What does the treasury do? What is the Treasury: bodies of the Federal Treasury Territorial branch of the Federal Treasury.

Among the most important Russian financial bodies is the Federal Treasury. What problems does it solve? How is the management of this government structure organized?

Federal Treasury: regulatory regulation

What tasks the Federal Treasury solves and the functions performed by it are regulated at the level of individual regulations. The main one can be called Government Resolution No. 703, adopted on December 1, 2004. This regulatory act regulates how the Federal Treasury system functions, how the management of this institution is organized, and many other aspects of the activities of the relevant government structure.

The specified source of law also determines the coordinates of the agency in question. Where is the Federal Treasury located? The address of the department, which is noteworthy, is indicated in the regulatory legislation in several paragraphs. One of them: Moscow, st. Ilyinka, 7, 9, and also 10/2, building 1.

Let us now study the main provisions of this regulatory act in terms of defining the tasks, powers, functions, as well as the organization of management of the Federal Treasury in more detail.

Law Enforcement Functions

In accordance with the provisions of the regulatory legislation, the agency in question performs the following main functions:

law enforcement;
control and supervisory.

In fact, they correspond to the key areas of activity carried out by the Federal Treasury.

The functions of this department, which are classified as law enforcement, are mainly related to the execution of the federal budget, as well as cash services for payments related to other legal relations within Russia. The Federal Treasury, performing the function under consideration, performs preliminary, as well as relevant financial transactions.

Control and supervisory functions of the department

Actually, control is another important area of activity for such a structure as the Federal Treasury. The functions in this area of the department’s work can be associated both with solving problems within the financial and budgetary sphere, and with interaction with private structures - for example, audit firms. Control is complemented by supervision - an activity that does not involve significant interference in the economic activities of subjects of the budget process and other organizations related to this area.

The functions of the government structure in question can be expanded and supplemented - based on the order of execution of its powers, as well as the specifics of solving the tasks assigned to the department.

What powers does the Federal Treasury have?

Let us therefore consider what powers of the Federal Treasury are established by regulatory legislation. These include, in particular:

bringing to the attention of participants in the budget process information on liability limits, as well as the volume of government funding;
accounting for transactions related to the cash execution of the country's budget;
opening accounts with the Bank of Russia, as well as private credit institutions, for the purpose of accounting for public funds in accordance with the norms of the legislation of the Russian Federation, establishing regimes for these accounts;
opening and maintaining personal accounts for transactions of participants in the budget process;
management of the consolidated register of participants in the budget process;
accounting according to the indicators of the consolidated list of the state budget, according to liability limits;
providing the Russian Ministry of Finance with operational information, as well as reporting related to the execution of the state budget;
obtaining from participants in the budget process materials that are needed to generate reporting on the execution of the state budget;
distribution of income from the transfer of federal payments to the budget by taxpayers in accordance with the provisions of the law;
forecasting, cash planning for the distribution of state budget funds;
management of various operations within the framework of a single account of the state budget;
cash services for the execution of various budgets;
making cash payments as part of financial transactions on behalf of competent government bodies;
carrying out preliminary as well as current control over transactions with federal budget funds carried out by managers and recipients;
confirmation of financial obligations of the state budget;
application of an authorization signature as part of the exercise of the right to carry out public expenditures, taking into account the established limits;
exercising control and supervision within the budget process;
Conducting external quality control of the work results of audit firms in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
conducting an analysis of the execution of various budgetary powers by state and municipal structures;
assessment of the work results of the chief administrators of state budget funds, which is aimed at conducting internal control and audit, as well as transferring the necessary recommendations to these structures;
approval of requirements for the implementation by state and municipal control bodies of the powers established by law;
carrying out proceedings in cases related to administrative offenses in accordance with the norms of the legislation of the Russian Federation;
exercising control over the timeliness, as well as the completeness of the elimination by various subjects of the budget process of identified violations of the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as over compensation on their part for the harm caused;
representation, in the manner prescribed by law, of the interests of the state in the judicial authorities in the framework of consideration of disputes that are related to the competence of the department.

The full list of powers of the government body in question is very voluminous. It is fully disclosed in the provisions of Resolution No. 703. These powers can reflect a variety of tasks that the Federal Treasury solves, the functions that the department performs. Powers are the most important resource for the implementation of assigned tasks by any government agency, and they are provided by Russian legislation to the department in question, thus, in a fairly wide range.

Goals of the Federal Treasury

So, we have examined the powers of the Federal Treasury, now we will study what tasks this department solves. First of all, it is worth noting that they are determined by the key goals of the relevant structure. These include:

the formation of a common information space for the activities of state and municipal structures, which is related to the management of financial flows;
ensuring effective cash services for entities of various sectors within the framework of the government system;
improving calculations within the budget process;
assistance in improving the efficiency of budget management;
ensuring the reliability of the state treasury system;
development of frameworks, as well as implementation of effective personnel policies.

What tasks does the Federal Treasury solve?

In turn, the tasks of the Federal Treasury, determined based on the need to achieve the stated goals, will be as follows:

ensuring transparency, as well as accessibility for interested parties, of information about the budget process;
creation and ensuring the development of state information systems related to the management of budgetary funds;
cash services for transactions within the budget system at various levels;
ensuring the use of new technologies in work, improving the infrastructure of interaction with subjects of the budget process;
cash services for various government funds;
participation in the development of regulations governing various budget payments;
creating the necessary conditions for the integration of various processes at the level of the public procurement system, as well as budget execution;
improving approaches to building personnel policies.

