Deposit insurance is a mandatory deposit insurance system. Insurance of deposits of individuals

Historically, in Russia, a bank deposit is the most popular way to save money. With the development of banking technologies, the process of managing personal finances has become more convenient and simpler - our salaries and pensions are credited to bank accounts, and Internet banking allows us to place these funds on deposits with better conditions without leaving home. Of course, the leading factor supporting such a high degree of confidence of our citizens in this method of savings is the state deposit insurance system. Many of us have heard about this system, but only a few people learn about its structure and, as a rule, as a result of an insured event. In this article we will try to fill this knowledge gap and tell you how the Russian deposit insurance system works.

Deposit Insurance System and Deposit Insurance Agency

The deposit insurance system (DIS) is an effective protection mechanism that provides for insurance of deposits of individuals by the state. When an insured event occurs, compensation is paid to depositors by the Deposit Insurance Agency (DIA). Its creation was caused by a wave of bankruptcies of financial institutions that swept across Russia in the late 90s. Thus, on December 23, 2003, Federal Law No. 177-FZ “On insurance of deposits of individuals in banks of the Russian Federation” was adopted, for the successful implementation of the rules of which the DIA was created in 2004.

The agency maintains a register of participants in the savings account, pays insurance compensation for deposits upon the occurrence of an insured event, and also manages the compulsory deposit insurance fund (MDIF). During the entire existence of the DIA (from 2004 to January 2013), 130 insurance cases were recorded, 388.3 thousand people applied for insurance compensation, and 72.7 billion rubles were paid to them.

Similar CER systems operate in more than 100 countries and are designed to prevent panic among depositors, ensure the stability of the banking system and public confidence in it. We will talk further about how insurance is carried out and what event is recognized as an insured event.

Deposit insurance mechanism

The deposit insurance process is quite simple. The depositor makes a deposit to the bank and draws up a deposit agreement. There is no need to conclude a special deposit insurance agreement: all technical aspects of interaction with the DIA fall on the shoulders of the financial institution you choose. Quarterly, the bank pays the DIA an insurance premium in the amount of 0.1% of the total deposit portfolio. Thus, the insurance is paid not by depositors, but by the banks themselves.

All funds placed on the accounts of individuals, including on debit plastic cards, are subject to insurance, except for:

• funds in the accounts of private individuals - individual entrepreneurs without forming a legal entity, as well as in the accounts of lawyers and notaries opened for them to carry out the specified activities;
• bearer deposits;
• funds transferred by an individual to the bank for trust management;
• deposits in precious metals;
• electronic money;
• deposits placed in foreign branches of Russian banks.

Insured event according to Art. 8 Federal Law No. 177-FZ is:

• revocation by the Central Bank or cancellation of the license of the bank in which you placed a deposit;
• moratorium of the Central Bank on satisfying the claims of other creditors of the bank.

Such an outcome is possible during times of serious financial difficulties for the bank, its complete ruin, or during an economic crisis. Next, we will look at how and to what extent investors can receive compensation.

Insurance compensation

When an insured event occurs, investors receive insurance compensation from the DIA. In accordance with current legislation, compensation is paid in the amount of 100% of the amount of deposits in the bank, but not more than 1,400,000 rubles (clause 2 of Article 11 of Federal Law No. 177-FZ). Foreign currency deposits are recalculated based on the Central Bank exchange rate in effect on the date of the insured event.

According to Art. 11 Federal Law No. 177-FZ, if a depositor has several deposits in one bank and their total amount exceeds 1,400,000 rubles, compensation will be paid for each deposit in proportion to its size. If funds are placed in several banks, then in each of them the depositor can receive up to 1,400,000 rubles.

According to Federal Law No. 451-FZ “On Amendments to Article 11 of the Federal Law “On Insurance of Individuals’ Deposits in Banks of the Russian Federation” for insured events that occurred after December 29, 2014, the maximum amount of insurance compensation for accounts (deposits) of individuals , including individual entrepreneurs, increased to 1.4 million rubles.

Note that if the depositor had more than 1,400,000 rubles in his account, the depositor can also claim the remaining funds, but during bankruptcy proceedings, when the bank’s property will be sold. Payments are made on a first-come, first-served basis, and not all depositors' claims can be satisfied.

It is important to remember that if at the bank in respect of which the insured event occurred, you had not only a deposit, but also a loan, then the amount of compensation will be determined based on the difference between the amount of the deposit and your obligations on the loan.

What to do if an insured event occurs?

The procedure for paying insurance compensation is regulated by Art. 12 Federal Law No. 177-FZ. According to the law, the DIA, within 7 days from the date of receipt from the bank of the register of its obligations to depositors, publishes in the “Bulletin of the Bank of Russia” and the printed publication at the bank’s location a message containing information about the place, time and procedure for accepting applications from depositors for payment of compensation . Also, within 1 month, the DIA sends a message to each bank depositor who has the right to insurance compensation. In addition, clients can obtain all the necessary information from the bank itself.

The depositor or his representative is required to submit an application in the form specified by the DIA; documents proving their identity; documents on the right of inheritance or use of funds (if available). After this, the DIA provides the depositor with an extract from the registers indicating the amount of compensation and, within 3 working days from the date the depositor submits the application, but not earlier than 14 days from the date of the insured event, pays the compensation.

Depositors who have received compensation are provided with a corresponding certificate, and a copy of it is sent to the bank. If the investor does not agree with the amount indicated in the register, he can provide the DIA with additional documents confirming the fact that the amount does not correspond to reality. The agency sends them to the bank, and if the depositor’s claims are justified, the bank must make changes to the register within 10 days and notify the DIA about this.

Payment of compensation can be made either in cash or by transferring funds to an account specified by the depositor. Acceptance of applications, documents and payment of compensation can be carried out by the DIA with the involvement of agent banks.

