Orthodox banker: what is known about the business of Anatoly Motylev. The owner of Rossiyskiy Kredit Anatoly Motylev can get away with it for the second time Anatoly Motylev where is he now wanted

Anatoly Motylev is guaranteed a place in Russian banking history. For the second time the state spends billions of rubles on settlements with its creditors. Moreover, the scheme that Motylev implemented is such that the "third coming" of the banker cannot be ruled out.

Let's give it a chance

On Monday, July 27, Tula Industrialist lost its license. This is the last surviving bank owned by Anatoly Motylev. Last Friday, Russian Credit, AMB-Bank and M-Bank fell under the knife of the Central Bank. "Tula industrialist" then escaped with the restriction of a number of operations, including work with private investors, and the introduction of a temporary administration.

However, over the weekend the Bank of Russia changed its mind. Or Motylev's Tula subordinates did not take advantage of the chance - or rather, they used it in a completely different way, as it seemed to the Central Bank. Either the anti-Motylev party on Neglinnaya won a final victory over the weekend, as evidenced by the complete refusal of any concessions to the offending banker.

However, in the case of Motylev, you can never say "never." In domestic banking history, it is difficult to find another banker who would be allowed to enter the same river more than once, namely, to replicate financial “know-how”, which has already caused the collapse and led to significant government spending.

In 2009, Vnesheconombank bought Globex Bank from Motylev and his partners for a symbolic 5,000 rubles. Due to the crisis, the financial institution included in the “tops” in terms of the amount of attracted private deposits was unable to fulfill its obligations. And the withdrawal of the license - precisely because of the significant number of investors - seemed too radical a step.

As a result, in addition to the mentioned symbolic amount, VEB paid 80 billion rubles to the former owners of Globex "for all assets related to construction and real estate" as part of the reorganization. Experts doubted the adequacy of the assessment of the relevant Motylev assets - Novinsky Passage, the Slava watch factory and a number of land plots in the Moscow region and regions. However, the new managers of Globex assured: "We have received a cleared balance sheet, which is no longer burdened by a complex loan portfolio, and now we can concentrate on the development of credit operations."

Photo: Ilyukhina Natalia / Photobank Lori

"Novinsky passage" has become the main monument to the financial enterprise of Anatoly Motylev.

It followed from this that VEB became generous not so much for the sake of Motylev, but for the sake of returning the "Globex" loans. By the end of the pre-crisis 2007, about half of the loans issued by Globex (the total loan portfolio at that time was 65.6 billion rubles) affected development projects to one degree or another. “Globex used the funds raised from the market to purchase real estate, the ultimate owners of which are the owners of the bank,” Dmitry Tulin, then deputy chairman of the Central Bank, wrote in a memo back in April 2005.

In other words, Motylev and his business partners should have simply returned the billions received from VEB to their former bank. Suppose that exceptionally unfavorable market conditions did not allow them to sell their property on their own in order to pay off Globex customers. Then another question arises. If Anatoly Motylev went to zero or even to negative because of the crisis, where did he get the funds to build a new financial empire in the autumn of 2009? Namely, at this time, the business press started talking about another Motylev asset - AMB-Bank, which until 2009 was called RBC-Bank and in whose new "name" one could, if desired, see the initials of the new owner.

Second coming

This "second coming" of Anatoly Motylev took place against the backdrop of a scandal caused by the publication in the Analytical Banking Journal of the Tulin article "The history of the Globex bank as a mirror of the problems of Russian banking supervision." By that time, Tulin had not worked for Neglinnaya for three years, and his former colleagues got no less from him than Motylev. Tulin's main claim to the ex-owner of Globex is the shameless "winding up" of capital. As Tulin argued, "Globex was tacitly considered a champion in the falsification of financial statements (up to 100 percent of capital)", and other market participants condemned him as violating the rules of decency in "creative accounting."

As follows from the Tulin article, the Central Bank showed rare complacency, and the inclusion of Globex in the deposit insurance system, which took place in December 2004, was almost a fatal mistake by the regulator, which increased the cost of the inevitable reorganization at times. At the same time, Tulin recalls, he was the only one in the leadership of the Central Bank who categorically opposed this decision:

“A hard conversation with Andrey Kozlov (First Deputy Chairman of the Central Bank, killed in September 2006 - approx. "Tapes.ru")… He looks at me, unhappy and lost, and says that we are faced with "objective limitations in the effectiveness of banking supervision", and I answered him that I no longer want to work in this mess. Ignatiev (Chairman of the Central Bank until June 2013 - approx. "Tapes.ru") is trying to calm me down. He says that nothing has been lost yet, we will be able to revoke the bank's license after accepting it into the deposit insurance system. He asks to continue working as usual and keep an eye on Globex.”

