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The main result of 2017 is this: a second after you paid for your purchase with a card, the tax office knows what you bought and where. Online cash desks have almost brought retail out of the shadows: last year, tax authorities saw 1 trillion rubles in revenue per month, now - 1.5 trillion. Now sellers have one and a half million online cash registers, by July 1, 2019 there will be three times more of them - even tutors will have to buy cash registers. In 2020, Russia will be different. What will change?

There will be almost no cash

I heard a big businessman connected with online cash registers argued that 0% of the country's population will pay in cash in 2020. On the whole, I agree with him. We will follow the path of Sweden, where electronic control of revenue through online cash registers has led to the fact that mainly tourists pay in cash. In many stores, you can only pay with cards or a smartphone - cash is not accepted.

The tax office will encourage non-cash payments. Now couriers of delivery services have to carry a mobile cash register with them. It costs about 30,000 rubles, plus annual fees. This option is reserved only for those who accept cash. Those who accept cards and electronic money will be allowed to get by with a cheap receipt printer, which receives data from the delivery service office, from the central cash register. Now they are already being used instead of casas, but this is still illegal.

With non-cash and online cash registers, the tax authorities have better control over expenses. When an unemployed person pays with a card, the tax office knows what he buys and for how much. If a citizen buys an iPhone X, living on welfare, the Federal Tax Service will visit him.

In three years, the tax authorities will reveal the majority of unregistered entrepreneurs who do not pay taxes - there are several million of them.

All sellers will come out of the shadows

Online checkouts are a breakthrough in the war against shadow income. The tax authorities do not have to wait for the declaration, do not go blindly for checks. The data center receives information about hundreds of millions of transactions every day. Now the stage of the initial accumulation of data is underway: the tax authorities look at who gets how much. Soon the Federal Tax Service will know, for example, about the per-minute revenue of an average coffee shop in a business center of Moscow and a residential area of ​​Novosibirsk.

If your coffee shop transmitted sales data for 300,000 rubles in a week, and a neighboring coffee shop with the same area and assortment for 100,000, people from the tax office will come to your neighbor. They will ask: excuse me, is your barista ill or need our help?

Here's how the tax office itself says about it:

“We used to control retro events. After some action (deal, operation) had taken place, an inspection was scheduled, inspectors came and demanded documents. The possibility of online monitoring of the actions of the payer allows you to instantly react to the commission of some non-standard action, which, hypothetically, in the future may lead to lower taxes. "

54-FZ will finally make business afraid of any careless movement with money. It will become expensive and too nervous to hide the proceeds - it will be easier to comply with the law.

Someone will have to close

In restaurants and cafes, they often do not issue a fiscal receipt, they manage with a bill or a bank document after paying with a card. Part of the proceeds goes past the cashier and the tax authorities do not see it. For many, electronic control will reduce profitability, have to accept it or raise prices. And whoever raises prices with such inflation and such an increase in household incomes has fewer clients.

It is not known how many restaurants will close in Russia, but 10% of restaurants in the Czech Republic have closed this year, although usually 5% were closed a year. Czechs associate this with the introduction of electronic accounting revenue (EET) from December 1, 2016.

Those who did not hide the proceeds can be congratulated on the triumph of justice. You and your competitors will be on a level playing field.

Good news: in-store analytics will cost 500 rubles

For online cash registers, dozens of programs have been invented that analyze the movement of goods and money. It can be seen that it ends, that it sells poorly, how the new share works. We are working on applications that notify: now Alyonka chocolate is cheaper from another supplier, you have one box left, let's send an application?

The cost of such opportunities thanks to 54-FZ is about 1000 rubles a month, in a couple of years it will be 500 rubles. What Pyaterochka could previously afford will become available to the owner of a 20 square meter shopping pavilion.

Does an entrepreneur need this? Not yet. For him, 54-FZ is a compulsory necessity, an online cash register is needed so as not to violate the law. When an entrepreneur realizes that with analytics, the store brings in 5-7% more revenue, and one seller costs, as it were, for free, demand will appear.