A depositor can submit an application for insurance compensation from the day the insured event occurs until the end of the bank’s liquidation process. If the client did not manage to do this within the allotted time for a good reason (due to a serious illness, long-term business trip, etc.), the DIA, even after liquidation, will accept his application and pay compensation (you should not count on this without a good reason).

In conclusion, we note that, despite the well-established reimbursement process and the obvious fundamental nature of the deposit insurance system, the size of its fund is not unlimited - at a critical moment it will be able to cover the obligations of two or three large commercial banks. Therefore, when choosing a savings program, first of all it is necessary to assess the reliability of the financial institution. However, if you prefer high-yield investments in little-known banks, it is recommended to diversify your deposit portfolio. By placing no more than 700 thousand rubles in each of them, you will largely insure yourself against financial losses, even in the event of the bankruptcy of several financial organizations.

The creation of a bank investment insurance system is a special state program, which is being implemented in accordance with the Federal Law “On Insurance of Individual Deposits.” persons."

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Its main goal is to protect citizens’ savings, which are placed on deposits in Russian banks. Protecting the interests of citizens is one of the important social tasks in dozens of countries around the world.

The investment insurance system allows the investor to return funds from the deposit in the event of bank bankruptcy or in the event of license revocation. In this case, a fixed amount of funds is immediately transferred to the client.

When transferring money to a banking organization, you need to have information on how to reduce potential losses and obtain insurance if an insured situation occurs.

General points

Now the essence of investment insurance in Russia comes down to the fact that even if the bank to whose accounts the money was transferred goes bankrupt, the individual. a person can hope for an absolute return on the money invested.

In this situation, it turns out that no crises can any longer cause bank clients to lose money.

The insurance system was created thanks to the work of a special fund at the Central Bank, where all banks must deposit their reserves in order to receive.

Consequently, the presence of a banking organization license guarantees that in the event of an insured event, the Central Bank will pay off all depositors with funds from the reserve fund.

However, insurance is not issued for all deposits and requires compliance with important conditions. The role of the insurer belongs to the Private Investment Insurance Association (DIA).

If a bank goes bankrupt or its license is revoked, the agency pays depositors. All deposits are insured, including investments in foreign currency.

The investor does not have to enter into anything separately or contact another company, which is quite convenient.

What it is

Deposit insurance is a means of protecting the rights and interests of individuals. persons in the financial sector, when investing money in deposits.

The insurance system applies to the financial assets of individuals that are in accounts in banking organizations and are involved in investments with interest accrued.

Uninsured financial assets are:

1. On the accounts of private individuals - businessmen without legal education. persons when the deposit was issued for carrying out entrepreneurial activities.
2. On the accounts of lawyers, lawyers, etc., when the deposit account is issued for professional work.
3. In bearer deposits.
4. Funds provided to a banking organization on trust terms.
5. Electronic money.
6. Investments in offices abroad of the Russian Federation.

List of financial and credit organizations

Insurance of deposits of individuals in banks of the Russian Federation list of banks that are among the top banking organizations for processing deposits:

Legal grounds

The goals of the law are to increase the attractiveness of financial banks for the population, strengthen confidence in Russian credit companies, and create equal competitive conditions for banks that attract deposits from individuals. persons

According to this law, those insured in rubles or in a Russian institution on the basis of a concluded agreement.

The deposit will be given in the amount of 100 percent of the initial amount, but not higher than the amount prescribed by law of 1 million 400 thousand rubles.

Accordingly, in the case where the client has several accounts in one institution, and their total value is above 1.4 million rubles, compensation will be paid for each deposit account in proportion to its amount.

The insured event occurs in accordance with, from the moment the institution is deprived of the right to provide services. Since January 2004, the Deposit Insurance Agency has existed.

This organization guarantees the operation of the deposit account insurance system, returns funds if an insured event occurs, checks the insurance fund and controls its money.

How does the system of compulsory insurance of deposits of individuals work in Russian banks?

The insurance procedure is quite simple. The investor deposits funds into a banking organization and draws up a deposit agreement.

There is no need to conclude a separate agreement to obtain insurance - all technical aspects of cooperation with an investment insurance agency fall on the shoulders of the financial company you choose.

Every quarter, the bank pays an insurance premium to the deposit insurance agency in the amount of 0.1 percent of the size of the entire investment portfolio.

Based on this, insurance is paid not by clients, but by banking institutions themselves. All financial assets placed in the accounts of individuals, including those on debit plastic cards, are insured.

The exceptions are:

1. Money in personal accounts persons - individual entrepreneurs without education.
2. Bearer investments.
3. Financial assets given by an individual to a banking organization in a trust institution.
4. Electronic financial means.
5. Money placed in deposits abroad of the Russian Federation.

Insurance situation according to Art. Federal Law No. 177 is:

1. Revocation of the Central Bank of Russia or cancellation of the license of the banking organization in which you had a deposit.
2. Moratorium of the Central Bank of Russia on confirming requests from other lenders of the bank.

This result is likely during times of great financial difficulties for a banking organization, its absolute bankruptcy, or during an economic crisis.

How and in what amount can investors receive compensation for their deposits?

What is the amount of compensation (amount)

According to Russian legislation, depositors can count on a full return of money from the deposit in a situation if their deposit in one bank does not exceed 700 thousand rubles.

Therefore, if physical a person wants to deposit 2 million rubles in a bank, then they must be divided between three banks

Indeed, in this situation, the amount in the accounts of these organizations will not exceed the limit of 700 thousand rubles, and all investments will be insured.

In accordance with current laws, compensation is provided in the amount of 100 percent of the amount of deposits in the institution, but not higher than 1.4 million rubles.