When Dmitry Tulin's article in Analytical Banking Journal was published, Andrey Kozlov had been dead for three years. And Gennady Melikyan - his successor as curator of the supervisory block of the Central Bank - called the publication "at least unethical." The proposals that Tulin speaks of “have been discussed for a long time, have both pluses and minuses that hinder their implementation,” Melikyan emphasized.

But a couple of years later - in August 2011 - this opponent of Tulin also left Neglinnaya. In banking circles, it was believed that the reason for Melikyan's resignation was just an ineffective supervisory policy, but the retiree himself denied this version.

At least Anatoly Motylev did not lose anything from the next personnel changes in the Central Bank. On the contrary, less than a year after Melikyan's departure, the former owner of Globex again, literally and figuratively, found a name. Motylev led the pool of investors who acquired a controlling stake in Rossiyskiy Kredit, one of the "star" banking brands of the mid-90s.

By the time the deal was concluded, little was left of the former financial power of Roscred. After the 1998 crisis, its owners, Bidzina Ivanishvili and Vitaly Malkin, transferred their main business to Impexbank (it was sold to Raiffeisenbank in 2005). And "Russian Credit" for four years - from 1999 to 2003 - came under the control of the Agency for the Restructuring of Credit Organizations (ARCO). After this "rehabilitation course" the bank did nothing but service Ivanishvili's still unsold companies - mainly development companies.

True, in August 2011 - by a funny coincidence, just a few days before the resignation of Gennady Melikyan - Roscred was accepted into the deposit insurance system. It is possible that this circumstance has become for Motylev no less important motive than the brand.

And Ivanishvili's intention to take part in the parliamentary elections in his native Georgia created a favorable political or, rather, geopolitical background. It would be extremely imprudent on the part of the Russian authorities to deprive a potential ally of the opportunity to quickly and profitably sell an asset that is not the most attractive.

Generous schemer

Anatoly Motylev and his partners paid more than $350 million for Russian Credit, providing Ivanishvili with an approximately 20 percent premium to the bank's capital. Boris Khait, president of the Spasskiye Vorota insurance group and one of the participants in the Motylev pool, assured Vedomosti back in the summer of 2013 that Roscred would turn into a diversified financial institution at the federal level.

Photo: Dmitry Korotaev / Kommersant

Bidzina Ivanishvili is far from the only one who appreciated Anatoly Motylev's generosity.

A twist of fate: Chait, the former co-owner of Most-Bank, another extinct "star" from the 90s, has now taken part in an attempt to reincarnate the last surviving brand of the "seven-banking" era.

Motylev's Roscred had one more intersection with Most. Motylev commissioned former central banker Pyotr Ushanov to manage the potential gem of his collection. And he, before in 2007 heading the department for analyzing the payment turnover and monitoring the payment system at the Central Bank, worked for several years as the head of temporary administrations in a number of problem banks. Including in "Most Bank".

Let's not guess what debt turned out to be red with this appointment. We only note that the son of the head of the State Insurance of the USSR, Leonid Motylev, was friendly in many corridors and made friends with many representatives of the Soviet “golden youth”, who later occupied significant, albeit non-public, positions in the Russian nomenclature.

While the nouveaux riches from the “seven bankers” were fighting for bread budget accounts, dividing up privatized enterprises and monetizing “proximity to the body”, Anatoly Motylev and his ilk, remaining in the shadows, quietly and imperceptibly overgrown with financial flows and connections.

And in theory, in the era of “equidistance of the oligarchs” and the subsequent triumph of state capitalism, such an absolutely non-politicized and, if you like, non-ambitious approach should have been even more in demand than before. After all, as one of the Russian bankers emphasizes, "no one paid such interest as Motylev paid." At the same time, the newly minted owner of Roscredit was as open as possible to cooperation, equally generous towards both private investors and corporate clients, and various “custodial” departments and officials. “Who will let their grandmothers be slaughtered?” - explains the interlocutor of "Lenta.ru".

