Payroll accounting. What shows and how to calculate Accounting account 70

In their activities, business entities use the labor of hired employees hired under labor agreements. For the performance of their labor functions, the company management or entrepreneur must pay appropriate remuneration. To account for settlements with personnel regarding salaries, account 70 is used in accounting.

Account 70 “settlements with personnel for wages” is used according to the Chart of Accounts to reflect on it all wage settlements for both employees carrying out activities under employment contracts, and under contracts for the provision of services with individuals.

This account accumulates information on salary calculation in all its components:

1. salary payment;
2. bonuses;
3. additional payments;
4. vacations;
5. compensation;
6. payment of benefits and financial assistance, etc.

With the help of this information, the administration can make the necessary decisions on labor costs. This account summarizes the salaries of employees in all departments of the company. On the other hand, depending on the corresponding account, it is possible to establish labor costs for each structural unit.

This reflects information about the existence of existing debts of both the employee for overpaid wages and the enterprise itself for wages that were not paid on time.

Attention! Account 70 also reflects settlements with the founders, who are also employees of the company, for dividends accrued to them.

Account characteristics

To record payroll calculations, account 70 is used. When asked which account 70 is active or passive, you can clearly answer that it is an active-passive account.

Depending on the situation, it can have two balances at once. The debit balance reflects the debt of persons working at the enterprise for payments paid to them by the enterprise. The loan balance, on the contrary, reflects the employer’s debt to the employees working in the company.

When determining the final account balance, it matters which side the balance is on. If by debit, then the debit turnover reflects the increase in debt, and the credit turnover reflects its repayment.

The opening balance is added to the debit turnover, after which the resulting result must be compared with the credit balance. If the final value of the difference with the loan turnover turns out to be positive, then the final balance is a debit.

When the initial balance of account 70 is on credit, then the increase in debt is reflected on the credit side, and its repayment on the debit side. If the difference between the amount of the opening balance and the turnover on the credit account with the debit turnover is positive, then the ending balance is in credit. Otherwise, at the end of the period, a debit balance of account 70 is obtained.

Attention! The turnover sheet for account 70 can reflect two balances at once. This is due to the fact that subaccounts within it can be either debit or credit, and the synthetic account has a folded double balance.

And what kind of transactions reflect the main wage transactions - you will learn about this from our article.

Accounting for transactions on account 70

The account records transactions for all types of remuneration carried out by the enterprise in favor of its employees, including:

• salaries, bonuses, bonuses;
• sick leave, vacation pay, benefits;
• pensions for working pensioners, etc.

Depending on the department in which the employee is involved, wages and other payments may be reflected in the following records:

Payments to employees are recorded in the following records:

Payment of salaries to branch employees

On 30. .2015, the branch of Metallurg LLC paid salaries to employees:

• workers of the metal rolling shop - 412,500 rubles;
• economists of the financial department - 194,300 rubles.

On October 3, 2015, the branch received funds from Metallurg LLC to make payments.

The accountant of the head office of Metallurg LLC made the following entries in the accounting:

In the accounting of the branch of Metallurg LLC, salary payments are reflected by the following entries:

Payroll calculation for employees of various departments

LLC "Rukodelnitsa" is engaged in the production of equipment for sewing workshops. Workers of Rukodelnitsa LLC are busy constructing a building that is planned to be used as a warehouse. Employees of Rukodelnitsa LLC have the opportunity to visit the swimming pool for free, which is listed on the company’s balance sheet.

In August 2015, a fire occurred in one of the production workshops of Rukodelnitsa LLC.

Based on the results of August 2015, employees of Rukodelnitsa LLC received the following salaries:

• workers of production workshops – 418,500 rubles;
• sales department employees – 212,300 rubles;
• workers engaged in the construction of a building for a warehouse -

ACCOUNT 70 “PAYMENTS WITH STAFF FOR WAGES”

Account 70 “Settlements with personnel for remuneration” reflects information on settlements with employees of the organization for remuneration, including for all types of remuneration, bonuses, benefits and other payments, as well as for the payment of income on shares and other securities of this organizations (Table 2.6).

The following subaccounts can be opened to account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages”:

• 70-01 “Accrued wages”;
• 70-03 “Wage debts”;
• 70-04 “Wages to be issued”;
• 70-05 “Salaries transferred to deposits”;
• 70-06 “Rounding amounts for wages.”

Subaccount 70-01 “Accrued wages” reflects information on the calculation of wages to employees and other accruals.