Foreign currency investments will be recalculated based on the exchange rate of the Central Bank of Russia operating at the time of the occurrence of the insurance situation.

Accordingly, in a situation where the client has several deposit accounts in one banking organization, and their total size is above 1.4 million rubles, compensation will be paid for each investment in proportion to its value, but not higher than the insured amount.

When financial assets are placed in several banking organizations, the client can withdraw up to 1.4 million rubles from each of them.

Note that if the investor had more than the insured amount in his account, the client has the right to claim the remaining funds, but only during bankruptcy proceedings, when the property of the banking organization will be sold.

It should be remembered that when in the banking organization in respect of which the insured event occurred, you had not only a deposit account, but also a loan, the amount of compensation will be assigned based on the difference between the amount of the deposit account and your loan obligations.

Are foreign currency deposits insured?

According to the accepted banking system with all the provisions operating on the territory of the Russian Federation, foreign currency accounts, like ruble investments, take part in the insurance program.

The maximum amount of insurance that an investor can receive is no more than 400 thousand rubles.

When the banking organization with which the contract was concluded recognizes itself as bankrupt and is unable to pay the outstanding funds, the amount on deposit is automatically converted into national currency and is subject to subsequent payment.

When the amount in the account exceeds the established amount for the payment of funds to the depositor, the client stands in line and awaits payment from the established lender.

Latest changes in this matter

Despite the fact that back in 2016, the head of the government of the Russian Federation, Dmitry Medvedev, spoke about the absence of changes in the system of insurance of bank investments of private individuals, some innovations were nevertheless introduced.

In general, this process has been mandatory for all Russian banking organizations since 2003, when the corresponding legislative act began to work

Deposit insurance demonstrated its relevance during the crisis of 2008, when, as a result of the collapse of financial and credit companies, many citizens of the Russian Federation were left without their deposits and savings.

Who is obligated to pay

Insurance compensation for the deposit upon the occurrence of an insured situation is paid by the Deposit Insurance Agency.

The DIA pays the client an amount of money, which is determined based on the amount minus the requests of the banking organization (in particular, the amount of the depositor’s debt to the institution).

Compensation is paid in full for invoices whose total volume does not exceed 1,400,000 rubles.

Does it apply to plastic cards?

The bank deposit insurance system applies not only to investments, but also to the amounts that depositors keep in accounts or debit cards.

The main condition is that the financial organization be a participant in the deposit insurance system (you can view the list of participating banking companies on the official website of the Deposit Insurance Agency).

Insurance in the event of revocation of a financial institution's license is valid for amounts up to 1,400,000 rubles.

It is necessary to pay attention - in one banking organization you can have several programs in the bank (deposits, accounts, debit cards), but in order to receive insurance, their total amount (including interest) should not exceed 1,400,000 rubles.

To open a deposit, it is better to immediately choose a banking company that does not fall into the risk zone, but is included in the CER.

You need to collect all the data about the banking company before trusting it with your funds.

It is important to remember that if you want to deposit a large amount of funds into your account, then it is advisable to invest money in several banks.

After all, in this case, you can count on the return of the entire amount immediately upon the occurrence of an insured event.

APPLICATIONS AND CALLS ARE ACCEPTED 24/7 and 7 days a week.

A deposit insurance agency is a state corporation whose main task is to make payments when an insured event occurs. If it is necessary to be more precise, then it is his responsibility to quickly return money to citizens of the Russian Federation, owners of bank deposits in banks (for example, in) that have ceased operations.

Insurance of deposits of individuals in banks of the Russian Federation 2018 changes

Recently, there have been many (and various) rumors hinting that changes are coming in the work of the DIA (Deposit Insurance Agency). The news indicated that the amount that would be returned (guaranteed) to the owners of bank deposits would increase, but these expectations did not come true, since the Russian Federation is not doing so well now, for example, the same Agency owes the Central Bank of the Russian Federation a large amount. Therefore, there will be changes, but they will not affect individuals.

The official website of the DIA indicated that each bank participating in the DIS (deposit insurance system), if it remains interested in insurance, will pay a higher percentage for the opportunity to attract money from individuals. Such a decision will ensure the return to the Russian Federation of a large loan that the Deposit Insurance Agency took out when the license was taken away from many banking institutions and the DIA had a cash deficit. The official website of the DIA does not report any other innovations.

Law on deposit insurance in Russia

Federal Law No. 121-FZ establishes the right of individuals to receive guarantees from the Russian Federation if they have deposits in banking institutions. It has been in force since 2004 and according to it the Agency has fulfilled its function almost 400 times. All cases were similar: a bank became insolvent. The law specifies that individual depositors must have guarantees for the return of the amount of funds established by the state. Moreover, the system is designed in such a way that individuals do not have any need to contact their bankrupt bank. All relations with the creditor who is awaiting liquidation are taken over by the Agency, which makes the work of citizens easier - this is what the official website of the DIA indicates.

The amount of insurance of individual deposits in Russian banks in 2018

As of today, the amount that the Agency will pay is 1.4 million rubles. It will not change, since the DIA and the entire insurance system, saving the deposits of individuals in 2015, created problems for themselves in the form of a lack of funds. Next, we had to take out a loan from the Central Bank, which is now impossible to repay, so in 2018 there is no question that the insurance system will change the terms and conditions of payments.

List of banks included in the deposit insurance system

If a person wants to open a deposit, then he should not wonder which financial institutions are included in the system that reimburses funds, or look for a list of them. Since the relevant federal law specifies that every bank that wants to attract money from individuals must pay contributions to a specialized fund. That is, the Russian system, the main task of which is to protect the money of individuals, without any legal subtleties guarantees to the population that the banks that take money from citizens pay contributions to the insurance fund.

