Iis conditions.

Miscellaneous

Are you planning to open an IIS? But you doubt it a little. And you think - do I need this? Get involved in this program from the state. There must be a catch somewhere. Or is everything fair?

You will learn about all the advantages and, most importantly, disadvantages of individual investment accounts. Hidden or pitfalls. And is it possible to bypass them? Nuances of use. And you will understand the benefits or disadvantages of opening an individual investment account.

Let's compare the profitability received with deposits in banks. To understand with specific numbers whether there is a benefit from using IIS. And is it worth opening an account?

So let's go!

IIS - advantages

Let's start with the positives, naturally. We will “lick” the IIS from different sides. Sticking out all his advantages.)))

Tax benefits

The most important advantage of an IIS, the reason why it is worth opening it, is the possibility of obtaining tax benefits.

The IIS owner has two options to choose from:
State refund of 13% of the amount deposited into the account

Exemption from taxes on profits received from investments.

We discussed which type of account to choose on an IIS in.

But in short, for the vast majority, in terms of “profitability”, type A or a return of 13% from the state is suitable.

You can think of this as a guaranteed additional return on your investment.

What does this give us?

You deposited 100 thousand rubles into an IIS. And with this money we bought federal loan bonds with a yield of 8% per annum. In a year you will earn 8 thousand in the form of a bond coupon. And you will receive another 13 thousand as a tax deduction.

In total, in the first year alone, using an IIS, you are guaranteed to receive 21 thousand or 21% per annum.

Introduction to the stock market

Opening an IIS is a great opportunity to get to know the stock market better. In the eyes of the majority, trading on the stock exchange seems to be the domain of professionals. And ordinary people have nothing to do there. Significant capital, knowledge and experience are required.

No one is actually forcing you to actively trade. Conduct analysis and selection of securities. Constantly monitor market conditions.

It's the same on the stock exchange. There are long-term investments based on the “ “ principle. For example, bonds that provide fixed income to owners for many years. You only need to buy them once. That's all. This concludes your participation in trading.

Higher profitability

You can earn more money in the stock market if you compare it with classic investments in deposits.

We won't talk about shares. This is for the pros. And for beginners, investing in bonds is ideal. Especially state (OFZ) or municipal ones.

When buying bonds on an IIS, you will receive a fixed, pre-known income. At the time of writing, the most reliable government securities provided a yield of 8% per annum. The yield on corporate bonds is 1-2% higher.

Can you find such an annual percentage in banks when opening a deposit? For example, Sberbank offers rates of 4-4.5% per annum. In the most reliable banks from the TOP-30 you can still find 6-7% per annum. And even a little higher. But the conditions for opening most deposits are very strict - usually, to receive the “high” promised interest, an amount from several hundred to 1-2 million is needed.

What does a difference in profitability of 1-2% give? It seems like nothing at all. A pathetic extra percentage. Well maybe two.

Let's look at it from a slightly different angle. You can receive 6% per annum on your deposit. And for bonds 8%. From an investment of one hundred thousand we have 6 and 8 thousand rubles in profit, respectively. In the second case, our income increased by 33%.

Or by opening a deposit for 4 years, you can earn 24% profit. Bonds will bring the same amount, only in 3 years!!!

Possibility of providing yourself with passive income

In recent years, the expression “passive income” has become almost a dirty word. Let me rephrase - a monthly, quarterly or annual constant source of profit.

Here we are talking about bonds and dividend stocks.

The beauty is that when buying securities you don’t have to do anything else.

All these state and non-state pension funds are of course a good thing. But in practice, most of them show not very impressive results. Many even work negatively. And the average annual yield is at the level of rates on bank deposits.

Moreover, the funds invest the money of future retirees in the same instruments traded on the stock exchange. Primarily in bonds. Which you can buy yourself. Without the help of pension funds.

The benefits are obvious:

The fund charges fees for its “management.” A little just 1-2%. We looked at what this difference leads to in the example above.
Funds need profitability indicators. To have something to provide as statistics to potential clients. To achieve this, they are forced to invest money in more aggressive instruments with increased profitability. And this doesn’t always work out. In 2017, having grabbed such “profitable” securities, many were faced with a technical one. And the money was crying. And many NPFs even suffered losses at the end of the year.

Eternal extra income

Of course, we’ll put the word “eternal” in quotation marks. But while the IIS program is in effect, you can receive your 13% every year.

The validity period of the investment account is not limited. And as long as you deposit money, you are entitled to deductions. And this is an additional and most importantly guaranteed profitability.

Many people have the belief that the lifespan of an IIS is 3 years. And after this period it must be closed.

I’ll add on my own – 3 years is the minimum term. The top bar is not limited. Until the law is repealed (or changed).