Let us now study how the legislation of the Russian Federation regulates the organization of work of the state structure in question.

Organization of the work of the Federal Treasury

What place does the corresponding government structure occupy in the system of government bodies of the Russian Federation? By law, the Federal Treasury is accountable to the executive body - the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. The chief executive officer of the department is the head of the Federal Treasury. He receives his position and is also released from it by the Government of the Russian Federation on the recommendation of the head of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation.

The head of the department bears personal responsibility for the implementation by the relevant government structure of the powers assigned to it. The head of the Federal Treasury has deputies, who are also appointed and dismissed from their positions by the Government of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the head of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. At the same time, it determines how many deputies the head of the Federal Treasury should have.

Specifics of the work of territorial bodies

The government structure in question operates through territorial bodies. At the same time, one or another branch of the Federal Treasury in the regions can function along with government institutions reporting to the structure in question.

Representative offices of the relevant state organization can interact with regional executive bodies, municipal structures, and other authorized entities. However, one or another regional department of the Federal Treasury, one way or another, is subordinate to the federal center. In many cases, the entry of these structures into certain legal relations at the level of constituent entities of the Russian Federation may require sanction by higher state authorities.

Thus, both federal and regional bodies of the Federal Treasury are accountable to its head. It will be useful to consider in more detail what tasks it solves - these are defined by law in a fairly broad list.

Tasks of the head of the Federal Treasury

In accordance with regulatory legislation, the head of the Federal Treasury performs the following tasks.

First of all, this is between appointed deputies. The volume of work performed by the Federal Treasury bodies reporting to Moscow is quite large, and in order to exercise effective control over the activities of regional structures, it makes sense for the manager to distribute his responsibilities among his subordinates.

The person holding the corresponding position also solves problems related to providing the Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation with:

draft regulations on the activities of the department;
proposals regarding the determination of the maximum number, wage fund for specialists of the central apparatus, as well as territorial structures of the Federal Treasury;
proposals for the appointment of deputy heads of departments, as well as heads of territorial structures, to official positions;
project documents on the annual plan, as well as forecast indicators of the department’s work, a report on the implementation of the provisions recorded in them;
proposals related to the development of the draft state budget in terms of ensuring the activities of the department;
project documents on the regulations on the territorial structures of the department;
proposals regarding awarding state awards to employees of the central office, territorial structures of the department and other persons who work in the regulated sphere.

In addition, the head of the government structure in question solves such tasks as:

determination of persons who should work in the central office, as well as replace persons who head the Federal Treasury department in a particular region;
consideration of issues related to the performance of certain citizens in public service in the department in question;
approval of provisions regulating the activities of structural divisions within the central apparatus of the organization;
formation of the structure, as well as staffing within the central apparatus - within the limits of those resources for remuneration that are determined by the Government of the Russian Federation;
approval of cost estimates related to the financial support of the central apparatus of the department within the limits of allocations reflected in the state budget;
determining the number of staff, as well as the size of the wage fund for employees operating in the regional structures of the Federal Treasury;
establishing cost estimates related to the financing of department departments in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
approval of department regulations, documents regulating other departmental awards;
issuing orders within its competence - in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal regulations.

Summary

These are the features of organizing the work of the department in accordance with regulatory legislation. The activities of the federal treasury are strictly regulated, since this department solves the most important tasks of managing the state budget. The organization in question operates within a strict departmental vertical.

The competence of such a body as the Federal Treasury is the execution of budgets at different levels. In turn, the department is accountable to the main government body responsible for the economic development of the country - the Russian Ministry of Finance. The specificity of the legal regulation of the agency’s activities is characterized by the establishment of norms that require it to solve a wide range of problems while having, at the same time, a sufficiently large amount of powers established by federal legislation.

Budget execution can be either banking or treasury. In Russia, the transition to treasury budget execution began in 1992 and ended in 2000. Until 1992, budget execution in our country was based on banking.

How do these two forms of budget execution differ?

In bank execution of the budget, taxpayers' funds were transferred to the accounts of tax authorities in the Bank of Russia or in commercial banks. Once every five days, the Bank of Russia received information from commercial banks about the receipt of tax payments credited to the federal budget. This information was transmitted to the Ministry of Finance. It was of a general nature and was not detailed in accordance with the budget classification.

In parallel with this process, tax authorities collected information about tax payments credited to their accounts, compiled it and transmitted it to the Ministry of Finance twice a month.

It is clear that the data from the tax authorities and the Bank of Russia may not have coincided due to a lack of reconciliation during their receipt. Moreover, this data was not operational.

Under the banking system, financing of budget expenditures was carried out through bank accounts of line ministries and departments. At the same time, it was impossible to control the process of passage of allocated funds to budgetary institutions, i.e., the final recipients. Commercial banks took advantage of this, using budget funds as their credit resources.

Treasury system budget execution is that with it, between taxpayers and budget recipients, on the one hand, and banks, on the other, a special control structure is built in - the treasury.

The Treasury controls both flows of budget resources - both revenue and expenditure - in one account. This ensures the principle of cash unity, and also accelerates the turnover of budget funds. The treasury system allows detailed information on budget execution.