The credit of subaccount 70-01 “Accrued wages” reflects the following amounts:

• accrued wages and payments provided for by the collective agreement - in correspondence with the accounts of production costs (sales expenses);
• accrued wages and payments not provided for by the collective agreement - in correspondence with the accounts of the relevant sources of financing;
• accrued wages to employees during paid vacations falling on the current reporting period - in correspondence with cost accounts falling on the following reporting periods - in correspondence with account 97 “Deferred expenses”, subaccount 01 “Amounts of deferred vacations” ;
• accrued payment to employees during paid vacations, if the organization’s accounting policy provides for the creation of a reserve for the upcoming payment of employee vacations - in correspondence with account 96 “Reserves for future expenses”;
• accrued benefits for temporary disability, social benefits and other payments from the Social Insurance Fund - in correspondence with account 69 “Calculations for social insurance and security”, subaccount “Calculations for social insurance”; at the same time, the amounts of accrued benefits exceeding the amounts established by law are reflected in correspondence with cost accounts;
• accrued payments to employees from social insurance funds against industrial accidents and occupational diseases - in correspondence with account 69 “Calculations for social insurance and security”, subaccount “Calculations for compulsory social insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases”;
• accrued payments to employees made at the expense of trade union organizations - in correspondence with account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”, subaccount “Settlements with trade union organizations”.

Exchange differences on wages in foreign currency associated with changes in the exchange rate of foreign currency in relation to the currency of the Russian Federation are reflected in subaccount 70-01 “Accrued wages” in correspondence with account 91 “Other income and expenses”, subaccount 01 “Other income " and 02 "Other expenses".

The debit of subaccount 70-01 “Accrued wages” reflects the following amounts:

• withheld personal income tax - in correspondence with subaccount 68 “Calculations for personal income tax”;
• withheld from accountable persons for accountable amounts not returned to the cash desk on time - in correspondence with account 71 “Settlements with accountable persons”;
• withheld from employees to repay the debt on the issued loan and interest - in correspondence with account 73 “Settlements with personnel for other operations”, subaccount “Settlements on loans provided”;
• withheld for compensation of material damage caused by an employee of the organization - in correspondence with account 73 “Settlements with personnel for other operations”, subaccount “Settlements for compensation of material damage”;
• withheld from employees to compensate for damage due to technological violations - in correspondence with account 73 “Settlements with personnel for other operations”, subaccount “Settlements for technological violations”;
• withheld from employees to pay off debts (in whole or in part) for vouchers to sanatorium and resort services - in correspondence with account 73 “Settlements with personnel for other operations”, subaccount “Settlements for vouchers”;
• deducted from employees under writs of execution - in correspondence with account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”, subaccount “Settlements under writs of execution”;
• deducted from employees for housing and utilities - in correspondence with account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”, subaccount “Settlements with residents for housing and utilities”;
• trade union dues withheld from employees - in correspondence with account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”, subaccount “Settlements with trade union organizations”;
• insurance premiums for voluntary insurance withheld from wages for transfer to the insurance organization

tions - in correspondence with account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”, subaccount “Settlements for property

and personal insurance."

Amounts of wages minus all deductions can be written off to other relevant subaccounts of account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages”.

Subaccount 70-03 “Wage debts” reflects the amount of wage arrears both to the enterprise’s employees and the debts of the enterprise’s employees.

Amounts of debt generated when calculating wages are reflected in the credit of subaccount 70-03 “Wage debts” in correspondence with the debit of subaccount 70-01 “Accrued wages”. Next month, these amounts are added to the salary distribution by reverse entry.

The employee's debt to the organization is reflected in the debit of subaccount 70-03 “Wage debts”. Repayment of debt by an employee by depositing funds into the enterprise’s cash desk is reflected in the credit of subaccount 70-03 “Wage debts” and the debit of account 50 “Cash”. After the expiration of the limitation period, the outstanding debt is written off to the financial result of the organization in correspondence with the debit of subaccount 91-02 “Other expenses”.

Subaccount 70-04 “Wages for payment” reflects information about the amounts of wages intended for payment to the organization’s employees through its cash desk. The amount of wages to be paid is reflected in the credit of subaccount 70-04 “Wages to be paid” and the debit of subaccount 70-01 “Accrued wages”. The issuance of amounts to employees of the organization is reflected in the debit of subaccount 70-04 “Wages to be issued” in correspondence with subaccount 50-01 “Cash of the organization.”

Amounts of wages not received by employees within the period established for the issuance of wages (deposited wages) are reflected in the debit of subaccount 70-04 “Wages for issue” in correspondence with account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”, subaccount “ Calculations for deposited wages."