Smartphones will become cash registers, we will pay by QR code

Checkout counters are looking more and more like tablets and smartphones. Nothing prevents you from making a cash register from an ordinary smartphone, for this you need to replace the current models of fiscal drives the size of a small matchbox with a SIM card with the same functions. The probability that this will happen is eighty percent.

Smartphone checkout counters are best suited for micro-businesses, for example, a tutor. To receive money for the lesson, the student will be asked to read the QR code. In 2020, card-linked QR code apps will be on most smartphones.

Cash desks will become cheaper

54-FZ became the reason for the integration of everyone with everyone: aggregators like Yandex.Checkout, cash register manufacturers, cash register software, banks. Even competitors are friends. We made an application for trading with delivery. A similar solution is offered by Modulbank. From the outside, we seem to be competitors. In fact, it is even beneficial for a bank if its ModulKassa has different applications - the entrepreneur will choose what is more suitable.

In 1-2 years it will be possible to buy any cash register, connect to any fiscal data operator and install any cash register application in 15-20 minutes. Do you need "MoySklad"? - he is at least in "Evotor", at least in "ModulKassa". No need to pay 100-200,000 rubles for integration. All integrations are already in the box.

And three more reasons to live to 2020

Advertising is super personal. Yandex knows where, what and when you buy. Sends a notice a day before that the buckwheat "Uvelka" is running out - you see a notice in the supermarket. Convenient if you constantly forget what to buy.

Entrepreneurs do not need to submit declarations... If you have a "simplified" of 6%, the tax authority considers everything, the declaration is waiting in personal account... It remains to go in and check.

Easier to get a loan. There is no need to collect a bunch of documents, the bank receives information from the FDO and knows how the entrepreneur is doing. The bank saves on assessing the creditworthiness, the analysis of the borrower becomes more accurate - the rate is lower.

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In the coming years, the state will upload Russian economy significant resources, by 2017–2018 these investments will yield results. But after 2018, the resource will be exhausted, which means that the question of a new course and a new type of agreement between the government and society will arise. This article is published as part of the RBC project Scenarios-2020, in which well-known economists and experts draw scenarios for the development of Russia in the coming years

The scenario for Russia for the next five years has already been largely determined. The "engine" stops at the economy, we do not have real investment for growth. It is from this main problem that one has to make a start when choosing a path. And there are several such paths. Liberal - when a good investment climate attracts private money. Mobilization - when, in a bad investment climate, you throw in government money and try to spin up the economy on your own. There is also a third - inertial: reserves are spent and steps are taken simultaneously in all directions. These half-measures are minimally fueling the economy, but global shifts are not taking place.

In the past five years, Russia has been following inertial path, which was facilitated by the high oil rent. Now, due to a noticeable deterioration in the economy, the likelihood of such a scenario is decreasing. The likelihood of a liberal scenario - with a sharp improvement in the investment climate - is also low. Work to improve the business climate is progressing, but extremely slowly. When certain barriers to business are removed, the tax burden is simultaneously increased. Instead of raising tax collection while maintaining or even lowering rates, it was decided to patch holes in regional budgets by introducing new taxes.

At the same time, it is hard to believe in catastrophic forecasts of a decline in oil prices. Panic is now being whipped up. The end of the world in a single country is generally one of the favorite Russian national fairy tales. But the fall in oil prices is not the result of a global anti-Russian conspiracy, but a general deterioration in the global economic situation, a slowdown in the growth of the Chinese economy and competition. oil producing powers with new American shale projects. These completely market factors reduce demand and increase supply, the price falls.

But if we talk about further prospects, then there are factors of a deeper order. Oil for $ 50 for the world economy means a sharp acceleration in China and India, while the US, Europe and Japan are slowing down. In principle, in the interests developed countries the world to keep the price of oil - for example, by accumulating reserves - at a level that would limit the competitiveness of new industrialized countries and on the other hand, it would support the development of the same shale oil. Therefore, it can be predicted that oil prices will soon go up again.