This means that the Agency will pay the due amount, as required by law, the official website reports. Therefore, the depositor does not have to worry about whether his bank is a participant in the system and it does not matter where the person wants to open a deposit in St. Petersburg or whether his place of residence is Moscow, Tomsk, Ryazan, or another city. But, if you want to make sure, you can look at the official Internet resource that the Agency has, there is information about all the banks that the system has accepted as members.

Deposit Insurance Agency official website

The Russian specialized Agency posts all important information on its official website. There you will find the following:

— when and where to go to get your lost savings back;

- what amount is due to be paid;

— a list of creditors whom the system that guarantees payments has accepted as members.

There is also legal information and everything else necessary, for example, vacancies, address of the organization, how to write an application, in what currency funds are paid. The official portal of the corporation reports that the last time it was necessary to carry out its duties was when insured events occurred with Rinvestbank and Arksbank, which are part of the system.

Deposits in VTB 24 for individuals in 2018 in rubles

More than three hundred Russian banks are currently in the process of liquidation - such data was published in November. Almost each of these credit institutions attracted deposits from individuals and individual entrepreneurs. The deposit insurance system in place in the Russian Federation since 2004 made it possible to return a total of 1.7 trillion rubles to depositors. This state program not only provides protection against possible loss of funds, but also significantly increases the population’s confidence in banking structures and the savings institution as a whole. What is the deposit insurance system (DIS) and how is it organized?

The deposit insurance system in the Russian Federation is based on the fact that the state, in the event of a bank’s bankruptcy or revocation of its license, guarantees a quick return to individual clients and individual entrepreneurs of deposit amounts of up to 1.4 million rubles. According to the Association of Russian Banks, in the first half of 2017, the average deposit of a resident of the country was 163.1 thousand rubles, the share of deposits less than 1.4 million rubles is approaching 60%. Consequently, most of the population’s savings fall under the parameters of the deposit insurance system (DIS).

How relevant the CER is can be judged by the fact that during its validity more than 3.6 million depositors took advantage of the opportunity to receive compensation. In total, during this period, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation revoked the licenses of over 400 banks (the full list can be viewed here: https://www.asv.org.ru/insurance/insurance_cases/). In 2017, 45 credit institutions ceased operations, including members of the TOP-30 Russian banks (for example, Yugra).

The maximum amount of compensation for deposits in closed banks has increased 14 times since the beginning of the program. From 2004 to 2008 it was 100 thousand rubles, then increased to 700 thousand. Since the end of 2014, this figure has been at the level of 1.4 million rubles.

History of changes in the amount of insurance compensation:

• from January 2004 to August 9, 2006 - 100 thousand rubles;
• from August 10, 2006 to March 25, 2007 - 190 thousand rubles;
• from March 26, 2007 to October 1, 2008 - 400 thousand rubles;
• from October 2, 2008 to December 28, 2014 - 700 thousand rubles;
• from December 29, 2014 to the present - 1.4 million rubles.

Life story

I “got in” back in the early 2010s with the Holding-Credit bank, where I kept a decent amount. It simply evaporated, and the depositor base was restored literally piece by piece, from individual surviving files. Fortunately, I was included in one of the files, and the procedure went without a hitch. 4 days after the announcement of the start of payments, I came to the Sberbank branch near Gorbushka and turned to the first employee I came across. He invited a special manager, who took me to a special window, where I signed an application and almost immediately received the deposit itself (fortunately it was 370 thousand, less than the maximum) and interest. Finally they said: “THEY don’t owe you anything anymore.”.

Deposit Insurance Agency (DIA): what is it and why was it created?

The Deposit Insurance Agency (DIA) is a state organization created within the framework of the law “On insurance of deposits of individuals in banks of the Russian Federation”. The DIA's tasks include monitoring banks' contributions to a special fund from which payments are made to depositors affected by bankruptcy or revocation of a bank's license.

Since the deposit insurance system is a special government program, a corporation with 100% government participation was created in 2004 to implement it. The Deposit Insurance Agency (DIA) acts as a liquidator and bankruptcy manager of banks with revoked licenses, and most importantly, manages the compulsory deposit insurance fund, from which compensation is paid to depositors.

The volume of the fund as of October 1, 2017 was about 40 billion rubles. However, this figure in itself doesn’t say much: the process of returning deposits from closed banks occurs constantly; this year alone, the DIA attracted over 600 billion rubles as loans from. The repayment of these loans occurs due to the influx of contributions into the fund from Russian banks within the framework of the deposit insurance system.

The Agency invests available funds primarily in government securities and deposits of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation; investing insurance fund money in bank shares is prohibited by law.

The Board of Directors of the DIA is headed by the Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation; this body includes six other members of the country's government, as well as five representatives of the Central Bank, which emphasizes the official status of the Agency and its reliability, ensured by public funds.

The safety of the deposit in the event of a bank collapse is guaranteed by Federal Law No. 177-FZ “On the insurance of deposits of individuals in banks of the Russian Federation.”

Currently, the insurance system covers two categories of depositors: individuals and individual entrepreneurs.

The CER scheme is very similar to the algorithm of any compulsory insurance, only the role of insurers here is not citizens, but banks. Credit institutions pay a share of the funds raised to the Deposit Insurance Agency. From this money, the DIA forms an insurance fund, which is then spent on compensation to depositors of banks with a revoked license.

Current rates of bank contributions to the deposit insurance system

There are only two insurance cases in which the DIA compensates the deposit:

1 Revocation or cancellation of a bank license by the Central Bank. Occurs if signs of insolvency (impending bankruptcy) or violation of the requirements of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation are detected. Voluntary liquidation of a bank by its owners is not covered by the deposit insurance system - simply because the owners of the bank can make a decision to close only after full settlement with all creditors, including depositors.