Analytical accounting for subaccount 70-04 “Wages to be paid” is maintained for each employee of the organization (personnel number).

Subaccount 70-05 “Wages transferred to deposits” reflects information about the amounts of wages intended to be transferred to the employee’s bank account.

The amount of wages to be transferred to employees’ bank accounts is reflected in the credit of subaccount 70-05 “Wages transferred to deposits” and the debit of subaccount 70-01 “Accrued wages”.

The transfer of funds from the organization's account to the accounts of employees is reflected in the debit of subaccount 70-05 “Wages transferred to deposits” and the credit of account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”, subaccount “Settlements with other debtors and creditors” or account 51 “ Current accounts." Analytical accounting for subaccount 70-05 “Salaries transferred to deposits” is maintained for each employee of the organization (personnel number).

Subaccount 70-06 “Rounding amounts for wages” reflects the rounding amounts if the enterprise decides to issue wages to employees in whole monetary units.

Account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages” corresponds with the accounts

Table 2.6

Thus, payroll is reflected in the credit of account 70, and the account corresponding to it is selected based on

from the department in which the employee is employed, to whom wages are paid, and what work he performs. If you accrue wages to employees of the main (auxiliary, servicing) production, then the following entry is made: Debit 20 (23, 29) Credit 70 - wages were accrued to the employee of the main (auxiliary, servicing) production.

If you pay wages to employees serving the main (auxiliary) production, or to management personnel, reflect this as follows:

Debit 25 (26) Credit 70 - wages accrued to employees involved in the process of servicing the main or auxiliary production (managerial personnel).

Accrue wages to employees involved in the sale of finished products or goods in correspondence with account 44 “Sales expenses”:

Debit 44 Credit 70 - wages accrued to employees involved in the process of selling products (goods).

If an organization carries out construction for its own needs or reconstructs fixed assets, then reflect wages for employees engaged in these works in correspondence with account 08 “Investments in non-current assets”:

Debit 08 Credit 70 - wages accrued to employees involved in the construction (reconstruction) of fixed assets.

Example 2.13.

Let's look at an example. Volt LLC is engaged in production and constructs the warehouse building on its own. In January 2012, wages were accrued to the organization’s employees in the amount of 270,000 rubles, including employees:

main production - 180,000 rubles; management personnel - 50,000 rubles; finished product sales department - 18,000 rubles; employees involved in warehouse construction - 22,000 rubles.

In this case, the accountant of Volt LLC must make the following entries:

Debit 20 Credit 70 - 180,000 rub. - wages accrued to workers of the main production;

Debit 26 Credit 70 - 50,000 rub. - wages accrued to management personnel;

Debit 44 Credit 70 -18,000 rub. - wages were accrued to employees of the finished product sales department;

Debit 08 Credit 70 - 22,000 rub. - wages were accrued to employees involved in the construction of the warehouse.

If the organization receives other income and this requires labor costs, then accrue wages to the employees who ensure the receipt of this income by posting:

Debit 91-2 Credit 70 - wages accrued to employees engaged in the process of receiving other income.

If an organization creates reserves for upcoming expenses for the performance of certain works, then pay wages to employees involved in their implementation, also at the expense of the created reserve:

Debit 96 Credit 70 - wages to employees were accrued from the previously created reserve.

If the organization’s employees perform work, the costs of which are taken into account as part of deferred expenses (for example, the introduction of a new type of product into production), then reflect their wages as follows:

Debit 97 Credit 70 - wages accrued to employees engaged in work, the costs of which are taken into account in future expenses.

If the organization suffered losses as a result of emergency events (fire, flood, etc.), then wages to employees liquidating the consequences of such events are included in other expenses:

Debit 91-2 Credit 70 - wages accrued to employees involved in eliminating the consequences of emergency events.

In some cases, the organization must pay employees certain amounts for unworked time. Such payments, in particular, include vacation pay and temporary disability benefits. In this case, vacation pay is calculated based on the employee’s average earnings. The procedure for calculating average earnings was approved by Decree of the Government of Russia dated December 24, 2007 No. 922.

Vacation pay is credited to the same accounts as employee salaries. In this case, the organization has the right to create a cash reserve to pay for vacations. In this case, vacation pay is accrued from the previously created reserve:

Debit 96 Credit 70 - vacation pay was accrued to the organization’s employees at the expense of the previously created reserve.