The ruble, too, cannot collapse indefinitely. A sharp drop in the incomes of state employees and pensioners will mean undermining confidence in the existing government on the part of its main electorate. And do not forget that major participants foreign exchange market are state-owned companies, among which there are exporters. Therefore, the authorities have other significant tools to influence the ruble exchange rate, in addition to key rate and foreign exchange interventions (eg, manual management of state-owned companies).

The business climate could be improved by economic liberalization. However, one should not rely on the money of Russian investors. The only factor that can induce them to come to Russia from abroad is the sanctions and risks associated with offshores. But their own money is still not enough to launch a serious investment process, and the comparative tightening of the fight against offshores in the West is a weak incentive for private investment to flow like a river to Russia.

At the same time, Western sanctions against Russia have a chance to drag on. Their extension depends not only on what is happening in the Donbass and in the diplomatic arenas, but also on the balance of interest groups in the authorizing and sanctioned countries. The "game of sanctions" turns out to be beneficial for some distributive coalitions on both sides, primarily those interested in redistributing markets and state budgets. This increases the chances for a mobilization scenario, allocating public money for large projects - most often large state and near the state companies.

Thus, the most probable scenario for Russia for the next five years is the mobilization scenario. Large investments in infrastructure (highways, ports, aviation hubs, fiber-optic lines) can be expected - this is a good anti-crisis tool and a good multiplier. By the way, road construction always has a positive effect on business development. And do not blame corruption: corruption is a tax that we pay for the poor quality of institutions. As long as we live with bad institutions, we will pay it. In addition, government investment is a kind of magnet that attracts additional investment.

Surely, within the framework of the mobilization scenario, innovative attempts will also appear in the defense complex. There is still a technological level that allows it to withstand competition in world markets.

The recession will hit us in 2015. Then, infrastructure projects will start, which will have to give visible results both in the pace of construction and in statistics somewhere in 2017-2018 - just when the presidential elections are to be held in Russia. But immediately after 2018, public investment resources will be largely exhausted. Then the question of changing the course will arise.

By about 2020, the global economic environment will begin to change markedly. Now global growth has slowed down, and will not accelerate in the coming years: globalization demanded a very tough and delicate coordination of the world market, but it turned out to be impossible. The reaction to this is regionalization and the weakening of international mechanisms of mutual influence. At the same time, studies show that by the 2020s, the main deficit factor of world development will finally not become Natural resources(which Russia has), but human capital, which we cannot retain and reproduce at the required speed. That is why the 2020s will be a turning point for Russia as well.

Can Russia live without oil? It is worth recalling that Russia, in addition to oil and gas, produces another good of global importance - brains. Despite the unsuccessful reforms in the field of education, repression and crises, our country manages to give birth to one generation of talented people one after another. This is largely a question of culture and its reproduction. True, so far we do not receive anything for the export of smart people. Academician Revold Entov once estimated the income from the idea of ​​television alone, taken by Zvorykin outside our homeland, at about 20 Russian GDP. Sergei Brin can also be estimated at 5-7 of our GDP - maybe even more. In order not to lose brains and incomes, we need to seriously rebuild all models and social institutions. So far, the fork looks like this: either we are a resource-based country, or we are smart.

There are professions where Russia has really good chances for leadership positions. We studied this issue (in the research of the INP "Social Contract") based on a comparison of emigrant statistics on the main labor markets - the USA, Israel and Germany - where our compatriots leave. It can be seen that mathematics, physics, IT are areas where we still have strong graduates. There are areas where the positions are weaker, but the presence of emigrants from Russia is still noticeable there: sports, media, art, medicine, biology. That is, the real situation with Russian education is not as bad as it seems, if we measure its economic results.

We also have features of the organization of labor and production, which can also be used for such a transformation of the economy. This is, for example, the ability to suddenly produce outstanding results, to achieve sudden breakthroughs. Small-scale production, like a hydrogen bomb, a spaceship or a water turbine, Russia has always succeeded better than mass production of refrigerators and cars. Theoretically, taking into account these features, it would be possible to build industrial policy and fit into global niches related to unique products and experienced series.