Therefore, it is not surprising that the Motylev banks have worked for another six months since the main Motylev ill-wisher, Dmitry Tulin, returned to the Central Bank in January 2015, this time as first deputy chairman. Much more surprising is that Tulin still managed to take revenge on Motylev.

Retirement schemes

Apparently, the pension topic became fatal for the banker. Although quite recently it seemed that she, on the contrary, would become Motylev's main trump card. By September 2014, six non-state pension funds came under the direct or indirect control of Anatoly Motylev.

The purchase of NPFs took place against the backdrop of another moratorium on replenishing the funded part of the pension, so for the previous owners, pension assets have somewhat lost their former attractiveness. Why did Motylev and / or his partners need them - Andrei Kulikov, former vice president of Roscred, explained in an interview with Kommersant. According to the financier, we are talking about investing NPF funds in mortgage participation certificates (MIS) secured by development projects. The problem is that these were mainly projects of Roscred borrowers or, even worse, its owners.

The Central Bank could restrict Motylev's banks from working with individuals and did this even before Tulin's return. A year ago, Roscred lost the opportunity to service NPF accounts, because it was not included in the list of banks authorized to do so. The funds associated with Motylev did not fall into the system of guaranteeing pension savings, but it was almost impossible to completely cut off Motylev from pension money.

"Russian Credit" reminded customers of the "dashing nineties".

It is unlikely that Motylev's peak accidentally coincided with the sharp politicization of the pension topic. The shortage of resources, especially long-term ones, turns pension money almost into the only lifesaver along with the budget and national funds. And the sharp impoverishment of the treasury and the unwillingness of the authorities to cut social spending increases the likelihood of a new “accumulative” moratorium, as Deputy Prime Minister Olga Golodets periodically speaks about.

At the same time, Golodets dealt a very sensitive image blow to the participants in the pension industry, when at the end of June, on the sidelines of the St. Petersburg Economic Forum, she announced the use of NPFs to plug balance sheet "holes". No matter how generous Anatoly Motylev was, after such attacks, he, as the most odious "circuit engineer", was doomed. Motylev's "bonuses" and interest payments are still not an equivalent alternative to pension billions.

There is only one important nuance. According to the explanations of the Central Bank, “in case of impossibility of fulfilling obligations on the part of the NPF, as well as in the event of revocation of the license from the fund,” the regulator at its own expense compensates their clients for part of the losses, namely the amount of insurance savings contributions received from employers to the account of the insured, but without accounting for investment income that has been earned over the years of savings.

Who or what in such a development of events will stop the "third coming" of Motylev - one can only guess.

Anatoly Motylev

Russian Credit Bank" 46th "M Bank" Bank "Globex"

report MEDIA…

EDITORIAL. These are the sad reflections of our freelance writer. I wonder what you, dear readers and professionals of self-regulation, will say about the whole “Motylev epic”? We look forward to seeing your responses to this publication on our forum!

The offender of self-regulators, banker Anatoly Motylev, was arrested in absentia. SROs who suffered from it are excluded from the register absolutely realistically ...

There was information that the banker Anatoly Motylev arrested. Unfortunately, in absentia. You yourself understand that arrest in absentia is a very interesting measure: it seems to be arrested, but it seems not. However, the cases that Mr. Motylev has done, of course, are enough for a full-fledged arrest. Our volunteer Moscow expert reflects on this.

The brainchild of Anatoly Leonidovich - Russian Credit Bank" was one of the largest credit organizations in the Russian Federation. The bank occupied 46th in terms of assets. Together with him, other credit institutions were included in a single group, in particular, "M Bank". Earlier, during the first crisis, Mr. Motylev was the owner Bank "Globex". Then, for some unknown reason, the state did not declare this bank bankrupt, but took it for reorganization. And because the creditors at that moment managed to get out and get their money back.

However, this time, another Motylev brainchild, Russian Credit, was not bailed out by the Central Bank. As a result, the debt of "RK" amounted to 126 billion rubles. Among this amount, a significant part is the money of self-regulatory organizations of the most important industry in Russia.

There were many other banks that embezzled money from self-regulators. The method, of course, is banal. Traditional rollback. When money is taken from depositors and issued as a loan to their controlled commercial organizations. So to speak, irrevocable loans, without any security. And formally it turns out that the money was not stolen, that there is some kind of creditor. But this creditor, in fact, is a representative of the firm "Horns and Hooves", from which there is nothing to take.