Benefits for temporary disability starting from the third day are paid from the funds of the Social Insurance Fund of Russia. When calculating such benefits, make an entry in your accounting:

Debit 69 Credit 70 - temporary disability benefits have been accrued at the expense of the Federal Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation.

Account 70 also reflects the accrual of dividends to employees who are shareholders (participants) of the organization. In this case, reflect the accrual of dividends to employees by posting:

Debit 84 Credit 70 - dividends accrued to the organization's employees.

Reflect the amount of personal income tax withheld from the employee’s salary by posting:

Debit 70 Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for personal income tax” - personal income tax is withheld from employee wages.

Example 2.14.

Let's look at an example. An employee of the production department of Volt LLC received a salary in the amount of 25,000 rubles for a month of work. Personal income tax in the amount of 3,250 rubles was withheld from it. In total, 21,750 rubles are due for payment. In this case, the accountant of Volt LLC must make the following entries:

Debit 20 Credit 70 - 25,000 rub. - wages have been accrued to the employee of the organization;

Debit 70 Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for personal income tax” - 3250 rubles. - personal income tax is withheld from the employee’s salary;

Debit 70 Credit 50 - 21,750 rub. - wages were paid to the employee from the organization’s cash desk.

To carry out current activities, a company can issue cash to its employees on account. If an employee has unspent funds that were previously issued to him on account, then he must return them to the organization’s cash desk. If, before the deadline for submitting the advance report, the amounts issued to the employee are offset against wages, make the entry: Debit 70 Credit 71 - accountable amounts issued to the employee are offset against wages.

If an employee unreasonably spent or did not return the accountable amount on time, then this amount should be withheld from his salary:

Debit 70 Credit 94 - unreturned (unreasonably spent) funds previously issued on account are withheld from the employee’s wages.

Often, during the inventory process, a shortage of inventories is discovered. If the amount of the shortage exceeds the norms of natural loss, then it is reimbursed at the expense of the financially responsible persons. The amount of the shortfall may be deducted from the employees' wages. For the amount to be withheld, make the following entry:

Debit 70 Credit 73 - amounts of material damage were withheld from the employee’s salary.

Example 2.15.

Let's look at an example. Alt LLC carried out an inventory of inventory in the warehouse. According to accounting data, there are 120 kg of sweets in the warehouse for a total amount of 11,400 rubles. As a result of the inventory, a shortage of 150 rubles was identified. The shortage within the limits of natural loss norms amounted to 50 rubles, above the norms - 100 rubles.

According to the manager’s order, storekeeper G.L. was held financially liable. Tubolev, with whom the organization has concluded an agreement on full financial liability. Tubolev admitted the claim. It was decided to withhold the amount of the shortfall from his salary. As a result, the accountant of Alt LLC must make the following entries:

Debit 94 Credit 41 - 150 rub. - the amount of the shortfall is written off;

Debit 44 Credit 94 - 50 rub. - the shortage within the limits of natural loss is taken into account in sales expenses;

Debit 73-2 Credit 94 - 100 rub. - the amount of shortfall in excess of the norms of natural loss is attributed to the guilty person;

Debit 70 Credit 73-2 - 100 rub. - the amount of the shortage is withheld from the storekeeper’s salary.

Please note that if a company enters into insurance contracts for its employees, the amounts of payments under such contracts may be deducted from their wages:

Debit 70 Credit 76-1 - personal insurance payments are withheld from the employee’s salary.

The organization must withhold from the wages of employees the amounts for writs of execution received by the organization (for example, alimony):

Debit 70 Credit 76 - funds were withheld from employees' wages based on writs of execution.

We emphasize that wages to employees can be paid both in cash and in kind. The legislation provides for the payment of wages twice a month; if a company does not comply with this condition, it can be fined in the amount of 30,000 to 50,000 rubles, and officials in the amount of up to 5,000 rubles. In this case, accrued funds due to employees on account of wages can be:

• pay in cash from the cash register;
• transfer non-cash to employees' accounts from a ruble or special bank account of your organization.

For the amount of wages paid, make an entry: Debit 70 Credit 50 (51, 55) - wages paid to the organization's employees from the cash desk (transferred from a current or special bank account).

In addition to wages, an employee may be accrued bonuses, benefits and income (dividends) from participation in the authorized capital of the organization. When paying these amounts, make the same entry:

Debit 70 Credit 50 (51, 55) - bonuses (benefits, income (dividends) from participation in the authorized capital of the organization) paid from the cash desk (transferred from a current or special bank account) to the employees of the organization.