If the owners decide to simply lock the office doors and go abroad, the bank will be liquidated by decision of the Central Bank - with the revocation of the license and compensation to customers under the deposit insurance system.

2 Moratorium. Prohibition of satisfying the claims of bank creditors (imposed by the Bank of Russia). A moratorium is introduced when the bank itself commits a delay to its creditors due to a lack of funds in its accounts.

Example: banks, in order to issue loans to individuals, themselves borrow money at a lower interest rate from other banks and organizations.

The essence of this measure is that the Central Bank suspends for 3 months any bank payments (payments on deposits, writs of execution, fines, penalties, etc.) except for current expenses (staff salaries, social benefits, utility and other business payments).

During this period, the Central Bank checks the work of the credit institution and decides whether to revoke its license. Two weeks after the introduction of the moratorium and before its end, you can contact the DIA with an application for compensation of the deposit. In the entire history of the Agency, a moratorium was introduced only twice: at Vneshprombank and Nota Bank in 2015.

Central Bank of the Russian Federation

If a bank’s license is revoked, the depositor can get back the invested amount (no more than 1.4 million rubles) without waiting for the credit institution’s procedure. The first payments are made 14 days after the announcement of the revocation of the license (if the register of depositors is in order and submitted to the DIA on time).

The deposit insurance agency works, as a rule, through agent banks; there are sixty-two of them in the DIA register. These are leading banks with state participation (for example, payments to clients of Yugra Bank were carried out by VTB24), as well as large private credit organizations (Alfa Bank, B&N Bank and others).

This was done to improve accessibility: agent bank branches, as a rule, are located in all major cities; it is easier for depositors to go there rather than send documents by mail to the DIA.

The legislation does not provide for any priority when paying compensation: two weeks after the license is revoked, any depositor (both an individual and an individual entrepreneur) can contact the agent bank - the main thing is that information about him is in the register of depositors of the bank whose license was revoked . More details about cases when information about the investor is not in the register and what to do in such situations are discussed at the end of this article.

The procedure for returning a deposit is simplified as much as possible: the depositor contacts the agent bank with a minimum number of documents. If everything is in order, the individual is transferred to the account specified by him or given in cash at the bank’s cash desk. For an individual entrepreneur, the returned funds are transferred to an account in any bank (it is most profitable to open an account with an agent bank - you do not have to pay a commission).

The revocation of a license, after which the bank ceases to operate, must be distinguished from reorganization (financial recovery). In the second case, a temporary administration is introduced in the bank, the owner may change and there will be a stir in the media, but nothing changes for the depositor - work with deposits proceeds as usual, the money can be withdrawn in full if desired. Typically, rehabilitation is used in two cases:

• The bank is important for the state of the country's economy, and its closure may lead to negative macroeconomic consequences;
• The deterioration in liquidity is temporary and is associated with panic among depositors, and not with a real financial “hole” in the bank’s capital.

In 2017, the Central Bank sanitized two credit organizations from the TOP-10 - Otkritie banks and B&N Bank.

Which banks are included in the deposit insurance system?

According to the DIA as of November 13, 2017, the deposit insurance system includes 476 operating Russian banks, which contain over 24 trillion rubles of deposits of individuals and individual entrepreneurs.

The law obliges all credit institutions that accept deposits from the public to participate in the CER. To have the right to display the “Deposits are insured” banner on their website, banks must meet several requirements:

• Reliable reporting (according to the standards of the Central Bank), errors and inaccuracies should not affect the assessment of the financial stability of the organization;
• Compliance with Central Bank standards on reserves, capital, etc.;
• The financial stability of the bank was recognized by the Central Bank as sufficient (primarily in terms of liquidity, quality of risk management and other similar parameters);
• Timely provision of information about persons under whose control the bank is located.
• Timely correction of identified violations.

Not all banks meet these requirements. 4 credit organizations are now deprived of the right to attract funds from the public. Thus, the Central Bank points out to banks the problems with accounting for deposits and the suspicion of maintaining “notebook” accounts, when money is taken from depositors, but not recorded according to documents.

After the prohibition of attracting new deposits, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation begins to check for the presence of off-balance sheet accounts - for example, about 800 depositors were identified at Miko-Bank, whose money (828 million rubles) did not pass through the bank’s balance sheet and was lost in an unknown direction. As a rule, restrictions on accepting deposits result in the revocation of the license.

There are several ways to check if your bank is a member of the CER. The easiest thing is to look on the website of the Deposit Insurance Agency (section “Participating Banks”, sorted alphabetically: https://www.asv.org.ru/insurance/banks_list/). You can also clarify the information you are interested in by calling the toll-free hotline : 8 800 200-08-05.

A special sign developed by the DIA is posted on the Internet resources of banks included in the deposit insurance system. This sign is also placed on glass at cash desks and at bank tellers.

How to return a deposit if the bank’s license has been revoked

Only the Central Bank terminates the activities of a credit institution. The reimbursement process starts immediately after the bank's license is revoked.

Within a week from the date of receipt of the register of debt to depositors, the Deposit Insurance Agency sends a message to the “Bulletin of the Bank of Russia” and the official city newspaper at the location of the bank.

The text indicates the place, time, form and procedure for accepting applications for payment of compensation for deposits. Similar information is posted on the websites of the Agency and the bank itself. Then, within 30 days, the same messages are sent to depositors by mail.

Most often, depositors learn about the revocation of their bank’s license from the media; this is usually always talked about in the news on central channels, written on major news sites and portals, such as Yandex, Mail, etc.