The Treasury performs the following functions:

ensures accounting of all budget revenues;
confirms budgetary obligations (i.e., obligations to spend budgetary funds), and makes a permitting inscription for the right to make expenses, i.e., authorizes expenses within the limits of budgetary obligations;
makes payments on behalf of recipients of budget funds.

The Federal Treasury is part of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation.

The Federal Treasury registers incoming income and expenses in the General Ledger of the Federal Treasury. This book is maintained on the basis of a chart of accounts approved by the Treasury itself. The data entered into the general ledger of the Treasury is the basis for preparing reports on the execution of the federal budget. The Federal Treasury maintains a consolidated register of recipients of federal budget funds.

To account for federal budget expenses, personal accounts of budget funds are used, opened in the unified accounting register of the Federal Treasury for each main manager, manager and recipient of federal budget funds.

The personal account reflects the amount of federal budget funds available to the manager or recipient of these funds.

The treasury structure consists of three units.

Main Directorate of the Federal Treasury (GUFK). This department carries out consolidated accounting of income and expenses of the federal budget.
Federal Treasury Departments (UFK) in regions, territories and republics within the Russian Federation, in the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg.
Branches of the Federal Treasury in cities and urban regions (OFC).

Federal Treasury within the Ministry of Finance

Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation created within the structure of the Russian Federation. The Federal Treasury is guided by the Regulations on the Federal Treasury.

In the Russian Federation, a unified centralized system of federal treasury bodies (treasury) has been formed, including the Main Directorate of the Federal Treasury of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation and territorial bodies for the republics of the Russian Federation, territories, regions, autonomous entities, the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg, cities (beyond with the exception of cities of regional subordination), districts and districts in cities.

The Federal Treasury (Treasury of Russia) is a federal executive body (federal service) that, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, carries out enforcement functions to ensure the execution of the federal budget, cash services for the execution of budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation, preliminary and current control over the conduct of transactions with federal funds. budget by the main managers, administrators and recipients of federal budget funds.

The Federal Treasury is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation.

The Federal Treasury in its activities is guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws, acts of the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation, international treaties of the Russian Federation, regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, as well as these Regulations.

The Federal Treasury carries out its activities directly and through its territorial bodies in interaction with other federal executive authorities, executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, public associations and other organizations.

The Federal Treasury exercises the following powers in the established field of activity:

communicates to the main managers, administrators and recipients of federal budget funds the indicators of the consolidated budget schedule, limits of budget obligations and funding volumes;
maintains records of operations on cash execution of the federal budget;
opens accounts with the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and credit organizations to account for federal budget funds and other funds in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, establishes regimes for federal budget accounts;
opens and maintains personal accounts of the main managers, administrators and recipients of federal budget funds;
maintains a consolidated register of the main managers, administrators and recipients of federal budget funds;
keeps records of the indicators of the consolidated budget schedule of the federal budget, limits of budget obligations and their changes;
compiles and submits to the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation operational information and reporting on the execution of the federal budget, reporting on the execution of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation;
receives, in accordance with the established procedure, from the main managers of federal budget funds, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, state extra-budgetary funds and local governments, materials necessary for reporting on the execution of the federal budget and the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation;
carries out the distribution of income from the payment of federal taxes and fees between the budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
carries out forecasting and cash planning of federal budget funds;
manages operations on a single account of the federal budget;
carries out, in accordance with the established procedure, cash services for the execution of budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation;
ensures cash payments from the budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation on behalf of and on behalf of the relevant bodies collecting budget revenues, or recipients of funds from these budgets, whose personal accounts are duly opened with the Federal Treasury;
exercises preliminary and current control over the conduct of transactions with federal budget funds by the main managers, administrators and recipients of federal budget funds;
carries out confirmation of monetary obligations of the federal budget and makes a permitting inscription for the right to carry out federal budget expenditures within the allocated limits of budget obligations;
summarizes the practice of applying the legislation of the Russian Federation in the established field of activity and makes proposals for its improvement to the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation;
carries out the functions of the main manager and recipient of federal budget funds provided for the maintenance of the Federal Treasury and the implementation of the functions assigned to it;
ensures, within its competence, the protection of information constituting state secrets;
ensures timely and complete consideration of citizens' appeals, adoption of decisions on them and sending responses to applicants within the period established by the legislation of the Russian Federation;
provides mobilization preparation for the Federal Treasury;
organizes professional training for employees of the Federal Treasury, their retraining, advanced training and internships;
carries out, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, work on the acquisition, storage, accounting and use of archival documents generated in the course of the activities of the Federal Treasury;
interacts in the prescribed manner with government authorities of foreign states and international organizations in the established field of activity;
conducts competitions in accordance with the established procedure and concludes government contracts for placing orders for the supply of goods, performance of work, provision of services for the needs of the Federal Treasury, as well as for carrying out research work for government needs in the established field of activity;
performs other functions in the established field of activity, if such functions are provided for by federal laws, regulatory legal acts of the President of the Russian Federation or the Government of the Russian Federation.