Therefore, for now we are using and surviving profitability to the maximum.

IIS - disadvantages

Here you go. We have sung the praises of IIS from all sides. Now let's pour some ointment into this barrel of ointment. How much it will be - a small spoon or a whole bucket is up to you.

Freeze for 3 years

When opening an IIS, you cannot withdraw money from the account until the end of the 3-year period. This is probably the biggest drawback of investment accounts.

But there is a slight misconception or misunderstanding here.

Firstly, you can withdraw money at any time. Another thing is that in this case the right to receive 13% as a deduction will be lost.

Secondly, the validity period of the IIS does not begin from the moment funds are deposited into the account. And from the date of conclusion of the contract. But when to deposit money (immediately, in a month or a year) is your right. Therefore, there are several ways to reduce the period of time that money remains in an IIS.

You can test it with a small amount at the beginning. To familiarize yourself with the principles of purchasing securities on the stock exchange. And the main amount can be deposited in the 2nd or even the last year of the IIS.

As a result, the period is reduced to 1-2 years. And you have all the same tax refund benefits.

Unofficial or small income

To receive a 13% tax deduction, the owner of the IIS must have official income. On which all taxes have been paid. After all, a tax deduction, simply put, is a tax refund. How much you paid to the treasury is how much you can get back. At least not anymore.

If there is no income, or it is very small, then you will have to choose the second type of IIS or type A. But it does not shine with “profitability”.

The second point follows from the first. If you are eligible for tax benefits under other programs (primarily mortgages), then you will be able to take advantage of the IIS refund only to the extent of the remaining amount.

For example. During the year, 100 thousand was paid (withheld) in taxes. And there is a mortgage that can pay back this entire amount. Is it necessary to open an IIS then? Probably not. You still won’t get any benefits from opening an IIS. But if you still want to try and feel the stock market with your own hands, open a regular brokerage account.

Which is not subject to freezing for 3 years.

Only one deduction

The deduction can only be received once for the amount of funds deposited.

Brokers mainly “promote” the high profitability of IIS by promising 25-30% per annum. But even so. We are talking only about the first year of validity of the IIS.

They deposited money. Invested in bonds. We received a deduction. And then the income will come only from your investments.

As a result, the increased profitability from receiving 13% is, as it were, “spread out” over 3 years. And on average it will be +4.33% to the annual annual profit.

Next year, when you deposit funds, the profit from the deduction will last for 2 years. Here we have +6.5% profit.

For the last year, they donated money and received +13% in full.

The stock market is a risky investment

Indeed, investing in the stock market, especially stocks, is risky. You can both earn and lose. Naturally not all. But only a part. But it’s still somehow unpleasant.

But no one is forcing you to buy shares. There are fixed income debt securities. Both government and corporate. If we talk about corporate ones, then only the securities of the largest companies: Sberbank, Gazprom, Lukoil, Rosneft. By thinking, no one will have the idea that they are unreliable.

By purchasing reliable bonds, we eliminate the risk of default (or at least reduce it to almost zero).

Preparation of the declaration

The money itself in the form of a 13% return will not fall into your hands. To obtain a tax deduction itself, you need to spend time. Collect all the “papers”, fill out the declaration and submit it to the tax office.

For those who have never encountered this, it sounds very troublesome. Collect something, fill something, carry something.

Consider taking a deduction as payment for the “paperwork.”

Other nuances

You need to spend time at least understanding the basics of the stock market. How and what to buy. Where to see profitability. How to choose more profitable securities to buy. In some cases, you need to understand the trading program.

Many brokers already have the ability to purchase securities through their own online applications or personal account. There, the main procedure comes down to just pressing two buttons “Buy” and “Sell”. Making the stock market clearer and closer to novice investors.

Broker commissions

When you take out an IRA from a broker, you will incur additional costs. A broker is an intermediary between you and the exchange. And he charges a pretty penny for his mediation.

How many? The commission itself is negligible, especially if you do not plan to actively trade. Deposit money into an IIS, buy bonds and hold them until the end of the term. Pay only for 2 operations: purchases and sales.

On average, commissions vary from 0.1% (very expensive) to 0.01% of the transaction amount.

To make it more clear, let's look at the numbers.

You deposited 100 thousand into an IIS and bought all the bonds. And so every year. Deposit 100,000 rubles. By the time your IIS ends, you decide to sell everything and withdraw funds.

How much will you pay the broker for these operations? Purchase: 3 times 100 thousand. And the sale is 1 operation per 300 thousand. The total trade turnover on the account will be 600,000 rubles.

Your fee to the broker is from 60 rubles (with a commission of 0.01%) to 600 rubles (with an expensive commission of 0.1%). On average, focus on 0.05-0.07%.