And self-regulatory organizations, as a result, "bundles" now turn out to be insolvent, despite the fact that their insolvency lies in the fact that they cannot collect the so-called "historical compensation fund". At the same time, the banker arrested in absentia lives in clover in London, where he left immediately after the revocation of his banking license. Anatoly Leonidovich also filed documents to declare himself bankrupt, so that even all debts would be written off from him. Perhaps he will be put on the international wanted list, although this will not add money to self-regulatory organizations. Now they are from this - "neither cold nor hot." Even if Sir Motylev is arrested and extradited to Russia (which has almost never happened in the history of English courts), then, of course, you will not get any money from him. And self-regulators will be excluded from the register. Because, as they used to say in the Ministry of Construction, they are "swindlers or clumsy." While the real criminals continue to roam the Thames embankment. One feels like asking the age-old Russian question “How long?”.

Let me remind you that the Main Investigative Committee of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation is investigating a criminal case of fraud on an especially large scale, the central figure in which is the former owner of the banks Globex, Russian Credit and M Bank Anatoly Motylev. The investigation believes that the ex-banker issued a deliberately bad loan for 700 million, and then fled with the money.
The former banker was put on the federal wanted list this spring, and his property in Russia was arrested - in order to somehow compensate for the damage. However, the Deposit Insurance Agency has already calculated: even if you sell all of Sir Motylev's Russian assets (several apartments and land plots in the Odintsovo district of the Moscow region), this will not be enough even for a fifth of the damage caused to legal entities and individuals. But Anatoly Leonidovich, who claims that he is not guilty, is also trying to sue this property back. Remotely, from London. And the appellate instance of the Moscow City Court even partially satisfied his claim,

As it became known to Kommersant, the Basmanny District Court of Moscow arrested Russian property and assets of ex-banker Anatoly Motylev living abroad. This was done as part of the investigation of a criminal case on fraud on an especially large scale, which is being conducted by the ICR. Mr. Motylev personally appealed against the court sanctions, and the appellate instance of the Moscow City Court met him halfway, removing the arrest from a small part of the financier's property. Meanwhile, the hole in the capital of the collapsed banks of Anatoly Motylev exceeds 75 billion rubles.

Sanctions for searches and seizures in apartments and houses owned by the former owner of Rossiyskiy Kredit Bank Anatoly Motylev were issued by the Basmanny District Court of Moscow back in February and March 2016. This happened, according to Kommersant, within the framework of the criminal case initiated in December last year by the TFR on “fraud on an especially large scale” (part 4 of article 159 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), in which, among others, Mr. Motylev was also a defendant. The Investigative Committee of Russia (TFR) could neither confirm nor deny the very fact of such an investigation. However, according to Kommersant sources close to the investigation, the criminal case is about fraud with 1.25 billion rubles. in one of the financial structures controlled, according to the TFR, by Anatoly Motylev - Mosstroyekonombank (M-bank). Investigators believe that these funds were transferred from the accounts of real companies in M-Bank to shell companies, cashed out and stolen. According to the investigation, the withdrawal of assets from M-Bank, as stated in the case file, was carried out in the interests of the “ultimate owner”, as well as some persons not identified by the TFR.

The investigation did not have the opportunity to interrogate Anatoly Motylev, since the ex-banker had long since moved abroad. According to some reports, he settled in London.

Meanwhile, as a source told Kommersant, after searches on all Russian property and assets of Anatoly Motylev, and these are several apartments and land plots in the Odintsovo district of the Moscow region, the Basmanny District Court, in order to pay off possible damage, at the request of the investigation, seized. On Monday, the Moscow City Court considered Mr. Motylev's complaint against the decisions of the court of first instance. She was only partially satisfied - only a few positions were excluded from a very impressive arrest list.