In order to exercise powers in the established field of activity, the Federal Treasury has the right:

request and receive, in the prescribed manner, information necessary for making decisions on issues within the established scope of activity;
provide legal entities and individuals with explanations on issues related to the established field of activity;
organize the necessary examinations, analyzes and assessments, as well as scientific research in the established field of activity;
involve, in the prescribed manner, scientific and other organizations, as well as scientists and specialists, to study issues related to the established field of activity;
exercise control over the activities of territorial bodies of the Federal Treasury;
create, reorganize and liquidate territorial bodies of the Federal Treasury in agreement with the Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation;
apply restrictive, precautionary and prophylactic measures provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, aimed at preventing and (or) suppressing violations by legal entities and citizens of mandatory requirements in the established field of activity, as well as measures to eliminate the consequences of these violations;
create advisory and expert bodies (councils, commissions, groups, collegiums) in the established field of activity.

The Federal Treasury does not have the right to carry out legal regulation in the established field of activity, except in cases established by federal laws, decrees of the President of the Russian Federation and decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as the functions of managing state property and providing paid services.

The restrictions established by the first paragraph of this paragraph do not apply to the powers of the head of the Federal Treasury to manage property assigned to the Federal Treasury with the right of operational management, to resolve personnel issues and issues of organizing the activities of the Federal Treasury.

The Federal Treasury is headed by a director who is appointed and dismissed by the Government of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation.

The head of the Federal Treasury is personally responsible for the implementation of the powers assigned to the Federal Treasury.

The head of the Federal Treasury has deputies who are appointed and dismissed by the Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the head of the Federal Treasury.

The number of deputy heads of the Federal Treasury is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Head of the Federal Treasury:

distributes responsibilities among his deputies;
submits to the Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation:
draft regulations on the Federal Treasury;
proposals on the maximum number and wage fund of employees of the central apparatus of the Federal Treasury and territorial bodies of the Federal Treasury;

proposals for the appointment and dismissal of deputy heads of the Federal Treasury;
proposals for the appointment and dismissal of heads of territorial bodies of the Federal Treasury;
draft annual plan and forecast indicators of the Federal Treasury, as well as a report on their implementation;
proposals for the formation of a draft federal budget in terms of financial support for the activities of the Federal Treasury;
draft regulations on territorial bodies of the Federal Treasury;
appoints and dismisses employees of the central apparatus of the Federal Treasury and deputy heads of territorial bodies of the Federal Treasury;
resolves, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on public service, issues related to the performance of federal public service in the Federal Treasury;
approves regulations on the structural divisions of the central apparatus of the Federal Treasury;
approves the structure and staffing table of the central apparatus of the Federal Treasury within the limits of the wage fund and the number of employees established by the Government of the Russian Federation, the cost estimate for the maintenance of the central apparatus of the Federal Treasury within the limits of the appropriations approved for the corresponding period provided for in the federal budget;
approves the number and wage fund of employees of territorial bodies of the Federal Treasury within the limits established by the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as the estimated costs for their maintenance within the limits of the appropriations approved for the corresponding period provided for in the federal budget;
approves the regulations on the Certificate of Honor of the Federal Treasury;
on the basis and in pursuance of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws, acts of the President of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, issues orders on issues within the competence of the Federal Treasury.

The costs of maintaining the central apparatus and territorial bodies of the Federal Treasury are financed from funds provided in the federal budget.

The Federal Treasury is a legal entity, has a seal with the image of the State Emblem of the Russian Federation and with its name, other seals, stamps and forms of the established form, as well as accounts opened in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. The location of the Federal Treasury is Moscow.

Treasury Department is a special organization of treasurers who service the treasury: a private or public repository of funds.

What is the “treasury” and its functional responsibilities?

This term denotes a special financial state institution (body) that carries out operations for the cash execution of the country's budget.

The Treasury deals with the following main issues:

organizes the collection of fees, taxes and duties;
controls income from the sale of loans;
releases funds for expenses;
issues money (paper).

Features of the treasury organization in the countries of the world

Each country has its own characteristics of the functioning of the above body. In the USA, the Treasury is a Department of the Ministry of Finance, in Russia - the Federal Treasury, in France - the Treasury Department of the Ministry of Finance, in Great Britain - an independent treasury.

Russia

The Russian Federal Treasury is a federal executive body or, in other words, a federal service that carries out, strictly in accordance with the legislation of a given state, enforcement obligations to ensure the execution of the Federation budget and cash services. This institution is under the jurisdiction of the Finance Ministry of Russia.

The Treasury of the Russian Federation was created in 1992 on December 8 by presidential decree. The central apparatus of this body includes the following divisions:

Budget management and reporting;
Division of financial and reporting operations;
Directorate for Ensuring the Execution of the Federation Budget;
Financial division;
Department of control (internal) and performance evaluation;
Legal department;
Department of Information Integrated State Finance Systems;
Administrative division;
Office of Financial Technology;
Functional Performance Improvement Division;
Management of budget payments growth;
Division of information secrecy regime.

The Treasury of the Russian Federation consists of territorial departments of the federal treasuries, which are part of the Russian Federation republics, the cities of St. Petersburg and Moscow, regions and territories.

Treasury bodies have the status of an independent federal service, have independent cost estimates and current accounts in banking institutions. They are legal entities and report to the Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation.

Territorial treasury bodies report to the Deputy Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation, who is also the head of the Main Directorate of the Federal Treasury.