Nevertheless, building an economy based on human capital is a very distant prospect for Russia; such shifts will take decades. There are two types of barriers on this path: formal institutions and informal ones. Legislation is not so difficult to change. But the legislation will not take root due to cultural obstacles and behavioral stereotypes: the tendency of our compatriots to avoid uncertainty, conflict individualism, the feeling of being unable to influence the government, and the lack of skills in cooperation with other people. Just to get rid of such patterns, you need to spend at least 10-15 years of purposeful educational and cultural policy.

Whether it is possible to start such shifts in the conditions of mobilization projects is a big question. Probably not. Especially considering that in 2014 a new social contract emerged in Russia, linking the feeling of life in a great power with the readiness of society for economic and social constraints. With such a social contract, the innovation process is possible, but it will proceed more like the Soviet model, when the level of development of the defense complex is greatly divorced from the civilian industry. While such a strategy will yield current positive results for the economy, it will quickly run into constraints in the quality of human capital. It is very difficult to make technological breakthroughs without highly qualified personnel, and the current structure of the economy does not allow them to be produced in sufficient quantities and retained. This will push for a new model of the social contract - but the question itself will arise no earlier than in four to five years.

Time does not stand still, years, centuries pass, and at the same time our life changes. And thanks to technological progress, the modern world is changing its appearance at an incredible pace. The professions are also changing. New ones appear, old ones cease to be relevant. Yes, and those positions that remained in this moment transformed. For example, a train driver 50 years ago and now had to have completely different skills. And as for the computer operators, I generally keep quiet. I will tell you about new professions that will appear by 2020.

It is expected that this profession will be in the TOP of the most demanded professions for many years. Because keeping old robots and creating new robots will require writing programs. If we talk about the technical side, then this labor market is divided into two types:

By the way, developers of games and applications can be attributed to the second point. Therefore, if there is a desire to write games, this is the place for you.

Drone manager

Anyone who thinks that a quadrocopter is a toy for children is very far behind the times. For example, no city event is complete without drone aerial photography. Everyone knows that Amazon has been using copters for a long time for cargo delivery. it is several times cheaper than courier delivery. Perhaps, in the near future, such devices will enter service with the Ministry of Emergency Situations - the aircraft will carry a first-aid kit to help the victims before the rescuers themselves arrive. Be sure to watch the video from the previous Winter Olympics - Intel launched more than 1000 drones into the sky:

In addition, Russia has adopted a law on the registration of all drones weighing from 250g to 30kg. While the registration mechanism is being worked out, the law is temporarily out of effect.

I think it is clear that even on state level you will need specialists in this area, not to mention the private sector: designers, repairmen, operators, etc.

3D Printing Designer

Do you still think 3D printers are expensive and rare machines? The price of good plastic printers starts from 10,000 - 15,000 rubles for aliexpress.

The 3D printing market is growing by 14% every year. This is just a frantic pace, and the most in-demand professions in 2020 will be associated with this area.

Moreover, this is a rather wide niche that will provide jobs not only for technical specialists, but also for humanitarian ones. 3D printing is used in many areas: engineering(printing of parts of mechanisms), medicine(bone tissue prostheses are already being printed, as well as parts of organs), construction(3D printing is used in the production of individual blocks, and a year ago in Russia a whole house was printed using a similar device), electronics(using electrically conductive material that prints PCB tracks), food industry(they make exclusive pizza on 3D printers, print chocolate figures, etc.). And this is not the whole list.

And the profession “3D printer maintenance technician” closes this list. Someone has to create and maintain your equipment.

3D designer

The job market in 2020 will be filled with more than just 3D printed engineers. I would like to single out one profession separately - it is the designer of houses / apartments.