It should be noted that formally Anatoly Motylev was the beneficiary of only Russian Credit Bank (included in the top 50), but behind the scenes on the market he was also considered the main owner of three more banks - Tula Industrialist, AMB-bank and the same M-bank. The revocation of licenses from these credit institutions in July last year was at that time the largest insured event in the history of the Deposit Insurance Agency, since the volume of deposits of these banks amounted to almost 80 billion rubles. The hole in their capital, according to the provisional administration, amounted to 75.7 billion rubles, which also became a record at that time after the largest bankruptcies of Mezhprombank (30.9 billion rubles), SB-Bank (39.1 billion rubles) and Investment Bank (30.2 billion rubles). Later, in August 2015, the Central Bank canceled the licenses of seven pension funds of Anatoly Motylev. NPF “Solntse. A life. Pension”, “Sunny Time”, “Adekta-Pension”, “Uraloboronzavodsky”, “Protection of the Future”, “Sunny Beach Savings Fund” and “Savings”. They managed about 60 billion rubles. citizens' pensions. The total assets of the funds exceeded 50 billion rubles, while 35 billion rubles. accounted for illiquid assets. Theoretically, a financial empire of this magnitude could claim financial recovery, but in the case of Anatoly Motylev, this became ideologically impossible. In 2008, the state had already had to sanitize its previous bank, Globex, whose rescue cost about $5 billion.

However, the statements sent by the Central Bank for the first time, in August last year, to the TFR and the Ministry of Internal Affairs about the presence in the actions of the management of this bank, as well as signs of crimes committed with it in the same group of credit institutions, under Part 4 of Art. 159 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as well as Art. 160 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (misappropriation or embezzlement), Art. 201 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (abuse of authority) and Art. 196 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (deliberate bankruptcy) then did not give a result. In November 2015, the police, after a pre-investigation check, issued a decision not to open a criminal case. However, as it now turns out, after the intervention of the leadership of the TFR, the materials of the Central Bank were put into action. It was not possible to get comments from Anatoly Motylev and his representatives of Kommersant on Monday. It is only known that the complaint was filed on behalf of the ex-banker himself, and not his defense, as is usually the case in such cases.

What is the assessment of the investments of NPF Anatoly Motylev

As follows from the appendix to the assessment of the Deposit Insurance Agency published in February, funds from the sale of the main asset - land plots in the Odintsovo district - are unlikely to be enough to cover even a fifth of the Central Bank's expenses for payments to insured citizens

Why is Anatoly Motylev famous?

Motylev Anatoly Leonidovich was born on August 11, 1966 in Moscow in the family of financier Leonid Motylev, who from 1973 to 1986 headed Gosstrakh. He graduated from the Moscow Financial Institute, from 1987 to 1990 he taught at this university. Candidate of Economic Sciences, the topic of the dissertation is "The insurance market of Great Britain and the system of its state regulation".

From 1990 to 1995, he worked at Gosstrakh and Rosgosstrakh OJSC, which replaced it, where he was deputy chairman and vice president. In 1992, he became a co-founder and later - the main owner of Globex Bank, in which until 1996 he was chairman of the board of directors, and from 1996 to 2009 - president. In 1996, Anatoly Motylev was detained on suspicion of illegally debiting Rosgosstrakh funds from an account at Globex, but he was not charged.

At the end of 2008, after a massive outflow of customers and the reorganization of the bank, Vnesheconombank became the largest shareholder (98.94%) of Globex. Through affiliated structures, Globex owned the Novinsky Passage business center, the Slava watch factory, 2 thousand hectares of land in the Moscow region, the Family Club village near Moscow, a shopping and entertainment center in Novosibirsk and other facilities. All these assets after the reorganization went to VEB-Invest.

In the same year, Anatoly Motylev began to create a new financial group of banks, the largest of which was the Russian Credit acquired in 2012. Three more banks were also connected with Anatoly Motylev - Tula Industrialist, M-bank and AMB-bank. In addition, in 2013–2014, he gained control of seven non-state pension funds (NPFs).

In 2015, all NPFs of Anatoly Motylev and banks controlled by him lost their licenses. Under the management of the NPF was up to 60 billion rubles. pension funds of citizens, and the volume of deposits in banks at the time of revocation of licenses amounted to almost 80 billion rubles. The hole in the capital of banks, according to the provisional administration, amounted to 75.7 billion rubles. In July 2015, the media reported on the possible departure of Anatoly Motylev from Russia.

Oleg RUBNIKOVICH, Yulia LOKSHINA

The ex-shareholder of Rossiyskiy Kredit, Anatoly Motylev, has been declared a personal bankrupt, his creditors will share his billions. In January 2017, according to the statement of the company Flowary Developments Limited, registered in the British Virgin Islands, the procedure for restructuring the debts of Anatoly Motylev, who went bankrupt in 2015 and fled to London, was launched.

