Presentation on the topic of Eastern European countries. Presentation on geography on the topic "Eastern Europe" (grade 10)

Eastern Europe Presentation prepared by geography teacher of Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 5 in Vsevolozhsk Pavlova Tatyana Aleksandrovna

• Eastern Europe as a historical and geographical region includes: Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, countries formed as a result of the collapse of the former Yugoslavia (Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia), Albania, Latvia, Lithuania , Estonia
• These states occupy a single territory, stretching in a fairly wide strip from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Mediterranean and Black Seas in the south and southeast for about 1,500 km. All countries except the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary have access to the sea.

• The region's population is about 130 million people, but the demographic situation, which is difficult throughout Europe, is the most alarming in Eastern Europe. Despite the active demographic policy pursued over several decades, natural population growth is very small (less than 2%) and continues to decline. Bulgaria and Hungary are even experiencing natural population decline. The main reason for this is the disruption of the age-sex structure of the population as a result of the Second World War.
• In some countries, natural increase is higher than the regional average (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia), and it is the largest in Albania - 20%.
• The largest country in the region is Poland (about 40 million people), the smallest is Estonia (about 1.5 million people)

• The population of Eastern Europe has a complex ethnic composition, but one can note the predominance of Slavic peoples. Of the other peoples, the most numerous are Romanians, Albanians, Hungarians, and Lithuanians. Poland, Hungary, and Albania have the most homogeneous national composition. Lithuania.

• The Czech Republic leads in terms of urbanization level – 75%. There are quite a lot of urban agglomerations in the region, the largest of which are Upper Silesia (in Poland) and Budapest (in Hungary).

• The territories of these countries are densely populated. More than half of the population lives in cities. The largest of them are the capitals of states.
• Each city has its own characteristics, its own “face”. The Czechs, for example, call their capital Zlata Prague as a sign of love and admiration for its beauty. This is one of the most beautiful cities in Europe. Ancient palaces and towers, numerous ancient monuments, bridges over the Vltava River create the unique appearance of the city.

• Residents of the western part of the region profess Catholicism, while the eastern and southeastern ones profess Orthodoxy.

• The climate is temperate maritime, moderate continental, in the south it turns into subtropical Mediterranean.
• Natural zones are diverse, large areas are occupied by mixed and broad-leaved forests.

• Natural resource reserves include: coal (Poland, Czech Republic), oil and natural gas (Romania), iron ores (Romania, Slovakia), bauxite (Hungary).

• In general, it must be said that the region is experiencing a shortage of resources, and in addition, it is a striking example of the “incompleteness” of a set of minerals. Thus, Poland has large reserves of coal, copper ores, and sulfur, but almost no oil, gas, or iron ore. In Bulgaria, on the contrary, there is no coal, although there are significant reserves of copper ores and polymetals.

• Due to a shortage of oil reserves, this region is focused on coal, most of the electricity is generated by thermal power plants (more than 60%), but hydroelectric power plants and nuclear power plants also play an important role. One of the largest nuclear power plants was built in the region - Kozloduy in Bulgaria.

• In the post-war period, the industry actively grew and developed in all countries of the region, with non-ferrous metallurgy relying mainly on its own raw materials, and ferrous metallurgy on imported ones.

• The southern metallurgical base of Poland was formed on the basis of the Upper Silesian coal basin. It includes about two dozen factories, including two very large plants - Huta-Krakow and Katowice.

• The industry is also represented in all countries, but is most developed in the Czech Republic (primarily machine tool manufacturing, production of household appliances and computer equipment); Poland and Romania are distinguished by the production of metal-intensive machines and structures, Hungary, Bulgaria, Latvia - by the electrical industry; In addition, shipbuilding is developed in Poland and Estonia.

• The chemical industry of the region lags far behind that of Western Europe due to the lack of raw materials for the most advanced branches of chemistry - oil. But we can still note the pharmaceuticals of Poland and Hungary, the glass industry of the Czech Republic.

