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A quarter (unit) is... How many quarters are there in a year?

February 5, 2018

"Quarter" is a word with several meanings. On the one hand, this is the name of a part of an urban area bounded by intersecting streets, on the other hand, it is a unit of time. The second term is actively used in accounting and characterizes reporting period during the calendar year. This article is dedicated to him.

Astronomical year

For chronology, a period of time is used that corresponds to the phase of the revolution of the planet Earth around the Sun. This period is 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 51 seconds. In the Julian and Gregorian calendars, the duration of the time cycle is 365 days.

Every four years, it is customary to add a day to avoid shifting the vernal equinox. The extra hours, minutes, and seconds add up, making the year a leap year. Then a new date appears in the calendar - February 29th.

The year is divided into 12 months. During the rotation of the Earth, due to the inclination of its axis to the plane of the ecliptic, the seasons change. For convenience, in Russia they are counted from the first day of a particular month: autumn - from September 1; winter - from December 1, spring - from March 1, summer - from June 1.

And how many quarters are there in a year, and for what purpose did this unit of measurement appear?

Origin of the term "quarter"

The word has latin origin and became part German language. It literally translates as "a quarter". The very meaning of the term seems to carry the answer to the question of how many quarters are in a year. There are four of them, because we are talking about the fourth part.

In the Russian Federation, this period is usually denoted by Roman numerals: IV, III, II, I. And in English-speaking countries (including the United States) - Arabic, before which the Latin letter Q is written. For example, Q4. This unit of measure is used in economic statistics and accounting to sum up the interim results of the year.

The seasons are also four, and the duration of each is 3 months. Does this mean that the concepts of "season" and "quarter" are identical? And under what circumstances is this possible? Indeed, the quarter also lasts 3 months. But he counts from the beginning of the year and beyond - in order, regardless of the season. We would observe a complete coincidence when celebrating the New Year, for example, on the first of March.

This could have taken place among the ancient Slavs, who celebrated the transition of the calendar in the fall. For them New Year counted from the first of September.

So, how many quarters are there in a year? There are four of them, let's name them by months (there are three of them) and compare them with the seasons.

Why is it necessary to divide into quarters

Having decided how many quarters a year, you should figure out why and to whom such a division is necessary. Any production needs planning of its activities and summing up. For this, statistics and financial statements are used.

During the financial year, it is necessary to be able to draw intermediate conclusions and correct certain indicators. A month is too short a period of time for that. Therefore, quarters have become an established tradition in the world.

The number of months in them is the same, but the days are not. Least of all in the first quarter - 90. In a leap year - 91. The same number in the second quarter. Most of the days in the next two - 92. This brings certain inconveniences, so the world community has been discussing the possibilities of a different financial calendar for more than a century.

But so far no alternative has been created, because the modern Gregorian calendar is closest to the astronomical one.

In Soviet times, some industries started fiscal year in October, but over time, this tradition has become obsolete, as it has introduced confusion.

In accounting, when summarizing the results, they use the concepts of "reporting period". It's about about the deadlines during which you can submit a report, for example, to the tax office. So, all indicators for three months should be submitted within 20 days from the end of the quarter, otherwise penalties will follow.

Source: fb.ru

Actual

Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous

The word "quarter" is borrowed from the German language (quartal), which is derived from the Latin quartā - fourth part, quarter.
There are 12 months in a year, which are usually divided into four seasons - winter, spring, summer and autumn. However, the quarter division is different.

When dividing the year into quarters, its times do not matter. It should be noted that there are no gaps between quarters.
It is also worth paying attention to, which falls on the second "a": quarter. Sometimes you can hear a different pronunciation of a word with an emphasis on the first vowel. This is how accountants might pronounce it, explaining that they want to distinguish the value of a quarter as a quarter of a year from the value of a part of a city.

Division into quarters

The division of the year into quarters is the division into four equal periods of time. Thus, each quarter represents three months. The first quarter starts on January 1st and ends on March 31st. The second quarter is from April 1st to June 30th, the third quarter is from August 1st to October 31st and the last quarter is from November 1st to December 31st. Roman numerals are used to designate the quarters of the year: I, II, III and IV quarters. The length of the quarters is different and varies from 90 to 92 days.