This week, Motylev was declared a personal bankrupt and the Moscow Arbitration Court launched the sale of the property of the ex-banker. The country house of Anatoly Motylev arrested in Russia, apartments, land plots and parking spaces can go under the hammer.

The Bankruptcy Law provides that in the event of personal bankruptcy, the previously seized property is removed, and it is sold in favor of creditors who have made their claims, representatives of the "thirsty" party explain. At the same time, Motylev's debt as a shareholder of bankrupt banks does not disappear, and can also be included in the personal bankruptcy procedure. Then everything that will be received from the sale will be distributed among creditors in proportion to the stated requirements.

The creditors, insisting that the personal bankruptcy of Anatoly Motylev is more priority than the subsidiary liability, under which his property was arrested, intend to claim 20 billion rubles. Motylev, officially declared bankrupt, is on the international wanted list in connection with the investigation of cases of fraud on an especially large scale.

“Anatoly Motylev is an interesting figure who secured a place for himself in the banking history of the country. He occupies the 34th position in the ranking of the richest bankers in Russia according to the Bank Review. At the same time, he is also a defendant in another rating - the country's largest financial swindlers according to Forbes, - wrote Our Version about Motylev at one time.

Until recently, he owned four banking structures, including a bank from the domestic TOP-50 - Russian Credit. Banks went bankrupt, Motylev, who left Russia, settled in London. From there, the court has already received a petition through Motylev's representatives with a request to postpone the hearing. The former banker asks for a delay in order to try to conclude a settlement agreement with creditors. The largest of them, Andrei Klinovsky (whose demands amount to 5.1 billion rubles) and Lina Yermochenko (4 billion), supported the petition. Representatives of Rossiyskiy Kredit (requiring 2.7 billion rubles) and financial manager Alexei Grudtsin, according to media reports, are not ready to wait and believe that one does not interfere with the other: it is possible to open the procedure for the sale of property, while simultaneously discussing the conclusion of a settlement agreement.

In total, the register of creditors' claims today includes claims in the amount of approximately 20 billion rubles.

Oleg Pristupa was approved as the new financial manager, by court decision. He will have to report on the course of the bankruptcy proceedings of Anatoly Motylev in six months, on August 27.

The meeting of creditors, which took place on February 8, authorized the meeting of creditors to apply to the court with a petition to declare Motylev bankrupt and start selling the property of the financial manager Grudtsin. Two-thirds of them supported this appeal.

In general, the former banker who left for London owes money not only to Rossiyskiy Kredit, but also to Messrs. Klinovsky and Yermochenko. Anatoly Motylev's creditors are Technomark LLC (3.8 billion rubles), Camilla Properties Limited (registered in the British Virgin Islands, wants to receive 3.7 billion rubles), M Bank (655 million rubles) and AMB Bank (30 million ).

Recall that the licenses of Russian Credit, M Bank, Tula Industrialist and AMB Bank were revoked in July 2015. Officially, Anatoly Motylev was the head of the board of directors of Russian Credit and its shareholder, according to unofficial information, he was considered the owner of all four of these institutions. The revocation of licenses from four banks was the largest insured event in the history of the Russian Deposit Insurance Agency at that time: the volume of deposits reached almost 80 billion rubles. The shortage was also a record: 75.5 billion.

A month later, the Central Bank also invalidated the licenses of seven pension funds also associated with the name of Anatoly Motylev: these were NPF Solntse. A life. Pension”, “Sunny Time”, “Adekta-Pensia”, “Uraloboronzavodsky”, “Protection of the Future”, “Savings Fund “Sunny Beach” and “Savings”, which had about 60 billion pension rubles at their disposal.

In principle, as commentators note, with such a portfolio one could count on financial recovery - but in the case of Motylev, there was a relapse. In 2008, the Globex bank, which belonged to him, was already subject to reorganization, and the state had to spend $5 billion on rehabilitation.

In the last days of July, the news feed exploded with fried news: the owner of the Rossiyskiy Kredit Bank, Anatoly Motylev, disappeared. The bank's management has not seen its shareholder since the moment when the Central Bank revoked the licenses from Rossiyskiy Kredit and two more Motylev banks: M Bank and AMB Bank.

Similar to withdrawal of assets

According to RBC sources close to the bank's management and Motylev's pension funds, the banker left Russia. Possibly London.