• The economic structure of the region is heterogeneous: in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, and the Baltic countries, the share of livestock farming exceeds the share of crop farming; in the rest, the ratio is still the opposite.

• Due to the diversity of soil and climatic conditions, several zones of crop production can be distinguished: wheat is grown everywhere, but in the north (Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) rye and potatoes play an important role, in the central part of the subregion vegetable growing and horticulture are cultivated, and the “southern” countries specialize on subtropical crops.
• The main crops grown in the region are wheat, corn, vegetables, and fruits.

• The main wheat and corn regions of Eastern Europe were formed within the Middle and Lower Danube lowlands and the Danube hilly plain (Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria).
• Hungary has achieved the greatest success in grain growing.

• There are many apple, plum and peach orchards and vineyards in Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary. Various vegetables are grown everywhere - tomatoes, cucumbers, sweet peppers. In these countries, almost no dish is complete without vegetables. Fruits and vegetables are processed in many factories.

• Vegetables, fruits, and grapes are cultivated almost everywhere in the subregion, but there are areas where they primarily determine the specialization of agriculture. These countries and regions also have their own specialization in terms of product range. For example, Hungary is famous for its winter varieties of apples, grapes, and onions; Bulgaria – oilseeds; Czech Republic - hops, etc.

• The northern and central countries of the region specialize in dairy and meat and dairy cattle breeding and pig breeding, while the southern countries specialize in mountain pasture meat and wool cattle breeding

• Northern group: Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia. These countries are still characterized by a low degree of integration, but there are common tasks in the development of the maritime economy.
• Central group: Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary. The economy of the first two countries is of a clearly industrial nature. The Czech Republic ranks first in the region in terms of industrial output per capita.
• Southern group: Romania, Bulgaria, countries of the former Yugoslavia, Albania. In the past, these were the most backward countries, and now, despite major changes in their economy, the countries of this group lag behind the countries of the 1st and 2nd groups in most indicators.

• In Eastern Europe, which lies at the crossroads of routes that have long connected the eastern and western parts of Eurasia, the transport system has been developing over many centuries. Nowadays, railway transport is the leader in terms of transportation volume, but road and sea transport are also intensively developing. The presence of major ports contributes to the development of foreign economic relations, shipbuilding, ship repair, and fishing.

• The azure sea, picturesque mountains, mineral springs, warm climate, historical monuments attract many tourists here. Tourism and resort business bring big income

Eastern Europe

Work is done:
Pakhomov Sergei,
Artyom Kongurov,
Pivovarov Dima

The countries of Eastern Europe represent a single natural-territorial array stretching from the Baltic to the Black and Adriatic Seas. The region and adjacent countries are based on an ancient Precambrian platform, covered by a cover of sedimentary rocks, as well as an area of ​​Alpine folding.

An important feature of all countries in the region is their transit position between the countries of Western Europe and the CIS.
The countries of Eastern Europe differ from each other in geographical location, configuration, size of territory, and wealth of natural resources.

Natural resource reserves include: coal (Poland, Czech Republic), oil and natural gas (Romania), iron ores (countries of the former Yugoslavia, Romania, Slovakia), bauxite (Hungary), chromite (Albania).

In general, it must be said that the region is experiencing a shortage of resources, and in addition, it is a striking example of the “incompleteness” of a set of minerals. Thus, Poland has large reserves of coal, copper ores, and sulfur, but almost no oil, gas, or iron ore. In Bulgaria, on the contrary, there is no coal, although there are significant reserves of lignite, copper ores, and polymetals.

Due to a shortage of oil reserves, this region is focused on coal, most of the electricity is generated by thermal power plants (more than 60%), but hydroelectric power plants and nuclear power plants also play an important role. One of the largest nuclear power plants was built in the region - Kozloduy in Bulgaria.

The region's population is about 130 million people, but the demographic situation, which is difficult throughout Europe, is the most alarming in Eastern Europe. Despite the active demographic policy pursued over several decades, natural population growth is very small (less than 2%) and continues to decline.

