Dt60 Kt67 - transfer of existing debts to suppliers in a loan from them, transfer of received loans and credits as coverage accounts payable

2. Display of interest accrued payable for the use of money

   Dt91.02 Kt67

3. Write-off of outstanding overdue accounts payable

   Dt67 Kt91.01

4. Displaying the difference between the face value and the circulation price of securities, taking into account the difference in money actually received under promissory notes to the face value.

   Dt91.02 Kt67

5. Repayment of loans and credits

   Dt67 Kt50,51,52,55 - cash withdrawal from the cash desk or cashless transfer

   Dt67 Kt62 - repayment of mutual claims