Today we use the Gregorian calendar, which is quite accurate from the point of view of astronomy. However, his reform has been talked about for more than a decade in order to regroup the days of the year. In this case, it would be possible to equalize the length of months, quarters and half-years and correct the fact that the week begins in one month and ends in another.

In 1923, a special committee on reform was created under the League of Nations, and after the Second World War, this problem began to be discussed in the UN Economic and Social Council. With all the number of calendar projects, the main attention is paid to the option proposed by Gustave Armelin in 1888. According to his project, there are 12 months in the calendar year, as now, the year is divided into 4 quarters of 91 days each. The first month has 31 days, the other two have 30. The first day of the year and quarter is Sunday, each quarter ends on Saturday and contains 13 weeks.

The calendar project was approved in the USSR, France, India, Yugoslavia and several other countries. However, the UN General Assembly postponed its consideration and approval, and has now ceased activities on this issue.

Why is it necessary to divide into quarters

Quarters are used for reporting for all institutions ranging from authorities state power and ending individual entrepreneurs. Reporting for each quarter is submitted in the month following the quarter. For example, reporting for the first quarter is due in April.

Quarterly reporting helps to systematize processes such as obtaining licenses, patents, permits and other necessary documentation.

How many quarters in a year?

In a year, no doubt, 4 quarters. Quart is a quarter from the Latin quarto. We divide the twelve months of the year by 4 and get 3 months - this is the quarter. During the year we make 4 quarterly reports, we receive quarterly bonus 4 times a year and write 4 quarterly plans.)

A quarter is a three-month period in the financial calendar that serves as the basis for financial reporting. Divide 12 months of the year by 3 to get 4 quarters.

The first quarter starts in January and ends in March, the second - in April and so on until the end of the calendar year.

Everything financial institutions must submit reports at the end of each quarter. These reports (especially for publicly traded companies) can have a very strong impact on the value of the company's shares. If the reports are good, the value of the company increases; if the quarter was not successful, the value of the shares may decrease significantly.

As everyone knows, every year contains 12 months. And this is definitely not to be argued with.

And they are already divided into quarters. There are four in total.

quarter 1 includes January, February and March.

quarter 2 adjoins April, May and June.

quarter 3 contains July, August and September.

quarter 4 filled with the months of October, November and December.

Quarter is the most famous word among accountants, as soon as the quarter is over, please kindly hand over the reports.

There are only four quarters each year.

Generally 4 quarters. Every quarter for three months. IN Russian companies Quarter 1 starts from January, in some foreign quarters start from the beginning of the season, for example, quarter 1 starts from December.

A quarter is three months, there are only twelve months in a year.

Divide three by twelve to get four.

In other words, there are four quarters in a year.

It doesn't matter if it's a leap year or a non-leap year.

four quarters of three months each

Whether the year is a leap year or a non-leap year, there are four quarters in a year. And already each quarter consists of three months. The first quarter starts from January 01 to March 31, and the fourth quarter starts from October 01 to December 31.

There are 4 quarters in a year. And this is all because the year consists of 12 months.

Quarter 1 is considered from January to March.

Quarter 2 is considered from April to June.

3rd quarter is considered from July to September.

Quarter 4 is considered from October to December.

The word quart means four. Accordingly, a quarter is the fourth part of the year, that is, 1 quarter is three months. And there are four quarters in a year. It is customary for us to count quarters from the beginning of the year, that is, from January.

Every company knows that paying taxes on time is just as important as paying wages. Tax calendars will remind you when and what tax to pay.

Production calendar- This is an important assistant in the work of an accountant! The information provided in the production calendar will help you avoid errors when accruing wages, will facilitate the calculation of working hours, sick leave or vacation.

The calendar for 2019 will show the holidays, talk about the postponement of the weekend and public holidays in the current year.

On one page, designed as a calendar with comments, we tried to collect all the basic information that is required in your work every day!