Bulgaria and Hungary are even experiencing natural population decline. The main reason for this is the disruption of the age-sex structure of the population as a result of the Second World War.
In some countries, natural increase is higher than the regional average (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia), and it is the largest in Albania - 20%.

The largest country in the region is Poland (about 40 million people), the smallest is Estonia (about 1.5 million people). The population of Eastern Europe has a complex ethnic composition, but one can note the predominance of Slavic peoples. Of the other peoples, the most numerous are Romanians, Albanians, Hungarians, and Lithuanians.

Slide No. 10

Poland, Hungary, and Albania have the most homogeneous national composition. Lithuania. Eastern Europe has always been an arena of national and ethnic conflicts. After the collapse of the socialist system, the situation became more complicated, especially on the territory of the most multinational country in the region - Yugoslavia, where the conflict escalated into an interethnic war.

Slide No. 11

The countries of Eastern Europe today are not characterized by a pronounced socio-economic unity. But in general we can say that _. in the 2nd half of the 20th century. Great changes have occurred in the economies of Eastern European countries.

Slide No. 12

Firstly, industries developed at a faster pace - by the 80s, Europe had become one of the most industrial regions of the world, and secondly, previously very backward regions also began to develop industrially (For example, Slovakia in the former Czechoslovakia, Moldova in Romania, northeast Poland).

Slide No. 13

Such results became possible thanks to the implementation of regional policy. Agriculture of the region mainly meets the food needs of the population. Under the influence of scientific and technological revolution, significant changes occurred in the structure of the economy of the countries of Eastern Europe: the agro-industrial complex emerged, and specialization of agricultural production took place. It was most clearly manifested in grain farming and in the production of vegetables, fruits, and grapes. The economic structure of the region is heterogeneous: in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, and the Baltic countries, the share of livestock farming exceeds the share of crop production; in the rest, the ratio is still the opposite. Due to the diversity of soil and climatic conditions, several zones of crop production can be distinguished: wheat is grown everywhere, but in the north (Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) rye and potatoes play an important role, vegetable growing and horticulture are cultivated in the central part of the subregion, and the “southern” countries specialize in subtropical crops.

Slide No. 14

The main crops grown in the region are wheat, corn, vegetables, and fruits. The main wheat and corn regions of Eastern Europe were formed within the Middle and Lower Danube lowlands and the Danube hilly plain (Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria). Hungary has achieved the greatest success in grain growing. Vegetables, fruits, and grapes are cultivated almost everywhere in the subregion, but there are areas where they primarily determine the specialization of agriculture. These countries and regions also have their own specialization in terms of product range. For example, Hungary is famous for its winter varieties of apples, grapes, and onions; Bulgaria - oilseeds; Czech Republic - hops, etc. Animal husbandry. The northern and central countries of the region specialize in dairy and meat and dairy cattle breeding and pig breeding, while the southern countries specialize in mountain pasture meat and wool animal husbandry.

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Learn from the example of others. Dynamics of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Israel. Moldova. Russia. Macedonia. Eastern Europe on average. GDP per capita in US$. Fertility rates (unstandardized). Number of live births per 1000 population. Mortality rates (unstandardized). Number of deaths per 1000 population. Lifespan. Life expectancy, years from birth. Maternal mortality. Maternal mortality per 100,000 live births. Mortality from stroke. Cerebrovascular diseases, all ages. Per 100,000 population.

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Eastern Europe. Development of Europe. Changing the political map. Subregions of Europe. A country. Map of Eastern Europe. Population. Yugoslavia. Collapse of Yugoslavia. Slovenia. Croatia. Bosnia and Herzegovina. Autonomous region. Kosovo. Countries that recognize Kosovo's independence. Montenegro. Map of Eastern Europe. Economy of Central and Eastern Europe. Industry. Transport. - Map of Eastern Europe.ppt

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Tourism of Eastern Europe. Content. Tourism of the Czech Republic. Castles of the Czech Republic. Ski resorts. Tourism in Poland. Castles of Poland. Places from the UNESCO list. Mountains. Zakopane. Tourism of Russia. Gold ring of Russia. Sea resorts. Baikal. Tourism of Ukraine. Cities. Resorts. Crimea. Tourism Day in Ukraine. References. - Tourism Eastern Europe.ppt