“After the meeting at the Central Bank, Motylev called the managers and said that they had managed to agree on the reorganization. After that, no one saw or heard Motylev, ”RBC quotes its insider. It was the day before the group's banks were stripped of their licenses. Let us add that on July 27 the license was revoked from the last Motylev bank Tula Industrialist that kept afloat.

Taking into account the sharp rise in arrears and the affiliation of borrowers and the owner of Rossiyskiy Kredit, a number of experts point out that the situation is extremely similar to the withdrawal of assets. This opinion, in particular, is shared by the Director of Banking Ratings RAEX (“Expert RA”) Stanislav Volkov.

Currently, Motylev's banks are being checked by the provisional administration of the Bank of Russia. If she finds signs of the withdrawal of assets, then an appeal to law enforcement agencies will follow. The regulator has reason to be concerned. So, according to the deputy chairman of the Central Bank Mikhail Sukhov, the negative capital of all four Motylev banks is at least 50 billion rubles.

However, the press service of Rossiyskiy Kredit refuted the management's statements cited by RBC. According to her, Anatoly Motylev did not leave Russia and is now busy negotiating with investors, coordinating the process of transferring private pension funds belonging to his group.

Even later, the banker himself denied the information about his disappearance from the country in a comment to the Banki.ru portal: “I am negotiating with investors in order to maximize the protection of my interests, the interests of my partners and the interests of my clients,” Motylev said. “At the moment, I am coordinating the sale of non-state pension funds and I am not going to leave.”

The sun. A life. Pension

We are talking about the pension funds “Solntse. A life. Pension” and “SberFund Sunny Beach”. According to Forbes, structures associated with Motylev have been actively involved in the division of the pension market in recent years since the banker returned to the financial arena. By September 2014, NPF PSB (now NPF Solnechnoye Vremya), NPF Uraloboronzavodsky, Savings, Protection of the Future and Adekta-pensia also came under its direct or indirect control.

Anatoly Motylev is an interesting figure who secured a place for himself in the banking history of the country. He occupies the 34th position in the ranking of the richest bankers in Russia according to the Banking Review. At the same time, he is also a defendant in another rating - the country's largest financial swindlers according to Forbes. In this anti-rating, Motylev appears as the ex-owner of the Globex bank, which became the main victim of the 2008 crisis, on the reorganization of which the state lost more than 80 billion rubles. It is clarified that no charges were brought against Motylev, but you cannot erase the words from the song, and therefore the very fact of his presence in the company of Mavrodi, Privalov, Pugachev and Andrei Borodin from the Bank of Moscow looks very eloquent.

The history of the outcast "Globex"

You can dwell on the history of Globex in a little more detail. In the fall of 2008, liquidity problems led to the fact that this bank could not issue deposits on time, and VEB took care of its rescue. The reason for the then collapse of Globex and the subsequent change of ownership was active speculation in the real estate market using attracted client deposits. As a result, when it came time to give money, it turned out that the pyramid had collapsed.

As the former deputy chairman of the Central Bank admitted to Vedomosti a year later Dmitry Tulin,

Globex was considered a pariah in the market because of the "drawn" capital. More than 97% of the reported equity capital did not exist in reality. At the same time, the Central Bank knew about the problems of the credit institution, but did nothing.

In his article “The History of Globex Bank as a Mirror of the Problems of Russian Banking Supervision,” Tulin, who at one time participated in the selection of banks for the deposit insurance system, writes that he has repeatedly noted Globex’s liquidity problems, the need to create additional reserves, violation of regulations. And the fact that all Globex loans were issued to finance real estate objects owned by the owner of the bank, Anatoly Motylev.

Globex collapsed in the fall of 2008. As noted above, the state spent 80 billion rubles on its reorganization, placing this money in Vnesheconombank, the press service of which commented on the state’s participation in saving Motylev’s brainchild “an urgent need to ensure that the bank fulfills its obligations to 80,000 clients and investors. As a result, state intervention prevented panic and loss of confidence in the entire banking system.

Second coming

This story did not prevent Anatoly Motylev from returning to the banking business a few years later, creating an empire that included Russian Credit Bank, AMB Bank and M Bank. Initially, it also included the fourth bank - KRK, however, on July 11, 2014, its license was revoked. A year later, the department of Elvira Nabiulina left the rest of the banks without a license.

There is reason to believe that it was transactions with pension assets that caused the problems of the Motylev group. For Anatoly Motylev, as we remember from the history of his first coming to the market, they were important as a source of investment in development projects.