A much larger cost factor is the monthly brokerage fee. You need to choose brokers who completely lack it. Otherwise, you will have to pay 100-200 or even 300 rubles monthly.

IIS is not insured

We are accustomed to the fact that bank deposits are insured by the DIA in the amount of 1.4 million rubles.

How are things going with IIS? No insurance. It’s scary to give money to “it’s unclear to whom.”

Don't panic. All funds, or rather purchased securities, are not stored with the broker. And in a special repository - depositories. All bonds and shares nowadays are in book-entry or electronic form. And the right to own papers is indicated by a digital code or an entry in the register.

If the broker goes bankrupt, all your securities will be kept in the depository. All you need to do in this case is to switch to another broker. And continue trading through it.

Do not forget that the broker only provides access to the exchange.

In terms of reliability, federal loan bonds will surpass any bank. Payments are guaranteed (especially to individuals). The only reason why you may not receive money is a state default.
In 1998, Russia defaulted on its obligations. Simply put, she stopped paying her debts. Including bonds. But...OFZ owners, individuals, citizens of the Russian Federation, received all the money in full. Only non-residents and legal entities were targeted.

We calculate and compare profitability

In the end, I would like you to use a clear example to understand the benefits of the IIS program.

Let's compare, using real figures and examples, the final profitability of IIS and bank deposits for a period of 3 years.

For example, let’s assume that every year you will deposit 100 thousand rubles.

Bank deposit: in a reliable bank you can open a deposit at 6% per annum. For calculations we will use .

We get in 3 years we will have 337,461 rubles in our account. Net profit - 37.46 thousand or 12.5%.

According to the IIS program. We will buy the most reliable OFZ bonds with a yield of 8% per year.

After 3 years we have 350,611 rubles. Net profit 50.6 thousand or 16.8%.

As you can see, even without applying the tax deduction, investments in bonds gave 1.35 times more profit. This information is for those who doubt whether they can keep the money in their account for the full 3 years.

In 3 years we will be able to receive 3 deductions of 13 thousand or 39 thousand rubles.

As a result, this will give us almost 90 thousand rubles.

If the received deductions are deposited back into the IIS and invested in bonds, we will have double income. With the “new money” we will again be entitled to 13%. A little more than 5 thousand. And profit from investments in bonds. True, the investment period is reduced to 2 years (we will receive the first deduction in the 2nd year, the second deduction only in the third). But we will have time to earn an additional 3 thousand.

Over the three years of IIS operation, we will earn a total of 99 thousand rubles, taking into account deductions and reinvestment, or 33% of the deposited amounts.
Compared with the result on the deposit (12.5%), the profitability on IIS is 2.64 times higher!!!

How and where is it better to open an individual investment account (IIA) in 2019?

Many outstanding entrepreneurs have repeatedly spoken out about such a useful thing as long-term investments. Thus, Warren Buffett, who heads Berkshire Hathaway, constantly talks about this in his regular letters to the company’s shareholders. John Bogle, the legendary creator of the Vanguard Group, says the same thing.

For a non-specialist, this is of significant importance, since he is especially at risk of losing funds on the exchange if he begins to engage in intraday trading on it.

The Russians have an excellent tool, which is an individual investment account. This is placed with a brokerage service - which, in turn, helps an individual (subject to some restrictions on the part of the latter) to receive a serious profit due to tax benefits.

The domestic market first saw such a mechanism in 2015, the reason for this was the update of the legislation on the stock market along with updates to the country’s Tax Code.

Important to know about IIS

An account can only be created by a private individual, either with a brokerage company or directly with a bank. The requirements include taxation on the territory of the Russian Federation (presence in the country from 183 days a year). There is a rule: one account - one individual.

Which brokerage company is best to open an investment account with? Check out the rating of the best brokers in Russia in 2017.

The account itself is not limited in time, but in order for tax benefits to be applied, it is necessary to maintain a minimum investment period, the value of which is 3 years and which begins from the date of signing the agreement.

Only a ruble account is allowed, and within 12 months you can replenish it with an amount of no more than 1 million rubles, although before 06/18/17 the limit was 400 thousand rubles. It is not necessary to replenish the IIS additionally annually. However, it is unacceptable to withdraw part of the funds back.

You should also be aware of bank and brokerage commissions for working with securities.

Tools on IIS

At the same time, any investment options are possible that are applicable on the leading Russian trading platforms in Moscow and St. Petersburg. This:

shares of Russian and foreign enterprises;
bonds of municipalities, corporations, sovereign;
currency;
shares of mutual funds;
derivative methods (options, futures trading, etc.).

Please note that some brokers and banking institutions do not allow certain instruments, issuers, etc. Please contact your broker for a complete list of supported investment methods.