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Countries of Eastern Europe. Mood. Republic of Belarus. Geographical position. Countries included in Eastern Europe. Industry. Mechanical engineering. Population. Big cities. Minsk. Countries included in Eastern Europe. Church Ukraine. Geographical position. Climate. Heavy industry. Countries included in Eastern Europe. Countries included in Eastern Europe. Moldova. The smallest state in Eastern Europe. The climate is mild. Minerals. The main wealth of the country. Grape growing. Molavane. I thank you for the lesson.

Central and Eastern Europe

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Moldova

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- Moldova.ppt

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Presentation on the topic “Characteristics of Moldova”. General information. Egp. There is access to the Danube. Natural resource potential. Satisfy the needs of the country. Population. Total 4,458,000 people. Largest cities: Chisinau, Tiraspol, Balti, Bendery. General characteristics of the farm. Moldova is an agrarian-industrial state. Mechanical engineering, chemical industry, metallurgy, woodworking, and light industry are developing. Transport. Foreign economic relations. - Country Moldova.pptx

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Moldova. Located in the southeastern part of Europe. The official language is Moldavian, written in Latin. The capital is Chisinau (662 thousand people, 2002). Public holiday - Independence Day on August 27 (since 1991). The monetary unit is the Moldovan leu. History of Moldova. Stefan III fought about 40 battles, and emerged victorious from most. The Turkish yoke lasted about 300 years. Flag of Moldova. The flag of Moldova was adopted in 1994. Coat of arms of Moldova. In the center, on the yellow stripe, is the State Emblem of the Republic of Moldova. All elements on the shield are golden (yellow). Capital of Moldova.

Water resources of Moldova

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The Republic of Moldova. Management of projects financed from external sources. Normative base. Projects financed from external sources. Budget planning. Share of project funds financed from external sources. Share of project funds. Law on the State Budget. Execution of projects financed from external sources. Rules for servicing projects financed from external sources. Servicing projects financed from external sources. Current budget classification and treasury chart of accounts. Register of external donors.

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Assessment of the environmental situation in the Dniester River basin. Brief description of the Dniester. Population of the Dniester basin. The riverbed of the Dniester. Minerals of the basin. Forest cover and plowed area of ​​the Dniester basin. Biodiversity. Dniester. Natural reserve fund. Dniester. The role of the Black Sea rivers. Gutter trends. Intra-annual runoff distribution. Sediment runoff. Dniester basin. Thermal mode. Ground and underground waters. Reservoirs. Factors of influence of the Dniester reservoir. Water intake in the Dniester basin. Water intake by Moldova and Ukraine. Dynamics of return water discharge. Return water discharge.

Fish of the Dniester

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Republic of Poland. Rzeczpospolita Polska. Population: 38 million people (33rd in the world). Relief. In the north and west of Poland there are lowlands, occupying over 3/4 of the country's area. The highest point in Poland is Rysy Peak (2499 m), which belongs to the Carpathians. Minerals. The country has deposits of sulfur and natural building materials. Since time immemorial, Poland has been famous for its reserves and mining of amber. Climate. Rivers. The rivers are also fed by precipitation, and in the spring by melted snow. Experiments have been carried out here many times. Red paint was poured into Velna, and blue paint into Nelba.

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Organization of the educational process in Poland. Program foundations and changes over the past few years using the example of teaching: mathematics, biology. Literature. Mathematics, biology and literature. Software basics. Teaching mathematics in Poland. Primary School - Grades 1-3. Gymnasium. Elements of differential calculus, logarithms. Lyceum. Mathematics. Nature and biology education have common elements. Elementary School. The role of green plants. Sexual and asexual reproduction of organisms. Human anatomy and physiology. Stages of disease development. Hereditary variability. The concept of ecosystems.