The main functional responsibilities of the Treasury of the Russian Federation:

management of accounting of operations for cash execution of the federal budget;
distribution of income from taxes and fees in the budget system of the Russian Federation between budgets;
maintains and, among other things, opens personal accounts of managers, maintains their register;
provides data and reporting on the execution of the federal budget to the Russian Federation;
provides mobilization preparation for the Federal Treasury;
carries out short-term forecasting of the volume of financial resources of the state;
serves and manages, together with the Central Bank, the state internal and external Russian Federation.

USA

The American Treasury or the US Department of the Treasury is one of the executive departments that was created back in 1789. His responsibilities include developing and executing the monetary policy of the United States, regulating financial institutions, exports and imports, printing paper dollars and minting coins, and, of course, collecting taxes.

In addition, the functions of the US Treasury Department include:

payment of government bills;
managing the country's debt;
consulting on international and domestic economic, monetary, financial, trade and tax policies;
publication of static reporting;
criminal prosecution of persons who evade taxes;
ensuring compliance with tax and financial federal legislation.

The activities of this department are led by the United States Jacob Lew.

What is an organization's treasury?

The above-mentioned key division or any other financial institution is engaged in ensuring the liquidity of the company (that is, it carries out payments, deposits available funds into a cash account, and raises money when there is a shortage).

In financial markets, operations are carried out directly by the treasury itself or by the dealing division, which is part of it or is parallel to it in the structure of managing the company’s liabilities and assets. In the latter case, they talk about the separation of the middle office (treasury) and the front office (dealing division).

Market risk management is a functional responsibility of Treasury. This is done with the aim of generating income from expected developments in the market. Experts highlight interest rate, currency and stock risks.

Interest risk is managed by the method of establishing interest base rates and special transfer prices for branches. Transfer prices and interest rates are offered either by the treasury itself or by the asset management committee.

The method of opening currency positions (that is, purchasing and selling one currency for another) is used to manage currency risk. Limits are also set on the amount of foreign currency positions of branches or other divisions that generate income.

By forming stock portfolios, stock risk management occurs.

Another critical function of the treasury is to coordinate the above responsibilities within the centralized management of the organization's liabilities and assets.

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What is the treasury? Based on the name of this body, we can safely say that it deals with issues of the state treasury. The Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation has a wide range of management tools and a complex organizational structure. This is the most important authority in the financial sector of the Russian executive branch. The features of the work, functions, powers and procedure for managing the Federal Treasury will be discussed in detail in our article.

Types of budget execution

The state budget is executed in two ways: bank or treasury. In Soviet times, the first method was used. Funds collected from taxpayers were transferred to the account of the tax authority of the Bank of the RSFSR. Several times a week the Bank received information about the receipt of new payments. Next, the information was transferred to the USSR Ministry of Finance. All information was summarized according to the compiled budget classification.

The inconvenience of the banking system was the manifestation of difficulties with the transfer of information. The data was not operational and was often completely falsified. The Ministry of Finance itself did not have sufficient funds and capabilities to control the situation.

In 1992, the country switched to a new tax calculation system. The Federal Treasury began to play a larger role - the body that assumed responsibilities for the execution of budget funds. This authority began to play the role of an intermediary between budget recipients (the state) and taxpayers (citizens), on the one hand, and banking institutions, on the other hand. Here we should immediately identify the priority function of the body in question - control.

What is the treasury?

The answer to this question interests many. So, the Federal Treasury is an intermediary body in the entire financial system of the Russian Federation. This body controls the movement of budget funds - both the revenue and expenditure sides. This ensures the principle of unity of the budget fund. Moreover, the flow of taxes to the treasury is significantly accelerated, which contributes to the active development of the country’s entire financial system.

The Russian Treasury, as is already clear, is part of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. The main document of the authority under consideration is the General Ledger of the Financial Corporation - a non-normative act containing information about national income and expenses. The book is maintained on the basis of a special accounting plan, also approved by the Treasury. The data included in the plan represents an informal basis for generating reports on the execution of the national budget.

Thus, the Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation implements several main functions. Firstly, it takes into account all budget income and expenses. Secondly, it confirms budget obligations and implements an authorization letter for the right to make expenses. This way the authority authorizes expenses within established limits. Finally, the Treasury manages funds that come from taxpayers quickly and efficiently.

Based on the above, it can be concluded that the main purpose of the treasury system is to facilitate the optimal management of public resources in the form of financial funds.

Treasury in the system of the Ministry of Finance

The treasury system is hierarchical. It consists of three components. The first place here is occupied by the central link - the Main Directorate of the Football Club. This is the main body involved in the implementation of consolidated accounting of expenses and revenues of the federal budget. The second link is the regional Treasury department. It operates in regions, territories, republics and autonomous territories. All information and funds from regional authorities are transferred to the Main Directorate. Finally, the third link consists of city branches of the federal treasury.

The entire presented structure is part of the executive system of government, and it is subordinate to the government Ministry of Finance. There are not so many legal sources on the basis of which the body in question can work. These are the Budget Code of the Russian Federation and the Regulations “On the Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation”. Here it is worth highlighting the Constitution, as well as some by-laws - presidential decrees and government regulations.

In the system of the Ministry of Finance, the Treasury carries out law enforcement functions. It, in fact, only serves higher authorities, while acting as a kind of intermediary. In cooperation with federal authorities, the Treasury carries out its activities directly and through territorial institutions. In the regions, the body in question cooperates with local government, subject branches of the Central Bank, with governments or executive administrations, as well as with individual public associations.