Finally, if you go to the bank and the office is suspiciously closed during the middle of the working day, here is what you should do:

1 Go to the DIA website and then either call the hotline 8 800 200-08-05, or enter the name of your bank in the search bar. If it turns out that the bank’s license has been revoked, then find out which bank has been appointed as the DIA agent for compensation payments. This data is posted on the Deposit Insurance Agency website, or you can ask a hotline specialist.

2 14 days after the announcement of the revocation of the bank’s license (its date is indicated on the Agency’s website), the depositor, his representative or heir writes an application in the DIA form. The form can be downloaded on the Agency’s website (https://www.asv.org.ru/insurance/, section “Document Forms”) or filled out at the agent bank. There is no need to rush, but you need to be in time before the end of the bank bankruptcy procedure (this date will be announced on the websites of the DIA and the closed credit institution). If the investor or his heir “blundered”, the term can be restored by proving that the applicant was prevented by force majeure circumstances, military service or serious illness.

3 Documents are attached to the application. A passport is enough for the investor; the representative also brings a notarized power of attorney. If the depositor is a minor, parents or guardians provide his birth certificate. Adoptive parents are required to have an adoption document, and guardians, respectively, are required to establish guardianship. If it is not possible to submit documents in person to the agent bank, they can be sent by registered mail with notification.

4 By law, the agent bank must consider the depositor’s application no later than the end of the next business day (if the register of depositors has already been received by the bank from the DIA). If the amount of compensation is small, immediately after receiving the application it is paid through the cashier (the limit depends on the rules of the agent bank - in some cases they can pay a million, but most often the amount is limited to one or two hundred thousand rubles). Otherwise, the depositor will be asked to come the next day, the required amount will be prepared. If in the application the depositor wished to receive money by bank transfer, the agent bank is given three working days to do this.

5 Along with the money, the client is given a certificate stating how much has been paid/transferred. This document is especially important if your deposit exceeds 1.4 million, and you plan to make claims against the deprived bank in the future.

If compensation for the deposit for some reason (not related to the refusal to the client) is not paid on time, the depositor has the right to go to court. You can request the following:

• penalty;
• compensation for moral damage;
• payment of interest for the use of other people's money from the first day of delay.

Life story

I had a deposit of 200 thousand rubles in the ever-memorable Bank-T. I knew that the bank was terrible, but it offered interest rates that were irresistible (about 12.5%, very steep even at that time). Time passed, I withdrew the interest onto my card. And then I saw in Yandex that the bank’s license had been revoked. I went to the DIA website - in the first line of the news there was a message about the time frame within which an agent bank would be appointed. I waited a few days, went to the site again - Sberbank was chosen as the agent bank. Deposits were not paid out everywhere; the list of branches was also posted on the DIA website. In the branch that was closest to me, the return of deposits was handled by the department that served Sber VIP clients. But there was a line there too—not of scandalous grannies, but there was a line. The first time I came just to ask. They said that you don’t need anything other than a passport. It is used to check the status of accounts. They immediately found me in the register, signed a statement drawn up by the manager - and that’s it, I can go to the cashier. I didn’t go to the cashier because I had an account with Sberbank and asked to transfer money to it. The translation arrived instantly. What was pleasantly surprising was that they even reimbursed the interest for the last month of service. Bank-T paid interest on the last day of the month, but it did not finish until November 30th. I thought that I would not receive anything for November, or at most at the “on demand” rate, but they paid at the usual rate - another 1,700 rubles and a few kopecks in addition to the body of the deposit.

DIA office in Moscow at the address: Vysotskogo Street, 4

FAQ

Are all types of bank deposits insured?

No, not all. The law establishes a clear list of deposits for which the state guarantees compensation:

• on demand and urgent;
• on salary, pension and scholarship bank accounts;
• on individual entrepreneurs’ accounts (in banks deprived of their license after January 1, 2014).
• on accounts owned by guardians and trustees, but opened for minors or incompetent persons (in banks whose license was revoked after December 23, 2014).
• on special accounts (escrow) opened by individuals for settlements on real estate transactions (in banks that remained without a license after April 2, 2015).

Here are some banking products that are not included in the deposit insurance system:

• Funds held on deposits of lawyers, notaries, etc., if these accounts are opened for professional activities.
• Deposits of individuals are payable to bearer.
• Funds transferred by individuals to banks for trust management.
• Deposits opened in branches of Russian banks outside the Russian Federation (the CER does not apply to foreign countries).
• Deposits in electronic money.
• Funds in nominal and escrow accounts (other than those mentioned above).
• Funds in unallocated metal accounts.

Is interest on the deposit insured?

Yes, they are insured, but only if they were added to the principal amount of the deposit before the start of the bankruptcy procedure. Let's look at some examples for better understanding:

Example #1

You placed 100,000 rubles on a deposit for a period of one year and accrual of interest at the end of the term. Let’s say that six months after the conclusion of the agreement, the bank’s license was revoked. Since your money did not stay on deposit for a year, it means that interest was not accrued to you, which means it is not subject to insurance.

Example #2

You placed the same 100,000 rubles on the deposit, for a period of one year and interest accrued at the end of each month. Six months later, the bank’s license was revoked. In this case, you will receive your deposit + interest for six months, since they were accrued and due to the deposit amount every month.

Are debit card accounts included in the deposit insurance system?

Deposit insurance applies to debit card accounts; the compensation procedure for them is the same as for other types of deposits. The exception is prepaid bank cards. Money on them is not insured.

Life story

At one time I had a Svyaznoybank plastic card, I kept it for myself, and on it was a “rainy day” amount of 15 thousand rubles. One day, right before the New Year, I heard on the radio that the bank had closed a month ago. At first I decided that the “stash” was gone forever, but still I went online to look for clues. On the bank's website there was an instruction to apply for payments to Sberbank - with a passport. Knowing our bureaucracy, I took with me all the documents - the original and copies of the agreement with the bank and much more. And at the same time, the account number of another card to transfer money there if everything goes well. The Sberbank branch that I needed to contact was on the other side of the city, but I went there in good faith, thinking that the nearest office was unlikely to help me. They accepted me within 10 minutes. The employee took the passport and filled out the application herself. I signed. The employee herself went to the cashier with the check and brought me my 15 thousand. The whole thing took exactly 20 minutes.