IIS and tax deduction

The main advantage of the account is the return of part of the investment, which ultimately increases profitability. Moreover, there are 2 types of tax preferences for IIS owners.

Deductionfor contribution

In this situation, an individual is provided with a 13% refund of the amount that was credited in the previous year, but its maximum amount is limited to 130,000 rubles.

Important: a deduction is possible when the investor declared profit for the previous period (i.e., there was a tax payment), and the maximum refund cannot be more than the tax amount.

If less than 3 years have passed after opening an individual investment account, replenishing it, submitting an application for return and then receiving it, the law obliges the investor to return the funds to the state.

If the investor closes the account, then 13% tax will be withheld from the profit received.

Deductionon income

Such a deduction exempts an individual from taxation in the form of personal income tax on the amount of all income credited in the course of operations using an IIS. The law provides for the use of a deduction without the mandatory ownership of other taxable income.

An individual can count on such a return only after 3 years from the date of creation of the IIS. If it is closed earlier than 3 years from the date of formation, the state will withhold personal income tax in the amount of 13%, similar to the scheme for a brokerage account.

It is important to take into account all the nuances and details of investing when choosing the type of deduction, including the method of investment and the tax rate on profits. For example, personal income tax does not apply to payments on coupons and domestic government bonds. If you purchase OFZ, for example, you can get a refund on your contribution.

Receiving a tax deduction

If we are talking about a deduction for replenishment (contributions), the investor applies to the tax office in the year following the year in which the replenishment was made. In this case, it is necessary to confirm the contributions with a 3-NDFL declaration, attaching the following documents to it:

confirmation of receipt of last year's profit with a tax rate of 13% (for example, a certificate 2-personal income tax from the organization in which the private person works);
confirmation of the creation of an individual investment account and the transfer of funds to it (can be provided by a broker);
application for a refund, for this you will need to provide bank details.

If a deduction for income is implied, then the individual must, when terminating the contract, give the bank or broker a certificate from the tax office stating that there are no cases of receiving deductions for replenishment.

Thus, the bank (or broker) will not be able to pay the money with the withholding of 13% personal income tax.

Not all of our fellow citizens currently know how and where to properly invest their own savings. Of course, bank deposits are still popular to this day due to the fact that individuals do not yet know this real opportunity to earn a little more thanks to an individual investment account, and there are even those who do not know how this system works. Let's try to figure out what it is, what benefits such accounts provide to the client, and also how to open an individual account.

What is IIS

In simple terms, an individual investment account is investing your own savings in assets with the aim of making a profit. That is, you entrust your capital to a broker or management company, and they, in turn, invest money in profitable projects and receive income. You can choose your own intermediary, terms of cooperation and even ways to receive benefits.

This practice appeared in our country not so long ago, namely on January 1, 2015, the purpose of creating investment accounts is to attract money from individuals, thereby making financing cheaper. A few years earlier, bank lending was used as financing, that is, thanks to investment accounts, the bank is excluded from the chain, and, therefore, the need for lending disappears. Of course, in practice the scheme looks much more complicated, but potential investors only need to know that the money is working for them, and the profit from their work is no less than 1.5% higher than the bank deposit.

Before you open an individual investment account, you need to know all the ways to earn income from your own investments, and at the moment there are two schemes:

A profit of 13% on all investments for one calendar year, this option is ideal for taxpayers.
Deduction of investment income tax in the amount of 13% on the profits you received from your investments in the stock market.

Please note that your choice of income depends on whether you are officially employed and pay income tax or not. The fact is that if you are not officially employed and do not pay income tax, then only the second option is suitable for you.

But in this case, each potential investor is faced with a choice of which profitability scheme is better to choose, at least if you are legally employed, then both schemes are suitable for you. Here, to begin with, it is better to choose the first option, with it you are guaranteed to receive an income of 13% of the investment amount, regardless of other circumstances. Moreover, if you invest money into your individual account every year, you will receive benefits every year.

In the second option, you will not receive the 13% benefit on your investment, but instead you will have income from the investment and will not have to pay income tax on it. As mentioned above, even if you do not work officially, you can in any case become a private investor. As for the amount of profit, it will probably be larger in the first option.

By the way, there are several rules of investing that everyone should know:

You can open an account for a period of at least three years, you can withdraw money earlier than the period established by law, but in this case you will lose a profitability of 13% when choosing the first profit accrual scheme, and if you previously received 13%, you will have to return it to the state.
You can first open an account, then decide on the profit accrual scheme; this can be done at the end of the investment period; you cannot choose both at the same time.
Only citizens of our country and tax residents can open an account; the account is opened exclusively in domestic currency.
One person can open only one account, and if you made investments through one intermediary, then in the future you can transfer your savings to another, but you can open a new account only after you have closed the first one.
The maximum investment amount for one calendar year should not exceed 400,000 rubles, the maximum tax deduction amount is 52,000 rubles, that is, 13%.