The organization can also provide employees with the following wages: products of its own production, goods or other valuables. When issuing products of your own production (goods) to employees, make an entry in the accounting records:

Debit 70 Credit 90-1 - self-produced products (goods) were issued to employees of the organization to pay off wage arrears.

If the products were issued to employees at preferential prices (which are more than 20% less than the prices at which the organization usually sells such products to third-party buyers), then under certain conditions the tax inspector can check the correctness of the prices for tax purposes.

Example 2.16.

Let's consider an example: Alt LLC paid employees wages in the amount of 29,500 rubles. Due to insufficient funds, it was decided to provide employees with products of the organization’s own production to pay off wage arrears. Usually Alt LLC sells the same batch of products to third-party buyers at the same price - 29,500 rubles. (including VAT). The cost of a batch of products is 22,000 rubles. Finished products are subject to VAT at a rate of 18%. As a result, the accountant of Alt LLC must make the following entries:

Debit 70 Credit 90-1 - 29,500 rub. - wages owed to employees have been written off;

Debit 90-2 Credit 43 - 22,000 rub. - the cost of finished products transferred to employees to pay off wage arrears is written off;

Debit 90-3 Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for VAT” - 4500 rubles. (RUB 29,500 x 18%: 118%) - VAT added.

At the end of the month, the accountant will make the following entry:

Debit 90-9 Credit 99 - 3000 rub. (29,500 - 22,000 - 4500) - profit from the sale of products is reflected.

If, by paying wages in kind, a company cannot withhold income tax, it must report this to the tax office. Such a message should be sent within one month from the moment the company became obligated to withhold and pay tax.

When issuing other property (fixed assets, materials, etc.) to employees as wages, make an entry in the accounting records: Debit 70 Credit 91-1 - material assets were issued to employees of the organization to pay off arrears of wages.

Example 2.17.

Let's analyze an example. Alt LLC paid employees wages in the amount of 29,500 rubles. Due to insufficient funds, it was decided to provide workers with materials intended for use in production to pay off wage arrears. The market price of materials is 29,500 rubles. (including VAT), cost - 24,000 rubles. In this case, the accountant of Alt LLC must make the following entries:

Debit 70 Credit 91-1 - 29,500 rub. - wages owed to employees have been written off;

Debit 91-2 Credit 10 - 24,000 rub. - the cost of materials transferred to employees to pay off wage arrears is written off;

Debit 91-2 Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for VAT” - 4500 rubles. (RUB 29,500 x 18%: 118%) - VAT added.

At the end of the month, the accountant will make the following entry:

Debit 91-9 Credit 99 - 1000 rub. (29,500 - 24,000 - 4500) - profit from the sale of materials is reflected.

Note that after receiving funds from the bank to pay wages, the organization, as a rule, is obliged to issue it to employees within three days. If the employee does not show up to receive wages, the amount of unpaid funds is deposited. Reflect the amount of deposited wages by posting:

Debit 70 Credit 76 subaccount “Calculations for deposited amounts” - wages not received by employees are deposited.

Account 70: settlements with personnel for wages. Postings, example

Accounting for settlements with personnel regarding wages.

All operations related to the calculation of wages, charges on it and deductions made from it are subject to reflection in the accounting accounts in the reporting period of accrual, regardless of the period of payment of wages to employees and the transfer of tax payments to the budget and insurance contributions to state extra-budgetary funds.

Accounting for settlements with personnel for remuneration and deductions from wages is carried out on active-passive account 70 “Settlements with personnel for remuneration”, which has the following structure:

Check

In development of account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages”, analytical accounts are opened to record settlements for wages with each employee of the organization.

Account 70 “Settlements with suppliers for wages”, as a rule, has a credit balance, which is reflected in the liability side of the balance sheet in section V “Short-term liabilities” in a separate article “Debt to personnel for wages”.

In rare cases, in settlements with individual employees, their receivables may arise to the organization for settlements of wages; in this case, account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages” will simultaneously have a debit balance along with the credit balance, which is reflected in section II “Current assets” balance sheet asset as part of short-term receivables.

Payroll means an increase in the organization's debt to personnel and a simultaneous increase in the organization's expenses for ordinary activities. Therefore, this operation is reflected in the credit of account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages” in correspondence with the debit of the corresponding expense accounts: 20 “Main production”, 25 “General production expenses”, 26 “General expenses”.