Goals and objectives of the body

In order to better understand what the Treasury is, you should pay a little more attention to the primary goals and objectives of the body in question. According to government regulations, the key goal of the Federal Treasury System is to create a common information field for the activities of municipal and national structures related to the management of financial flows. In contrast to the simple banking system of budget execution, a system complicated by an intermediary, which is the Treasury of the Russian Federation, works much more efficiently. And information, as you know, is the source of any quality development.

The Federal Treasury provides effective cash services to a wide variety of entities. The purpose of the body in question is to maintain legality in the system of such services, as well as the constant modernization of the elements of this system. Calculations implemented within the framework of budget procedures should also be improved.

As an intermediary between subjects of the tax system and banks, the Federal Treasury is obliged to help ensure the reliability of the country's entire financial system. In addition, the basis for the effective implementation of personnel policies must be developed.

What tasks are assigned to the treasury body? The first and most important is ensuring transparency and legality in the execution of the budget. The actions of banks and authorities should be clearly visible to all concerned citizens. To ensure transparency, all information systems that have at least some relation to the management of budget funds must function efficiently. The use of new working technologies will help in this, which is also the task of the body. The authorities must monitor the improvement of the infrastructure for interaction with authorities aimed at implementing budget procedures.

Control and enforcement functions of the Treasury of Russia

The enforcement powers of the Russian Treasury are primarily related to the implementation of the federal budget. The body also services cash payments related to legal relations within the boundaries of the country’s budgetary sphere. In fact, the Treasury of the Russian Federation fulfills all its duties as an auxiliary body, a kind of intermediary.

The second important area in the activities of the Financial Treasury of Russia is control. Functions in this professional area can be associated both with solving problems within the budgetary sphere and with interaction with various private authorities - for example, auditing or accounting firms. However, control alone is often not enough. It is often complemented by supervisory powers. We are talking about activities that do not involve significant interference in the economic functions of the subjects of the budgetary and financial process. Such activities are related only to monitoring the rule of law.

The functions of the Federal Treasury are constantly changing. They are supplemented, expanded and even eliminated. It all depends on the procedure for exercising legal powers, as well as on options for solving certain tasks that are directly assigned to a government department.

Powers of bodies

The Federal Treasury has a wide range of different powers. Based on Article 161 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation, the main types of activities of the state authority in question should be characterized.

You need to pay attention to the following points:

Bringing consolidated budget schedules, established funding volumes and limits of budget obligations to the main managers, managers and recipients of funds.
Maintaining records of budget execution operations.
Opening accounts in credit institutions and banks for accounting of budgetary funds.
Formation, opening and maintenance of personal accounts of senior officials - managers and recipients.
Formation of a system for recording indicators of consolidated budget schedules, as well as the boundaries of budget obligations.
Maintaining a register of main managers and recipients.
Generation of operational information and reports on budget execution, as well as their subsequent transfer to the Russian Ministry of Finance.
Receiving from managers of budget funds materials that may be needed to generate reporting on the implementation of budget funds.
Distribution of revenues from taxes and fees between regional budget systems of the country.
Carrying out work on forecasting and cash planning of budget funds.
Ensuring current and preliminary control and supervisory activities over the conduct of operations related to budgetary funds.
Generalization of Russian legislative practice, making proposals for its modernization.
Formation and high-quality storage of information that constitutes a state secret.
Ensuring mobilization preparation of the FC system.
Interaction within the framework of their powers with domestic and foreign organizations.
Conclusion of government contracts for placing orders, performing work, providing services, etc.

Not all functions that are implemented by the management bodies of the Federal Treasury have been outlined above. However, the general focus is obvious: control over the flow of budget funds, as well as mediation between subjects of the tax system and banking authorities.

Treasury structure

The system is controlled through three stages, each of which contains special organs. The first stage is called the central stage. All regional authorities are subordinate to it. The central apparatus includes 14 departments:

on budget accounting and reporting;
administrative, financial, legal and information management;
to ensure the state budget;
on control over the budgetary and financial sphere;
on modernization of functional activities;
on conducting audit activities (internal control) and assessing the effectiveness of the activities being implemented;
to ensure secrecy and information security;
on the development of budget payments;
on systematization and classification of existing information in the field of economics and social security;
on integration of information systems in the field of public finance.

The territorial bodies of the Federal Treasury system are scattered across 85 regions of the country. They constitute the second level of the Treasury structure. The regional authorities of the system under consideration should be considered in a little more detail.

Regional branches

What are the specifics of the work of territorial bodies of the treasury system? The operating procedure is determined by law, according to which regional branches carry out constant interaction with the central office. Any department is subject to the legal requirements of the center. Sometimes orders may come from other authorities. All of them must be fulfilled.

The law clearly defines the powers of regional treasuries. They are not much different from the federal ones, but have slightly different specifics. Here's what you should pay attention to here:

regional budget treasuries must implement the financial execution of both the federal and local budgets. The responsibilities of FC representatives include monitoring the receipt and legal use of budget funds.
Refund, at the request of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, of funds that were excessively collected or paid untimely.
Collection, processing and transmission of information or reports on the execution of income to higher authorities.

Some powers of regional branches of the Treasury may be regulated by the laws of the constituent entities. The main requirement here is the absence of contradictions to the norms of federal legislation.

Functions of the Chairman of the Treasury

Having considered the question of what the treasury is, we should move on to the characteristics of its chairman. The head of the body is appointed and removed from the position by order of the Government of Russia. Candidates for the position are proposed by the Minister of Finance.