Before starting to make repairs, the customer always wants to know how his apartment will look after completion of the work. The designer creates a 3D model of the room, and then, at the request of the owner, either "breaks" the walls, or adds new ones, completely renders the entire interior. Ultimately, you can "walk" around your future home on a monitor screen. Further, this model is transferred to the builders, and they bring the idea to life: what does not need to be broken, what needs to be built.

Do you think this is difficult and too rare? Most of the above-average class apartments are finished according to this scheme.

Online doctor

There is even nothing to write about. In the coming years, robots can only transform the medical field, but the computer brain is not yet able to diagnose and cure a person. Therefore, the profession "Doctor" will be in demand for many years to come. However, it can change a little by going online.

Thanks to modern technology, we have the opportunity to monitor our body outside the hospital. For example, in the new smartwatches of a well-known brand, it became possible to monitor the rhythms of the heart. There are very primitive sensors and medical equipment, they will not replace, but they can warn you about the danger.

Plus, subcutaneous chips are actively developing, which replace not only the pass, bank card, passport, but also may have "on board" some medical sensors.

Thanks to this, in the coming years, the “online doctor” service will be available, who will receive all the information about the state of your body via the Internet, and then either prescribe a treatment or send it for additional examination.

Given the reluctance of people to go to hospitals and monitor their health, the online doctor will be a sought-after profession for 2020 and beyond.

Retraiter

Some of the most in-demand professions in 2020 will be related to education. But not in the form in which you can imagine. In the future, specialists with a pedagogical education will be in demand who are capable of RETRAINING personnel - retreaters (from the English. Retraining- retraining).

Your main responsibility will be to keep up with modern world, constantly learn something new, and then pass this knowledge on to others.

Well, the course of nail courses has not been canceled either))))

Drone manager

With the growth of the number of self-driving cars, they will be used more and more in the transportation of goods, on regular routes, in taxi companies. Airborne drones are used for mail delivery, terrain exploration, etc. And all this "team" of robots must be controlled.

In fact, this profession is as similar as possible to a logistician, except that you will not have to work with car drivers, but give commands to robots. And make sure that they clearly interact with environment... If this profession is not in demand by 2020, then, for sure, it will become relevant within 5-7 years.

Managers

The fact that robots are gradually taking over the labor market does not mean that there will be no need to manage. On the contrary, all modern companies pay special attention to this, because the effectiveness of their work depends on personnel management, which in turn affects the state of the business.

Skills that will be in demand in 2020

Surely after reading the article, you got the feeling that somehow little space has been allocated for the humanitarian professions of 2020. Will they not be in demand? Just the opposite. It's just that in the humanitarian sphere it is difficult to single out a specific profession that will be relevant. But recently at the World Economic Forum 10 skills were named that will be relevant in 5 years.

As you can see, most of these skills are somehow related to communicating with people and working with society, and the second part requires you to work your brain in solving a wide range of tasks: creativity, multitasking, etc.

Do I need to learn foreign languages?

Yes! Necessary! If you really want to get into demanded professions in 2020, then knowledge of foreign languages ​​is a must.

1. Because all machines, robots and software are manufactured abroad, specialists in this field need to know English to study instructions, learn and communicate with technical support.
2. Any scientific work, retraining, etc. closely related to the study of foreign sources or direct travel abroad.
3. In the service and trade sectors, knowledge of the English language is also required.

Where to go to study?

Surely, you want to know what specialties will be in demand in 2020, in order to understand who you need to go to study at a university or college and which path in life to choose. And here I have not very good news for you.

The modern world is faced with the following problem: while a student is studying at the university, some of the knowledge he receives is already outdated. Most Russian universities will not provide you with education that is relevant today, because the staff of “old school” teachers is not retrained and they teach what they understand themselves. That is why I personally believe that the institute should teach you not just a specialty, but the ability to find a large amount of information and quickly process and assimilate it. And all this is in completely different fields of science.

Do not in any case think that I am talking about the uselessness of university education. No!