Characteristics of Poland

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Sights of Poland

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Sights of Warsaw. Warsaw. The capital of Poland since 1596. The population of Warsaw is 1.69 million people. Mayor of Warsaw - Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz. Etymology. Symbolism. Old city. Palace of Culture and Science. The height of the 42-story skyscraper is 231 m. Lazienki. Sejm. Consists of 460 deputies elected for a term of 4 years in general, equal, direct and proportional elections. Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. Wilanów Palace. National Stadium. I invite everyone to Warsaw!

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Romania. “The 21st century is the Middle Ages?!” Geographical location Romania is located in southeastern Europe. All of Romania, with the exception of the Black Sea coast, is included in the Danube basin. The other third is covered with hills and plateaus, replete with orchards and vineyards. Political system Romania is a republic. The head of state is the president, the head of government is the prime minister. Administratively, the country is divided into counties (districts), cities and communes. Capital Bucharest. 2,000,000 inhabitants, located in the southeast of Romania. Climate Romania has a continental climate. It can be cool in the Carpathians even in the middle of summer.

Bulgaria and Romania

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Czech Republic. Czech Republic on the world map. Flag and coat of arms of the Czech Republic. Brief information. Geographic data. The territory of the Czech Republic is 78.9 thousand square kilometers. The Czech landscape is very diverse. In summer the average air temperature is +20° C, in winter? 5° C. History. After World War II, Czechoslovakia fell into the Soviet sphere of influence. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004. Political structure. According to the Constitution, the Czech Republic is a parliamentary democracy. The head of state (president) is indirectly elected every five years by parliament. The highest appellate body is the Supreme Court. Administrative division. - Czech Republic.ppt

Czech Republic

Czech Republic. Basic provisions. Geographical position. Geographic data. Economy. Basic natural resources. Population. Religion. Political structure. Administrative division. Old Town Hall and astronomical clock. The Charles Bridge. Prague Castle. Mala Strana. Famous Czech beer.

- Czech Republic.ppt

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Traditions and holidays of the Czech Republic. Holidays of the Czech Republic. Official holidays of the Czech Republic. Christmas. Christmas markets. Traditions of the Czech Republic. New Year. Traditions of the Czech Republic. Maslenitsa. Traditions of the Czech Republic. Festival of the Five Petal Rose. Christmastide in costumes. Beer traditions. Traditions of the Czech Republic. I thank you for your respect.

Prague

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Description of primary and secondary schools in Prague. Prague british school (branch?esko-britsk?Z?). The school is a recognized examination center for the University of Cambridge and the IBO. The school was founded in 1992 as the first English school in Prague. Education Education is conducted in English. In addition to basic subjects, musical, creative development, physical education. French is taught from 3rd grade. After 11 a.m. students take exams that are recognized by the University of Cambridge. There are two teachers in the class. Lessons of the native language, including Russian. Class time is selected individually after studying in the main subjects.

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Eastern Europe Work completed by: Sergey Pakhomov, Artyom Kongurov, Dima Pivovarov

The countries of Eastern Europe represent a single natural territorial massif stretching from the Baltic to the Black and Adriatic Seas. The region and adjacent countries are based on an ancient Precambrian platform, covered by a cover of sedimentary rocks, as well as an area of ​​Alpine folding.

An important feature of all countries in the region is their transit position between the countries of Western Europe and the CIS. The countries of Eastern Europe differ from each other in geographical location, configuration, size of territory, and wealth of natural resources.

Natural resource reserves include: coal (Poland, Czech Republic), oil and natural gas (Romania), iron ores (countries of the former Yugoslavia, Romania, Slovakia), bauxite (Hungary), chromite (Albania).

In general, it must be said that the region is experiencing a shortage of resources, and in addition, it is a striking example of the “incompleteness” of a set of minerals. Thus, Poland has large reserves of coal, copper ores, and sulfur, but almost no oil, gas, or iron ore. In Bulgaria, on the contrary, there is no coal, although there are significant reserves of lignite, copper ores, and polymetals.