This production calendar has been prepared on the basis of Decree Pof the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 1, 2018 No. 1163 " "

First quarter

	JANUARY					FEBRUARY					MARCH
Mon		7	14	21	28		4	11	18	25		4	11	18	25
Tue	1	8	15	22	29		5	12	19	26		5	12	19	26
Wed	2	9	16	23	30		6	13	20	27		6	13	20	27
Thu	3	10	17	24	31		7	14	21	28		7*	14	21	28
Fri	4	11	18	25		1	8	15	22*		1	8	15	22	29
Sat	5	12	19	26		2	9	16	23		2	9	16	23	30
Sun	6	13	20	27		3	10	17	24		3	10	17	24	31

	January	February	March	I sq.
Amount of days
Calendar	31	28	31	90
workers	17	20	20	57
Weekends, holidays	14	8	11	33
Working time (in hours)
40 hours. a week	136	159	159	454
36 hours. a week	122,4	143	143	408,4
24 hours. a week	81,6	95	95	271,6

Second quarter

	APRIL					MAY					JUNE
Mon	1	8	15	22	29		6	13	20	27		3	10	17	24
Tue	2	9	16	23	30*		7	14	21	28		4	11*	18	25
Wed	3	10	17	24		1	8*	15	22	29		5	12	19	26
Thu	4	11	18	25		2	9	16	23	30		6	13	20	27
Fri	5	12	19	26		3	10	17	24	31		7	14	21	28
Sat	6	13	20	27		4	11	18	25		1	8	15	22	29
Sun	7	14	21	28		5	12	19	26		2	9	16	23	30

	April	May	June	II quarter.	1st p/y
Amount of days
Calendar	30	31	30	91	181
workers	22	18	19	59	116
Weekends, holidays	8	13	11	32	65
Working time (in hours)
40 hours. a week	175	143	151	469	923
36 hours. a week	157,4	128,6	135,8	421,8	830,2
24 hours. a week	104,6	85,4	90,2	280,2	551,8

Third quarter

	JULY					AUGUST					SEPTEMBER
Mon	1	8	15	22	29		5	12	19	26		2	9	16	23/30
Tue	2	9	16	23	30		6	13	20	27		3	10	17	24
Wed	3	10	17	24	31		7	14	21	28		4	11	18	25
Thu	4	11	18	25		1	8	15	22	29		5	12	19	26
Fri	5	12	19	26		2	9	16	23	30		6	13	20	27
Sat	6	13	20	27		3	10	17	24	31		7	14	21	28
Sun	7	14	21	28		4	11	18	25		1	8	15	22	29

	July	August	September	III quarter.
Amount of days
Calendar	31	31	30	92
workers	23	22	21	66
Weekends, holidays	8	9	9	26
Working time (in hours)
40 hours. a week	184	176	168	528
36 hours. a week	165,6	158,4	151,2	475,2
24 hours. a week	110,4	105,6	100,8	316,8

fourth quarter

	OCTOBER					NOVEMBER					DECEMBER
Mon		7	14	21	28		4	11	18	25		2	9	16	23/30
Tue	1	8	15	22	29		5	12	19	26		3	10	17	24/31*
Wed	2	9	16	23	30		6	13	20	27		4	11	18	25
Thu	3	10	17	24	31		7	14	21	28		5	12	19	26
Fri	4	11	18	25		1	8	15	22	29		6	13	20	27
Sat	5	12	19	26		2	9	16	23	30		7	14	21	28
Sun	6	13	20	27		3	10	17	24		1	8	15	22	29

	October	November	December	IV quarter.	2nd p/y	2019 G.
Amount of days
Calendar	31	30	31	92	184	365
workers	23	20	22	65	131	247
Weekends, holidays	8	10	9	27	53	118
Working time (in hours)
40 hours. a week	184	160	175	519	1047	1970
36 hours. a week	165,6	144	157,4	467	942,2	1772,4
24 hours. a week	110,4	96	104,6	311	627,8	1179,6

* holiday days, in which the duration of the work is reduced by one hour.

Good afternoon! Please tell me how to write correctly: 1st quarter l current year, first quarter l of the current year or 1 quarter l of the current year?
Thank you very much for your answer, I hope I get it :)

You can write first quarter And 1st quart l, but usually a quart l is indicated by a Roman numeral: I quarter l.

Please tell me how to write correctly: ... an apartment in a house in the Sheremetevsky quarter or ON the Sheremetevsky quarter?
Thanks.

Answer help desk Russian language

Right: per quarter.


	Question #271476

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