All deductions made from the employee’s wages are reflected in the debit of account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages”, since the amount of deductions reduces the amount to be paid to the employee. Account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages” corresponds with the accounts for the corresponding types of deductions, for example:

∙ with a credit to account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees” - for the amount of withheld tax on personal income;

∙ with the credit of account 71 “Settlements with accountable persons” - for the amount of deductions made to repay amounts issued for accounting, etc.

the remaining part of the wages after deductions are made is subject to payment to employees. In accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, wages must be paid at least twice a month: an advance is paid for the first half of the month.

Wages are paid to the employee, as a rule, from the cash desk at the place where he performs the work, which is reflected in the accounting records:

Account credit 50 “Cash”.

Wages are issued from the organization's cash desk within three days from the date of its receipt from the bank account, after which the amounts of unpaid wages are transferred to the bank account.

Based on the employee’s application, the wages due to him can be transferred to the bank account specified by him (plastic card), which will be reflected in the accounting records as follows:

Debit of account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages” and

The transfer of personal income tax withheld from an employee’s salary to the budget is reflected in the accounting records by the entry:

Debit account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees” and

Account credit 51 “Current account”.

To account for the organization’s settlements with state extra-budgetary funds for insurance contributions for compulsory social insurance of employees, active-passive synthetic account 69 “Settlements for social insurance and security” is used, for the development of which the following sub-accounts are opened:

69-1 “Calculations for social insurance”;

69-2 “Calculations for pension provision”;

69-3 “Calculations for social insurance and security” has the following structure:

Check

Account 69 “Calculations for social insurance and security” has an expanded balance, the debit balance is reflected in the balance sheet asset in section II “Current assets” as part of short-term receivables, the credit balance on this account is reflected in the balance sheet liability in section V “Short-term liabilities” a separate article “Debt to state extra-budgetary funds”.

Accrued amounts to the listed state extra-budgetary funds are reflected in the credit of account 69 “Calculations for social insurance and security” in correspondence with the debit of those accounts for accounting for production and management costs to which the amounts of accrued wages in respect of which insurance contributions were calculated were allocated .

Part of the amounts subject to transfer to the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation can be used by the organization to pay temporary disability benefits to employees, etc. Accordingly, the amount of the organization's debt subject to transfer to the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation will be reduced by the amount of temporary disability benefits accrued to the organization's employees. , which will be reflected in the debit of account 69 “Settlements for social insurance and security” in correspondence with the credit of account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages”, since the organization has accounts payable to employees for the payment of accrued benefits to them.

As the monthly mandatory payments for insurance premiums become due, the organization transfers them by bank transfer to the relevant state extra-budgetary funds (minus the amounts actually paid to employees from the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation).

The business transaction for the transfer of insurance contributions will be reflected in the debit of account 69 “Calculations for social insurance and security” and its corresponding subaccounts 1 “Calculations for social insurance”, 2 “Calculations for pension provision”, 3 “Calculations for compulsory medical insurance” in correspondence with the credit of account 51 “Current accounts”.

Payers of insurance premiums are required to keep records of the amounts of accrued payments and other remunerations, the amounts of insurance premiums related to them, in relation to each individual in whose favor the payments were made.

Accounting records for accounting transactions for settlements with personnel for wages are given in Table 8.2.

Table 8.2

Set of standard accounting entries for accounting transactions

according to settlements with personnel for wages

Typical entries for payroll calculation and distribution

When calculating vacation amounts, the costs of the reporting month include only the amounts of vacation pay attributable to the given month. Amounts of vacation pay that fall within the next month are taken into account as deferred expenses. When the corresponding month arrives, deferred expenses are included in the expenses of the reporting month.

An accounting employee goes on vacation on September 27 for 28 calendar days. There are 4 days of vacation in September, 23 in October. The average salary per day is 500 rubles. Vacation pay was accrued in the amount of 14,000. The amount of vacation pay that falls on September is 2,000 rubles, on October - 12,000 rubles.

The company can reserve amounts for vacation pay. This is due to the fact that many employees go on vacation, usually during a certain period (summer), therefore, during this period more funds are required to pay for vacations. In order to have these funds, an enterprise can create a reserve for vacation pay, which is accounted for in account 96 “Reserves for upcoming expenses”, a subaccount - a reserve for vacation pay. It is formed from the amounts of accrued salary (basic and additional) and insurance contributions from this salary. A special calculation is made and the percentage of contributions to the reserve for vacation pay is determined

At the end of the year, an inventory of the reserve is made, either a reversal entry is made for the amount of the excessively created reserve, or an additional one is made if payments exceed the amount of the created reserve.