Due to a shortage of oil reserves, this region is focused on coal, most of the electricity is generated by thermal power plants (more than 60%), but hydroelectric power plants and nuclear power plants also play an important role. One of the largest nuclear power plants was built in the region - Kozloduy in Bulgaria.

The region's population is about 130 million people, but the demographic situation, which is difficult throughout Europe, is the most alarming in Eastern Europe. Despite the active demographic policy pursued over several decades, natural population growth is very small (less than 2%) and continues to decline.

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Country Area, thousand sq. km Population, million people Predominant nation Estonia (Tallinn)45,21,4Estonians (69%), Russians (26%) Latvia (Riga)64,62,3 Latvians (60%), Russians (27.5%) Lithuania (Vilnius)65,23, 3Lithuanians (83.5%), Poles (6.7%), Russians (6.3%) Poland (Warsaw) 312,738.2 Poles Czech Republic (Prague) 78,910.4 Czechs Slovakia (Bratislava) 48,95.4 Slovaks (86%) , Hungarians (10%) Hungary (Budapest) 9310 Hungarians Romania (Bucharest) 237,521.5 Romanians (89.5%), Hungarians (6.6%) Bulgaria (Sofia) 1117.6 Bulgarians (84.5%), Turks (9. 6%), Roma (4.7%) Serbia (Belgrade)88.47.4Serbs (62%), Albanians (17%) Montenegro (Cetina)13.80.7 Montenegrins (43.1%), Serbs (32 %), Bosnians (7%), Muslims (5.1%) Slovenia (Ljubljana) 20,32,1 Slovenes (83%), Serbs, Croats Croatia (Zagreb) 56,64,5 Croats (90%), Serbs (5 %) Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo) 51,14,6 Bosniaks (43.6%), Serbs (31.4%), Croats (17.3%) Macedonia (Skopje) 25,32,1 Macedonians (64.2% ), Albanians (25.1%) Albania (Tirana)28.83.2Albanians (95%), Greeks (3%)

Population Multinationality (change in the proportion of different nationalities) One of the lowest rates of natural increase in Europe (differences in different national groups) Average population density 104 people. per sq. km Intensive urbanization after World War II (Budapest and Bucharest over 2 million people)

Yugoslavia Independent state of the South Slavic peoples - 1918 After 1945 - Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia 1963 - Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia PeopleReligionLanguage Serbs (US)OrthodoxySerbo-Croatian Montenegrins (US)OrthodoxySerbo-Croatian Macedonians (US)OrthodoxyMacedonian Croats (US )CatholicismSerbo-Croatian Slovenes (US )CatholicismSlovenian AlbaniansMuslimAlbanian Muslim SlavsMuslimismSerbo-Croatian

Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija Muslim Albanians 90% (in the process of historical development) Wide autonomy after World War II 1980s. - attempts at separatism After 1990 - dual power Albanians NATO Today, a partially recognized state According to the Constitution of Serbia, it is part of it. Ongoing military conflict Albanians, %Serbs% ??

Countries that recognize Kosovo's independence

Economy of Central and Eastern Europe. Prerequisites for development Availability of a number of mineral resources (hard coal, brown coal, non-ferrous metals) Border position between Eastern and Western Europe Historical development joining the USSR Current position “on the outskirts” of Western Europe

Industry Fuel and energy complex (CHP: electricity generation based on local PI Poland, Czechoslovakia; HPP: countries of the Balkan Peninsula; NPP: central part of CEE) Metallurgy (ferrous metallurgy Poland, Czech Republic, Romania and Czechoslovakia, non-ferrous metallurgy Poland, Bulgaria, Romania and Serbia ) Mechanical engineering (vehicles: sea vessels Poland, Croatia; locomotives Latvia, Czech Republic, Poland Romania, buses Hungary (Ikarus!), etc.) Chemical industry (basic chemistry Poland, Romania, organic Romania (petrochemicals), Poland, Czechoslovakia (coke chemistry ))

Transport The role of a connecting link between the USSR and Western Europe Active industrialization Highways: construction of new highways (north-south) Railways high rates of development during the USSR period Pipeline transport Druzhba pipeline, etc.