As the former vice-president of Roscred explained in an interview with Kommersant Andrey Kulikov, the group was engaged in investing NPF funds in mortgage participation certificates (MIS) secured by development projects. As in the case of Globex, these were mainly projects of borrowers of Rossiyskiy Kredit or its owners. In other words, in his second coming to the market, Motylev repeated the schemes that led to his exit from the market in 2008.

Why such a policy is dangerous, explains the already mentioned director of banking ratings RAEX (“Expert RA”) Stanislav Volkov.

For banks that lend to economically related borrowers (for example, those involved in the implementation of the same construction project), delinquency can increase very sharply, as the problems of one project or borrower along the chain are reflected in a large number of bank customers. "This may just be the case of Rossiyskiy Kredit Bank," says Stanislav Volkov.

Meanwhile, according to a Vedomosti source, about 10 billion rubles of pension savings can be placed in Roscred.

dry from water

All this time, the Central Bank, as best it could, limited Motylev banks to work with the funds of future pensioners. Last year, Russian Credit was not included in the list of authorized banks, and thus deprived of the opportunity to service the accounts of pension funds. The NPFs associated with Motylev were not included in the system of guaranteeing pension savings. However, it was almost impossible to completely cut off Motylev from pension money. There were no formal grounds for revoking the license. After all, the funds did not break the law, although they were engaged in risky speculative operations.

The sudden interest of the Central Bank in Motylev's structures may be due to the fact that in a crisis, the regulator tightens requirements for commercial banks not only in terms of liquidity, but also in all other criteria: low asset quality and involvement in dubious transactions.

Today there is a thorough clearing of the banking sector from unscrupulous credit institutions, every week 2-3 banks go the distance. The regulator has become more picky about what projects and in what areas banks invest money.

According to the current rules, a bank is considered involved in suspicious transactions if their share in the accounts of legal entities and individuals is more than 4% for the last quarter or if their volume exceeds 3 billion rubles.

It is clear that under these conditions, Motylev's banks, with their high level of risk of being involved in dubious transactions, could not remain in the game for a long time. Moreover, in January of this year, the main Motylev ill-wisher returned to the Central Bank as the first deputy chairman Dmitry Tulin. And he still managed to take revenge on Motylev.

In addition, there is a political component to the story with Motylev. In the context of the crisis, the government will again be forced to return to the moratorium on the funded part of the pension. The fact that the moratorium can be extended for 2016 was directly stated by the Deputy Prime Minister Olga Golodets on the sidelines of the recently held St. Petersburg International Economic Forum. The government is not satisfied with the result of investing the funds that were transferred this year to non-state pension funds: more than 500 billion rubles were transferred to the NPF, but 47 percent of this money was placed on deposits. According to the Deputy Prime Minister, these funds are not aimed at financing investment projects, but at "solving individual problems of specific enterprises in a pre-bankruptcy state."

Lenta.ru draws attention to the coincidence in time of the problems of Motylev and his pension funds with the sharp politicization of the pension topic:

"The shortage of resources, especially long-term ones, turns pension money almost into the only lifesaver, along with the budget and national funds. And the sharp impoverishment of the treasury and the unwillingness of the authorities to cut social spending increases the likelihood of a new "accumulative" moratorium."

Nevertheless, despite all the reasons listed above, the odious banker can again get away with it. For the second time the state has been forced to spend billions of rubles on settlements with its creditors. Moreover, the scheme that Anatoly Motylev implemented is such that his “third coming” cannot be ruled out.

Despite the complete refusal of the Central Bank to give any indulgence to the banker who was at fault, in the case of Anatoly Motylev one can never say “never”.

In domestic banking history, it is difficult to find another banker who would be allowed to enter the same river more than once, namely, to replicate financial know-how, which has already caused the collapse and led to significant government spending. Will Anatoly Motylev succeed in the third reincarnation in the same hypostasis - this is the question, the answer to which I would very much like to receive.

And at this time

Even when this text was written, information appeared on the website of the Central Bank about the cancellation of the license of several non-state pension funds of Anatoly Motylev at once - “The Sun. A life. Pension”, “Adekta-pension”, “Uraloboronzavodsky”, “Protection of the future”. Now in these funds

provisional administration. According to Vedomosti, if all Motylev NPFs go bankrupt, the losses of their clients will amount to 10 billion rubles.