Please note that individual investment accounts are not under government protection, unlike bank deposits.

How to open an account

Opening an IIS consists of several stages. First of all, you need to determine where it is better to open an IIS, because this can be done in two ways through a broker or management company. Brokers are essentially intermediaries through which you can become a participant in the stock market. The scheme of working with brokers is quite simple: you can make your own decisions, and your intermediary will implement them, for the reason that, by law, individuals cannot be bidders. Here you directly control your investment income. Brokerage services are paid; as a rule, the remuneration is expressed as a percentage of the transaction.

In another option, you can contact the management company, and they, in turn, are subsidiaries of commercial banks. For example, Sberbank, Otkritie, VTB, Alfa Bank provide this opportunity. Here the work scheme will be somewhat simpler, you simply enter into an agreement with a management company and transfer your savings to trust management, and company representatives can manage them independently.

You just need to make the right choice: high-yield projects with high risk and, conversely, low risk and low profitability.

Please note that the activities of brokers and management companies are regulated by the Central Bank of Russia; this is a licensed type of activity, so before concluding an agreement, be sure to make sure that your intermediary operates legally; this can be done on the official website of the Bank of Russia.

Choosing a company

At the next stage, you need to apply to open an account, you can find out how to do this on the official website of the broker or management company you have chosen. If you have any questions about opening accounts, be sure to use the hotline. In any case, you will have to visit the organization’s office and write an application, but many management companies provide the opportunity to write an application remotely, that is, on the official website, however, here, the client will probably be required to register on the State Services portal and electronic signature, but this question is worth clarifying .

Next you have to sign the agreement, there is no need to rush here, study it carefully. If you cooperate with a broker, you will get not just an agreement, but an act of accession to the company’s regulations. In both options, you will receive data to access your personal account, in which you will be able to perform some operations, in particular, top up your investment account.

Finally, after registration actions are prohibited, you will need to top up your account with a certain amount. By law, the minimum wear and tear is unlimited, but management companies can set a minimum threshold, for example, from 1000 to 5000 rubles.

By the way, if you do not have the required amount available, then there is a certain period during which you can top up your account, but all these nuances are individual.

How to get a tax deduction

So, after you deposited money into the account, it immediately went to work, employees of the management company or brokers manage the finances, they are already starting to generate income, but you still have not received the tax deduction that you are entitled to according to the law. The intermediaries themselves will not pay you any compensation; this is within the authority of the tax office, so you will need to contact them there. Here you need to go through just a few steps:

It will be quite difficult to fill out the 3-NDFL declaration, which you will have to submit to the Federal Tax Service, but most intermediaries who manage your investment account provide support and help fill out the document, for a fee, of course.

Submit the documents along with the declaration to the Federal Tax Service; this can be done in two ways: personally appear at the office at the place of registration, or remotely. By the way, it will be easier and faster to open an IIS through State Services. If you have a confirmed account, then you will need to find the appropriate service in the menu, click on the button, the system will automatically redirect you to the Federal Tax Service website, where you fill out the documents, but it should be borne in mind that you do not need to register separately on the Federal Tax Service website.

At the last stage, you need to wait for verification and transfer of funds. The process will take quite a long time, due to the fact that only the consideration of the application takes from 1 to 3 months.

Please note that when submitting documents to the Federal Tax Service, do not forget to provide your bank account number to receive a wire transfer.

Actually, at this point the process of opening an investment account will be completed; you can only wait for the end of the investment period and receive income. By the way, your money will mainly be invested in the purchase of securities, in particular government bonds. Each security brings individual income, that is, profitability can be 3–5% per year, or maybe 13–15%. It is always worth remembering that the greater the risk, the greater the profit.

Hello, dear readers of my blog! Today we will continue the topic of investing and will study the benefits of investing in IIS. The main thing that attracts investors to IIS is tax benefits, which allows you to get a good additional income. True, there are a number of details in this matter that novice investors do not pay attention to at first. Today we will figure out where it is better to open an individual investment account, what criteria to use to choose a company, and consider several the best offers on the market.

Understanding the terminology

The question of what an individual investment account is has a lot in common with a regular brokerage account, it just has tax benefits. Anyone can open it not only a resident of the Russian Federation.