When can payment be refused?

There are only three reasons why you will not be reimbursed for your deposit:

• The register does not contain information about you as a depositor.
• You provided incorrectly completed documents or did not provide any paper.
• The agent bank did not receive the register of depositors from the DIA.

The agent bank is obliged to provide you with a written explanation of the refusal to pay insurance compensation.

Life story

We spent a long time choosing a bank to place money there, which we planned to later spend on buying an apartment, but for now earn money on interest. Deposit insurance was one of the main conditions. We live in Samara, and it seemed most convenient to open a deposit in the Volga-Kama Bank. From time to time they came, topped up, took statements - everything was as usual. And then there was a rumor that the bank was in trouble. We just had to make a contribution to buy an apartment, we got alarmed and ran to the bank. There was a kilometer-long line, of course, they didn’t see the money, but they almost forcibly knocked out a bank statement with account balances with a bank mark. And they calmed down. We waited for the “letter of happiness” from the DIA - and fell into shock. We are not on the registry! But we have an extract! We wrote a counter statement to the Agency, attached a copy, and are waiting for a decision. A reply came from the DIA: you are not on the register. They didn’t even look at the extract! If it weren’t for the State Duma deputy and the prosecutor’s office, we wouldn’t have gotten anything. As a result, they were paid only after 6 months.

What to do if you are not on the register of investors?

The reason for such an unpleasant situation may be the negligence of bank employees (documents on some of the depositors are lost or destroyed, employees are fired, there is nowhere to look for ends) or the so-called “off-balance sheet deposits” - when money was taken from depositors, but not carried out according to the documents, giving clients fake pieces of paper. As a result, you have an agreement in your hands, but there is no information in the bank that you made a deposit. Accordingly, when you contact the agent bank for compensation, you will receive a refusal. This was experienced, for example, by depositors of Crossinvestbank, Miko-Bank, and Stella Bank, where the number of “notebook” deposits was close to 100%.

The DIA sees two solutions to this issue. Sometimes the Agency recommends that depositors immediately go to court to demand reinstatement in the register. A claim against a bank whose license has been revoked must be filed only after receiving a refusal from the DIA. Much depends on the quality of the statement of claim; it should not be formulaic.

Please note: for the court, you are not a depositor who has suffered from fraud, but a person who is going to prove that he had a deposit in this bank. This means that the more convincing your evidence is - in the form of original documents, witness statements, and so on - the greater the chances.

If the client is in the register, but the deposit amount does not correspond to the real one, the DIA asks, along with a statement of disagreement with the payment amount, to provide the original documents for the deposit (agreement, orders, etc.) directly to the Agency (for example, send by mail). The review may take up to two months. The disadvantage of this scheme is the need to part with the original documents. This means that you will no longer be able to go to court.

What should I do if I do not agree with the refund amount?

There are two options.

1. Submit documents to the DIA to support your claims. The agency will forward these papers to the bank. There, within 10 days from the date of receipt, they must consider your arguments and either make changes to the register of investors or refuse.
2. File a claim to establish the amount of payments in court.

Life story

I had to deal with the DIA twice. The first time when Investtrustbank’s license was revoked, everything went well, the money was quickly returned. And for the second time we had to protest the operating procedure of the deposit insurance system. We transferred more than a million rubles to Yugra Bank in the summer of 2017 - just at the moment its license was revoked. It turned out that part of the money was gone before the announcement of the insured event, and the second part (large) – right on the day of this announcement. Despite the fact that clause 5 of Article 11 of the Law “On Insurance of Individuals’ Deposits in Banks of the Russian Federation” states that the amount of compensation for deposits is calculated based on the balance of funds on the deposit at the end of the day the insured event occurs, the DIA takes the beginning of this as the cutoff day. And, accordingly, he does not want to return part of the money. We wrote a statement of disagreement with the payment, 10 days are running out, we will have to go to court.

I have three deposits in one bank for a total of 3 million rubles, but each of the deposits is less than 1.4 million. Will I get my full amount back if the bank goes bankrupt?

According to the law on deposit insurance, if you have several deposits in one bank, they will reimburse everything - but the total amount cannot exceed the same 1,400,000 rubles; the rest can be tried to be recovered directly from the bank whose license has been revoked. But deposits in several banks simultaneously deprived of licenses will be reimbursed 1.4 million for each closed institution.

Conclusion

Let's repeat the most important thoughts on deposit insurance:

• The deposit insurance system applies only to individuals and individual entrepreneurs. In this case, the money of legal entities is not insured.
• The DIA only insures bank deposits. If you see an advertisement for any financial instrument (forex, stocks, pamm accounts, mutual funds, etc.) that says that the funds you deposit are insured, then know that you are being deceived. This is a marketing trick that is often used to cover up financial pyramids and HYIPs.
• Debit cards are subject to insurance, which means you can safely open cards with interest accrued on the balance.
• Choose a bank where deposits are insured by the DIA.
• Do not place more than 1.4 million rubles. in one bank per individual.
• If you need to place an amount greater than 1.4 million rubles, then break the amount into parts, no more than 1.4 million rubles. and keep them in different banks, or open deposits for your relatives if the bank offers good rates.
• If you are making a deposit, always ask for supporting documents from the bank, especially for deposits opened via the Internet. Keep all documents related to your deposit - agreement, checks for depositing money, etc., in case your data is suddenly not in the register.