What you get at the institute is the foundation of your knowledge, but you will have to study actual things on your own. For example, if you go to a programmer, then during training you will be taught programming languages, algorithms, etc. But no one will take you by the hand and start teaching you how to program quadcopters - you will have to learn it yourself.

Therefore, I personally would advise you to go to technical specialties in one way or another related to electronics and programming, and after a couple of years of study, decide in which narrow direction you want to move on.

And in the humanitarian sphere, this is management. It is one of the most versatile professions that will give you the foundation of customer service, HR, advertising, and more.

Conclusion

I very much apologize to those who have not found here the professions that will appear by 2020. In fact, new specialties will not appear so dramatically - it will not be long before 2020. However, during this time, we will observe the change of old professions and the separation of new directions from them, which will become the professions of the future.

Sometimes we all want to look a little into the future and find out what will happen in a year, two, ten years, etc. And accordingly, do right choice in your life to become more successful. Not all of the future can be predicted, some can only be analyzed. And today we will try to find out what will happen in the world in 2020? Fortunately, this date is not so far away and it is not necessary to use the predictions of Vanga and the Mayan calendars to answer this question.

One of the most important questions is what the world's population will be like by 2020. Do you think that this problem will not affect you? You are wrong. Indeed, with the growth of the population, the amount of resources per inhabitant of the planet decreases, as well as the territory for living.

The world's population is growing at an incredible rate. And on average, it increases every year by 1%. In 2015, our planet reached another level - the population was equal to 7,000,000,000 people. It is expected that 8 billion people will live on earth by 2025.

In 2020, there will be approximately 7.6 billion people on the planet.

Basically, population growth will be associated with fertility in third world countries. In African countries, there is a tremendous increase in the birth rate. More precisely, thanks to the development of medicine for last years, in Africa, the birth rate has not increased, but the death rate of children has decreased.

The countries of Asia also make a huge contribution to the increase in the number of the planet. For example, in China, the law "one family - one child" was abolished. It happened 3 years ago. The fact is that in Chinese families (how to put it less cynically) they were more pleased with the appearance of boys than girls. After all, if there is only one child in the family, the parents would like to see the heir. In this regard, cases of abortions have become more frequent, if the sex of the child “did not match the desired one” and the number of men in China significantly exceeds the number of women. That is why the law was canceled.

Population of the countries of the world for 2020

1. China - 1.43billion
2. India - 1.37billion
3. USA - 342 million
4. Indonesia - 266million
5. Brazil - 218m
6. Pakistan - 199m
7. Nigeria - 193m
8. Bangladesh - 187m
9. Russia - 147.7million
10. Japan - 125m

The population in Russia by 2020 will increase by approximately 1,000,000 people compared to 2018 data. Most of the growth will be associated with migration to our country. But the birth rate will either remain at the same level or decrease slightly.

Technologies

Undoubtedly, the growth in the number of people brings with it new needs. Thanks to this, the latest developments appear and scientific discoveries are made. So what technologies will be in 2020? Let's briefly consider the most basic.

Smartphones

Some analysts have long predicted that the smartphone market will soon fall. And smart watches, speakers, jackets, etc. will come to replace them. (about jackets - this is not a joke. Xiaomi has presented a smart jacket this year). But by 2020 this will not happen, and the market will only grow.
The most anticipated innovation is the introduction of a flexible screen. Many giant companies have long had flexible smartphones in their plans. And even if by 2020 you will not be able to wrap your phone in a tube like a piece of paper, it will already be possible to fold it in half for more convenient storage.

Artificial intelligence

Smart gadgets are not lagging behind either. Even now, your phone has voice assistants based on neural networks and artificial intelligence. By 2020, they'll be even smarter and can really have a meaningful conversation with you by answering the questions asked.