Accounting for deductions from wages

All deductions from salary are reflected in Dt 70 and Kt of the corresponding accounts.

Accounting for issued salary

The company independently sets the terms for issuing salaries. In accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, salary must be paid at least once every half month. For the first half of the month, the employee is given an advance in the amount of up to 40% of earnings for the month. At the end of the month, the final payment is made. When an advance is issued, no deductions are made from the salary and insurance premiums are not charged on the salary.

Based on the results of the reporting month, the amount of payment to the employee in the final calculation is determined by the formula:

Currently, there are two ways to pay salary:

ñ cash

ñ non-cash

Cash payment method

The cashier receives cash for the payment of salary and advance payment from the bank by check. When receiving money for the past month as a final payment, you must submit payment orders to the bank for the transfer of personal income tax and insurance premiums. Payment of an advance from salary can be made according to the Payroll or Payroll. The salary is issued from the cash desk within 3 working days, after which the statement is closed.

Salary not issued on time is deposited. Against the name of an employee who did not receive his salary on time, instead of his signature, a stamp is placed on the payroll - deposited. A register of deposited amounts is compiled and the register is submitted to the accounting department.

Settlements on deposited amounts are carried out on account 76/Settlements on deposited amounts. A special book “Accounting for deposited amounts” is filled out.

The deposited salary is issued from the cash desk at the request of the employee.

Non-cash payment method

With this method, the advance and salary are transferred to the employee’s bank cards. The method can only be used with the consent of employees: a special card account is opened for them and a plastic card is issued. The salary of all employees is transferred to card accounts in one payment order, and a salary payment register is attached to it. One copy is returned to the enterprise with a mark of transfer, which confirms the fact of repayment of accounts payable to employees. The employee is given a pay slip.

According to Article 236 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, if the employer violates the established deadline for payment of salary, vacations, etc., the Employer must repay them with interest (cash compensation). The minimum amount of compensation must be at least 1/300 of the refinancing rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in force at that time from the amounts not paid on time for each day of delay. Compensation is accrued from the next day after the established day of payment until the day of actual settlement, inclusive. The amount of compensation may be increased and must be established in the appropriate document (collective agreement or other local regulatory act). The obligation to pay compensation arises regardless of the employer’s fault.

The central bank refinance rate is the interest rate at which the central bank lends money to other banks. This is mentioned in Article 40 of Federal Law No. 86 “On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)”. Refinancing refers to lending by the Bank of Russia to credit institutions. The forms, procedure and conditions of refinancing are established by the Bank of Russia.

Commercial banks actively use loans from the Central Bank of the Russian Federation for lending to both individuals and enterprises. Banks also attract funds from citizens through bank deposits. Banks also borrow money from each other using the interbank lending market; interest on such loans also depends on the refinancing rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

Compensations paid to employees in connection with delayed salaries, within the limits established by law, are not subject to personal income tax.

Example.

The salary payment deadline is set on the 2nd of every month. Due to the lack of funds on account, employees were delayed in paying their salaries for September in the amount of 15,290.95 rubles. The salary was paid on October 10. Refinancing rate - 8.25%.

Number of days of delay in salary payment (3/10-19/10 - 8 days)

Calculation of compensation amount

∑ = 15290.95 * 8.25 *1/300 * 8 = 33.64 rubles

Account 70 in accounting is intended to reflect settlement transactions with employees of the enterprise. The amount of established wages (salary or piecework), as well as bonuses and other additional payments are recorded in the account. The deduction of material damage is reflected in the debit of the account.

general characteristics

To immediately eliminate all questions about which account 70 is, active or passive, let’s analyze its structure. Payments to employees are a short-term accounts payable of the enterprise, and any accounts payable are a source of funds. In addition, account 70 has only a credit balance. Therefore, it is a passive synthetic account.

An account with a passive structure involves the reflection of funds being credited as a loan, and debits as a debit. At the end of the reporting period, the accountant will calculate credit and debit turnover and highlight the final balance. The value of the amount of payment obligations will be reflected in the financial statements of the enterprise.

Analytical accounting accounts are opened for each employee separately. For example, to reflect remuneration for the work of employee V.V. Sidorov will open a 70.1 account. Additionally, for each employee the accountant maintains:

• personal income tax card;
• pay slip;
• document on settlements and payments;
• pay slip.

Account 70 in accounting is used in the course of financial activities by each organization.

Account debit transactions 70

The 70th account corresponds by debit with the accounts:

• accounting for money;
• accounting of settlement transactions (from 66 to 69 inclusive, 73, 76, 79);
• financial result (90, 91, 93, 94).