The head of the Federal Treasury is personally responsible for the implementation of the powers assigned to the body. The head has deputies who are appointed to the position on his recommendation, but by order of the Minister of Finance. The total number of deputies is limited by the Government. There is no point in giving an exact figure, because it changes periodically.

What powers does the head of the Federal Treasury have? Here's what needs to be highlighted here:

distribution of responsibilities among your subordinates (deputies);
submission of the necessary information to the Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation;
development of draft regulations on FC;
submitting for consideration proposals on the maximum number of employees of the apparatus and its territorial branches;
development of annual plans and forecast indicators on the activities of the financial company;
formation of plans for the working order in the Treasury;
resolving issues related to service in the treasury system;
approval of the structure of the body and staffing of the Main Office;
approval of the wage fund for employees of the central and regional offices;
development of provisions on the Certificate of Honor of the Treasury;
formation of projects on budget accounts of the Federal Treasury;
ensuring the implementation of all legal sources on which the functioning of the body in question is based.

It should be noted that the entire structure under consideration is a legal entity. It has its own seal, stamp and state-issued forms.

Chairman of the Treasury

Since October 2007, the position of head of the structure in question has been occupied by Roman Evgenievich Artyukhin. His predecessor was Tatyana Gennadievna Nesterenko, a deputy of the State Duma of the first meeting and First Deputy Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation since October 2012.

What is known about the current head of the Federal Treasury? Roman Evgenievich was born in 1973 in the Moscow region. In 1995, he graduated from the Ordzhonikidze State Academy of Management. In 1998 he received a graduate diploma from the Moscow State Law Academy. From 1995 to 2005 Artyukhin worked in the main department of the Federal Treasury. Here he gained enough experience to head the body in 2007.

Roman Evgenievich is a candidate of legal sciences. In parallel with the implementation of his main work, Artyukhin heads the department of financial law at the University under the Government of the Russian Federation. He has the award "For Services to the Fatherland" of the second degree, as well as the Order of Honor.

In the Russian Federation there is a single centralized system of federal treasury bodies, including the Main Directorate of the Federal Treasury of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation and subordinate territorial bodies of the federal treasury for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, cities, except for cities of regional subordination, districts and districts in cities.

The main tasks of the Treasury authorities:

1) organization, implementation and control over the execution of the budget of the Russian Federation, management of budget revenues and expenses in the Treasury accounts, based on the principle of cash unity;

2) regulation of financial relations between the budget of the Russian Federation and state extra-budgetary funds, financial execution of these funds, control over the receipt and use of extra-budgetary funds;

3) implementation of short-term forecasting of the volumes of state financial resources, their operational management;

4) collection, processing and analysis of information on the state of public finances, submission to legislative and executive bodies of reporting on financial operations of the Government of the Russian Federation on the budget of the Russian Federation, on state extra-budgetary funds, on the state of the budget system of the Russian Federation;

5) management and servicing, jointly with the Bank of Russia and other authorized banks, of the state internal and external debt of the Russian Federation;

6) development of methodological and instructional materials, procedures for conducting accounting operations on issues within the competence of the Treasury, preparing a draft budget classification, conducting accounting operations for the state treasury of the Russian Federation.

The functions of the Main Directorate of the Federal Treasury of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation include:

Organization of budgetary and financial execution of the federal budget and financial execution of state federal extra-budgetary funds, based on the principle of cash unity;

Management of the work of territorial bodies of the Federal Treasury;

Informing the territorial bodies of the Federal Treasury of the amount of allocations from the federal budget for the territories they serve;

Maintaining a consolidated register of managers of federal budget funds, state federal extra-budgetary funds and federal extra-budgetary funds;

Organizing the distribution of revenues between the federal budget and the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, transferring deductions from state tax and income receipts to local budgets;

Management of income and expenses of the federal budget and other centralized financial resources under the jurisdiction of the Government of the Russian Federation, management of funds in relevant bank accounts, except for funds of state federal extra-budgetary funds and federal extra-budgetary funds, carrying out transactions with these funds;

Organization of mutual settlements between the federal budget and the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

Regulation of financial relations between the federal budget and state federal extra-budgetary funds, organization of control over the receipt and use of federal extra-budgetary funds;

Organization and implementation of: short-term forecasting and cash planning of federal budget funds, other centralized financial resources and directions for their use; accounting for operations on the movement of funds from the federal budget, state federal extra-budgetary funds and federal extra-budgetary funds in treasury accounts; collection, processing and analysis of information on the state of the federal budget, budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, state federal extra-budgetary funds and federal extra-budgetary funds;

Carrying out, on instructions from the Government of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, other operations with funds from the federal budget and other funds under the jurisdiction of the Government of the Russian Federation;

Organization of the work of territorial bodies of the Treasury to monitor the execution of the federal budget, state federal extra-budgetary funds, the receipt and use of federal extra-budgetary funds;

Management and servicing of state internal and external debt together with the Bank of Russia and other authorized banks, organization and implementation of placement on a repayable and paid basis of centralized financial resources administered by the Government of the Russian Federation;

Organization and conduct of operations for accounting of the state treasury.

Treasury bodies in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as cities with regional divisions, which have subordinate Treasury bodies under their subordination, carry out functions in the corresponding territory in relation to the functions discussed above, except for the functions related exclusively to servicing the federal budget assigned to the Main Directorate of the Federal Treasury .