Google at the presentation of new Pixel smartphones said that their phones can already independently answer calls if an unknown number calls you. Artificial intelligence will maintain a conversation with the caller and display it on the screen. The robot's task will be to ask leading questions so that you can determine who is calling you. (quote)

Auto

It's no secret that many car companies have been developing in two directions in recent years:

1. Electric cars
2. Autopilots (currently only offered as driver assistance).

So technology in 2020 can reach the mark that will bring a fully self-driving car to life. Artificial intelligence will be able to recognize markings, pedestrians, etc. For example, Elon Musk has already hinted in his interviews that it is possible that some Tesla models will not have a steering wheel by 2020.

Internet

By 2020, the Internet will become faster thanks to Elon Musk. By 2020, the first phase of the Starlink program should be completed in the United States. Let me remind you that this is an ambitious project to put 4,425 satellites into low-earth orbit to provide the entire earth with free (or at least cheap) Internet. All satellites are to be launched by 2024, and the first part (800 units) will primarily operate in the United States by 2020 or 2021.

After 2024, 7,518 more satellites are planned to be launched into a lower orbit to increase the connection speed.

Chipping

A terrible word? So you shouldn't be so afraid of this, because in Sweden more than 3500 people have already installed chips under their skin. A chip under the skin can replace your intercom keys, electronic passes, and a bank card. In the future, all documents can be added to this set: passport, driver's license etc. This will make life much easier for citizens, but on the other hand, it raises concerns, whether the authorities will abuse their powers and totally monitor all chipped people? There is no answer to this question yet, but let's hope that everything will be fine.

Medicine

How can you talk about what technologies will be in 2020 without affecting medicine. And this sphere, too, cannot but please us. By 2020, we must forget about such a disease as cancer! Already, there are enough ways to treat this disease, even in its later stages. The essence of the treatment is as follows: during the normal course of the disease, the immune system cannot distinguish between cancer cells and healthy ones. Scientists managed to "show" our body which cells need to get rid of and which ones to keep. Thus, a person can be cured of this serious illness. While this method is at the testing stage. Let's hope it ends in the near future.

Organ transplantation is developing at the same rapid pace. One of priority directions is 3D printing. Heart valves can already be 3D printed. In the future (not by 2020, unfortunately) the entire organs should be printed.

Energy

We will not talk about the development of solar energy - this is already clear and known to everyone. And I will tell you about one interesting method of generating electricity, which was proposed in the United States. As you know, Yellowstone Park (this is a nature reserve in America, where geysers pour out of the ground) is one of the largest volcanoes on the planet - a supervolcano. Major eruptions occur once every 600,000 - 700,000 years. And the last was just about 640,000 years ago.

Do not think that it is somewhere far away. If this volcano wakes up, it will become a global problem, because a cloud of volcanic dust and gas can cover the entire planet for 2-3 years. In fact, we may face a nuclear winter, when most of the animals and plants become extinct. And according to scientists, the food supply for mankind will be enough for about 74 days.

But back to electricity. Scientists recently proposed drilling two wells along the edges of this volcano and using geothermal energy to generate electricity. Firstly, this is a "green" technology without wasting natural resources, and secondly, the operation of the power plant will slowly cool the volcano, reducing the risk of an eruption.

While calculations are underway, how much this project will cost, but now the cost is estimated at $ 3.5 billion. A colossal amount, but let's hope the plan works.

Currency

And, of course, what is the future without money? Everyone is wondering how much the dollar will cost in 2020. And here's a little prediction.

In relation to the ruble, by 2020 the dollar will either grow or remain at the same level. This is due to the fact that modern Russian policy does not imply leaving the oil needle and developing industry. The confrontation between Russia and the United States will continue, perhaps there will even be some military conflicts in the Middle East that will affect exchange rates. But sanctions will continue to intensify, and Russia will have to "plug holes" in the budget, which will inevitably lead to a fall in the ruble, so it would be correct to keep its money either in square meters, or in dollars.

Conclusion

And in conclusion, I want to say that, despite some temporary conflicts and difficulties, the world as a whole is moving forward, medicine, space technologies, etc. are developing. Therefore, you and I are very lucky to live at such a time. Let's see in two years whether I was right or not. I hope everything will be even better than what is written here.