A debit operation will mean reducing the company's accounts payable to the employee or deducting amounts for taxes and fees, material damage.

Account credit transactions 70

The posting indicating “credit account 70” characterizes the entry of wages, vacation pay and social benefits. For the loan, account 70 corresponds with the accounts:

• accounting for production costs (section III of the chart of accounts);
• accounting of finished products and goods (44);
• money accounting (50);
• accounting for social insurance contributions (69) and accounts 76, 77, 79;
• financial result of the enterprise (90, 91, 96.97);
• capital (84).

A posting indicating account 70 in the credit will always mean the accrual of funds to the employee, be it wages or incentive payments.

Accounting for deposited amounts

Funds not received by the employee from the company's cash desk on time are transferred to storage. The accountant makes an account assignment Dt 70 Kt 76 (subaccount "Depositors") indicating the deposited amount, after which the funds are transferred for safekeeping to the bank. Additionally, the auditor issues an expense cash document.

Deposited wages are stored for 3 years, after which they can be written off as income of the organization (Dt 76 Kt 91).

Payment in kind

Some manufacturing enterprises may pay labor using their own goods. This takes into account the market value of the products, which includes VAT and excise tax. The following entries are made: Dt 70, Kt 90, 91. Next, the accountant reflects the cost of goods issued as wages. The deduction of amounts for taxes and obligatory payments to the budget occurs in the same manner as in cash payments.

Characteristics of deductions from wages

The administration has the right to deduct from the employee’s monetary remuneration the amount of material damage or defects that occurred through his fault. The financially responsible individual, according to the contract, pays the full or partial amount of damage caused to the organization.

The full amount of expenses to be reimbursed in connection with the damage is charged to the employee if the liability agreement stipulates the obligation to fully repay the amount of material damage to the object deposited for storage. In a particular case, the responsible persons are cashiers, manager. warehouse and storage rooms, as well as all those who accept money from buyers and other persons without the participation of a cash register.

Partial repayment of the amount of material damage implies reimbursement of funds within a pre-agreed limit (for example, no more than the average monthly salary). The amount is calculated based on the actual losses of the enterprise according to accounting data.

Example of reflection of the retention process

Let's consider the situation in an organization with the onset of financial liability:

It was established that the employee disabled a device with a book value of 7,000 rubles, the amount of accumulated depreciation was 1,600 rubles. It is necessary to reimburse 5400 rubles.

Amounts to be deducted from the employee’s wages are reflected in account 70 (debit) and account credit 73.3. If the debt is repaid through the cash register, account 70 is not used.

The accountant will record the transaction with the following entries:

1. Dt 73.3 Kt 94 – 5400 rub. – the amount of material damage is attributed to the organization’s employee.
2. Dt 70 Kt 73.3 – 5400 rub. – the amount is deducted from the employee’s remuneration.
3. Dt 94 Kt 91 – 5400 rub. – the amount of loss is compensated.

If the employee repaid the debt through the cash register, instead of the second posting, the following entry is made: Dt 50 Kt 73.3.

Withholding amounts for marriage

Defects, depending on the severity of the defects, are divided into correctable and irreparable. A correctable defect entails the company's expenses for repair work, which the employee will reimburse. If the defect is irreparable, the amount of compensation for damage consists of the costs of producing defective products minus the benefits received after liquidation.

Payment of expenses in connection with irreparable defects is made on the basis of the difference in the debit and credit turnover of account 28. The identified total amount of losses from defects is recorded in the debit of the account. 70.

Personal income tax

Personal income tax is a mandatory payment to the budget, deducted from the amount of remuneration for the employee’s work. Tax policy allows you to apply tax deductions on certain employee income:

• the amount of minimum income that is not taxed;
• deductions based on social status, charity;
• professional deductions;
• property deductions.

The tax rate for most taxpayers in 2016 remains the same – 13%. The accrual of personal income tax is reflected by correspondence: Dt 70 “Settlements with employees for wages” Kt 68 (subaccount “Personal income tax”).

Postings

Account 70 in accounting characterizes many transactions. Let's look at the main transactions for account 70:

Account 70 in accounting combines many transactions carried out by the company on a monthly basis. At the end of the reporting period, the auditor calculates the credit balance and includes it in the liability item of the balance sheet. The balance reflected on the account indicates that the company has accounts payable to employees. It is important to correctly keep records of salary obligations, because account 70 in accounting also reflects the accrual of payments to the budget.