Treasury bodies in cities, except for cities of regional subordination, districts, districts in Cities perform the following functions:

Carry out budgetary and financial execution of the federal budget, financial execution of state federal extra-budgetary funds, control over the receipt and use of federal extra-budgetary funds;

Provide targeted financing of enterprises from the federal budget, state federal extra-budgetary funds and targeted use of federal extra-budgetary funds;

Provide full accounting of managers of federal budget funds, state federal extra-budgetary funds and federal extra-budgetary funds;

Carry out the distribution of income between the federal budget and the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, make deductions from revenues from state taxes and income to local budgets;

Carry out operations with funds from the federal budget, state federal extra-budgetary funds and federal extra-budgetary funds;

Carry out cash planning of federal budget funds, state federal extra-budgetary funds and federal extra-budgetary funds and directions for their use;

Monitor the timeliness of transactions and the targeted use of federal budget funds, state federal extra-budgetary funds and federal extra-budgetary funds;

Carry out, upon the recommendation of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Taxes and Duties, the return to the federal budget of excessively collected and paid taxes and other payments;

Keep records of operations on the movement of funds from the federal budget, state federal extra-budgetary funds and federal extra-budgetary funds in the accounts of the Federal Treasury bodies serving the relevant territory;

Collect, process and transmit to higher authorities of the Treasury information and reports on the execution of income and expenditures of the federal budget, on the financial execution of state federal extra-budgetary funds, the receipt and use of federal extra-budgetary funds;

Carry out individual operations on behalf of higher authorities of the Treasury.

Treasury bodies are vested with the following rights;

Open accounts for depositing and issuing funds with the Bank of Russia, its local institutions, and other credit institutions;

Suspend operations on the accounts of enterprises, including banks, using funds from the federal budget, state federal extra-budgetary funds and federal extra-budgetary funds, in cases of failure to submit or refusal to present accounting and financial documents related to the use of these funds to the Treasury authorities and their officials;

Issue binding orders to collect from enterprises in an indisputable manner funds allocated from the federal budget, funds from this budget directed to state federal extra-budgetary funds or federal extra-budgetary funds used for other purposes, with the imposition on enterprises of a fine in the amount of the Bank's refinancing rate Russia;

To impose a fine on credit organizations if they fail to timely execute payment documents for the transfer and crediting of funds to the federal budget, to state federal extra-budgetary funds, or funds from the federal budget and these funds to the accounts of recipients in the relevant credit organizations in the amount applicable to the bank that committed the violation, interest rate for short-term lending increased by 10 points; submit to the Bank of Russia proposals to deprive credit organizations of licenses to conduct banking operations.

The Federal Treasury exercises the following budgetary powers:

Organizes the execution of the federal budget, as well as the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local budgets in the event of concluding relevant budget agreements;

Executes the federal budget, as well as the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local budgets in the event of concluding relevant budget agreements;

Carries out preliminary and current control over the execution of the federal budget, as well as the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local budgets in the event of concluding relevant budget agreements;

Carry out operations with funds from the federal budget, as well as budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local budgets in the event of concluding relevant budget agreements;

Draws up a report on the execution of the federal budget, as well as the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local budgets in the event of concluding relevant budget agreements;

Prepares a report on the execution of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation;

Submits a report on the execution of the federal budget to the Government of the Russian Federation;

Establishes the procedure for keeping records and reporting on the execution of budgets at all levels of the budget system of the Russian Federation, cost estimates of budgetary institutions, establishes forms of accounting and reporting on the execution of budgets at all levels of the budget system of the Russian Federation;

Opens and closes accounts with the Bank of Russia and its institutions, as well as with authorized credit institutions for crediting and disbursing budget funds;

Opens and closes personal accounts of main managers, managers of budgetary funds, budgetary institutions, as well as budgetary accounts of other recipients of budgetary funds;

Has the right to demand from the main managers, managers and recipients of budget funds to provide reports on the use of federal budget funds and other information related to the receipt, transfer, crediting and use of federal budget funds;

Receives information from credit institutions about transactions with budget funds and funds of state extra-budgetary funds;

Sends representations to the main managers, managers and recipients of federal budget funds, the Bank of Russia and its institutions, credit organizations with the requirement to eliminate identified violations of budget legislation and monitors their elimination; suspends operations on personal accounts of the main managers, administrators and recipients of federal budget funds;

Collects in an indisputable manner from the personal accounts of the main managers, managers of budgetary funds and recipients of federal budget funds for budgetary funds used for purposes other than their intended purpose;

Collects from all accounts budget funds issued in the form of budget loans, budget loans for which the repayment period has expired, as well as interest payable for the use of budget loans, budget loans;

Imposes fines on the main managers, administrators and recipients of federal budget funds, credit organizations within its competence;

Maintains a consolidated register of the main managers, administrators and recipients of federal budget funds and carries out registration of budgetary institutions whose activities are financed from the federal budget;

Exercises other powers in accordance with budget legislation.
The Federal Treasury can execute the budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local budgets under agreements concluded with the relevant executive authorities and local governments.

The powers of the Federal Treasury bodies extend to organizations, including credit institutions, carrying out operations with funds from the relevant budgets to the extent of the powers available in relation to federal budget funds.