Highlight 2 types of IIS depending on how the investor receives the tax benefit:

type A- in him tax is compensated, which the investor paid from his income for a certain time period. It is more convenient to understand the operating principle using an example. Let's assume your salary is 25,000 rubles; for the year, a tax of 39,000 (13% rate) is paid on this income. When investing in an IIS, you will be compensated for this amount. It should be taken into account that the maximum investment amount per year with which you can receive a deduction is 400,000 rubles, so income is limited to 52,000 rubles. Wherein total amount that can be deposited into an IIS is limited 1,000,000 rubles/year.
type B– the difference from the previous one is that the investor does not benefit from tax deductions, that is, no one compensates him for the taxes he has paid. On the other hand, when closing an account, profits are not taxed. So if you actively reinvest throughout the account (this topic is dedicated to), then it makes sense to choose this particular type of account. When it closes, it must be provided reference that the investor did not take advantage of the tax deduction.

In an account type A, no one prohibits receiving additional income from working in the stock market, but in this case, you will have to pay 13% in the form of tax on the additional income. To make the most of the benefits of the first type of IIS, it is advisable to invest regularly. As for what type of account is preferable?, then there is no universal answer. It all depends on the specific investor and his style of work. If active work is expected on the stock market, and the expected income will exceed 100% of the invested amount, then it makes sense to use an IIS type B.

Insurance of investment accounts

Question safety of funds When investing, it is always particularly acute. If you are worried about IIS - whether your deposit is insured by the state or not, then I hasten to reassure you, deposit insurance provided. From this point of view, an individual investment account is even more profitable than a bank deposit, for which the state guarantees the return of not the entire deposit, but a maximum of 1.4 million rubles.

Since 2015, the procedure has been greatly simplified, so you can even open an IIS remotely. This has provoked an increase in the number of open accounts of this type recently. You can open an IIS on one's own through government services. The process takes at most A couple of minutes.

Where is the best place to open an IIS?

You can open an IIS:

at the broker;
from a bank with a license for brokerage activities;
from the management company.

Practice of opening investment accounts in the world

IIS is not a unique offer for Russia. This practice is widespread in the world; working conditions differ, as do the maximum possible investment amounts. For example, in England you can open ISA(individual savings accounts), and you can invest up to £15,000 in them. IN USA there are similar pension accounts ( IRA), V Canada – RRSP, that is, registered pension savings plans. Risks when investing are small, this explains the popularity of IIS among the population.

What you should pay attention to when choosing

The choice can be difficult, especially if you haven't used investment accounts before. When asking where it is better to open an IIS, consider the following factors:

are you going invest immediately or some time after opening an account. If you plan to do this not at the time of opening the account, but later, then immediately cross off management companies from the list of applicants. You immediately need to deposit a certain amount into your IIS;

opportunity to open an account online. For example, VTB 24 does not provide such an opportunity, so if there is no branch in your city, it is automatically eliminated from the applicants;
minimum amount limit;
turnover commission;
monthly fee;
quality of technical support work. A very important point, especially for beginners. Employees should not “float” in matters of investment. From this point of view, BCS is beyond competition - the support works at a high level and the chance of running into a newcomer is extremely small;
what markets are available for IIS. It all depends on the preferences of the investor; companies have different attitudes to this issue. For example, there are no restrictions in Finam, but Promsvyazbank does not provide the opportunity to work with the foreign exchange and derivatives markets for IIS;
offered products and working conditions for them. There are very large differences in these parameters. Some brokers are suitable for investors with small capital, while others, on the contrary, are more focused on investors with amounts close to the maximum. For example, VTB 24 offers for deposits from 300,000 rubles the opportunity to use autofollowing strategies through a broker, and the broker Opening- twice as many strategies for deposits from 50,000 rubles.

Next I prepared a small review of the best In my opinion proposals for opening an IIS. Not only working conditions were taken into account, but also feedback from investors. This will help you save time by independently studying the conditions provided by companies.

Finam

The broker makes it possible to open an IIS online. At the same time, the investor gets the opportunity to work for stock, futures and foreign exchange markets, it is possible to trade on the St. Petersburg and Moscow exchanges. Funds are credited to single account, from which the investor gets access to several trading platforms at once.

You can start investing now from 5000 rubles, however, it is difficult to count on serious income with such an amount, besides, trading operations will be blocked until the amount of funds in the account exceeds 30,000 rubles. So I recommend focusing on this amount as a minimum. There is a small online calculator on the site. By entering the expected investment amounts, you can get a recommendation on what is more profitable - getting a tax deduction or exempting profits from taxes.

At the moment, the commission is the same for any turnover up to 1 million rubles and amounts to 0.0354%. Eat autofollow strategies, profitability depends on the degree of risk.

Commission

A little more about commissions:

MOEX stock section– for a turnover of up to 1 million rubles, the commission is equal to 0,0354% ;
currency section– with a turnover of up to 1 million rubles 0,0332% ;
urgent section ( futures and options) – $0.45 per contract;
US stock market– for turnover up to $17,000 the commission is 0,0354% .