Video for dessert: Creative street clocks in Tokyo

Sooner or later, everyone has a question about how to store their savings. The most common way to invest funds today is to place them in deposit accounts of commercial banks. This protects savings from the harmful effects of inflation and generates a small income. But many citizens lost confidence in the banking system during the years of economic instability.

What should you do if the bank you are a client of has declared financial difficulties? Should we worry whether there is salvation in such a situation?

Deposit insurance for individuals is a system for protecting the population's funds in the event of bank failure or deprivation of its license. In this way, the state guarantees the financial security of ordinary citizens. Banks also receive their bonuses - insurance of deposits of individuals significantly increases customer confidence.

Purposes of insurance

Similar systems exist in many countries around the world. Deposit insurance appeared in Russia in 2003. For what purposes was it introduced?

1. Stabilization of the state's financial system.
2. Reducing risks associated with banking operations.
3. Prevention of worsening financial crises.
4. Maintaining public confidence in the banking sector.

Agency

Deposit insurance is regulated by federal law. The Deposit Insurance Agency monitors the activities of banking institutions and protects the interests of depositors. The responsibilities of the corporation include maintaining a register of banks, collecting insurance premiums, recording depositors and paying compensation, maintaining and increasing the insurance fund by investing free funds. The activities of the Deposit Insurance Agency are controlled by the state. Due to the fact that the Agency is the only organization providing deposit insurance, the law clearly regulates its activities.

Where does the corporation get money for reimbursements? Funds are accumulated in the fund's accounts and come from several sources:

1. Commercial banks participating in the insurance program pay insurance premiums quarterly.
2. The agency actively increases and invests the funds received.
3. Part of the financial resources forming the insurance fund was received directly from the state.

Object of insurance

The legislation does not require the conclusion of additional contracts for deposit insurance. All citizen deposits eligible for the government program are considered insured. Thus, the objects of insurance are personal deposits of citizens, salary accounts and personal savings certificates.

There are groups of funds that are not included in compulsory insurance of deposits in banks:

Interest

Insurance of deposits of individuals raises many questions among ordinary citizens.
The most common of these concerns whether the insurance covers interest on deposits, that is, whether the amount of capitalized interest is the object of insurance.

When calculating the insurance compensation, interest is taken into account, which is added to the principal amount of the deposit account; this is reflected in the banking agreement. In this case, only those interests accrued at the time of termination of the bank's activities are taken into account. If the depositor withdrew interest, it will not be taken into account when determining the amount of insurance compensation.

Insurance case

Bank clients do not always know in which case they may need a service such as deposit insurance. The law clearly defines the concept of an insured event. This is a revocation of the license to operate from the bank where the deposit is placed. The Bank of Russia can deprive an institution of its license, for example, due to unsatisfactory financial condition (bankruptcy). The introduction of a moratorium on satisfying the claims of bank creditors is also recognized as an insured event. In this case, the Deposit Insurance Agency becomes obligated to make insurance payments.

Maximum amount of compensation

Deposit insurance is an effective system for increasing the volume of deposit transactions. When the bank is closed, deposits are reimbursed in full with any interest due, but in a total amount not exceeding 1,400,000 rubles. If a depositor has several deposits in a bankrupt bank, then payments on them are summed up, but cannot exceed 1,400,000 rubles.

If insured events occurred in several banks, then the depositor has the right to compensation of deposits in full for each bank (in other words, having 2 million rubles in bank A and 2 million in bank B, we will receive 1.4 million payments for each bank in individually, i.e. 2.8 million in total). Obviously, it is safer to store savings in different institutions.

The amount of payment is calculated based on the end of the day the insured event occurred. The amount of compensation in foreign currency is paid in rubles at the exchange rate on the day the insured event occurred.

Deposit insurance does not always provide full reimbursement. If the deposit amount exceeds the maximum possible insurance payment, then after the bank goes through bankruptcy proceedings, the depositor (as a first-priority creditor) will receive compensation for the rest of the deposit. This may take a long time, from six months. Speed ​​is another advantage of deposit insurance.

Procedure for applying for payment

Why is deposit insurance becoming increasingly widespread in world practice? The payment system for this type of insurance is simple and significantly strengthens confidence in national banks. Traditionally, investors and their heirs have the right to compensation. The right to payment cannot be acquired in any other way.

The depositor can apply for payment from the date of the insured event. The deadline is the day of completion of bankruptcy proceedings or the end of the moratorium.

The procedure for applying for payment is strictly regulated by law. Insurance of deposits of individuals is terminated if the depositor misses the application deadline. In this case, he may apply to the Agency with a request to extend this period. Reinstatement of the term is possible if:

• the application was prevented by force majeure or an emergency;
• the investor served in military service;
• the absence was due to a serious health condition or the period of inheritance.

When applying you must provide:

1. Application written according to the sample provided by the Agency.
2. Passport or other identification document.
3. Documents confirming the right to inheritance for heirs and a power of attorney for representatives of the investor.

Payment procedure

Payments of insurance compensation are made by the Agency, as required by law. Insurance of deposits of individuals is entirely under its jurisdiction. After the occurrence of an insured event, the Agency informs depositors about the place, time and procedure for accepting applications for insurance compensation. After the depositor provides the necessary documents, payment is made within three days, but not earlier than 2 weeks from the date of the insured event.

If the depositor does not agree with the amount of the payment, the compensation can be appealed. After providing additional documents, the Agency will recalculate within 10 calendar days. After receiving the insurance compensation, the depositor receives a certificate of the amounts paid and sends it to the bank. Payments are made in rubles, in cash or to a bank account.

So now you know how deposit insurance works. The system of banking institutions is stabilized when using this financial instrument, and depositors' savings are under state protection.