There is also a management company on the market “ Finam management" Here, the lower threshold for investing in IIS is already from 300,000 rubles.
Funds are credited to the account without commission from the company, possibly early closure of IIS no penalty on the part of the broker. In this case, the deduction from investment income is 10%.

BKS

Offers to open an individual investment account and invest from 300,000 rubles. You can work with the stock, derivatives and foreign exchange markets, you have access to the Moscow Exchange, but there is no access to SPBEXCHANGE. You can open an IIS, as in the case of Finam, online. Available margin lending at 14.5% for sales and 17.5% for longs.

Commission depends on turnover and ranges from 0.0354% for turnover up to 1 million rubles to 0.0177% for turnover from 15 million rubles. It cannot be less than 35.4 rubles per transaction. You can choose a tariff option without this limitation, but in this case you will have to work with high percentages. First month valid preferential offer, within which the commission is 0.0177% regardless of the turnover achieved. There are other options - a comparison of tariffs can be done on the broker's website, but BCS Start is optimal for IIS.

Among the interesting proposals, I would like to note the possibility investing in notes(ruble and foreign currency). The yield on them ranges from 12.5% to 14.5% per annum, respectively. You can invest in OFZ portfolio or in bond portfolio, the profitability in this case will be slightly lower.

To work, use the web version of Kwik or the terminal version for mobile devices.

Zerich

The broker makes it possible to open an IIS online. Offered 2 types of investment in IIS:

« State reliability" The minimum investment threshold is 30,000 rubles, the investor receives a 13% tax deduction + approximately 10% income from investment in bonds. This tariff assumes investing funds in OFZ, the income of 10% on the website is indicated as an approximate value, in reality it may be higher. The maximum investment amount per year is 1 million rubles.
« Currency stability" The investor receives the same 13% tax deduction + up to 9.5% income in foreign currency. In this case, the invested funds are invested in Eurobonds. Threshold for investment from 100,000 rubles.

Commissions

There is no separate tariff for IIS, within the tariff “ Universal» commissions are as follows:

for the stock market– 0.055% of the transaction volume;
for the foreign exchange market– 0.03% of the transaction volume;
derivatives market– 0.85 rubles for 1 contract;
available margin lending, the percentage is calculated using the formula 9% + market rate, for securities 15%.

One of the tariff requirements " Universal» - investments from 100,000 rubles. There are other tariff options, for example, “ Negotiable", there is no requirement for the size of the deposit at all. But the commission is also higher, for example, in the foreign exchange market you will have to pay from 0.075%. This broker has a good implementation, so if you are thinking about starting to work in the stock market on your own, then pay attention to him.

Opening

It stands out from others because There is no minimum required amount to invest in IIS. After opening and replenishing an account, the investor receives full access to the stock, derivatives and foreign exchange markets, and can work on MOEX. SPBEXCHANGE is not available.

Stands out separate tariff for individual investment accounts. Briefly about the working conditions and commissions:

stocks and bonds– from 0.04 rubles per transaction or 0.057% of its volume;
Eurobonds on MOEX– 0.04 rubles or 0.015%;
currency market– 1 ruble per transaction or 0.035%;
available margin lending at 13% for sales and 18.4% for purchases;
work is carried out through QUIK, the cost of monthly access is 250 rubles. This amount is not charged to those clients whose balance with the company is equal to or exceeds 50,000 rubles.

I note that tariffs are given for self-managed IIS. There is another type of tariff called Model portfolio (IIS), is aimed at those who are going to use the services of analysts rather than trade on their own. In principle, if you are new to the market and don’t even know, then it’s better to stop there.

Management company "Otkritie"

Access to the IIS is also provided by the management company OTKRITIE Management Company LLC; do not confuse it with the broker of the same name. There is no way to open an account online, besides You can only invest amounts from 50,000 rubles. The fee on investment income is up to 15%.

The discovery offers several interesting finished products:

there are options structured products with capital protection, you will need to invest from 250,000 rubles;
Can use one of the strategies with a minimum investment level from 50,000 rubles. Work with them is carried out through the management company;
I have an opportunity trade based on recommendations. In this case, notifications about which bonds to buy on the IIS come in the form of an SMS message to the client’s number or email.

Unlike brokers who almost compete with their management companies, Otkritie actively cooperates with it. This is evidenced by the fact that the products are sold through it.

VTB

VTB is inferior to the companies mentioned above in a number of indicators:

Here there is no way to open IIS remotely;
the client receives access only to the stock and derivatives markets. The Moscow and St. Petersburg stock exchanges, as well as the foreign exchange market, remain inaccessible;
commissions are higher than competitors.

We will dwell on commissions separately - for the tariff “ Professional standard»:

with a turnover of 10 million rubles – 0,02124%;
5-10 million rubles – 0,02596%;
1-5 million rubles – 0,0295%;
up to 1 million rubles – 0,0472%.

If you select " Investor standard", then the commission does not depend on turnover and is fixed 0,0413% . Of the interesting proposals, I can only mention a few autofollow strategies. Working with them is organized through a broker, and you need to have at least 300,000 rubles in your account. Signals will be issued only for shares of Russian companies trading on MOEX.

Margin lending conditions– 13% for short positions and 16.8% for long positions. Additionally, the bank charges a 0.2% commission, this commission is debited at the end of the trading session. In general, if you plan to trade on one's own, then this is not the best choice of broker for IIS. “Opening” looks much better from this point of view.

Alfa Capital

IIS is opened through a management company. This option is interesting because the company ranks first in the number of open individual investment accounts (among management companies). Another argument in its favor is the maximum amount of investor funds managed by the company.

Now conditions for working with IIS:

You can open an account online, without fussing with government services and especially without a personal visit to the company’s office;
You can invest from 10,000 rubles;
There is 3 reliable operating strategies. Funds are invested in OFZs, shares and corporate bonds. Moreover, statistics on them have been kept since 2015, that is, from the very time when everyone could afford IIS;
service cannot be called the most profitable– you will have to pay back a total of 4% (2% per annum + 2% of the invested amount).

In principle, at Alfa Capital Management Company everything is simple and clear. The most important - reliability, from this point of view, she can be classified as a leader. If you are thinking about where it is more profitable to open an IIS in terms of reliability, then definitely go to it worth a closer look.

Strategies for working with individual investment accounts

You can simply invest the funds allocated for this purpose and simply forget about them for 3 years. But to make the most of your money, it’s better to work according to strategy. It will bring maximum financial return.

I will briefly describe several strategies for working with IIS.

Reducing investment time. We remember that money cannot be withdrawn within 3 years, otherwise we will not receive a tax deduction, and a number of companies may also write off a penalty for early closure of the account. But there is loophole, allowing you to reduce the period during which money will be unavailable. To do this, you will need an IIS type A (that is, opened with a broker). An account is opened, but money is not deposited there immediately. For example, they opened it in January 2017, then in December 2018 (almost 2 years after the opening) they introduced 400,000 rubles there, and in March 2019 the state will reimburse 52,000 rubles. At the end of 2019, we again enter 400,000 rubles, receive a tax deduction in 2020 and close the account. Eventually time for freezing money has been reduced.
Selecting a broker who withdraws profits from coupons and dividends to a bank account, card, or another account with the same company. In this case, you can try to make money by buying securities with high dividends. Is it true, the risk increases sharply.
IRA for relatives. If there is a lot of money, then we take all family members and open an IIS for each. We deposit funds and receive a tax deduction.
Reinvestment– the tax deduction is immediately deposited into a regular account, and trading is carried out.
Long-term operation of the IIS. Until the account is closed, no one will collect tax on profits. So you don’t have to close your account and work in peace.
You can deposit small amounts regularly and invest in OFZs and shares. In a few years, a decent amount will accrue.

Whatever strategy you choose - choose your broker carefully. My small IIS rating will help with this.

General issues

In this section I will briefly try to answer most common questions related to IIS:

Investment term? From 3 years.
Is it possible to early account closure? Yes, but the tax deduction or exemption of profits from tax is cancelled.
Is it possible to have several IIS?? No, one person can only have 1 account.
How much can you invest?? Up to 400,000 rubles, this is the maximum for which the deduction will apply. Despite this, remember that you can deposit up to 1,000,000 rubles per year into the account.
When can I invest? If the agreement is concluded with a broker, then this can be done immediately after opening an account. It is beneficial to open an IIS so that you always have the opportunity to invest free money in it. The three-year period is counted from the date of conclusion of the contract.
How to open an IIS? Online. If this function is not available, then when visiting the office of the broker/management company.
What is the difference between a management company and a broker?? The agreement with the management company deals with trust management, and with the broker - with brokerage services.
Is it possible to transfer IIS from one broker to another?? Yes, it's possible.

Summary

If you look at it, for a number of reasons, IIS is even more profitable than a simple bank deposit. In a bank, your money will bring you no more income than that specified in the contract, but when working with an IIS, there is a real chance to receive more. Moreover, let's not forget that IIS insurance covers the entire amount, and not a certain part of the deposit, as happens with a bank deposit.

So my advice to you is to select a broker (preferably from among those considered) and open an IIS. It will not need to be replenished immediately, but when free money appears, you can invest it and reduce the freezing time. Remember - the optimal time for investment is December, the tax deduction will be issued in the spring of next year for the previous year.

This is where I propose to finish our brief review of individual investment accounts. Ask all questions in the comments and don’t forget to subscribe to my blog updates. I promise there will be many more interesting things.

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